1
εἰσῆλθεν δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ Αμαν συμπιεῖν τῇ βασιλίσσῃ
Then the king and Haman entered to drink with the queen.
The verse reopens the banquet scene in a single movement and places the king, Haman, and Esther together for the decisive exchange.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
εἰσῆλθενenteredVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςmain finite verb of the clause→ constative aorist presenting the event as a wholeἔρχομαι + εἰς: 'entered'; parse VBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰς. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with constative aorist presenting the event as a whole.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relationδέ: 'but'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as postpositive particle shaping clause relation.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA NSM · ὁ. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; parse N3V NSM · βασιλεύς. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as coordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clause.
ΑμανHamanN NSM · Αμανproper name or indeclinable element within the clauseΑμαν: 'Haman'; in this context it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the clause.
συμπιεῖνdrink togetherVB AAN · πίνω + συνinfinitive complement advancing the verbal idea→ infinitival verbal idea dependent on the governing expressionπίνω + συν: 'drink together'; parse VB AAN · πίνω + συν. In this verse the form serves as infinitive complement advancing the verbal idea, with infinitival verbal idea dependent on the governing expression.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁdative complement / reference or instrumentὁ: 'the'; parse RA DSF · ὁ. Here the form functions as dative complement / reference or instrument.
βασιλίσσῃqueenN1A DSF · βασίλισσαdative complement / reference or instrumentβασίλισσα: 'queen'; parse N1A DSF · βασίλισσα. Here the form functions as dative complement / reference or instrument.
2
εἶπεν δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς Εσθηρ τῇ δευτέρᾳ ἡμέρᾳ ἐν τῷ πότῳ τί ἐστιν Εσθηρ βασίλισσα καὶ τί τὸ αἴτημά σου καὶ τί τὸ ἀξίωμά σου καὶ ἔστω σοι ἕως τοῦ ἡμίσους τῆς βασιλείας μου
And on the second day, during the drinking-bout, the king said to Esther, “What is it, Queen Esther? And what is your petition? And what is your request? It shall be granted to you, even up to half of my kingdom.”
The king's repeated promise formalizes Esther's speaking turn; the banquet setting underscores that the request is now expected and legally invited.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain finite verb of the clause→ constative aorist presenting the event as a wholeεἶπον: 'said'; parse VBI AAI3S · εἶπον. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with constative aorist presenting the event as a whole.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relationδέ: 'but'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as postpositive particle shaping clause relation.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA NSM · ὁ. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; parse N3V NSM · βασιλεύς. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
ΕσθηρEstherN DSF · Εσθηρproper name or indeclinable element within the clauseΕσθηρ: 'Esther'; in this context it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁdative complement / reference or instrumentὁ: 'the'; parse RA DSF · ὁ. Here the form functions as dative complement / reference or instrument.
δευτέρᾳsecondA1A DSF · δεύτεροςdative complement / reference or instrumentδεύτερος: 'second'; parse A1A DSF · δεύτερος. Here the form functions as dative complement / reference or instrument.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative complement / reference or instrumentἡμέρα: 'day'; parse N1A DSF · ἡμέρα. Here the form functions as dative complement / reference or instrument.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: 'in'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as preposition governing its complement.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁdative complement / reference or instrumentὁ: 'the'; parse RA DSN · ὁ. Here the form functions as dative complement / reference or instrument.
πότῳdrinking-boutN2N DSN · πότοςdative complement / reference or instrumentπότος: 'drinking-bout'; parse N2N DSN · πότος. Here the form functions as dative complement / reference or instrument.
τίwhat?RI NSN · τίςnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseτίς: 'what?'; parse RI NSN · τίς. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain finite verb of the clause→ present/imperfective portrayal of the action in progress or as generally validεἰμί: 'be'; parse V9 PAI3S · εἰμί. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with present/imperfective portrayal of the action in progress or as generally valid.
ΕσθηρEstherN VSF · Εσθηρproper name or indeclinable element within the clauseΕσθηρ: 'Esther'; in this context it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the clause.
βασίλισσαqueenN1A VSF · βασίλισσαvocative of direct addressβασίλισσα: 'queen'; parse N1A VSF · βασίλισσα. Here the form functions as vocative of direct address.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as coordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clause.
