1
ὁ δὲ κύριος ἀπέστησεν τὸν ὕπνον ἀπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως τὴν νύκτα ἐκείνην καὶ εἶπεν τῷ διδασκάλῳ αὐτοῦ εἰσφέρειν γράμματα μνημόσυνα τῶν ἡμερῶν ἀναγινώσκειν αὐτῷ
But the Lord took sleep away from the king that night, and he told his reader to bring in the memorial records of the days and to read them to him.
The verse announces providence directly: insomnia is not random but divinely given. The apparently mundane request for court records becomes the means by which hidden loyalty is brought to light.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
δὲbutX · δέdevelopment markerδέ serves as a development marker, linking the clause with the sense 'but'.
κύριοςlordN2 NSM · κύριοςsubject / nominative complementκύριος names the referent as 'lord' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
ἀπέστησενturn away, removeVAI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀποcircumstantial participleἵστημι + ἀπο carries the verbal sense 'turn away, remove' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ὕπνονὕπνοςN2 ASM · ὕπνοςdirect object / accusative complementὕπνος names the referent as 'ὕπνος' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition with genitiveἀπό serves as a preposition with genitive, linking the clause with the sense 'from'.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive modifierβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
νύκταnightN3 ASF · νύξdirect object / accusative complementνύξ names the referent as 'night' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ἐκείνηνhe, she, itRD ASF · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
διδασκάλῳreader, instructorN2 DSM · διδάσκαλοςdative complementδιδάσκαλος names the referent as 'reader, instructor' here and functions as a dative complement.
αὐτοῦhe, she, itRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
εἰσφέρεινbring inV1 PAN · φέρω + εἰςinfinitive complementφέρω + εἰς carries the verbal sense 'bring in' here and functions as a infinitive complement within the narrative line.
γράμματαrecord, documentN3M APN · γράμμαdirect object / accusative complementγράμμα names the referent as 'record, document' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
μνημόσυναmemorial recordN2N APN · μνημόσυνονdirect object / accusative complementμνημόσυνον names the referent as 'memorial record' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ἡμερῶνdayN1A GPF · ἡμέραgenitive modifierἡμέρα names the referent as 'day' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
ἀναγινώσκεινγιγνώσκω + ἀναV1 PAN · γιγνώσκω + ἀναinfinitive complementγιγνώσκω + ἀνα carries the verbal sense 'γιγνώσκω + ἀνα' here and functions as a infinitive complement within the narrative line.
αὐτῷhe, she, itRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
2
εὗρεν δὲ τὰ γράμματα τὰ γραφέντα περὶ Μαρδοχαίου ὡς ἀπήγγειλεν τῷ βασιλεῖ περὶ τῶν δύο εὐνούχων τοῦ βασιλέως ἐν τῷ φυλάσσειν αὐτοὺς καὶ ζητῆσαι ἐπιβαλεῖν τὰς χεῖρας Ἀρταξέρξῃ
And he found the written records concerning Mordecai, how he had reported to the king about the two eunuchs of the king while they were guarding him and had sought to lay hands on Artaxerxes.
The records recover the earlier assassination plot and Mordecai's faithful disclosure. Forgotten service is now reintroduced at the exact moment Haman seeks his death.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
εὗρενfindVB AAI3S · εὑρίσκωmain verbεὑρίσκω carries the verbal sense 'find' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
δὲbutX · δέdevelopment markerδέ serves as a development marker, linking the clause with the sense 'but'.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
γράμματαrecord, documentN3M APN · γράμμαdirect object / accusative complementγράμμα names the referent as 'record, document' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
γραφένταthings writtenVD · αππαπν γράφωcircumstantial participleαππαπν γράφω carries the verbal sense 'things written' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
περὶaboutP · περίpreposition with genitive/accusativeπερί serves as a preposition with genitive/accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'about'.
ΜαρδοχαίουMordecaiN2 GSM · Μαρδοχαῖοςgenitive modifierΜαρδοχαῖος names the referent as 'Mordecai' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
ὡςas, likeC · ὡςcomparative / temporal markerὡς serves as a comparative / temporal marker, linking the clause with the sense 'as, like'.
ἀπήγγειλενreportVAI AAI3S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀποcircumstantial participleἀγγέλλω + ἀπο carries the verbal sense 'report' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a dative complement.
περὶaboutP · περίpreposition with genitive/accusativeπερί serves as a preposition with genitive/accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'about'.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
δύοtwoM · δύοclause linkerδύο serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'two'.
