1
καὶ ταῦτά ἐστιν ἃ ποιήσεις αὐτοῖς ἁγιάσαι αὐτοὺς ὥστε ἱερατεύειν μοι αὐτούς λήμψῃ μοσχάριον ἐκ βοῶν ἓν καὶ κριοὺς δύο ἀμώμους
And these are the things which you shall do for them, to sanctify them so that they may serve me as priests: you shall take one young bull from the herd and two unblemished rams,
The formula καὶ ταῦτά ἐστιν ἃ ποιήσεις ('and these are the things you shall do') opens the consecration prescription as a self-contained instructional unit, recapitulated verbatim at v. 38 for the daily-offering legislation. The infinitives ἁγιάσαι and ἱερατεύειν state the twofold purpose — sanctification issuing in priestly service — and the future λήμψῃ launches the long chain of legislative futures that governs the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῦτάthese thingsNominativesubject (neuter plural demonstrative, predicated by ἐστιν)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: the neuter plural ταῦτα heads the prescription and refers forward (cataphoric) to the ordination acts enumerated in vv. 1–37; the same heading καὶ ταῦτά ἐστιν ἃ ποιήσεις recurs at v. 38 to open the daily-offering law.
ἐστινis / arePres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (linking ταῦτα to the relative clause)→ stative present (timeless legislative identification)εἰμί: 'be'; the singular verb agrees with the neuter plural subject (τὰ ζῷα φρονεῖ rule — neuter plural takes singular verb); the copula introduces the legislative content as a settled, present prescription.
ἃwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (neuter plural, direct object of ποιήσεις)→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ, ὅ: the relative ἃ (acc. n. pl.) takes ταῦτα as antecedent; the relative clause defines the content of the prescribed acts.
ποιήσειςyou shall do / makeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause (legislative future addressed to Moses)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall', rendering Hebrew weqāṭal)ποιέω: 'do / make / perform'; renders עָשָׂה; the second-person future is the LXX's standard rendering of the Hebrew imperfect/weqāṭal of ritual instruction — a binding 'you shall do', not a mere prediction; it recurs as the dominant verb-form of the chapter.
αὐτοῖςfor themDativedative of advantage ('for them' = Aaron and his sons)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: the dative αὐτοῖς refers to Aaron and his sons (named in v. 4); the dative of advantage marks them as the beneficiaries of the consecration ritual Moses is to perform.
ἁγιάσαιto sanctifyAor Act Inf · ἁγιάζωinfinitive of purpose (first purpose: sanctification)→ ingressive aorist infinitive (purpose of the rite: to make holy)ἁγιάζω: 'make holy / consecrate / set apart'; renders קִדֵּשׁ (Piel); the verb governs the entire ordination theology of the chapter (cf. vv. 27, 33, 36, 37, 44) — to sanctify is to transfer persons and objects from common to cultic use, fitting them for divine service.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of ἁγιάσαι→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἁγιάσαι.
ὥστεso as toconjunction introducing result/purpose infinitive→ discourse linkage or contrastὥστε: 'so that / so as to'; with the infinitive (ἱερατεύειν) it expresses the intended result of the sanctification — the goal of consecration is priestly service to YHWH.
ἱερατεύεινto serve as priestPres Act Inf · ἱερατεύωinfinitive with ὥστε (purpose/result: priestly ministry)→ durative present infinitive (ongoing priestly service)ἱερατεύω: 'serve as priest / minister in the priesthood'; renders כִּהֵן (Piel); the present infinitive frames priesthood as a continuing office, not a single act; the same verb closes the chapter at v. 44 (Ααρων … ἁγιάσω ἱερατεύειν μοι), framing the whole consecration.
μοιto meDativedative of advantage (the priesthood is service to YHWH)→ participant reference or interestἐγώ: the first-person dative marks the priesthood as service rendered directly to YHWH; the divine 'me' personalizes the cult — Aaron's ministry is to the LORD himself.
αὐτούςthey / themAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive ἱερατεύειν→ participant referenceαὐτός: the accusative αὐτούς is the subject of the infinitive ἱερατεύειν ('that they may serve as priests'), a normal Greek accusative-with-infinitive construction.
λήμψῃyou shall takeFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (first prescriptive act: procurement of victims)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall take')λαμβάνω: 'take / receive'; the deponent-future middle λήμψῃ (Koine form of λήψῃ) renders לָקַח; this is the chapter's most frequent prescriptive verb (vv. 5, 7, 12, 13, 15, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, 31), each time initiating a new ritual action with a fresh object.
μοσχάριονyoung bull / calfAccusativedirect object of λήμψῃ (first victim)→ object specificationμοσχάριον: diminutive of μόσχος, 'young bull / calf'; renders פַּר בֶּן־בָּקָר ('a bull, son of the herd'); this animal becomes the sin-offering of vv. 10–14 (where it is also called μόσχος); the diminutive marks a young, prime beast.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source/partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source/partitive).
βοῶνof the herd / cattleGenitivegenitive of source (partitive: 'from the herd')→ relational specificationβοῦς (gen. pl. βοῶν): 'ox / cow / head of cattle'; renders בָּקָר; the phrase ἐκ βοῶν ('from the herd') specifies the bull's provenance as domesticated cattle, the appropriate stock for the most solemn sin-offering.
ἓνoneAccusativenumeral adjective (neuter, agreeing with μοσχάριον)→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the neuter ἕν agrees with μοσχάριον, specifying a single bull over against the two rams that follow.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κριοὺςramsAccusativedirect object of λήμψῃ (second and third victims)→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; renders אַיִל; the two rams are distinguished in what follows as the burnt-offering ram (vv. 15–18) and the κριὸς τελειώσεως, the 'ram of consecration' (vv. 19–28); the ram is the characteristic victim of ordination.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (indeclinable, modifying κριούς)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the (largely indeclinable) numeral marks the pair of rams essential to the rite — one consumed wholly to God, one shared in the consecration meal.
ἀμώμουςwithout blemishAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying κριούς)→ object specificationἄμωμος: 'unblemished / without spot'; renders תָּמִים ('perfect / whole'); the requirement of physical perfection in sacrificial animals (cf. Lev 1:3, 10) is taken up typologically in the NT (ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος, 1 Pet 1:19; Heb 9:14) of Christ's flawless self-offering.
2
καὶ ἄρτους ἀζύμους πεφυραμένους ἐν ἐλαίῳ καὶ λάγανα ἄζυμα κεχρισμένα ἐν ἐλαίῳ σεμίδαλιν ἐκ πυρῶν ποιήσεις αὐτά
and unleavened loaves mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil; of fine wheat flour you shall make them.
The verse continues the object-list of λήμψῃ/ποιήσεις from v. 1, adding the grain accompaniments to the animal victims. The threefold cereal specification — loaves, oil-mixed cakes, and oil-anointed wafers, all of fine wheat flour and unleavened — anticipates the meal-portions of vv. 23, 32; the verb ποιήσεις resumes from v. 1, governing αὐτά.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing the object-list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄρτουςloaves / breadAccusativedirect object (continuing λήμψῃ/ποιήσεις)→ object specificationἄρτος: 'bread / loaf'; renders לֶחֶם / חַלּוֹת; these loaves form part of the consecration meal and the wave-offering of v. 23; together with the cakes and wafers they constitute the threefold unleavened bread of ordination.
ἀζύμουςunleavenedAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἄρτους)→ object specificationἄζυμος: 'unleavened'; renders מַצּוֹת; leaven (ζύμη), as an agent of fermentation/corruption, is excluded from offerings made by fire (cf. Lev 2:11); the unleavened state symbolizes purity and the haste/holiness of cultic bread.
πεφυραμένουςmixed / kneadedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Pl Masc · φυράωattributive participle (modifying ἄρτους)→ resultative perfect participle (settled state: 'having been mixed')φυράω: 'mix / knead / moisten'; renders בָּלַל; the perfect passive participle denotes the finished state of the dough — loaves thoroughly worked together with oil; the same participle recurs of the fine flour at v. 40.
ἐνwith / inpreposition + dative (instrumental: 'with oil')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrumental: 'with oil').
ἐλαίῳoilDativedative of means (the oil mixed into the loaves)→ sphere or referenceἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; renders שֶׁמֶן; oil saturates the consecration imagery of the chapter — mixed into bread (vv. 2, 40), as the anointing chrism poured on Aaron's head (v. 7), and sprinkled with blood (v. 21); it is the medium of sanctification par excellence.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λάγαναwafers / thin cakesAccusativedirect object (second cereal item)→ object specificationλάγανον: 'thin cake / wafer'; renders רְקִיק; a flat, thin baked good distinguished from the thicker ἄρτος; one such wafer is included in the wave-offering at v. 23, showing the careful enumeration of the consecration bread.
ἄζυμαunleavenedAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying λάγανα)→ object specificationἄζυμος: 'unleavened'; here neuter plural agreeing with λάγανα; the repeated insistence on unleavened cereal underscores cultic purity.
κεχρισμέναanointed / smearedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Pl Neut · χρίωattributive participle (modifying λάγανα)→ resultative perfect participle (settled state: 'having been anointed')χρίω: 'anoint / smear'; renders מָשַׁח; whereas the loaves are 'mixed' (πεφυραμένους) with oil throughout, the wafers are 'anointed' (κεχρισμένα), brushed on the surface; the cognate noun χρίσμα ('chrism') and the verb χρίσεις (anointing Aaron, v. 7) belong to the same Messianic root (χριστός).
ἐνwith / inpreposition + dative (instrumental: 'with oil')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrumental: 'with oil').
ἐλαίῳoilDativedative of means (the oil brushed on the wafers)→ sphere or referenceἐλαίῳ: meaning 'oil'; it serves as dative of means (the oil brushed on the wafers).
σεμίδαλινfine flourAccusativeaccusative of material (the substance from which both are made)→ object specificationσεμίδαλις: 'fine wheat flour / semolina'; renders סֹלֶת; the finest milled flour, reserved for cereal offerings (cf. Lev 2:1); placed forward as accusative of material — 'of fine flour ... you shall make them'; the same flour reappears in the daily offering at v. 40.