τίwhat?RI NSN · τίςnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseτίς: 'what?'; parse RI NSN · τίς. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA NSN · ὁ. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
αἴτημάpetitionN3M NSN · αἴτημαnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseαἴτημα: 'petition'; parse N3M NSN · αἴτημα. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationσύ: 'you'; parse RP GS · σύ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as coordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clause.
τίwhat?RI NSN · τίςnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseτίς: 'what?'; parse RI NSN · τίς. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA NSN · ὁ. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
ἀξίωμάrequestN3M NSN · ἀξίωμαnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseἀξίωμα: 'request'; parse N3M NSN · ἀξίωμα. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationσύ: 'you'; parse RP GS · σύ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as coordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clause.
ἔστωbeV9 PAD3S · εἰμίjussive / directive finite verb in quoted speech→ directive / volitive force in the quoted command or wishεἰμί: 'be'; parse V9 PAD3S · εἰμί. In this verse the form serves as jussive / directive finite verb in quoted speech, with directive / volitive force in the quoted command or wish.
σοιyouRP DS · σύdative complement / reference or instrumentσύ: 'you'; parse RP DS · σύ. Here the form functions as dative complement / reference or instrument.
ἕωςheosP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complementἕως: 'heos'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as preposition governing its complement.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationὁ: 'the'; parse RA GSN · ὁ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
ἡμίσουςhalfA3U GSN · ἥμισυςgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationἥμισυς: 'half'; parse A3U GSN · ἥμισυς. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationὁ: 'the'; parse RA GSF · ὁ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationβασιλεία: 'kingdom'; parse N1A GSF · βασιλεία. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
μουI / weRP GS · ἐγώgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationἐγώ: 'I / we'; parse RP GS · ἐγώ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
3
καὶ ἀποκριθεῖσα εἶπεν εἰ εὗρον χάριν ἐνώπιον τοῦ βασιλέως δοθήτω ἡ ψυχή μου τῷ αἰτήματί μου καὶ ὁ λαός μου τῷ ἀξιώματί μου
And Esther answered and said, “If I have found favor before the king, let my life be given me at my petition, and my people at my request.”
Esther begins not with policy but with life: her own ψυχή and that of her people are joined, making the private and public cases inseparable.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as coordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clause.
ἀποκριθεῖσαansweringVC · αππνσφ κρίνω + ἀποmain finite verb of the clause→ verbal action framed by the clause contextκρίνω + ἀπο: 'answering'; parse VC · αππνσφ κρίνω + ἀπο. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with verbal action framed by the clause context.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain finite verb of the clause→ constative aorist presenting the event as a wholeεἶπον: 'said'; parse VBI AAI3S · εἶπον. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with constative aorist presenting the event as a whole.
εἰifC · εἰcoordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clauseεἰ: 'if'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as coordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clause.
εὗρονI have foundVB AAI1S · εὑρίσκωmain finite verb of the clause→ constative aorist presenting the event as a wholeεὑρίσκω: 'I have found'; parse VB AAI1S · εὑρίσκω. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with constative aorist presenting the event as a whole.
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςaccusative object / complement within the clauseχάρις: 'favor'; parse N3 ASF · χάρις. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
ἐνώπιονinP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing its complementἐνώπιον: 'in'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as preposition governing its complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationὁ: 'the'; parse RA GSM · ὁ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationβασιλεύς: 'king'; parse N3V GSM · βασιλεύς. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
δοθήτωgrantVC APD3S · δίδωμιjussive / directive finite verb in quoted speech→ directive / volitive force in the quoted command or wishδίδωμι: 'grant'; parse VC APD3S · δίδωμι. In this verse the form serves as jussive / directive finite verb in quoted speech, with directive / volitive force in the quoted command or wish.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA NSF · ὁ. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
ψυχήlifeN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseψυχή: 'life'; parse N1 NSF · ψυχή. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
μουI / weRP GS · ἐγώgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationἐγώ: 'I / we'; parse RP GS · ἐγώ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁdative complement / reference or instrumentὁ: 'the'; parse RA DSN · ὁ. Here the form functions as dative complement / reference or instrument.
αἰτήματίpetitionN3M DSN · αἴτημαdative complement / reference or instrumentαἴτημα: 'petition'; parse N3M DSN · αἴτημα. Here the form functions as dative complement / reference or instrument.