εὐνούχωνeunuchN2 GPM · εὐνοῦχοςgenitive modifierεὐνοῦχος names the referent as 'eunuch' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive modifierβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition with dativeἐν serves as a preposition with dative, linking the clause with the sense 'in'.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
φυλάσσεινguardV1 PAN · φυλάσσωinfinitive complementφυλάσσω carries the verbal sense 'guard' here and functions as a infinitive complement within the narrative line.
αὐτοὺςhe, she, itRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ζητῆσαιseekVA AAN · ζητέωcircumstantial participleζητέω carries the verbal sense 'seek' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
ἐπιβαλεῖνβάλλω + ἐπιVB AAN · βάλλω + ἐπιmain verbβάλλω + ἐπι carries the verbal sense 'βάλλω + ἐπι' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
χεῖραςhandN3 APF · χείρdirect object / accusative complementχείρ names the referent as 'hand' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ἈρταξέρξῃArtaxerxesN1M DSM · Ἀρταξέρξηςdative complementἈρταξέρξης names the referent as 'Artaxerxes' here and functions as a dative complement.
3
εἶπεν δὲ ὁ βασιλεύς τίνα δόξαν ἢ χάριν ἐποιήσαμεν τῷ Μαρδοχαίῳ καὶ εἶπαν οἱ διάκονοι τοῦ βασιλέως οὐκ ἐποίησας αὐτῷ οὐδέν
And the king said, "What honor or favor have we done for Mordecai?" And the king's attendants said, "You have done nothing for him."
The king's question identifies the moral imbalance that must be corrected: a loyal servant remains unrewarded. The blunt answer opens the way for immediate reversal.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
δὲbutX · δέdevelopment markerδέ serves as a development marker, linking the clause with the sense 'but'.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεύςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςsubject / nominative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
τίναwhat? who?RI ASF · τίςdirect object / accusative complementτίς names the referent as 'what? who?' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
δόξανglory, honorN1S ASF · δόξαdirect object / accusative complementδόξα names the referent as 'glory, honor' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ἢorC · ἤalternative markerἤ serves as a alternative marker, linking the clause with the sense 'or'.
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςdirect object / accusative complementχάρις names the referent as 'favor' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ἐποιήσαμενdo, makeVAI AAI1P · ποιέωcircumstantial participleποιέω carries the verbal sense 'do, make' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ΜαρδοχαίῳMordecaiN2 DSM · Μαρδοχαῖοςdative complementΜαρδοχαῖος names the referent as 'Mordecai' here and functions as a dative complement.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
εἶπανsayVAI AAI3P · εἶπονcircumstantial participleεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
διάκονοιattendantN2 NPM · διάκονοςsubject / nominative complementδιάκονος names the referent as 'attendant' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive modifierβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
οὐκnotD · οὐnegatorοὐ serves as a negator, linking the clause with the sense 'not'.
ἐποίησαςdo, makeVAI AAI2S · ποιέωcircumstantial participleποιέω carries the verbal sense 'do, make' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
αὐτῷhe, she, itRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
οὐδένno oneA3 ASN · οὐδείςdirect object / accusative complementοὐδείς names the referent as 'no one' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
4
ἐν δὲ τῷ πυνθάνεσθαι τὸν βασιλέα περὶ τῆς εὐνοίας Μαρδοχαίου ἰδοὺ Αμαν ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ εἶπεν δὲ ὁ βασιλεύς τίς ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ ὁ δὲ Αμαν εἰσῆλθεν εἰπεῖν τῷ βασιλεῖ κρεμάσαι τὸν Μαρδοχαῖον ἐπὶ τῷ ξύλῳ ᾧ ἡτοίμασεν
And while the king was inquiring about Mordecai's good service, behold, Haman was in the court. And the king said, "Who is in the court?" Now Haman had entered to tell the king to hang Mordecai on the stake that he had prepared for him.
The narrator lets the reader see both agendas at once. Haman comes to accelerate judgment on Mordecai, but his arrival coincides with the king's desire to reward Mordecai, creating the chapter's decisive irony.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition with dativeἐν serves as a preposition with dative, linking the clause with the sense 'in'.
δὲbutX · δέdevelopment markerδέ serves as a development marker, linking the clause with the sense 'but'.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
πυνθάνεσθαιinquireV1 PMN · πυνθάνομαιmain verbπυνθάνομαι carries the verbal sense 'inquire' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςdirect object / accusative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
περὶaboutP · περίpreposition with genitive/accusativeπερί serves as a preposition with genitive/accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'about'.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
εὐνοίαςgood service, favorN1A GSF · εὔνοιαgenitive modifierεὔνοια names the referent as 'good service, favor' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
ΜαρδοχαίουMordecaiN2 GSM · Μαρδοχαῖοςgenitive modifierΜαρδοχαῖος names the referent as 'Mordecai' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούattention markerἰδού serves as a attention marker, linking the clause with the sense 'behold'.