ἐκfrom / ofpreposition + genitive (source/material)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source/material).
πυρῶνof wheatGenitivegenitive of source (the grain of the flour)→ relational specificationπυρός (gen. pl. πυρῶν): 'wheat'; renders חִטִּים; ἐκ πυρῶν ('of wheat') specifies that the σεμίδαλις is wheaten flour, the prestige grain, as opposed to barley; not to be confused with πῦρ ('fire').
ποιήσειςyou shall makeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (resuming the prescriptive future from v. 1)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall make')ποιέω: here of preparing/baking the cereal items; the verb resumes the prescriptive ποιήσεις of v. 1, framing the whole procurement list (vv. 1–2) under Moses' commissioned action.
αὐτάthemAccusativedirect object of ποιήσεις (the loaves, cakes, and wafers)→ participant referenceαὐτός: the neuter plural αὐτά resumes the whole cereal list (loaves, cakes, wafers) as the object of ποιήσεις — 'of fine wheat flour you shall make them.'
3
καὶ ἐπιθήσεις αὐτὰ ἐπὶ κανοῦν ἓν καὶ προσοίσεις αὐτὰ ἐπὶ τῷ κανῷ καὶ τὸ μοσχάριον καὶ τοὺς δύο κριούς
And you shall place them on one basket and bring them near in the basket, along with the young bull and the two rams.
The two futures ἐπιθήσεις ('place upon') and προσοίσεις ('bring near / present') stage the cereal and animal offerings together at the sanctuary. The single basket (κανοῦν ἓν) gathers the bread; προσοίσεις (a cultic technical term, 'present an offering') brings the whole assemblage before the LORD, joining bread and beasts in one act of presentation.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσειςyou shall place uponFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (placing the bread in the basket)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall place')ἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon / lay on'; renders שׂוּם / נָתַן; a key verb of the chapter, used both of placing offerings on the altar (v. 13) and of the hand-laying rite (ἐπιθήσουσιν … τὰς χεῖρας, vv. 10, 15, 19); here simply of arranging the bread in the basket.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object (the bread of v. 2)→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object (the bread of v. 2).
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + accusative (placing upon)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (placing upon).
κανοῦνbasketAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the receptacle for the bread)→ object specificationκανοῦν: 'basket / wicker tray'; renders סַל; the single basket holds all the consecration bread (cf. v. 23, 32); the offering of bread 'in a basket' is characteristic of the ordination and Nazirite rites (Num 6:15, 17).
ἓνoneAccusativenumeral adjective (neuter, modifying κανοῦν)→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the single basket (κανοῦν ἕν) gathers the whole cereal offering into one receptacle, emphasizing the unity of the presentation.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσοίσειςyou shall bring near / presentFut Act Indic 2 Sg · προσφέρωmain verb (presenting the offerings at the sanctuary)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall present')προσφέρω: 'bring to / offer / present'; renders הִקְרִיב; the standard LXX cultic verb for presenting an offering to God (cf. Lev 1:2); the future stem προσοίσεις (from the suppletive root οἴσω) governs both the basket and the animals; the cognate προσφορά ('offering') underlies Heb 10:10's use of Christ's self-presentation.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object of προσοίσεις→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of προσοίσεις.
ἐπὶin / onpreposition + dative (locative: 'in/on the basket')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'in/on the basket').
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κανῷbasketDativedative object of ἐπί (locative: the bread presented in the basket)→ sphere or referenceκανοῦν (dat. κανῷ): 'basket'; the shift from accusative κανοῦν (v. 3a, 'onto a basket') to the dative ἐπὶ τῷ κανῷ ('in the basket') marks the change from placing into presenting — the bread is now presented while resting in its container.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the animals to the presentation)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μοσχάριονyoung bullAccusativeaccusative (further object presented, parallel to αὐτά)→ object specificationμοσχάριον: the young bull of v. 1, now joined to the bread in the act of presentation; the single presentation gathers all the victims and offerings at the tent door.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (indeclinable, modifying κριούς)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the two rams of v. 1, presented together with the bull and the bread.
κριούςramsAccusativeaccusative (further object presented)→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; the two rams complete the inventory of victims gathered for the rite (the burnt-offering ram and the ram of consecration).
4
καὶ Ααρων καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ προσάξεις ἐπὶ τὰς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ λούσεις αὐτοὺς ἐν ὕδατι
And Aaron and his sons you shall bring near to the doors of the tent of testimony, and you shall wash them with water.
The fronted objects Ααρων καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ shift the focus from the offerings (vv. 1–3) to the ordinands. προσάξεις ('bring near') is the cultic verb of presentation applied now to persons. The washing ἐν ὕδατι at the tent door is the initiatory purification rite of priesthood, taken up in NT baptismal/cleansing imagery (cf. Heb 10:22; Eph 5:26).
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑαρωνAaronaccusative object of προσάξεις (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of Hebrew אַהֲרֹן; indeclinable in the LXX; Aaron, Moses' brother, is the protagonist of the chapter as first high priest; here fronted as the primary object of the bringing-near.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativeaccusative object of προσάξεις (parallel to Ααρων)→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; renders בֵּן; Aaron's sons (Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, Ithamar, cf. Exod 28:1) are ordained alongside their father; the recurring pairing 'Aaron and his sons' frames the whole priestly house as the object of consecration.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying υἱούς)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying υἱούς).
προσάξειςyou shall bring nearFut Act Indic 2 Sg · προσάγωmain verb (presenting the ordinands at the sanctuary)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall bring near')προσάγω: 'bring to / present / lead forward'; renders הִקְרִיב; the same verb is used of bringing the bull to the altar (v. 10); applied to persons it denotes formal presentation for consecration; cf. its cultic-priestly resonance in προσαγωγή ('access', Rom 5:2; Eph 2:18).
ἐπὶto / atpreposition + accusative (direction toward)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction toward).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςdoors / entranceAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the place of presentation)→ object specificationθύρα: 'door / entrance'; renders פֶּתַח; the plural τὰς θύρας ('the doors / doorway') of the tent of testimony is the recurring locus of the rite (vv. 10, 11, 32, 42) — the threshold where the holy meets the camp; the daily offering too is fixed at this door (v. 42).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive (the structure whose door is meant)→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; renders אֹהֶל / מִשְׁכָּן; the σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('tent of testimony') is the LXX's standard designation for the meeting-tent; the noun underlies NT 'tabernacle' theology (John 1:14 ἐσκήνωσεν; Heb 8:2; Rev 21:3).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof testimony / witnessGenitivegenitive of description (qualifying σκηνῆς)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony / witness'; renders עֵדוּת ('testimony', i.e. the tablets of the covenant) — the LXX reads the tent as the place of the testimony, whereas the Hebrew אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד means 'tent of meeting' (מוֹעֵד); the LXX's μαρτύριον thus interprets the tent by its contents (the covenant testimony) rather than its function.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (sequential act)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λούσειςyou shall washFut Act Indic 2 Sg · λούωmain verb (the purificatory washing)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall wash')λούω: 'wash / bathe (the whole body)'; renders רָחַץ; distinguished from πλύνω ('wash garments/objects', used at v. 17); the full-body washing is the once-for-all initiatory purification of the priests (cf. Lev 8:6), echoed in NT cleansing/baptismal imagery (Heb 10:22 λελουσμένοι; Titus 3:5).
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of λούσεις (Aaron and his sons)→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of λούσεις (Aaron and his sons).
ἐνwith / inpreposition + dative (instrumental/locative: 'with water')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrumental/locative: 'with water').
ὕδατιwaterDativedative of means (the element of washing)→ sphere or referenceὕδωρ (dat. ὕδατι): 'water'; renders מַיִם; the water of priestly washing prefigures the cleansing 'water' of NT regeneration and baptism (John 3:5; Eph 5:26 τῷ λουτρῷ τοῦ ὕδατος).
5
καὶ λαβὼν τὰς στολὰς ἐνδύσεις Ααρων τὸν ἀδελφόν σου καὶ τὸν χιτῶνα τὸν ποδήρη καὶ τὴν ἐπωμίδα καὶ τὸ λογεῖον καὶ συνάψεις αὐτῷ τὸ λογεῖον πρὸς τὴν ἐπωμίδα
And taking the garments, you shall clothe Aaron your brother with the long tunic, the ephod, and the oracle-piece, and you shall fasten the oracle-piece to him against the ephod.
The vesting begins: the circumstantial aorist participle λαβών ('taking') precedes the main future ἐνδύσεις ('you shall clothe'), a typical LXX participle-plus-finite chain. The technical vestment vocabulary — χιτὼν ποδήρης, ἐπωμίς, λογεῖον — corresponds to the garments prescribed in Exod 28; συνάψεις binds the oracle-piece to the ephod, completing the high-priestly regalia.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαβὼνtakingAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · λαμβάνωcircumstantial participle (antecedent action: 'having taken')→ antecedent aorist participle (the preparatory act before clothing)λαμβάνω: 'take'; the aorist participle λαβών forms a participle-plus-finite-verb chain with ἐνδύσεις, a Hebraizing narrative structure (cf. λαβὼν … προσχεεῖς, v. 16); Moses takes up the garments before investing Aaron with them.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὰςgarments / robesAccusativedirect object of λαβών (the priestly vestments)→ object specificationστολή: 'robe / festal garment'; renders בֶּגֶד / מַד; the comprehensive term for the holy vestments (cf. στολὴ τοῦ ἁγίου, v. 29); the plural here covers the whole set of high-priestly garb; στολή carries connotations of dignity and office (cf. the 'robe' of the returning son, Luke 15:22).
ἐνδύσειςyou shall clotheFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐνδύωmain verb (the act of vesting)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall clothe')ἐνδύω: 'clothe / put on'; renders הִלְבִּישׁ; the vesting transfers Aaron into priestly office; the verb is taken up metaphorically in the NT (ἐνδύσασθαι Χριστόν, Rom 13:14; Gal 3:27; 'put on the new man', Eph 4:24) — to be clothed is to be invested with a new identity and status.