μουI / weRP GS · ἐγώgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationἐγώ: 'I / we'; parse RP GS · ἐγώ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as coordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA NSM · ὁ. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseλαός: 'people'; parse N2 NSM · λαός. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
μουI / weRP GS · ἐγώgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationἐγώ: 'I / we'; parse RP GS · ἐγώ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁdative complement / reference or instrumentὁ: 'the'; parse RA DSN · ὁ. Here the form functions as dative complement / reference or instrument.
ἀξιώματίrequestN3M DSN · ἀξίωμαdative complement / reference or instrumentἀξίωμα: 'request'; parse N3M DSN · ἀξίωμα. Here the form functions as dative complement / reference or instrument.
μουI / weRP GS · ἐγώgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationἐγώ: 'I / we'; parse RP GS · ἐγώ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
4
ἐπράθημεν γὰρ ἐγώ τε καὶ ὁ λαός μου εἰς ἀπώλειαν καὶ διαρπαγὴν καὶ δουλείαν ἡμεῖς καὶ τὰ τέκνα ἡμῶν εἰς παῖδας καὶ παιδίσκας καὶ παρήκουσα οὐ γὰρ ἄξιος ὁ διάβολος τῆς αὐλῆς τοῦ βασιλέως
“For I and my people have been sold over to destruction and plundering and slavery, we and our children, for male and female slaves. I kept silence, for the slanderer is not worthy of the king's court.”
The explanation specifies the content of the danger and justifies Esther's plea. The triad destruction-plunder-slavery makes the decree sound like total dispossession, while ὁ διάβολος brands Haman as the malicious accuser within the court.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
ἐπράθημενwe were soldVCI API1P · πιπράσκωmain finite verb of the clause→ aorist passive event viewed as effected upon the subjectπιπράσκω: 'we were sold'; parse VCI API1P · πιπράσκω. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with aorist passive event viewed as effected upon the subject.
γὰρforX · γάρpostpositive particle shaping clause relationγάρ: 'for'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as postpositive particle shaping clause relation.
ἐγώI / weRP NS · ἐγώnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseἐγώ: 'I / we'; parse RP NS · ἐγώ. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
τεandX TEproper name or indeclinable element within the clauseτε: 'and'; in this context it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as coordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA NSM · ὁ. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseλαός: 'people'; parse N2 NSM · λαός. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
μουI / weRP GS · ἐγώgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationἐγώ: 'I / we'; parse RP GS · ἐγώ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: 'into'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as preposition governing its complement.
ἀπώλειανdestructionN1A ASF · ἀπώλειαaccusative object / complement within the clauseἀπώλεια: 'destruction'; parse N1A ASF · ἀπώλεια. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as coordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clause.
διαρπαγὴνplunderN1 ASF · διαρπαγήaccusative object / complement within the clauseδιαρπαγή: 'plunder'; parse N1 ASF · διαρπαγή. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as coordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clause.
δουλείανdoyleianN1A ASF · δουλείαaccusative object / complement within the clauseδουλεία: 'doyleian'; parse N1A ASF · δουλεία. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
ἡμεῖςI / weRP NP · ἐγώnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseἐγώ: 'I / we'; parse RP NP · ἐγώ. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as coordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA NPN · ὁ. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
τέκναchildN2N NPN · τέκνονnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseτέκνον: 'child'; parse N2N NPN · τέκνον. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
ἡμῶνI / weRP GP · ἐγώgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationἐγώ: 'I / we'; parse RP GP · ἐγώ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: 'into'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as preposition governing its complement.
παῖδαςservantN3D APM · παῖςaccusative object / complement within the clauseπαῖς: 'servant'; parse N3D APM · παῖς. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as coordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clause.
παιδίσκαςfemale slaveN1 APF · παιδίσκηaccusative object / complement within the clauseπαιδίσκη: 'female slave'; parse N1 APF · παιδίσκη. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as coordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clause.
παρήκουσαI kept silenceVAI AAI1S · ἀκούω + παραmain finite verb of the clause→ constative aorist presenting the event as a wholeἀκούω + παρα: 'I kept silence'; parse VAI AAI1S · ἀκούω + παρα. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with constative aorist presenting the event as a whole.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial particle qualifying the assertionοὐ: 'not'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as adverbial particle qualifying the assertion.
γὰρforX · γάρpostpositive particle shaping clause relationγάρ: 'for'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as postpositive particle shaping clause relation.