ΑμανHamanN NSM · Αμανclause linkerΑμαν serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Haman'.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition with dativeἐν serves as a preposition with dative, linking the clause with the sense 'in'.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
αὐλῇcourtN1 DSF · αὐλήdative complementαὐλή names the referent as 'court' here and functions as a dative complement.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
δὲbutX · δέdevelopment markerδέ serves as a development marker, linking the clause with the sense 'but'.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεύςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςsubject / nominative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
τίςwhat? who?RI NSM · τίςsubject / nominative complementτίς names the referent as 'what? who?' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition with dativeἐν serves as a preposition with dative, linking the clause with the sense 'in'.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
αὐλῇcourtN1 DSF · αὐλήdative complementαὐλή names the referent as 'court' here and functions as a dative complement.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
δὲbutX · δέdevelopment markerδέ serves as a development marker, linking the clause with the sense 'but'.
ΑμανHamanN NSM · Αμανclause linkerΑμαν serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Haman'.
εἰσῆλθενgo intoVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςmain verbἔρχομαι + εἰς carries the verbal sense 'go into' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
εἰπεῖνsayVB AAN · λέγωmain verbλέγω carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a dative complement.
κρεμάσαιhangVA AAN · κρεμάζωcircumstantial participleκρεμάζω carries the verbal sense 'hang' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ΜαρδοχαῖονMordecaiN2 ASM · Μαρδοχαῖοςdirect object / accusative complementΜαρδοχαῖος names the referent as 'Mordecai' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ἐπὶupon, onP · ἐπίpreposition with genitive/dative/accusativeἐπί serves as a preposition with genitive/dative/accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'upon, on'.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ξύλῳwood, stakeN2N DSN · ξύλονdative complementξύλον names the referent as 'wood, stake' here and functions as a dative complement.
ᾧwho, whichRR DSN · ὅςdative complementὅς names the referent as 'who, which' here and functions as a dative complement.
ἡτοίμασενprepareVAI AAI3S · ἑτοιμάζωcircumstantial participleἑτοιμάζω carries the verbal sense 'prepare' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
5
καὶ εἶπαν οἱ διάκονοι τοῦ βασιλέως ἰδοὺ Αμαν ἕστηκεν ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεύς καλέσατε αὐτόν
And the king's attendants said, "Behold, Haman is standing in the court." And the king said, "Call him."
Haman is summoned as if he were a useful counselor, unaware that he has already walked into the collapse of his own plan.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
εἶπανsayVAI AAI3P · εἶπονcircumstantial participleεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
διάκονοιattendantN2 NPM · διάκονοςsubject / nominative complementδιάκονος names the referent as 'attendant' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive modifierβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούattention markerἰδού serves as a attention marker, linking the clause with the sense 'behold'.
ΑμανHamanN NSM · Αμανclause linkerΑμαν serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Haman'.
ἕστηκενstandVXI XAI3S · ἵστημιmain verbἵστημι carries the verbal sense 'stand' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition with dativeἐν serves as a preposition with dative, linking the clause with the sense 'in'.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
αὐλῇcourtN1 DSF · αὐλήdative complementαὐλή names the referent as 'court' here and functions as a dative complement.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεύςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςsubject / nominative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
καλέσατεcallVA AAD2P · καλέωcircumstantial participleκαλέω carries the verbal sense 'call' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
αὐτόνhe, she, itRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
6
εἶπεν δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς τῷ Αμαν τί ποιήσω τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ὃν ἐγὼ θέλω δοξάσαι εἶπεν δὲ ἐν ἑαυτῷ Αμαν τίνα θέλει ὁ βασιλεὺς δοξάσαι εἰ μὴ ἐμέ
And the king said to Haman, "What shall I do for the man whom I wish to honor?" And Haman said within himself, "Whom would the king wish to honor except me?"
The king frames the matter abstractly, but Haman instantly personalizes it. His interior answer exposes the self-love that will make him pronounce his own humiliation.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
δὲbutX · δέdevelopment markerδέ serves as a development marker, linking the clause with the sense 'but'.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςsubject / nominative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ΑμανHamanN DSM · Αμανclause linkerΑμαν serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Haman'.
τίwhat? who?RI ASN · τίςdirect object / accusative complementτίς names the referent as 'what? who?' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ποιήσωdo, makeVF FAI1S · ποιέωmain verbποιέω carries the verbal sense 'do, make' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ἀνθρώπῳman, personN2 DSM · ἄνθρωποςdative complementἄνθρωπος names the referent as 'man, person' here and functions as a dative complement.