ΑαρωνAaronaccusative object of ἐνδύσεις (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: the one clothed; the explicit apposition τὸν ἀδελφόν σου ('your brother') addresses Moses and underscores the familial bond at the founding of the priesthood.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφόνbrotherAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Ααρων→ object specificationἀδελφός: 'brother'; renders אָח; τὸν ἀδελφόν σου identifies Aaron in relation to Moses the addressee; the high priest is Moses' own brother, binding the priestly and prophetic offices within one family.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying ἀδελφόν)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship (modifying ἀδελφόν).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (listing the garments)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χιτῶναtunicAccusativeaccusative (item of vesting, object of ἐνδύσεις)→ object specificationχιτών: 'tunic / undergarment'; renders כְּתֹנֶת; the inner garment worn next to the body; the seamless χιτών of John 19:23 (woven from top to bottom) is read by some Fathers against this priestly tunic.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποδήρηreaching to the feet / longAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying χιτῶνα)→ object specificationποδήρης: 'reaching to the feet / ankle-length'; renders the qualifier of the priestly robe; the χιτὼν ποδήρης is the long ankle-length tunic of the high priest; the substantive ποδήρης appears at Rev 1:13 of the glorified Christ clothed ποδήρη, a deliberate echo of high-priestly garb.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπωμίδαephodAccusativeaccusative (item of vesting)→ object specificationἐπωμίς: lit. 'shoulder-piece', the LXX's rendering of אֵפוֹד ('ephod'); the etymology (ἐπί + ὦμος, 'upon the shoulder') reflects the garment worn over the shoulders bearing the onyx stones engraved with the tribal names (Exod 28:6–12); the LXX interprets the Hebrew loanword by its function.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λογεῖονoracle-piece / breastpieceAccusativeaccusative (item of vesting)→ object specificationλογεῖον: 'place of the oracle / speaking-piece', the LXX's distinctive rendering of חֹשֶׁן ('breastpiece'); derived from λόγιον ('oracle'), it interprets the breastpiece by its function as bearer of the Urim and Thummim (δήλωσις καὶ ἀλήθεια, Exod 28:30) through which the divine word was sought; the breastpiece holds the twelve stones of the tribes over Aaron's heart.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (sequential act)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνάψειςyou shall fasten / joinFut Act Indic 2 Sg · συνάπτωmain verb (joining oracle-piece to ephod)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall fasten')συνάπτω: 'join together / fasten'; renders חִבֵּר / רָכַס; the breastpiece is bound to the ephod by rings and cords (Exod 28:28) so that the two function as a single high-priestly unit; the verb stresses the structural integration of the regalia.
αὐτῷto him / for himDativedative (of advantage or attachment: 'fasten for/to him')→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: the dative may indicate Aaron ('fasten for him') or the ephod; here read as referring to Aaron the wearer, for whom the components are bound together.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λογεῖονoracle-pieceAccusativedirect object of συνάψεις→ object specificationλογεῖον: meaning 'oracle-piece'; it serves as direct object of συνάψεις.
πρὸςagainst / topreposition + accusative (juxtaposition: 'against the ephod')→ spatial or relational framingπρός + acc.: 'to / against / in relation to'; here of fastening the breastpiece in position over against the ephod, so that it rests upon it.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπωμίδαephodAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationἐπωμίδα: meaning 'ephod'; it serves as accusative object of πρός.
6
καὶ ἐπιθήσεις τὴν μίτραν ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπιθήσεις τὸ πέταλον τὸ ἁγίασμα ἐπὶ τὴν μίτραν
And you shall set the turban upon his head, and you shall set the holy plate upon the turban.
The twofold ἐπιθήσεις builds the headdress in two stages: first the μίτρα (turban) on the head, then the πέταλον τὸ ἁγίασμα (the holy plate/diadem) on the turban. The plate is the crowning sign of consecration, engraved 'Holy to the LORD' (Exod 28:36), making the high priest's very head a bearer of holiness.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσειςyou shall set / place uponFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (placing the turban)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall set')ἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon'; here of crowning the head with the turban; the doubled ἐπιθήσεις in this verse stages the headdress in two distinct acts.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μίτρανturban / mitreAccusativedirect object of ἐπιθήσεις→ object specificationμίτρα: 'turban / headband / mitre'; renders מִצְנֶפֶת; the linen headdress of the high priest; the LXX μίτρα gives English 'mitre'; the turban is the base upon which the holy plate is bound.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (placing upon)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (placing upon).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head'; renders רֹאשׁ; the head is the focal point of consecration — crowned with turban and plate here, anointed with oil in v. 7; the holiness of the priesthood is concentrated and displayed upon the head.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Aaron's head)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Aaron's head).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (second act)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσειςyou shall setFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (placing the plate)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall set')ἐπιτίθημι: the second placement, of the holy plate upon the turban.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πέταλονplate / leafAccusativedirect object of ἐπιθήσεις→ object specificationπέταλον: 'thin plate / leaf (of metal)'; renders צִיץ ('blossom / plate'); the golden plate engraved 'Holy to the LORD' (קֹדֶשׁ לַיהוה, Exod 28:36) worn on the forehead; the diminutive 'leaf' captures its thin beaten form.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (appositional)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίασμαholy thing / sanctificationAccusativeaccusative in apposition to πέταλον ('the plate, the holy thing')→ object specificationἁγίασμα: 'sanctuary / holy thing / consecrated object'; here in apposition, τὸ πέταλον τὸ ἁγίασμα, 'the plate, the holy emblem' — the plate is itself the visible token of holiness (it bears the inscription 'Holy to the LORD'); cognate with ἁγιάζω, the chapter's governing sanctification root.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μίτρανturbanAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the plate set on the turban)→ object specificationμίτραν: meaning 'turban'; it serves as accusative object of ἐπί (the plate set on the turban).
7
καὶ λήμψῃ τοῦ ἐλαίου τοῦ χρίσματος καὶ ἐπιχεεῖς αὐτὸ ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ χρίσεις αὐτόν
And you shall take the oil of anointing and pour it upon his head, and you shall anoint him.
The anointing is the culminating act of investiture: λήμψῃ (partitive genitive τοῦ ἐλαίου, 'some of the oil'), ἐπιχεεῖς ('pour upon'), χρίσεις ('anoint'). The pouring of the chrism on Aaron's head makes him χριστός ('anointed one'); the high priest is the paradigmatic 'anointed' of the OT, a primary referent of Messianic expectation (cf. Ps 132:2; Lev 4:3, 5, 16 ὁ ἱερεὺς ὁ χριστός).
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψῃyou shall takeFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking some of the anointing oil)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall take')λαμβάνω: 'take'; here governing a partitive genitive (τοῦ ἐλαίου, 'some of the oil'), a common LXX construction for taking a portion of a substance.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (partitive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλαίουoilGenitivepartitive genitive (object of λήμψῃ: 'some of the oil')→ relational specificationἔλαιον: 'oil'; the partitive genitive marks that Moses takes a portion of the special anointing oil (compounded in Exod 30:23–25); oil is the medium of consecration throughout the chapter.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρίσματοςof anointing / chrismGenitivegenitive of description (the oil's purpose: 'anointing oil')→ relational specificationχρίσμα: 'anointing / unguent / chrism'; renders מִשְׁחָה; τὸ ἔλαιον τοῦ χρίσματος ('the oil of anointing') is the consecrated unction reserved for priests and holy objects; the noun χρίσμα appears at 1 John 2:20, 27 of the Spirit's anointing of believers, drawing on this priestly imagery.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (sequential act)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιχεεῖςyou shall pour uponFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐπιχέωmain verb (pouring the oil)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall pour')ἐπιχέω: 'pour upon / over'; renders יָצַק; the compound ἐπι- marks the directed pouring onto the head; the lavish pouring (cf. Ps 133:2, oil running down Aaron's beard) signifies abundant consecration, distinguished from mere sprinkling (ῥανεῖς, v. 21).
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object of ἐπιχεεῖς (the oil)→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐπιχεεῖς (the oil).
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the head as the locus of anointing)→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head'; the head, already crowned with turban and plate (v. 6), now receives the anointing oil — the head is the seat of consecrated authority.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Aaron's head)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Aaron's head).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (summative act)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρίσειςyou shall anointFut Act Indic 2 Sg · χρίωmain verb (the act summed up: 'you shall anoint him')→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall anoint')χρίω: 'anoint'; renders מָשַׁח; the verb that gives χριστός ('anointed one / Messiah'); Aaron's anointing makes him the consecrated high priest; the LXX uses χρίω of priests, kings, and prophets — the three anointed offices fulfilled in Christ; cf. Lev 4:3 ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς ὁ κεχρισμένος.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object of χρίσεις (Aaron)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of χρίσεις (Aaron).
8
καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ προσάξεις καὶ ἐνδύσεις αὐτοὺς χιτῶνας
And his sons you shall bring near, and you shall clothe them with tunics.
Attention turns from Aaron the high priest to his sons, the ordinary priests. The fronted object τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ marks the topic-shift; their vesting is simpler — tunics (χιτῶνας) rather than the full high-priestly regalia — distinguishing the high priest's unique investiture from that of the common priests.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativefronted direct object of προσάξεις (topic-shift to the sons)→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; Aaron's sons are the ordinary priests, vested more simply than their father; the fronting marks the narrative move from high priest to priesthood at large.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Aaron's sons)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Aaron's sons).
προσάξειςyou shall bring nearFut Act Indic 2 Sg · προσάγωmain verb (presenting the sons)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall bring near')προσάγω: 'bring near / present'; as in v. 4, the cultic verb of formal presentation, here of the sons for their vesting.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (sequential act)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνδύσειςyou shall clotheFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐνδύωmain verb (vesting the sons)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall clothe')ἐνδύω: 'clothe'; the sons receive tunics, a plainer vesting than Aaron's; the same verb of investiture used of the high priest in v. 5.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of ἐνδύσεις (the sons)→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐνδύσεις (the sons).
χιτῶναςtunicsAccusativeaccusative of clothing (the garment with which they are clothed)→ object specificationχιτών: 'tunic'; renders כֻּתֳּנֹת; the double accusative (clothe them [acc.] with tunics [acc.]) is normal Greek with verbs of clothing; the sons receive the basic priestly tunic, marking their lower rank relative to the high priest.