ἄξιοςworthyA1A NSM · ἄξιοςnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseἄξιος: 'worthy'; parse A1A NSM · ἄξιος. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA NSM · ὁ. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
διάβολοςslandererN2 NSM · διάβολοςnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseδιάβολος: 'slanderer'; parse N2 NSM · διάβολος. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationὁ: 'the'; parse RA GSF · ὁ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
αὐλῆςcourtN1 GSF · αὐλήgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationαὐλή: 'court'; parse N1 GSF · αὐλή. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationὁ: 'the'; parse RA GSM · ὁ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationβασιλεύς: 'king'; parse N3V GSM · βασιλεύς. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
5
εἶπεν δὲ ὁ βασιλεύς τίς οὗτος ὅστις ἐτόλμησεν ποιῆσαι τὸ πρᾶγμα τοῦτο
And the king said, “Who is this one who dared to do this thing?”
The king's question is abrupt and judicial: the issue is no longer whether Esther has a petition but who has dared to enact such a design.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain finite verb of the clause→ constative aorist presenting the event as a wholeεἶπον: 'said'; parse VBI AAI3S · εἶπον. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with constative aorist presenting the event as a whole.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relationδέ: 'but'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as postpositive particle shaping clause relation.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA NSM · ὁ. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
βασιλεύςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; parse N3V NSM · βασιλεύς. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
τίςwho?RI NSM · τίςnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseτίς: 'who?'; parse RI NSM · τίς. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
οὗτοςthis oneRD NSM · οὗτοςnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseοὗτος: 'this one'; parse RD NSM · οὗτος. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
ὅστιςwhoever / the one whoRX NSM · ὅστιςnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseὅστις: 'whoever / the one who'; parse RX NSM · ὅστις. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
ἐτόλμησενdareVAI AAI3S · τολμάωmain finite verb of the clause→ constative aorist presenting the event as a wholeτολμάω: 'dare'; parse VAI AAI3S · τολμάω. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with constative aorist presenting the event as a whole.
ποιῆσαιdoVA AAN · ποιέωinfinitive complement advancing the verbal idea→ infinitival verbal idea dependent on the governing expressionποιέω: 'do'; parse VA AAN · ποιέω. In this verse the form serves as infinitive complement advancing the verbal idea, with infinitival verbal idea dependent on the governing expression.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative object / complement within the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA ASN · ὁ. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
πρᾶγμαmatterN3M ASN · πρᾶγμαaccusative object / complement within the clauseπρᾶγμα: 'matter'; parse N3M ASN · πρᾶγμα. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςaccusative object / complement within the clauseοὗτος: 'this'; parse RD ASN · οὗτος. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
6
εἶπεν δὲ Εσθηρ ἄνθρωπος ἐχθρὸς Αμαν ὁ πονηρὸς οὗτος Αμαν δὲ ἐταράχθη ἀπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ τῆς βασιλίσσης
And Esther said, “An enemy: this wicked Haman.” And Haman was terrified before the king and the queen.
Esther names Haman directly and appends the evaluative label “this wicked one,” transforming suspicion into explicit indictment.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain finite verb of the clause→ constative aorist presenting the event as a wholeεἶπον: 'said'; parse VBI AAI3S · εἶπον. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with constative aorist presenting the event as a whole.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relationδέ: 'but'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as postpositive particle shaping clause relation.
ΕσθηρEstherN NSF · Εσθηρproper name or indeclinable element within the clauseΕσθηρ: 'Esther'; in this context it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the clause.
ἄνθρωποςhuman beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseἄνθρωπος: 'human being'; parse N2 NSM · ἄνθρωπος. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
ἐχθρὸςenemyA1A NSM · ἐχθρόςnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseἐχθρός: 'enemy'; parse A1A NSM · ἐχθρός. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
ΑμανHamanN NSM · Αμανproper name or indeclinable element within the clauseΑμαν: 'Haman'; in this context it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA NSM · ὁ. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
πονηρὸςevilA1A NSM · πονηρόςnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseπονηρός: 'evil'; parse A1A NSM · πονηρός. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
οὗτοςthis oneRD NSM · οὗτοςnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseοὗτος: 'this one'; parse RD NSM · οὗτος. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
ΑμανHamanN NSM · Αμανproper name or indeclinable element within the clauseΑμαν: 'Haman'; in this context it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relationδέ: 'but'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as postpositive particle shaping clause relation.