ὃνwho, whichRR ASM · ὅςdirect object / accusative complementὅς names the referent as 'who, which' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώsubject / nominative complementἐγώ names the referent as 'I' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
θέλωwish, wantV1 PAI1S · θέλωmain verbθέλω carries the verbal sense 'wish, want' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
δοξάσαιhonor, glorifyVA AAN · δοξάζωcircumstantial participleδοξάζω carries the verbal sense 'honor, glorify' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
δὲbutX · δέdevelopment markerδέ serves as a development marker, linking the clause with the sense 'but'.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition with dativeἐν serves as a preposition with dative, linking the clause with the sense 'in'.
ἑαυτῷhe, she, itRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
ΑμανHamanN NSM · Αμανclause linkerΑμαν serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Haman'.
τίναwhat? who?RI ASM · τίςdirect object / accusative complementτίς names the referent as 'what? who?' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
θέλειwish, wantV1 PAI3S · θέλωmain verbθέλω carries the verbal sense 'wish, want' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςsubject / nominative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
δοξάσαιhonor, glorifyVA AAN · δοξάζωcircumstantial participleδοξάζω carries the verbal sense 'honor, glorify' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
εἰifC · εἰclause linkerεἰ serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'if'.
μὴnotD · μήnegatorμή serves as a negator, linking the clause with the sense 'not'.
ἐμέIRP AS · ἐγώdirect object / accusative complementἐγώ names the referent as 'I' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
7
εἶπεν δὲ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα ἄνθρωπον ὃν ὁ βασιλεὺς θέλει δοξάσαι
And he said to the king, "As for the man whom the king wishes to honor,"
Haman begins his recommendation with ceremonial restraint, but the unfinished phrase prepares for a fantasy of public magnificence.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
δὲbutX · δέdevelopment markerδέ serves as a development marker, linking the clause with the sense 'but'.
πρὸςto, towardP · πρόςpreposition with accusativeπρός serves as a preposition with accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'to, toward'.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςdirect object / accusative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ἄνθρωπονman, personN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςdirect object / accusative complementἄνθρωπος names the referent as 'man, person' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ὃνwho, whichRR ASM · ὅςdirect object / accusative complementὅς names the referent as 'who, which' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςsubject / nominative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
θέλειwish, wantV1 PAI3S · θέλωmain verbθέλω carries the verbal sense 'wish, want' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
δοξάσαιhonor, glorifyVA AAN · δοξάζωcircumstantial participleδοξάζω carries the verbal sense 'honor, glorify' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
8
ἐνεγκάτωσαν οἱ παῖδες τοῦ βασιλέως στολὴν βυσσίνην ἣν ὁ βασιλεὺς περιβάλλεται καὶ ἵππον ἐφ' ὃν ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐπιβαίνει
"Let the king's servants bring a linen robe that the king wears, and a horse on which the king mounts,"
The proposed honors start with visible symbols of royal proximity: clothing and mount. Haman imagines glory chiefly as borrowed majesty made publicly legible.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἐνεγκάτωσανbringVA AAD3P · φέρωcircumstantial participleφέρω carries the verbal sense 'bring' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
παῖδεςservantN3D NPM · παῖςsubject / nominative complementπαῖς names the referent as 'servant' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive modifierβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
στολὴνrobeN1 ASF · στολήdirect object / accusative complementστολή names the referent as 'robe' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
βυσσίνηνlinenA1 ASF · βύσσινοςdirect object / accusative complementβύσσινος names the referent as 'linen' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ἣνwho, whichRR ASF · ὅςdirect object / accusative complementὅς names the referent as 'who, which' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςsubject / nominative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
περιβάλλεταιput on, clotheV1 PMI3S · βάλλω + περιmain verbβάλλω + περι carries the verbal sense 'put on, clothe' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ἵππονἵπποςN2 ASM · ἵπποςdirect object / accusative complementἵππος names the referent as 'ἵππος' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ἐφ'upon, onP · ἐπίpreposition with genitive/dative/accusativeἐπί serves as a preposition with genitive/dative/accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'upon, on'.
ὃνwho, whichRR ASM · ὅςdirect object / accusative complementὅς names the referent as 'who, which' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςsubject / nominative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
ἐπιβαίνειmountV1 PAI3S · βαίνω + ἐπιmain verbβαίνω + ἐπι carries the verbal sense 'mount' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
9
καὶ δότω ἑνὶ τῶν φίλων τοῦ βασιλέως τῶν ἐνδόξων καὶ στολισάτω τὸν ἄνθρωπον ὃν ὁ βασιλεὺς ἀγαπᾷ καὶ ἀναβιβασάτω αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὸν ἵππον καὶ κηρυσσέτω διὰ τῆς πλατείας τῆς πόλεως λέγων οὕτως ἔσται παντὶ ἀνθρώπῳ ὃν ὁ βασιλεὺς δοξάζει
"And let it be given to one of the king's distinguished friends, and let him robe the man whom the king loves and set him on the horse and proclaim through the broad street of the city, saying, 'Thus shall it be done for every man whom the king honors.'"