9
καὶ ζώσεις αὐτοὺς ταῖς ζώναις καὶ περιθήσεις αὐτοῖς τὰς κιδάρεις καὶ ἔσται αὐτοῖς ἱερατεία ἐμοὶ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα καὶ τελειώσεις τὰς χεῖρας Ααρων καὶ τὰς χεῖρας τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ
And you shall gird them with belts and put the caps on them, and they shall have a priesthood for me forever; and you shall fill the hands of Aaron and the hands of his sons.
The vesting concludes with girding and capping the sons; then a programmatic declaration — ἔσται αὐτοῖς ἱερατεία … εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ('they shall have a priesthood forever'). The verse climaxes in the chapter's defining idiom τελειώσεις τὰς χεῖρας ('you shall fill the hands'), the LXX calque of מִלֵּא יָד, the formal act of installation into priestly office (cf. vv. 29, 33, 35).
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζώσειςyou shall girdFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ζώννυμιmain verb (girding the priests)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall gird')ζώννυμι: 'gird / fasten with a belt'; renders חָגַר; the girding readies the priest for active service (a girded garment frees the legs for movement); the verb is used metaphorically of readiness in the NT (Luke 12:35; 1 Pet 1:13 ἀναζωσάμενοι).
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of ζώσεις (the sons, and Aaron)→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ζώσεις (the sons, and Aaron).
ταῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζώναιςbelts / girdlesDativedative of means (the belts with which they are girded)→ sphere or referenceζώνη: 'belt / girdle / sash'; renders אַבְנֵט; the priestly sash, part of the standard priestly garb (Exod 28:40); the same word for the golden 'sash' of the glorified Christ (Rev 1:13).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιθήσειςyou shall put around / onFut Act Indic 2 Sg · περιτίθημιmain verb (placing the caps)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall put on')περιτίθημι: 'put around / place on'; renders חָבַשׁ; the compound περι- ('around') suits the headgear encircling the head; the same verb is used of putting clothing or ornament on a person (cf. Matt 27:28).
αὐτοῖςon themDativedative (of the persons receiving the caps)→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'on them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative (of the persons receiving the caps).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιδάρειςcaps / headdressesAccusativedirect object of περιθήσεις→ object specificationκίδαρις: 'turban / cap'; renders מִגְבָּעֹת ('headdresses'); the conical caps of the ordinary priests, distinguished from the high priest's μίτρα (v. 6); a Persian loanword used by the LXX for priestly headgear.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (transition to declaration)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall be / they shall haveFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (existential/possessive: 'there shall be for them')→ predictive future (perpetual ordinance)εἰμί: 'be'; the construction ἔσται αὐτοῖς ἱερατεία ('there shall be for them a priesthood') is a possessive dative idiom ('they shall have a priesthood'); the future declares the permanence of the Aaronic office.
αὐτοῖςfor themDativedative of possession ('they shall have')→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'for them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession ('they shall have').
ἱερατείαpriesthoodNominativesubject (the thing possessed: a priesthood)→ participant prominenceἱερατεία: 'priesthood / priestly office / service'; renders כְּהֻנָּה; the abstract noun denotes the office and ministry of the priest (cf. Luke 1:9; Heb 7:5); here granted to Aaron's house as a perpetual prerogative.
ἐμοὶfor me / to meDativedative of advantage (the priesthood is service to YHWH)→ participant reference or interestἐγώ (emphatic dat. ἐμοί): the emphatic first-person dative stresses that the priesthood exists for YHWH's own service, echoing ἱερατεύειν μοι of v. 1.
εἰςfor / untopreposition + accusative (extent of time)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (extent of time).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverAccusativeaccusative of extent (εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα: 'forever')→ object specificationαἰών: 'age / eternity'; renders עוֹלָם; the idiom εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ('for the age / forever') marks the perpetuity of the Aaronic priesthood; the NT contrasts this with the eternal, unchangeable priesthood of Christ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισεδεκ (Heb 7:17, 24).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (climactic act)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τελειώσειςyou shall fill / consecrate (the hands)Fut Act Indic 2 Sg · τελειόωmain verb (the formal installation: filling the hands)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall consecrate')τελειόω: 'complete / perfect / consecrate'; the idiom τελειόω τὰς χεῖρας ('fill/perfect the hands') is the LXX's calque of Hebrew מִלֵּא יָד ('fill the hand'), the technical phrase for installation into priestly office (the hands being filled with the offerings); from it the ram of installation is named κριὸς τελειώσεως (vv. 22, 26); the same root, τελειόω, is theologically central to Hebrews, where Christ is τετελειωμένος as the perfected high priest (Heb 5:9; 7:28).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of τελειώσεις (Aaron's hands)→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; renders יָד; in the consecration idiom the 'filling of the hands' denotes investing the priest with his sacrificial prerogatives (his hands filled with the portions he is to offer); the recurring τὰς χεῖρας is the signature noun of the τελείωσις.
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of possession (indeclinable: 'the hands of Aaron')→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; here functioning as genitive ('Aaron's hands'); the high priest's hands are filled first, his sons' next.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of τελειώσεις (the sons' hands)→ object specificationχεῖρας: meaning 'hands'; it serves as direct object of τελειώσεις (the sons' hands).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of possession (the sons' hands)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; the genitive plural marks the sons as the second set of ordinands whose hands are filled.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Aaron's sons)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Aaron's sons).
10
καὶ προσάξεις τὸν μόσχον ἐπὶ τὰς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ ἐπιθήσουσιν Ααρων καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ μόσχου ἔναντι κυρίου παρὰ τὰς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου
And you shall bring the bull to the doors of the tent of testimony, and Aaron and his sons shall lay their hands on the head of the bull before the LORD, at the doors of the tent of testimony.
The sacrificial sequence proper begins. The bull is brought to the tent door, and the hand-laying rite (ἐπιθήσουσιν … τὰς χεῖρας ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλήν) is performed — the gesture of identification/transfer by which the offerers associate themselves with the victim. The double locative (ἔναντι κυρίου, παρὰ τὰς θύρας) frames the act as performed in the divine presence at the sanctuary threshold.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσάξειςyou shall bringFut Act Indic 2 Sg · προσάγωmain verb (presenting the bull)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall bring')προσάγω: 'bring near / present (an offering)'; the cultic verb now applied to the sacrificial victim; the bull is led to the altar-court for slaughter.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχονbull / calfAccusativedirect object of προσάξεις→ object specificationμόσχος: 'young bull / calf'; renders פַּר; the same animal called μοσχάριον at v. 1, here by its fuller name; it serves as the sin-offering (v. 14 ἁμαρτίας … ἐστιν) purifying the priests before their other offerings.
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (direction toward)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction toward).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςdoorsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (place of presentation)→ object specificationθύρα: 'door / entrance'; the recurring locus of the rite (cf. v. 4); the offering is made at the threshold of the holy.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive (the tent whose door is meant)→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent'; the tent of testimony, the dwelling of the divine presence.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof testimonyGenitivegenitive of description (qualifying σκηνῆς)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony'; see v. 4; the tent named by the covenant testimony it houses.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (the hand-laying)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσουσινthey shall layFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (the hand-laying rite; subject = Aaron and sons)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'they shall lay')ἐπιτίθημι: 'lay upon'; the technical rite ἐπιτίθημι τὰς χεῖρας ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλήν (renders סָמַךְ יָד) is the laying-on of hands by which the offerers identify with the victim and transfer guilt or designation to it (cf. Lev 1:4; 16:21); the shift to third plural marks the offerers (Aaron and sons) as the agents of this act, distinct from Moses the officiant.
ΑαρωνAaronnominative subject of ἐπιθήσουσιν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; here nominative as subject; Aaron and his sons together perform the hand-laying as the ones being consecrated.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativenominative subject (coordinate with Ααρων)→ participant prominenceυἱός: the sons join Aaron in the hand-laying, sharing in the offerers' role.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of ἐπιθήσουσιν→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; the hands laid on the victim's head effect the ritual identification between offerers and offering.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the bull's head)→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head'; the head of the victim is the focal point of the hand-laying, the place where the offerers' identification is concentrated.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχουbullGenitivegenitive of possession (the bull's head)→ relational specificationμόσχου: meaning 'bull'; it serves as genitive of possession (the bull's head).
ἔναντιbefore / in the presence ofpreposition + genitive (locative: in the divine presence)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before / in the presence of'; renders לִפְנֵי; the recurring ἔναντι κυρίου ('before the LORD', vv. 11, 23, 24, 25, 26) marks every act of the rite as performed coram Deo, in the presence of God himself.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι (the Tetragrammaton)→ relational specificationκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; ἔναντι κυρίου locates the sacrifice in the very presence of YHWH, the recurring spatial-theological refrain of the chapter.
παρὰat / besidepreposition + accusative (locative: 'at the doors')→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + acc.: 'beside / at'; locates the act precisely at the doorway of the tent.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςdoorsAccusativeaccusative object of παρά→ object specificationθύρας: meaning 'doors'; it serves as accusative object of παρά.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive (the tent whose door is meant)→ relational specificationσκηνῆς: meaning 'tent'; it serves as genitive (the tent whose door is meant).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof testimonyGenitivegenitive of description→ relational specificationμαρτυρίου: meaning 'of testimony'; it serves as genitive of description.
11
καὶ σφάξεις τὸν μόσχον ἔναντι κυρίου παρὰ τὰς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου
And you shall slaughter the bull before the LORD, at the doors of the tent of testimony.
The slaughter follows the hand-laying. σφάξεις ('you shall slay') is the technical cultic verb for the ritual killing of the victim, distinct from ordinary killing. The locative formula ἔναντι κυρίου παρὰ τὰς θύρας repeats from v. 10, anchoring the kill at the sanctuary entrance in the divine presence.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σφάξειςyou shall slaughterFut Act Indic 2 Sg · σφάζωmain verb (the ritual slaughter)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall slay')σφάζω: 'slaughter / slay (ritually) / cut the throat'; renders שָׁחַט; the technical term for sacrificial killing (cf. vv. 16, 20); used in Revelation of the slain Lamb (ἀρνίον ἐσφαγμένον, Rev 5:6) and of the souls of the martyrs (Rev 6:9), drawing on this sacrificial vocabulary.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχονbullAccusativedirect object of σφάξεις→ object specificationμόσχος: the sin-offering bull, now slaughtered.