ἐταράχθηtroubleVQI API3S · ταράσσωmain finite verb of the clause→ aorist passive event viewed as effected upon the subjectταράσσω: 'trouble'; parse VQI API3S · ταράσσω. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with aorist passive event viewed as effected upon the subject.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complementἀπό: 'from'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as preposition governing its complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationὁ: 'the'; parse RA GSM · ὁ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationβασιλεύς: 'king'; parse N3V GSM · βασιλεύς. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as coordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationὁ: 'the'; parse RA GSF · ὁ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
βασιλίσσηςqueenN1S GSF · βασίλισσαgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationβασίλισσα: 'queen'; parse N1S GSF · βασίλισσα. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
7
ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς ἐξανέστη ἐκ τοῦ συμποσίου εἰς τὸν κῆπον ὁ δὲ Αμαν παρῃτεῖτο τὴν βασίλισσαν ἑώρα γὰρ ἑαυτὸν ἐν κακοῖς ὄντα
And the king rose up from the banquet into the garden, but Haman kept begging the queen, for he saw himself standing in calamities.
The king's withdrawal signals anger and calculation, while Haman's begging marks his loss of status and his recognition that judgment is already falling.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA NSM · ὁ. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relationδέ: 'but'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as postpositive particle shaping clause relation.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; parse N3V NSM · βασιλεύς. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
ἐξανέστηrise up and leaveVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἐκ + ἀναmain finite verb of the clause→ constative aorist presenting the event as a wholeἵστημι + ἐκ + ἀνα: 'rise up and leave'; parse VHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἐκ + ἀνα. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with constative aorist presenting the event as a whole.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complementἐκ: 'from'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as preposition governing its complement.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationὁ: 'the'; parse RA GSN · ὁ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
συμποσίουbanquetN2N GSN · συμπόσιονgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationσυμπόσιον: 'banquet'; parse N2N GSN · συμπόσιον. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: 'into'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as preposition governing its complement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative object / complement within the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA ASM · ὁ. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
κῆπονgardenN2 ASM · κῆποςaccusative object / complement within the clauseκῆπος: 'garden'; parse N2 ASM · κῆπος. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA NSM · ὁ. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relationδέ: 'but'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as postpositive particle shaping clause relation.
ΑμανHamanN NSM · Αμανproper name or indeclinable element within the clauseΑμαν: 'Haman'; in this context it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the clause.
παρῃτεῖτοkept beggingV2I IMI3S · αἰτέω + παραmain finite verb of the clause→ imperfective backgrounding / ongoing portrayalαἰτέω + παρα: 'kept begging'; parse V2I IMI3S · αἰτέω + παρα. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with imperfective backgrounding / ongoing portrayal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative object / complement within the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA ASF · ὁ. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
βασίλισσανqueenN1A ASF · βασίλισσαaccusative object / complement within the clauseβασίλισσα: 'queen'; parse N1A ASF · βασίλισσα. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
ἑώραseeV3I IAI3S · ὁράωmain finite verb of the clause→ imperfective backgrounding / ongoing portrayalὁράω: 'see'; parse V3I IAI3S · ὁράω. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with imperfective backgrounding / ongoing portrayal.
γὰρforX · γάρpostpositive particle shaping clause relationγάρ: 'for'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as postpositive particle shaping clause relation.
ἑαυτὸνhimselfRD ASM · ἑαυτοῦaccusative object / complement within the clauseἑαυτοῦ: 'himself'; parse RD ASM · ἑαυτοῦ. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: 'in'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as preposition governing its complement.
κακοῖςevilA1 DPN · κακόςdative complement / reference or instrumentκακός: 'evil'; parse A1 DPN · κακός. Here the form functions as dative complement / reference or instrument.
ὄνταbeV9 · παπασμ εἰμίmain finite verb of the clause→ verbal action framed by the clause contextεἰμί: 'be'; parse V9 · παπασμ εἰμί. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with verbal action framed by the clause context.
8
ἐπέστρεψεν δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐκ τοῦ κήπου Αμαν δὲ ἐπιπεπτώκει ἐπὶ τὴν κλίνην ἀξιῶν τὴν βασίλισσαν εἶπεν δὲ ὁ βασιλεύς ὥστε καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα βιάζῃ ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ μου Αμαν δὲ ἀκούσας διετράπη τῷ προσώπῳ
And the king returned from the garden, while Haman had fallen upon the couch, pleading with the queen. And the king said, “So then, will you even force the woman in my own house?” And Haman, when he heard it, was covered with shame in his face.