The fantasy expands into public procession. Haman wants the whole city to witness the king's favor, not realizing that he is composing the script he himself must perform for Mordecai.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
δότωδίδωμιVO AAD3S · δίδωμιmain verbδίδωμι carries the verbal sense 'δίδωμι' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ἑνὶoneA3 DSM · εἷςdative complementεἷς names the referent as 'one' here and functions as a dative complement.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
φίλωνfriendA1 GPM · φίλοςgenitive modifierφίλος names the referent as 'friend' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive modifierβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ἐνδόξωνdistinguishedA1B GPM · ἔνδοξοςgenitive modifierἔνδοξος names the referent as 'distinguished' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
στολισάτωστολίζωVA AAD3S · στολίζωcircumstantial participleστολίζω carries the verbal sense 'στολίζω' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ἄνθρωπονman, personN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςdirect object / accusative complementἄνθρωπος names the referent as 'man, person' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ὃνwho, whichRR ASM · ὅςdirect object / accusative complementὅς names the referent as 'who, which' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςsubject / nominative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
ἀγαπᾷloveV3 PAI3S · ἀγαπάωmain verbἀγαπάω carries the verbal sense 'love' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ἀναβιβασάτωcause to mountVA AAD3S · βιβάζω + ἀναcircumstantial participleβιβάζω + ἀνα carries the verbal sense 'cause to mount' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
αὐτὸνhe, she, itRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
ἐπὶupon, onP · ἐπίpreposition with genitive/dative/accusativeἐπί serves as a preposition with genitive/dative/accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'upon, on'.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ἵππονἵπποςN2 ASM · ἵπποςdirect object / accusative complementἵππος names the referent as 'ἵππος' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
κηρυσσέτωproclaimV1 PAD3S · κηρύσσωmain verbκηρύσσω carries the verbal sense 'proclaim' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition with genitive/accusativeδιά serves as a preposition with genitive/accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'through'.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
πλατείαςsquare, broad streetN1A GSF · πλατεῖαgenitive modifierπλατεῖα names the referent as 'square, broad street' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive modifierπόλις names the referent as 'city' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωcircumstantial participleπαπνσμ λέγω carries the verbal sense 'saying' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςclause linkerοὕτως serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'thus'.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbεἰμί carries the verbal sense 'be' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
παντὶall, everyA3 DSM · πᾶςdative complementπᾶς names the referent as 'all, every' here and functions as a dative complement.
ἀνθρώπῳman, personN2 DSM · ἄνθρωποςdative complementἄνθρωπος names the referent as 'man, person' here and functions as a dative complement.
ὃνwho, whichRR ASM · ὅςdirect object / accusative complementὅς names the referent as 'who, which' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςsubject / nominative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
δοξάζειhonor, glorifyV1 PAI3S · δοξάζωmain verbδοξάζω carries the verbal sense 'honor, glorify' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
10
εἶπεν δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς τῷ Αμαν καθὼς ἐλάλησας οὕτως ποίησον τῷ Μαρδοχαίῳ τῷ Ιουδαίῳ τῷ θεραπεύοντι ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ καὶ μὴ παραπεσάτω σου λόγος ὧν ἐλάλησας
And the king said to Haman, "Exactly as you have spoken, so do for Mordecai the Jew, who serves in the court; do not let a word of what you have spoken fall short."
The reversal lands in a single royal sentence. Haman's imagined self-exaltation is redirected entirely onto Mordecai, and the king insists on complete execution of Haman's own advice.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
δὲbutX · δέdevelopment markerδέ serves as a development marker, linking the clause with the sense 'but'.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςsubject / nominative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ΑμανHamanN DSM · Αμανclause linkerΑμαν serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Haman'.
καθὼςκαθώςD · καθώςclause linkerκαθώς serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'καθώς'.
ἐλάλησαςspeakVAI AAI2S · λαλέωcircumstantial participleλαλέω carries the verbal sense 'speak' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςclause linkerοὕτως serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'thus'.