ἔναντιbeforepreposition + genitive (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before / in the presence of'; the slaughter is performed coram Deo.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι (the Tetragrammaton)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
παρὰat / besidepreposition + accusative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (locative).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςdoorsAccusativeaccusative object of παρά→ object specificationθύρας: meaning 'doors'; it serves as accusative object of παρά.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive→ relational specificationσκηνῆς: meaning 'tent'; it serves as genitive.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof testimonyGenitivegenitive of description→ relational specificationμαρτυρίου: meaning 'of testimony'; it serves as genitive of description.
12
καὶ λήμψῃ ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ μόσχου καὶ θήσεις ἐπὶ τῶν κεράτων τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου τῷ δακτύλῳ σου τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν πᾶν αἷμα ἐκχεεῖς παρὰ τὴν βάσιν τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου
And you shall take some of the blood of the bull and put it on the horns of the altar with your finger, and all the rest of the blood you shall pour out at the base of the altar.
The blood-rite of the sin-offering: a portion (ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος) applied with the finger (τῷ δακτύλῳ) to the horns of the altar, the remainder (τὸ λοιπὸν πᾶν αἷμα) poured at its base. The δέ marks the contrast between the small daubed portion and the larger poured remainder. The horns — the altar's points of highest sanctity — receive the purifying blood.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψῃyou shall takeFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking some of the blood)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall take')λαμβάνω: 'take'; here with ἀπό + genitive ('take some of'), a partitive construction for taking a portion of the blood.
ἀπὸfrom / some ofpreposition + genitive (partitive: 'some of')→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: with the genitive in a partitive sense, 'some of the blood'; the LXX frequently uses ἀπό + gen. for partitive expressions.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἵματοςbloodGenitivegenitive (partitive object of λήμψῃ via ἀπό)→ relational specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; renders דָּם; the blood, as the seat of life (Lev 17:11), is the agent of purification and atonement; the manipulation of blood (daubing the horns, pouring at the base) is central to the sin-offering and anticipates the NT theology of cleansing 'by the blood' (Heb 9:22; 1 John 1:7).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχουbullGenitivegenitive of source (the bull's blood)→ relational specificationμόσχου: meaning 'bull'; it serves as genitive of source (the bull's blood).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (sequential act)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θήσειςyou shall putFut Act Indic 2 Sg · τίθημιmain verb (applying the blood to the horns)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall put')τίθημι: 'put / place / set'; renders נָתַן; here of daubing the blood onto the altar's horns; the simple verb (as opposed to the compounds ἐπιτίθημι, etc.) for the act of placing the blood.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + genitive (place where)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (place where).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεράτωνhornsGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the horns of the altar)→ relational specificationκέρας (gen. pl. κεράτων): 'horn'; renders קֶרֶן; the projections at the four corners of the altar, the points of highest sanctity and the place of asylum (1 Kgs 1:50); the blood applied to the horns purifies and re-consecrates the altar itself.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarGenitivegenitive of possession (the altar's horns)→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar / place of sacrifice'; renders מִזְבֵּחַ; the LXX coined this -τήριον formation (from θυσιάζω) to distinguish the legitimate altar of YHWH from the pagan βωμός; the altar is the focal object of the chapter's later consecration (vv. 36–37).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δακτύλῳfingerDativedative of instrument (with your finger)→ sphere or referenceδάκτυλος: 'finger'; renders אֶצְבַּע; the blood is applied by hand-contact with the finger, an intimate, deliberate daubing; cf. 'the finger of God' (Exod 8:19; Luke 11:20).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (Moses' finger)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Moses' finger).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with λοιπὸν αἷμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbut / andmild adversative (post-positive: contrasting daubed and poured blood)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: post-positive; here marks the contrast between the portion daubed on the horns and 'the rest' poured at the base.
λοιπὸνremaining / restAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying αἷμα: 'the remaining blood')→ object specificationλοιπός: 'remaining / rest'; the rest of the blood after the horns are daubed; cf. v. 34 τὰ λοιπά of the leftover meat.
πᾶνallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying αἷμα: 'all the rest')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; emphatic — the entire remainder is poured out, none retained.
αἷμαbloodAccusativedirect object of ἐκχεεῖς→ object specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; the remaining blood is poured out at the altar base, the standard disposal of sacrificial blood (Lev 4:7).
ἐκχεεῖςyou shall pour outFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐκχέωmain verb (pouring out the remaining blood)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall pour out')ἐκχέω: 'pour out'; renders שָׁפַךְ; the pouring of the blood at the altar's base; the verb is used in the NT of Christ's blood 'poured out' (ἐκχυννόμενον, Matt 26:28; Luke 22:20) for the remission of sins.
παρὰat / besidepreposition + accusative (locative: 'at the base')→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (locative: 'at the base').
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσινbaseAccusativeaccusative object of παρά (the base of the altar)→ object specificationβάσις: 'base / foot / pedestal'; renders יְסוֹד ('foundation'); the foot of the altar where the bulk of the blood was poured and drained away.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarGenitivegenitive of possession (the altar's base)→ relational specificationθυσιαστηρίου: meaning 'altar'; it serves as genitive of possession (the altar's base).
13
καὶ λήμψῃ πᾶν τὸ στέαρ τὸ ἐπὶ τῆς κοιλίας καὶ τὸν λοβὸν τοῦ ἥπατος καὶ τοὺς δύο νεφροὺς καὶ τὸ στέαρ τὸ ἐπ᾿ αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπιθήσεις ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον
And you shall take all the fat that is on the belly, and the lobe of the liver, and the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, and you shall lay them on the altar.
The inner fat and choice organs of the bull are placed on the altar — the LORD's portion of the sin-offering, burned as a pleasing offering. The enumeration (fat of the belly, lobe of the liver, two kidneys with their fat) is formulaic, recurring at v. 22 for the ram; the fat (στέαρ) was regarded as the richest part, reserved exclusively for God (Lev 3:16–17).
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψῃyou shall takeFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking the fat portions)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall take')λαμβάνω: 'take'; here governing the fat and organs to be offered on the altar.
πᾶνallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying στέαρ)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the totality of the belly-fat is reserved for God, none retained.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfat / suetAccusativedirect object of λήμψῃ→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat / suet'; renders חֵלֶב; the hard fat around the entrails, considered the choicest part and reserved exclusively for the LORD (Lev 3:16–17 forbids Israel to eat it); its burning sends up the 'pleasing aroma' to God.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (attributive, 'the fat that is on...')→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + genitive (location of the fat)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location of the fat).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλίαςbelly / entrailsGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (location of the fat)→ relational specificationκοιλία: 'belly / abdomen / entrails'; renders קֶרֶב; the fat covering the inner organs; κοιλία has a wide range ('womb', 'belly', 'inner being') in the LXX and NT (John 7:38).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοβὸνlobeAccusativedirect object (coordinate with στέαρ)→ object specificationλοβός: 'lobe / flap'; renders יֹתֶרֶת ('appendage of the liver', the caudate lobe); the same word λοβός is used at v. 20 of the lobe (tip) of the ear — its anatomical sense 'projecting part'.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥπατοςliverGenitivegenitive of possession (the liver's lobe)→ relational specificationἧπαρ (gen. ἥπατος): 'liver'; renders כָּבֵד; the lobe of the liver is among the fatty portions offered to God.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (indeclinable, modifying νεφρούς)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; both kidneys are taken.
νεφροὺςkidneysAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationνεφρός: 'kidney'; renders כְּלָיוֹת; the kidneys, surrounded by fat, were considered (with their fat) the LORD's portion; figuratively the seat of the inmost self (Ps 7:9 'God tests heart and kidneys'; Rev 2:23 νεφροὺς καὶ καρδίας).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativedirect object (the fat on the kidneys)→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat'; the fat surrounding the kidneys, also reserved for God.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (attributive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπ᾿on / uponpreposition + genitive (elided before vowel; location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (elided before vowel; location).
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of ἐπ᾿ (the kidneys)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἐπ᾿ (the kidneys).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (the offering act)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσειςyou shall lay / place uponFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (placing the fat portions on the altar)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall lay')ἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon'; here of laying the fat and organs on the altar to be burned — the LORD's portion of the sin-offering ascends in smoke.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the altar of burning)→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; the place where the fat portions are consumed by fire as God's share.
14
τὰ δὲ κρέα τοῦ μόσχου καὶ τὸ δέρμα καὶ τὴν κόπρον κατακαύσεις πυρὶ ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς ἁμαρτίας γάρ ἐστιν
But the flesh of the bull, and the hide, and the dung you shall burn up with fire outside the camp; for it is a sin-offering.
The δέ marks the contrast with v. 13: whereas the fat ascends on the altar, the flesh, hide, and dung are burned outside the camp. The explanatory γάρ-clause (ἁμαρτίας … ἐστιν, 'for it is a sin-offering') gives the rationale: the sin-offering's body is not eaten but destroyed outside the holy precinct. Heb 13:11–13 builds its theology of Christ suffering 'outside the gate' (ἔξω τῆς πύλης) precisely on this rite.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with κρέα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutadversative (post-positive: contrasting body with fat)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: post-positive; marks the strong contrast — the fat goes up on the altar (v. 13), but the carcass is destroyed outside the camp.