The king returns to find Haman collapsed at Esther's couch; whether or not the physical act is innocent, the optics are politically fatal and furnish the king with a final condemnatory frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
ἐπέστρεψενturned backVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἐπιmain finite verb of the clause→ constative aorist presenting the event as a wholeστρέφω + ἐπι: 'turned back'; parse VAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἐπι. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with constative aorist presenting the event as a whole.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relationδέ: 'but'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as postpositive particle shaping clause relation.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA NSM · ὁ. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; parse N3V NSM · βασιλεύς. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complementἐκ: 'from'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as preposition governing its complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationὁ: 'the'; parse RA GSM · ὁ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
κήπουgardenN2 GSM · κῆποςgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationκῆπος: 'garden'; parse N2 GSM · κῆπος. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
ΑμανHamanN NSM · Αμανproper name or indeclinable element within the clauseΑμαν: 'Haman'; in this context it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relationδέ: 'but'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as postpositive particle shaping clause relation.
ἐπιπεπτώκειhad fallen uponVX XAI3S · πίπτω + ἐπιmain finite verb of the clause→ verbal action framed by the clause contextπίπτω + ἐπι: 'had fallen upon'; parse VX XAI3S · πίπτω + ἐπι. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with verbal action framed by the clause context.
ἐπὶupon / onP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: 'upon / on'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as preposition governing its complement.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative object / complement within the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA ASF · ὁ. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
κλίνηνcouchN1 ASF · κλίνηaccusative object / complement within the clauseκλίνη: 'couch'; parse N1 ASF · κλίνη. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
ἀξιῶνentreatV4 · παπνσμ ἀξιόωmain finite verb of the clause→ verbal action framed by the clause contextἀξιόω: 'entreat'; parse V4 · παπνσμ ἀξιόω. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with verbal action framed by the clause context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative object / complement within the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA ASF · ὁ. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
βασίλισσανqueenN1A ASF · βασίλισσαaccusative object / complement within the clauseβασίλισσα: 'queen'; parse N1A ASF · βασίλισσα. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain finite verb of the clause→ constative aorist presenting the event as a wholeεἶπον: 'said'; parse VBI AAI3S · εἶπον. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with constative aorist presenting the event as a whole.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relationδέ: 'but'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as postpositive particle shaping clause relation.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA NSM · ὁ. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
βασιλεύςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; parse N3V NSM · βασιλεύς. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
ὥστεso thatC · ὥστεcoordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clauseὥστε: 'so that'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as coordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clause.
καὶandD · καίadverbial particle qualifying the assertionκαί: 'and'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as adverbial particle qualifying the assertion.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative object / complement within the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA ASF · ὁ. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
γυναῖκαwifeN3K ASF · γυνήaccusative object / complement within the clauseγυνή: 'wife'; parse N3K ASF · γυνή. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
βιάζῃassaultV1 PMI2S · βιάζομαιmain finite verb of the clause→ present/imperfective portrayal of the action in progress or as generally validβιάζομαι: 'assault'; parse V1 PMI2S · βιάζομαι. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with present/imperfective portrayal of the action in progress or as generally valid.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: 'in'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as preposition governing its complement.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁdative complement / reference or instrumentὁ: 'the'; parse RA DSF · ὁ. Here the form functions as dative complement / reference or instrument.
οἰκίᾳhouseN1A DSF · οἰκίαdative complement / reference or instrumentοἰκία: 'house'; parse N1A DSF · οἰκία. Here the form functions as dative complement / reference or instrument.
μουI / weRP GS · ἐγώgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationἐγώ: 'I / we'; parse RP GS · ἐγώ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
ΑμανHamanN NSM · Αμανproper name or indeclinable element within the clauseΑμαν: 'Haman'; in this context it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relationδέ: 'but'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as postpositive particle shaping clause relation.
ἀκούσαςafter hearingVA · ααπνσμ ἀκούωmain finite verb of the clause→ verbal action framed by the clause contextἀκούω: 'after hearing'; parse VA · ααπνσμ ἀκούω. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with verbal action framed by the clause context.