ποίησονdo, makeVA AAD2S · ποιέωcircumstantial participleποιέω carries the verbal sense 'do, make' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ΜαρδοχαίῳMordecaiN2 DSM · Μαρδοχαῖοςdative complementΜαρδοχαῖος names the referent as 'Mordecai' here and functions as a dative complement.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ΙουδαίῳJewN2 DSM · Ἰουδαῖοςdative complementἸουδαῖος names the referent as 'Jew' here and functions as a dative complement.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
θεραπεύοντιservingV1 · παπδσμ θεραπεύωcircumstantial participleπαπδσμ θεραπεύω carries the verbal sense 'serving' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition with dativeἐν serves as a preposition with dative, linking the clause with the sense 'in'.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
αὐλῇcourtN1 DSF · αὐλήdative complementαὐλή names the referent as 'court' here and functions as a dative complement.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
μὴnotD · μήnegatorμή serves as a negator, linking the clause with the sense 'not'.
παραπεσάτω+ παραVA AAD3S · πίπτω + παραcircumstantial participle+ παρα carries the verbal sense '+ παρα' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
σουyouRP GS · σύgenitive modifierσύ names the referent as 'you' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
λόγοςword, matterN2 NSM · λόγοςsubject / nominative complementλόγος names the referent as 'word, matter' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
ὧνwho, whichRR GPM · ὅςgenitive modifierὅς names the referent as 'who, which' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
ἐλάλησαςspeakVAI AAI2S · λαλέωcircumstantial participleλαλέω carries the verbal sense 'speak' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
11
ἔλαβεν δὲ Αμαν τὴν στολὴν καὶ τὸν ἵππον καὶ ἐστόλισεν τὸν Μαρδοχαῖον καὶ ἀνεβίβασεν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὸν ἵππον καὶ διῆλθεν διὰ τῆς πλατείας τῆς πόλεως καὶ ἐκήρυσσεν λέγων οὕτως ἔσται παντὶ ἀνθρώπῳ ὃν ὁ βασιλεὺς θέλει δοξάσαι
So Haman took the robe and the horse and robed Mordecai and set him on the horse and led him through the broad street of the city, proclaiming, "Thus shall it be done for every man whom the king wishes to honor."
The command is enacted without delay. The public honor that Haman coveted becomes a public liturgy of his humiliation, while Mordecai receives it without self-display.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωmain verbλαμβάνω carries the verbal sense 'take' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
δὲbutX · δέdevelopment markerδέ serves as a development marker, linking the clause with the sense 'but'.
ΑμανHamanN NSM · Αμανclause linkerΑμαν serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Haman'.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
στολὴνrobeN1 ASF · στολήdirect object / accusative complementστολή names the referent as 'robe' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ἵππονἵπποςN2 ASM · ἵπποςdirect object / accusative complementἵππος names the referent as 'ἵππος' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ἐστόλισενστολίζωVAI AAI3S · στολίζωcircumstantial participleστολίζω carries the verbal sense 'στολίζω' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ΜαρδοχαῖονMordecaiN2 ASM · Μαρδοχαῖοςdirect object / accusative complementΜαρδοχαῖος names the referent as 'Mordecai' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ἀνεβίβασενcause to mountVAI AAI3S · βιβάζω + ἀναcircumstantial participleβιβάζω + ἀνα carries the verbal sense 'cause to mount' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
αὐτὸνhe, she, itRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
ἐπὶupon, onP · ἐπίpreposition with genitive/dative/accusativeἐπί serves as a preposition with genitive/dative/accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'upon, on'.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ἵππονἵπποςN2 ASM · ἵπποςdirect object / accusative complementἵππος names the referent as 'ἵππος' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
διῆλθενgo throughVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + διαmain verbἔρχομαι + δια carries the verbal sense 'go through' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition with genitive/accusativeδιά serves as a preposition with genitive/accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'through'.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
πλατείαςsquare, broad streetN1A GSF · πλατεῖαgenitive modifierπλατεῖα names the referent as 'square, broad street' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive modifierπόλις names the referent as 'city' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ἐκήρυσσενproclaimVAI AAI3S · κηρύσσωcircumstantial participleκηρύσσω carries the verbal sense 'proclaim' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωcircumstantial participleπαπνσμ λέγω carries the verbal sense 'saying' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςclause linkerοὕτως serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'thus'.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbεἰμί carries the verbal sense 'be' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
παντὶall, everyA3 DSM · πᾶςdative complementπᾶς names the referent as 'all, every' here and functions as a dative complement.
ἀνθρώπῳman, personN2 DSM · ἄνθρωποςdative complementἄνθρωπος names the referent as 'man, person' here and functions as a dative complement.
ὃνwho, whichRR ASM · ὅςdirect object / accusative complementὅς names the referent as 'who, which' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςsubject / nominative complementβασιλεύς names the referent as 'king' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
θέλειwish, wantV1 PAI3S · θέλωmain verbθέλω carries the verbal sense 'wish, want' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
δοξάσαιhonor, glorifyVA AAN · δοξάζωcircumstantial participleδοξάζω carries the verbal sense 'honor, glorify' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
12
ἐπέστρεψεν δὲ ὁ Μαρδοχαῖος εἰς τὴν αὐλήν Αμαν δὲ ὑπέστρεψεν εἰς τὰ ἴδια λυπούμενος κατὰ κεφαλῆς
Then Mordecai returned to the court, but Haman went back to his own house grieving and with his head covered.