κρέαflesh / meatAccusativedirect object of κατακαύσεις (fronted)→ object specificationκρέας (pl. κρέα): 'flesh / meat'; renders בָּשָׂר; the body of the sin-offering bull, which (unlike peace-offerings) is not consumed by priests but burned; cf. the eaten κρέα of the consecration ram, vv. 31–32.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχουbullGenitivegenitive of possession (the bull's flesh)→ relational specificationμόσχου: meaning 'bull'; it serves as genitive of possession (the bull's flesh).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέρμαhide / skinAccusativedirect object (coordinate with κρέα)→ object specificationδέρμα: 'skin / hide'; renders עוֹר; the hide of the sin-offering bull is burned with the carcass (whereas the burnt-offering's hide went to the officiating priest, Lev 7:8).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κόπρονdungAccusativedirect object (coordinate with κρέα)→ object specificationκόπρος: 'dung / refuse'; renders פֶּרֶשׁ; the entrails' contents; its inclusion underscores the total destruction of the sin-offering body outside the camp.
κατακαύσειςyou shall burn upFut Act Indic 2 Sg · κατακαίωmain verb (the burning of the carcass)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall burn up')κατακαίω: 'burn up / consume with fire'; renders שָׂרַף; the perfective κατα- ('down / completely') marks total incineration, distinct from ἀναφέρω ('offer up' on the altar, v. 18); this is destruction, not sacrificial ascent; cf. v. 34.
πυρὶwith fireDativedative of instrument (the means of burning)→ sphere or referenceπῦρ (dat. πυρί): 'fire'; renders אֵשׁ; the consuming fire outside the camp; not to be confused with πυρός ('wheat', v. 2).
ἔξωoutsideimproper preposition + genitive (place: 'outside the camp')→ spatial or relational framingἔξω: 'outside / without'; with the genitive (τῆς παρεμβολῆς); the disposal of the sin-offering 'outside the camp' is theologically loaded — Heb 13:11–13 reads Jesus' suffering ἔξω τῆς πύλης ('outside the gate') as the antitype, calling believers to go to him 'outside the camp.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολῆςcampGenitivegenitive with ἔξω (the camp of Israel)→ relational specificationπαρεμβολή: 'camp / encampment / army'; renders מַחֲנֶה; the camp of Israel surrounding the tabernacle; what is burned 'outside' is removed from the holy community; the same word for 'camp' at Heb 13:11, 13 and Rev 20:9.
ἁμαρτίαςof sin / a sin-offeringGenitivepredicate genitive (of quality/classification: 'it is [a matter] of sin')→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin'; renders חַטָּאת, which means both 'sin' and 'sin-offering'; the genitive ἁμαρτίας … ἐστιν is a Hebraism-influenced classification — 'it is (a thing) of sin', i.e. a sin-offering; the LXX often renders the sacrificial חַטָּאת by (τὸ) περὶ (τῆς) ἁμαρτίας or by ἁμαρτία itself, a usage echoed at 2 Cor 5:21 (τὸν … ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν).
γάρforexplanatory conjunction (post-positive: giving the reason)→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: 'for'; introduces the rationale for burning the carcass outside the camp — its status as a sin-offering requires this disposal.
ἐστινit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (classifying the offering)→ stative present (definitional)εἰμί: 'be'; the present copula gives the definitional reason: the offering is, by its very nature, a sin-offering, hence its distinctive disposal.
15
καὶ τὸν κριὸν λήμψῃ τὸν ἕνα καὶ ἐπιθήσουσιν Ααρων καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ κριοῦ
And you shall take the one ram, and Aaron and his sons shall lay their hands on the head of the ram.
The second sacrificial movement begins with the first ram (τὸν κριὸν … τὸν ἕνα). As with the bull (v. 10), the rite opens with the hand-laying (ἐπιθήσουσιν … τὰς χεῖρας). The fronting of τὸν κριόν marks the topic-shift to the new victim, the whole burnt offering of vv. 15–18.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (fronted with κριόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριὸνramAccusativefronted direct object of λήμψῃ (topic: the first ram)→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; the first of the two rams (v. 1), designated for the whole burnt offering; the fronting signals the new ritual unit.
λήμψῃyou shall takeFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking the ram)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall take')λαμβάνω: 'take'; introduces the first ram into the rite.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἕναone / firstAccusativenumeral adjective (modifying κριόν: 'the one/first ram')→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; τὸν ἕνα distinguishes this first ram from τὸν δεύτερον (the second, v. 19) — the consecration ram; ordinal force ('the first') is conveyed by the contrast.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσουσινthey shall layFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (hand-laying; subject Aaron and sons)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'they shall lay')ἐπιτίθημι: the hand-laying rite, as at v. 10; the offerers identify with the ram before its slaughter.
ΑαρωνAaronnominative subject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; here nominative subject of the hand-laying.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativenominative subject (coordinate with Ααρων)→ participant prominenceυἱός: the sons join in the hand-laying.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of ἐπιθήσουσιν→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; the hands laid on the ram's head.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the ram's head)→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head'; focal point of the hand-laying.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριοῦramGenitivegenitive of possession (the ram's head)→ relational specificationκριός: 'ram'; the first ram, whose head receives the hands of the ordinands.
16
καὶ σφάξεις αὐτὸν καὶ λαβὼν τὸ αἷμα προσχεεῖς πρὸς τὸ θυσιαστήριον κύκλῳ
And you shall slaughter it, and taking the blood you shall dash it against the altar all around.
The first ram is slaughtered, and its blood is dashed around the altar — προσχεεῖς … κύκλῳ ('dash against, round about'), the characteristic blood-rite of the burnt offering (distinct from the daubing of the sin-offering, v. 12). The participle λαβών again forms the participle-plus-finite chain. κύκλῳ ('round about') marks the encircling application to all four sides of the altar.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σφάξειςyou shall slaughterFut Act Indic 2 Sg · σφάζωmain verb (slaughter of the ram)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall slay')σφάζω: 'slaughter (ritually)'; as at v. 11, the technical sacrificial verb.
αὐτὸνit / himAccusativedirect object of σφάξεις (the ram)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of σφάξεις (the ram).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαβὼνtakingAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · λαμβάνωcircumstantial participle (antecedent: 'having taken')→ antecedent aorist participle (preparatory act before dashing)λαμβάνω: 'take'; the aorist participle (as in v. 5) leads into the main verb προσχεεῖς; Moses takes up the collected blood before dashing it.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἷμαbloodAccusativedirect object of λαβών→ object specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; the ram's blood, dashed against the altar.
προσχεεῖςyou shall dash / pour againstFut Act Indic 2 Sg · προσχέωmain verb (dashing the blood on the altar)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall dash')προσχέω: 'pour against / dash upon'; renders זָרַק; the compound προς- marks the throwing of blood against the altar's sides; distinct from ἐκχέω ('pour out at the base', v. 12) and ῥαίνω ('sprinkle', v. 21); the characteristic blood-manipulation of burnt and peace offerings (cf. v. 21; Lev 1:5).
πρὸςagainst / onpreposition + accusative (direction: 'against the altar')→ spatial or relational framingπρός + acc.: 'against / toward'; the blood is thrown against the altar's surfaces.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; the object against which the blood is dashed.
κύκλῳround about / all aroundadverbial dative (encircling: 'on all sides')→ clausal contributionκύκλῳ: 'in a circle / round about'; an adverbial dative; the blood is dashed against all sides of the altar, encompassing it; renders סָבִיב.
17
καὶ τὸν κριὸν διχοτομήσεις κατὰ μέλη καὶ πλυνεῖς τὰ ἐνδόσθια καὶ τοὺς πόδας ὕδατι καὶ ἐπιθήσεις ἐπὶ τὰ διχοτομήματα σὺν τῇ κεφαλῇ
And you shall cut the ram into pieces, limb by limb, and wash the entrails and the feet with water, and you shall lay them on the pieces, together with the head.
Preparation of the ram for total combustion: dismemberment (διχοτομήσεις κατὰ μέλη), washing of the entrails and feet, and the reassembly of the washed parts onto the cut pieces with the head. The careful preparation ensures the whole animal — every part cleansed — ascends as a complete offering, as the climactic ὅλον τὸν κριόν of v. 18 makes explicit.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (fronted with κριόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριὸνramAccusativefronted direct object of διχοτομήσεις→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; the first ram, now to be dismembered for the whole burnt offering.
διχοτομήσειςyou shall cut in piecesFut Act Indic 2 Sg · διχοτομέωmain verb (dismembering the ram)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall cut up')διχοτομέω: 'cut in two / dismember / divide'; renders נָתַח; lit. 'cut in halves', here of jointing the carcass; the cognate noun διχοτόμημα follows; the verb appears in the NT in a sobering sense (διχοτομήσει αὐτόν, Matt 24:51; Luke 12:46), 'cut him asunder.'
κατὰaccording to / bypreposition + accusative (distributive: 'limb by limb')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to / by'; here distributive, 'limb by limb', i.e. jointed at the natural divisions.
μέληlimbs / membersAccusativeaccusative with κατά (distributive: the members)→ object specificationμέλος: 'limb / member / part'; renders נֵתַח; the carcass divided at its joints; in the NT μέλος is the key term for 'members' of the body of Christ (1 Cor 12; Rom 12:4–5).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλυνεῖςyou shall washFut Act Indic 2 Sg · πλύνωmain verb (washing the entrails and feet)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall wash')πλύνω: 'wash (objects/garments)'; renders רָחַץ; distinguished from λούω ('bathe the body', v. 4) — πλύνω is used of washing things rather than persons; here the soiled entrails and feet are cleansed before they ascend with the rest; cf. Rev 7:14 (ἔπλυναν τὰς στολὰς αὐτῶν).
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνδόσθιαentrails / inner partsAccusativedirect object of πλυνεῖς→ object specificationἐνδόσθια: 'entrails / inner parts / viscera'; renders קֶרֶב; the intestines, washed of their contents before being offered, so that the whole animal may ascend clean.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόδαςfeet / legsAccusativedirect object of πλυνεῖς (coordinate)→ object specificationπούς (acc. pl. πόδας): 'foot / leg'; renders כְּרָעַיִם ('legs'); the lower legs of the ram, washed before offering.