διετράπηcover in shameVDI API3S · τρέπω + διαmain finite verb of the clause→ aorist passive event viewed as effected upon the subjectτρέπω + δια: 'cover in shame'; parse VDI API3S · τρέπω + δια. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with aorist passive event viewed as effected upon the subject.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁdative complement / reference or instrumentὁ: 'the'; parse RA DSN · ὁ. Here the form functions as dative complement / reference or instrument.
προσώπῳfaceN2N DSN · πρόσωπονdative complement / reference or instrumentπρόσωπον: 'face'; parse N2N DSN · πρόσωπον. Here the form functions as dative complement / reference or instrument.
9
εἶπεν δὲ Βουγαθαν εἷς τῶν εὐνούχων πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα ἰδοὺ καὶ ξύλον ἡτοίμασεν Αμαν Μαρδοχαίῳ τῷ λαλήσαντι περὶ τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ ὤρθωται ἐν τοῖς Αμαν ξύλον πηχῶν πεντήκοντα εἶπεν δὲ ὁ βασιλεύς σταυρωθήτω ἐπ' αὐτοῦ
And Bougathan, one of the eunuchs, said to the king, “Behold, Haman has even prepared a timber for Mordecai, who spoke on the king's behalf, and it stands upright at Haman's house, fifty cubits high.” And the king said, “Let him be impaled upon it.”
The eunuch supplies the decisive piece of remembered evidence, and the king answers at once with an execution order that turns Haman's own preparation against him.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain finite verb of the clause→ constative aorist presenting the event as a wholeεἶπον: 'said'; parse VBI AAI3S · εἶπον. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with constative aorist presenting the event as a whole.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relationδέ: 'but'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as postpositive particle shaping clause relation.
ΒουγαθανBougathanN NSM · Βουγαθανproper name or indeclinable element within the clauseΒουγαθαν: 'Bougathan'; in this context it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the clause.
εἷςintoM NSM · εἷςproper name or indeclinable element within the clauseεἷς: 'into'; in this context it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationὁ: 'the'; parse RA GPM · ὁ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
εὐνούχωνeunuchN2 GPM · εὐνοῦχοςgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationεὐνοῦχος: 'eunuch'; parse N2 GPM · εὐνοῦχος. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: 'toward'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as preposition governing its complement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative object / complement within the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA ASM · ὁ. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative object / complement within the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; parse N3V ASM · βασιλεύς. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούdeictic particle drawing attentionἰδού: 'behold'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as deictic particle drawing attention.
καὶandD · καίadverbial particle qualifying the assertionκαί: 'and'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as adverbial particle qualifying the assertion.
ξύλονtimber / gallowsN2N ASN · ξύλονaccusative object / complement within the clauseξύλον: 'timber / gallows'; parse N2N ASN · ξύλον. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
ἡτοίμασενprepareVAI AAI3S · ἑτοιμάζωmain finite verb of the clause→ constative aorist presenting the event as a wholeἑτοιμάζω: 'prepare'; parse VAI AAI3S · ἑτοιμάζω. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with constative aorist presenting the event as a whole.
ΑμανHamanN NSM · Αμανproper name or indeclinable element within the clauseΑμαν: 'Haman'; in this context it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the clause.
ΜαρδοχαίῳMordecaiN2 DSM · Μαρδοχαῖοςdative complement / reference or instrumentΜαρδοχαῖος: 'Mordecai'; parse N2 DSM · Μαρδοχαῖος. Here the form functions as dative complement / reference or instrument.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁdative complement / reference or instrumentὁ: 'the'; parse RA DSM · ὁ. Here the form functions as dative complement / reference or instrument.
λαλήσαντιspeakVA · ααπδσμ λαλέωmain finite verb of the clause→ verbal action framed by the clause contextλαλέω: 'speak'; parse VA · ααπδσμ λαλέω. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with verbal action framed by the clause context.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complementπερί: 'concerning'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as preposition governing its complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationὁ: 'the'; parse RA GSM · ὁ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationβασιλεύς: 'king'; parse N3V GSM · βασιλεύς. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as coordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clause.
ὤρθωταιhas been set upVAI AMI3S · ὀρθόωmain finite verb of the clause→ verbal action framed by the clause contextὀρθόω: 'has been set up'; parse VAI AMI3S · ὀρθόω. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with verbal action framed by the clause context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: 'in'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as preposition governing its complement.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁdative complement / reference or instrumentὁ: 'the'; parse RA DPM · ὁ. Here the form functions as dative complement / reference or instrument.