Mordecai quietly resumes service, whereas Haman retreats in shame. The asymmetry is telling: true honor does not need to be grasped, while pride collapses under exposure.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἐπέστρεψενreturnVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἐπιcircumstantial participleστρέφω + ἐπι carries the verbal sense 'return' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
δὲbutX · δέdevelopment markerδέ serves as a development marker, linking the clause with the sense 'but'.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ΜαρδοχαῖοςMordecaiN2 NSM · Μαρδοχαῖοςsubject / nominative complementΜαρδοχαῖος names the referent as 'Mordecai' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition with accusativeεἰς serves as a preposition with accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'into'.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
αὐλήνcourtN1 ASF · αὐλήdirect object / accusative complementαὐλή names the referent as 'court' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ΑμανHamanN NSM · Αμανclause linkerΑμαν serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Haman'.
δὲbutX · δέdevelopment markerδέ serves as a development marker, linking the clause with the sense 'but'.
ὑπέστρεψενreturnVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ὑποcircumstantial participleστρέφω + ὑπο carries the verbal sense 'return' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition with accusativeεἰς serves as a preposition with accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'into'.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ἴδιαἴδιοςA1A APN · ἴδιοςdirect object / accusative complementἴδιος names the referent as 'ἴδιος' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
λυπούμενοςgrievingV2 · πμπνσμ λυπέωcircumstantial participleπμπνσμ λυπέω carries the verbal sense 'grieving' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
κατὰdown, againstP · κατάpreposition with genitive/accusativeκατά serves as a preposition with genitive/accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'down, against'.
κεφαλῆςheadN1 GSF · κεφαλήgenitive modifierκεφαλή names the referent as 'head' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
13
καὶ διηγήσατο Αμαν τὰ συμβεβηκότα αὐτῷ Ζωσαρα τῇ γυναικὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῖς φίλοις καὶ εἶπαν πρὸς αὐτὸν οἱ φίλοι καὶ ἡ γυνή εἰ ἐκ γένους Ιουδαίων Μαρδοχαῖος ἦρξαι ταπεινοῦσθαι ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ πεσὼν πεσῇ οὐ μὴ δύνῃ αὐτὸν ἀμύνασθαι ὅτι θεὸς ζῶν μετ' αὐτοῦ
And Haman related to Zosara his wife and to his friends what had happened to him. And his friends and his wife said to him, "If Mordecai is of the race of the Jews, before whom you have begun to be humbled, as you fall you will surely fall, and you will not be able to resist him, because the living God is with him."
Haman's household now reads events more truthfully than Haman did. The warning shifts the conflict from courtly rivalry to theological inevitability: opposition to the Jew protected by the living God cannot finally stand.
Word-by-word analysis· 43 words
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
διηγήσατοlead throughVAI AMI3S · ἡγέομαι + διαcircumstantial participleἡγέομαι + δια carries the verbal sense 'lead through' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
ΑμανHamanN NSM · Αμανclause linkerΑμαν serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Haman'.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
συμβεβηκόταgo in togetherVX · χαπαπν βαίνω + συνcircumstantial participleχαπαπν βαίνω + συν carries the verbal sense 'go in together' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
αὐτῷhe, she, itRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
ΖωσαραZosaraN DSF · Ζωσαραclause linkerΖωσαρα serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Zosara'.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
γυναικὶwife, womanN3K DSF · γυνήdative complementγυνή names the referent as 'wife, woman' here and functions as a dative complement.
αὐτοῦhe, she, itRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
φίλοιςfriendA1 DPM · φίλοςdative complementφίλος names the referent as 'friend' here and functions as a dative complement.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
εἶπανsayVAI AAI3P · εἶπονcircumstantial participleεἶπον carries the verbal sense 'say' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
πρὸςto, towardP · πρόςpreposition with accusativeπρός serves as a preposition with accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'to, toward'.
αὐτὸνhe, she, itRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
φίλοιfriendA1 NPM · φίλοςsubject / nominative complementφίλος names the referent as 'friend' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
καὶandC · καίclause coordinatorκαί serves as a clause coordinator, linking the clause with the sense 'and'.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
γυνήwife, womanN3K NSF · γυνήsubject / nominative complementγυνή names the referent as 'wife, woman' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
εἰifC · εἰclause linkerεἰ serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'if'.