ὕδατιwith waterDativedative of means (the water of washing)→ sphere or referenceὕδωρ (dat. ὕδατι): 'water'; the cleansing element, as in the priestly washing of v. 4.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (reassembly)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσειςyou shall lay / placeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (placing the washed parts on the pieces)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall lay')ἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon'; here of reassembling the washed entrails and feet onto the jointed pieces and head, reconstituting the whole animal for the burnt offering.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διχοτομήματαpieces / cut portionsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the dismembered pieces)→ object specificationδιχοτόμημα: 'piece / part cut off'; the cognate noun of διχοτομέω; the jointed sections of the carcass onto which the washed organs are laid.
σὺνtogether withpreposition + dative (accompaniment: 'with the head')→ spatial or relational framingσύν: 'with / together with'; the head is included with the pieces, completing the whole animal for the offering.
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλῇheadDativedative object of σύν→ sphere or referenceκεφαλή: 'head'; the head joins the reassembled parts so that the whole ram ascends complete.
18
καὶ ἀνοίσεις ὅλον τὸν κριὸν ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον ὁλοκαύτωμα κυρίῳ εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας θυσίασμα κυρίῳ ἐστίν
And you shall offer up the whole ram on the altar as a whole burnt offering to the LORD, for a fragrance of sweet savour; it is an offering to the LORD.
The first ram is wholly offered up (ἀνοίσεις ὅλον τὸν κριόν) as a ὁλοκαύτωμα ('whole burnt offering'), the entire animal consumed for God alone. The phrase εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας ('for a fragrance of sweet savour', rendering רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ) is the standard LXX formula for an acceptable offering, taken up at Eph 5:2 and Phil 4:18 of Christ's self-offering and of Christian gifts. The verse closes with a defining clause: θυσίασμα κυρίῳ ἐστίν.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνοίσειςyou shall offer upFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀναφέρωmain verb (offering up the whole ram)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall offer up')ἀναφέρω: 'bring up / offer up'; renders הֶעֱלָה (Hiphil of עָלָה, 'cause to go up'); the compound ἀνα- ('up') captures the ascent of the offering in smoke to God; distinct from κατακαίω ('burn up' for destruction, v. 14); the verb of cultic ascent, used at Heb 7:27; 13:15; 1 Pet 2:5 of offering up sacrifices.
ὅλονwhole / entireAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying κριόν: 'the whole ram')→ object specificationὅλος: 'whole / entire'; emphasizes that the entire ram, every part, is offered — the defining feature of the ὁλοκαύτωμα ('whole burnt offering'), in which nothing is reserved for human consumption.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριὸνramAccusativedirect object of ἀνοίσεις→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; the whole first ram, offered up entire.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; the place of the whole burnt offering.
ὁλοκαύτωμαwhole burnt offeringNominativeappositive (predicative: 'as a whole burnt offering')→ participant prominenceὁλοκαύτωμα: 'whole burnt offering' (lit. 'wholly burnt thing', ὅλος + καίω); renders עֹלָה; the offering wholly consumed by fire for God, with no portion eaten; the LXX's classic cultic term, giving English 'holocaust'; cf. Heb 10:6, 8 quoting Ps 40:6.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (the offering is to YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the dative marks YHWH as the recipient of the whole burnt offering.
εἰςfor / untopreposition + accusative (purpose/result: 'for a fragrance')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose/result: 'for a fragrance').
ὀσμὴνsmell / fragranceAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationὀσμή: 'smell / odour / fragrance'; renders רֵיחַ; the phrase εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας ('for a fragrance of sweet savour') is the standard LXX rendering of רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ ('pleasing aroma'); cf. 2 Cor 2:14–16 (ὀσμή of the knowledge of God); Eph 5:2 (Christ's offering as ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας).
εὐωδίαςof sweet savourGenitivegenitive of quality (qualifying ὀσμήν: 'fragrance of sweetness')→ relational specificationεὐωδία: 'sweet smell / fragrance / aroma'; renders נִיחֹחַ; the genitive of quality denotes the acceptable, pleasing character of the offering; the LORD's acceptance is figured as inhaling a pleasing scent; cf. Phil 4:18 (ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας of the Philippians' gift).
θυσίασμαoffering / sacrificeNominativepredicate nominative (with ἐστίν)→ participant prominenceθυσίασμα: 'offering / that which is sacrificed'; a by-form of θυσία; renders אִשֶּׁה ('offering by fire'); the closing classification θυσίασμα κυρίῳ ἐστίν ('it is an offering to the LORD') labels the whole act as a sacrifice belonging to YHWH.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient/possession→ sphere or referenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the offering belongs to YHWH.
ἐστίνit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (classifying the offering)→ stative present (definitional)εἰμί: 'be'; the present copula gives the definitional classification of the act as a sacrifice to the LORD.
19
καὶ λήμψῃ τὸν κριὸν τὸν δεύτερον καὶ ἐπιθήσει Ααρων καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ κριοῦ
And you shall take the second ram, and Aaron and his sons shall lay their hands on the head of the ram.
The third and central sacrificial movement begins: the second ram, soon named κριὸς τελειώσεως ('ram of consecration', v. 22), receives the hand-laying. Note the singular verb ἐπιθήσει with the compound subject Ααρων καὶ οἱ υἱοί — a constructio ad sensum (or attraction to the nearer/leading subject Aaron), where vv. 10, 15 used the plural ἐπιθήσουσιν; the variation is purely stylistic, not a difference in the rite.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψῃyou shall takeFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking the second ram)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall take')λαμβάνω: 'take'; introduces the ram of consecration into the rite.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριὸνramAccusativedirect object of λήμψῃ→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; the second ram, the ram of consecration (κριὸς τελειώσεως, v. 22).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (attributive with δεύτερον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεύτερονsecondAccusativeordinal adjective (modifying κριόν)→ object specificationδεύτερος: 'second'; distinguishes this ram (of consecration) from τὸν ἕνα, the first ram (whole burnt offering, v. 15).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσειshall layFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (hand-laying; singular verb with compound subject)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'shall lay')ἐπιτίθημι: the hand-laying rite; the singular ἐπιθήσει (against the plural ἐπιθήσουσιν of vv. 10, 15) agrees grammatically with the nearer leading subject Aaron, a common Greek/Hebraizing constructio ad sensum where a singular verb precedes a compound subject; the meaning is unchanged (Aaron and his sons together lay on hands).
ΑαρωνAaronnominative subject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; nominative subject.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativenominative subject (coordinate with Ααρων)→ participant prominenceυἱός: the sons join Aaron, though the verb stands in the singular.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of ἐπιθήσει→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; laid on the ram's head.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the ram's head)→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head'; focal point of the hand-laying.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριοῦramGenitivegenitive of possession (the ram's head)→ relational specificationκριός: 'ram'; the ram of consecration.
20
καὶ σφάξεις αὐτὸν καὶ λήμψῃ τοῦ αἵματος αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπιθήσεις ἐπὶ τὸν λοβὸν τοῦ ὠτὸς Ααρων τοῦ δεξιοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρον τῆς χειρὸς τῆς δεξιᾶς καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρον τοῦ ποδὸς τοῦ δεξιοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς λοβοὺς τῶν ὤτων τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ τῶν δεξιῶν καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ ἄκρα τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν τῶν δεξιῶν καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ ἄκρα τῶν ποδῶν αὐτῶν τῶν δεξιῶν
And you shall slaughter it and take some of its blood, and put it on the tip of Aaron's right ear, and on the tip of his right hand, and on the tip of his right foot, and on the tips of the right ears of his sons, and on the tips of their right hands, and on the tips of their right feet.
The distinctive blood-rite of ordination: the ram's blood is applied to the extremities — the right ear, the right thumb, and the right big toe — of Aaron and each of his sons. The sevenfold repetition of 'right' (δεξιός), the ascending/descending parallel between Aaron and the sons, and the consecration of the organs of hearing, action, and walking together sanctify the whole person for priestly service. The same rite consecrates the cleansed leper (Lev 14:14), linking purification and consecration.
Word-by-word analysis· 63 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σφάξειςyou shall slaughterFut Act Indic 2 Sg · σφάζωmain verb (slaughter of the consecration ram)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall slay')σφάζω: 'slaughter (ritually)'; as at vv. 11, 16.
αὐτὸνitAccusativedirect object of σφάξεις (the ram)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of σφάξεις (the ram).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψῃyou shall takeFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking some of the blood)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall take')λαμβάνω: 'take'; with the partitive genitive τοῦ αἵματος ('some of the blood').
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (partitive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἵματοςbloodGenitivepartitive genitive (object of λήμψῃ)→ relational specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; the ram's blood, now applied to the priests' extremities to consecrate them.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of source (the ram's blood)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of source (the ram's blood).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσειςyou shall putFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (applying the blood to the extremities)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall put')ἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon'; here of daubing the blood on the ear, thumb, and toe — the consecratory application to the body's extremities.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοβὸνlobe / tipAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the ear-lobe)→ object specificationλοβός: 'lobe / lap / tip'; here the lobe (lower tip) of the ear; the same word used at v. 13 of the lobe of the liver — its sense 'projecting/hanging part'; renders תְּנוּךְ ('tip of the ear'). The consecration of the ear sanctifies hearing/obedience to the divine word.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὠτὸςearGenitivegenitive of possession (the lobe of the ear)→ relational specificationοὖς (gen. ὠτός): 'ear'; renders אֹזֶן; the right ear of Aaron consecrated by blood — the organ of hearing the LORD's commands.
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of possession (indeclinable: 'Aaron's ear')→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; here genitive ('Aaron's').