ΑμανHamanN GSM · Αμανproper name or indeclinable element within the clauseΑμαν: 'Haman'; in this context it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the clause.
ξύλονtimber / gallowsN2N NSN · ξύλονnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseξύλον: 'timber / gallows'; parse N2N NSN · ξύλον. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
πηχῶνcubitN3U GPM · πῆχυςgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationπῆχυς: 'cubit'; parse N3U GPM · πῆχυς. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
πεντήκονταfiftyM · πεντήκονταproper name or indeclinable element within the clauseπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; in this context it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the clause.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain finite verb of the clause→ constative aorist presenting the event as a wholeεἶπον: 'said'; parse VBI AAI3S · εἶπον. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with constative aorist presenting the event as a whole.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relationδέ: 'but'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as postpositive particle shaping clause relation.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA NSM · ὁ. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
βασιλεύςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; parse N3V NSM · βασιλεύς. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
σταυρωθήτωimpaleVA APD3S · σταυρόωjussive / directive finite verb in quoted speech→ directive / volitive force in the quoted command or wishσταυρόω: 'impale'; parse VA APD3S · σταυρόω. In this verse the form serves as jussive / directive finite verb in quoted speech, with directive / volitive force in the quoted command or wish.
ἐπ'upon / onP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: 'upon / on'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as preposition governing its complement.
αὐτοῦsame / her / himRD GSN · αὐτόςgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationαὐτός: 'same / her / him'; parse RD GSN · αὐτός. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
10
καὶ ἐκρεμάσθη Αμαν ἐπὶ τοῦ ξύλου ὃ ἡτοίμασεν Μαρδοχαίῳ καὶ τότε ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐκόπασεν τοῦ θυμοῦ
And Haman was hanged upon the timber that he had prepared for Mordecai, and then the king's anger grew calm.
The narrative closes the loop: the timber intended for Mordecai receives Haman instead, and the calming of the king's wrath marks the scene's judicial completion.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as coordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clause.
ἐκρεμάσθηhangVSI API3S · κρεμάζωmain finite verb of the clause→ aorist passive event viewed as effected upon the subjectκρεμάζω: 'hang'; parse VSI API3S · κρεμάζω. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with aorist passive event viewed as effected upon the subject.
ΑμανHamanN NSM · Αμανproper name or indeclinable element within the clauseΑμαν: 'Haman'; in this context it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the clause.
ἐπὶupon / onP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: 'upon / on'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as preposition governing its complement.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationὁ: 'the'; parse RA GSN · ὁ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
ξύλουtimber / gallowsN2N GSN · ξύλονgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationξύλον: 'timber / gallows'; parse N2N GSN · ξύλον. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
ὃwho / whichRR ASN · ὅςaccusative object / complement within the clauseὅς: 'who / which'; parse RR ASN · ὅς. Here the form functions as accusative object / complement within the clause.
ἡτοίμασενprepareVAI AAI3S · ἑτοιμάζωmain finite verb of the clause→ constative aorist presenting the event as a wholeἑτοιμάζω: 'prepare'; parse VAI AAI3S · ἑτοιμάζω. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with constative aorist presenting the event as a whole.
ΜαρδοχαίῳMordecaiN2 DSM · Μαρδοχαῖοςdative complement / reference or instrumentΜαρδοχαῖος: 'Mordecai'; parse N2 DSM · Μαρδοχαῖος. Here the form functions as dative complement / reference or instrument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as coordinating / subordinating conjunction linking the clause.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial particle qualifying the assertionτότε: 'then'; this small connective or particle shapes the clause flow as adverbial particle qualifying the assertion.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseὁ: 'the'; parse RA NSM · ὁ. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative subject / predicate element in the clauseβασιλεύς: 'king'; parse N3V NSM · βασιλεύς. Here the form functions as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
ἐκόπασενshe ceasedVAI AAI3S · κοπάζωmain finite verb of the clause→ constative aorist presenting the event as a wholeκοπάζω: 'she ceased'; parse VAI AAI3S · κοπάζω. In this verse the form serves as main finite verb of the clause, with constative aorist presenting the event as a whole.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationὁ: 'the'; parse RA GSM · ὁ. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
θυμοῦangerN2 GSM · θυμόςgenitive dependent modifier / possession relationθυμός: 'anger'; parse N2 GSM · θυμός. Here the form functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.