ἐκἐκP · ἐκclause linkerἐκ serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'ἐκ'.
γένουςrace, lineageN3E GSN · γένοςgenitive modifierγένος names the referent as 'race, lineage' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
ΙουδαίωνJewN2 GPM · Ἰουδαῖοςgenitive modifierἸουδαῖος names the referent as 'Jew' here and functions as a genitive modifier.
ΜαρδοχαῖοςMordecaiN2 NSM · Μαρδοχαῖοςsubject / nominative complementΜαρδοχαῖος names the referent as 'Mordecai' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
ἦρξαιἄρχωVA AAN · ἄρχωcircumstantial participleἄρχω carries the verbal sense 'ἄρχω' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
ταπεινοῦσθαιhumbleV4 PMN · ταπεινόωmain verbταπεινόω carries the verbal sense 'humble' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
ἐνώπιονἐνώπιονP · ἐνώπιονclause linkerἐνώπιον serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'ἐνώπιον'.
αὐτοῦhe, she, itRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
πεσὼνfallingVB · ααπνσμ πίπτωcircumstantial participleααπνσμ πίπτω carries the verbal sense 'falling' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
πεσῇfallVF FMI2S · πίπτωmain verbπίπτω carries the verbal sense 'fall' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
οὐnotD · οὐnegatorοὐ serves as a negator, linking the clause with the sense 'not'.
μὴnotD · μήnegatorμή serves as a negator, linking the clause with the sense 'not'.
δύνῃbe ableV6 PMI2S · δύναμαιmain verbδύναμαι carries the verbal sense 'be able' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
αὐτὸνhe, she, itRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
ἀμύνασθαιresist, defendVA AMN · ἀμύνωcircumstantial participleἀμύνω carries the verbal sense 'resist, defend' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
ὅτιthat, becauseC · ὅτιcontent / causal markerὅτι serves as a content / causal marker, linking the clause with the sense 'that, because'.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςsubject / nominative complementθεός names the referent as 'God' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
ζῶνlivingV3 · παπνσμ ζάωcircumstantial participleπαπνσμ ζάω carries the verbal sense 'living' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
μετ'with, afterP · μετάpreposition with genitive/accusativeμετά serves as a preposition with genitive/accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'with, after'.
αὐτοῦhe, she, itRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
14
ἔτι αὐτῶν λαλούντων παραγίνονται οἱ εὐνοῦχοι ἐπισπεύδοντες τὸν Αμαν ἐπὶ τὸν πότον ὃν ἡτοίμασεν Εσθηρ
While they were still speaking, the eunuchs arrived, hurrying Haman to the banquet that Esther had prepared.
The chapter closes without giving Haman space to recover. Providence has turned the axis of the story, and Esther's banquet now arrives as the next stage of an already unfolding judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιclause linkerἔτι serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'still'.
αὐτῶνhe, she, itRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argumentThe pronoun points back to the relevant participant and supplies a pronominal modifier / argument with the sense 'he, she, it'.
λαλούντωνwhile speakingV2 · παπγπμ λαλέωcircumstantial participleπαπγπμ λαλέω carries the verbal sense 'while speaking' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
παραγίνονταιarrive, be presentV1 PMI3P · γίγνομαι + παραmain verbγίγνομαι + παρα carries the verbal sense 'arrive, be present' here and functions as a main verb within the narrative line.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
εὐνοῦχοιeunuchN2 NPM · εὐνοῦχοςsubject / nominative complementεὐνοῦχος names the referent as 'eunuch' here and functions as a subject / nominative complement.
ἐπισπεύδοντεςhasteningV1 · παπνπμ σπεύδω + ἐπιcircumstantial participleπαπνπμ σπεύδω + ἐπι carries the verbal sense 'hastening' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
ΑμανHamanN ASM · Αμανclause linkerΑμαν serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Haman'.
ἐπὶupon, onP · ἐπίpreposition with genitive/dative/accusativeἐπί serves as a preposition with genitive/dative/accusative, linking the clause with the sense 'upon, on'.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle / determinerThe article marks definiteness here and helps frame the accompanying noun within the clause as a article / determiner.
πότονdrinking feastN2 ASM · πότοςdirect object / accusative complementπότος names the referent as 'drinking feast' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ὃνwho, whichRR ASM · ὅςdirect object / accusative complementὅς names the referent as 'who, which' here and functions as a direct object / accusative complement.
ἡτοίμασενprepareVAI AAI3S · ἑτοιμάζωcircumstantial participleἑτοιμάζω carries the verbal sense 'prepare' here and functions as a circumstantial participle within the narrative line.
ΕσθηρEstherN NSF · Εσθηρclause linkerΕσθηρ serves as a clause linker, linking the clause with the sense 'Esther'.