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (attributive with δεξιοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιοῦrightGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying ὠτός: 'the right ear')→ relational specificationδεξιός: 'right (hand/side)'; renders יְמָנִי; the right side denotes honour, strength, and favour; its sevenfold repetition in this verse (ear, hand, foot of Aaron and of the sons) consecrates the dominant, active side of the priest's body; the 'right hand' is a place of divine favour and power throughout Scripture (Ps 110:1; cf. καθίσας ἐν δεξιᾷ, Heb 1:3).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄκρονtip / extremityAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the tip/thumb of the hand)→ object specificationἄκρον: 'tip / extremity / end'; here the tip of the hand, i.e. the thumb; renders בֹּהֶן ('thumb'); the consecration of the hand sanctifies the priest's action and service.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρὸςhandGenitivegenitive of possession (the tip of the hand)→ relational specificationχείρ (gen. χειρός): 'hand'; the right hand, the instrument of priestly action, consecrated by blood at its tip (thumb).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (attributive with δεξιᾶς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιᾶςrightGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying χειρός: 'the right hand')→ relational specificationδεξιός (fem. δεξιά): 'right'; the right hand specifically.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄκρονtip / extremityAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the tip/big toe of the foot)→ object specificationἄκρον: 'tip'; here the tip of the foot, i.e. the big toe; the consecration of the foot sanctifies the priest's walk/conduct in holy service.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποδὸςfootGenitivegenitive of possession (the tip of the foot)→ relational specificationπούς (gen. ποδός): 'foot'; renders רֶגֶל; the right foot, consecrated at its tip (big toe).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (attributive with δεξιοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιοῦrightGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying ποδός: 'the right foot')→ relational specificationδεξιός: 'right'; the right foot.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (transition to the sons)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοβοὺςlobes / tipsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the ear-lobes of the sons)→ object specificationλοβός: 'lobe / tip'; plural for the several sons' ears; the same consecration extended from the high priest to all the priests.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὤτωνearsGenitivegenitive of possession (the lobes of the ears)→ relational specificationοὖς (gen. pl. ὤτων): 'ear'; the right ears of the sons.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of possession (the sons' ears)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; the priests, sharing in the same blood-consecration as Aaron.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Aaron's sons)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Aaron's sons).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (attributive with δεξιῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιῶνrightGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying ὤτων: 'the right ears')→ relational specificationδεξιός: 'right'; the right ears of the sons.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄκραtips / extremitiesAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the thumbs of the sons)→ object specificationἄκρον: 'tip'; plural for the sons' thumbs (tips of the right hands).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρῶνhandsGenitivegenitive of possession (the tips of the hands)→ relational specificationχείρ (gen. pl. χειρῶν): 'hand'; the right hands of the sons.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the sons')→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the sons').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (attributive with δεξιῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιῶνrightGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying χειρῶν: 'the right hands')→ relational specificationδεξιός: 'right'; the right hands of the sons.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄκραtips / extremitiesAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the big toes of the sons)→ object specificationἄκρον: 'tip'; plural for the sons' big toes (tips of the right feet); the blood-rite thus encompasses ear, hand, and foot of every priest.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποδῶνfeetGenitivegenitive of possession (the tips of the feet)→ relational specificationπούς (gen. pl. ποδῶν): 'foot'; the right feet of the sons.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the sons')→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the sons').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (attributive with δεξιῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιῶνrightGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying ποδῶν: 'the right feet')→ relational specificationδεξιός: 'right'; the right feet of the sons, completing the sevenfold consecration of the priestly body's right side.
21
καὶ λήμψῃ ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐλαίου τῆς χρίσεως καὶ ῥανεῖς ἐπὶ Ααρων καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν στολὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς στολὰς τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἁγιασθήσεται αὐτὸς καὶ ἡ στολὴ αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ αἱ στολαὶ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ τὸ δὲ αἷμα τοῦ κριοῦ προσχεεῖς πρὸς τὸ θυσιαστήριον κύκλῳ
And you shall take some of the blood that is on the altar and some of the anointing oil, and sprinkle it on Aaron and on his garment, and on his sons and on the garments of his sons with him; and he shall be sanctified, he and his garment, and his sons and the garments of his sons with him; but the blood of the ram you shall dash against the altar all around.
Blood from the altar mixed with anointing oil is sprinkled (ῥανεῖς) on the priests and their garments, and the result is declared: ἁγιασθήσεται ('he shall be sanctified') — the passive verb naming the goal of the whole rite. The fourfold list (Aaron, his garment, his sons, their garments) is repeated in full, underscoring the totality of the consecration. The δέ-clause then disposes of the remaining ram's blood by dashing it around the altar (cf. v. 16).
Word-by-word analysis· 67 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψῃyou shall takeFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking blood and oil)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall take')λαμβάνω: 'take'; with partitive ἀπό + genitive, here of taking both blood (from the altar) and anointing oil.
ἀπὸsome ofpreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: partitive, 'some of the blood'.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἵματοςbloodGenitivepartitive genitive (object of λήμψῃ)→ relational specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; the blood now combined with oil for the consecratory sprinkling — the union of blood (atonement) and oil (anointing) sanctifies the priests.
τοῦthe [blood]Genitivearticle (substantizing the following ἀπό-phrase: 'that which is from the altar')→ noun-phrase markingὁ, ἡ, τό: the article τοῦ here substantivizes the prepositional phrase ἀπὸ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου ('the [blood] from the altar'), specifying which blood is meant — that already dashed/collected at the altar.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source: from the altar)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: from the altar).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarGenitivegenitive of source (the blood from the altar)→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; the source of the consecrating blood.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸsome ofpreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'some of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλαίουoilGenitivepartitive genitive (the second substance: the anointing oil)→ relational specificationἔλαιον: 'oil'; the anointing oil combined with blood; blood and oil together — atonement and consecration — effect the sanctification.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρίσεωςof anointingGenitivegenitive of description (the oil's purpose: anointing oil)→ relational specificationχρίσις: 'anointing'; a near-synonym of χρίσμα (v. 7); τὸ ἔλαιον τῆς χρίσεως, 'the oil of anointing', the consecrated unction.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (the sprinkling act)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥανεῖςyou shall sprinkleFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ῥαίνωmain verb (sprinkling blood and oil on the priests)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall sprinkle')ῥαίνω: 'sprinkle'; renders הִזָּה; distinct from προσχέω ('dash', v. 16) and ἐκχέω ('pour out', v. 12) — sprinkling is a finer application of drops; the cognate ῥαντισμός ('sprinkling') is used in Hebrews of the blood of Christ (Heb 12:24; 1 Pet 1:2 ῥαντισμὸν αἵματος).
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
ΑαρωνAaronaccusative object of ἐπί (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; the first recipient of the sprinkling.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὴνgarmentAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (Aaron's garment)→ object specificationστολή: 'garment / robe'; the holy vestments themselves are sanctified by the blood-and-oil sprinkling, sharing in the consecration of their wearer.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the sons)→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; the priests sprinkled with blood and oil along with Aaron.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὰςgarmentsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the sons' garments)→ object specificationστολή: 'garment'; the sons' vestments, also sanctified.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of possession (the sons' garments)→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive of possession (the sons' garments).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
μετ᾿withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: 'with'; μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ ('with him') marks the sons and their garments as sanctified together with Aaron.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of μετά (Aaron)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μετά (Aaron).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (result clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁγιασθήσεταιhe shall be sanctifiedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἁγιάζωmain verb (the declared result: sanctification)→ predictive future passive (the divine result of the rite)ἁγιάζω: 'sanctify / make holy'; the future passive ἁγιασθήσεται names the goal and effect of the whole sprinkling — the priests and their garments are made holy; the passive implies divine agency (the 'divine passive'): it is God who sanctifies through the rite; cf. John 17:19 (ἵνα ὦσιν … ἡγιασμένοι); Heb 10:10, 14.
αὐτὸςhe himselfNominativesubject of ἁγιασθήσεται (Aaron, emphatic)→ participant prominenceαὐτός: 'he himself'; the emphatic nominative subject heads the list of those sanctified — Aaron first, then garment, sons, and their garments.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὴgarmentNominativesubject (coordinate: his garment is sanctified)→ participant prominenceστολή: 'garment'; sanctified along with Aaron.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (coordinate: his sons are sanctified)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons are sanctified with Aaron.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολαὶgarmentsNominativesubject (coordinate: the sons' garments are sanctified)→ participant prominenceστολή: 'garment'; the sons' vestments complete the list of what is sanctified.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive of possession.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
μετ᾿withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingμετ᾿: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (accompaniment).
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of μετά (Aaron)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μετά (Aaron).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with αἷμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutadversative (post-positive: contrasting the remaining blood)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: post-positive; marks the shift to the disposal of the rest of the ram's blood.
αἷμαbloodAccusativedirect object of προσχεεῖς (fronted)→ object specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; the remaining blood of the consecration ram, dashed against the altar.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριοῦramGenitivegenitive of possession (the ram's blood)→ relational specificationκριός: 'ram'; the consecration ram.
προσχεεῖςyou shall dashFut Act Indic 2 Sg · προσχέωmain verb (dashing the remaining blood on the altar)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall dash')προσχέω: 'dash against'; as at v. 16; the remaining blood is thrown against the altar's sides.
πρὸςagainst / onpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; the object against which the blood is dashed.
κύκλῳround about / all aroundadverbial dative (encircling)→ clausal contributionκύκλῳ: 'round about'; the blood dashed on all sides of the altar, as at v. 16.
22
καὶ λήμψῃ ἀπὸ τοῦ κριοῦ τὸ στέαρ αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸ στέαρ τὸ κατακαλύπτον τὴν κοιλίαν καὶ τὸν λοβὸν τοῦ ἥπατος καὶ τοὺς δύο νεφροὺς καὶ τὸ στέαρ τὸ ἐπ᾿ αὐτῶν καὶ τὸν βραχίονα τὸν δεξιόν ἔστιν γὰρ τελείωσις αὕτη
And you shall take from the ram its fat, both the fat that covers the belly, and the lobe of the liver, and the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, and the right shoulder — for this is a consecration —
The fat portions of the consecration ram are listed (paralleling v. 13 for the bull), but with two additions proper to the ordination: the right shoulder (τὸν βραχίονα τὸν δεξιόν) and the explanatory clause ἔστιν γὰρ τελείωσις αὕτη ('for this is a consecration'). The noun τελείωσις names the entire rite and the ram (κριὸς τελειώσεως); it is the LXX's standard rendering of מִלֻּאִים ('ordination / filling').
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψῃyou shall takeFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking the ram's portions)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall take')λαμβάνω: 'take'; here of the fat parts and shoulder of the consecration ram.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριοῦramGenitivegenitive of source (from the ram)→ relational specificationκριός: 'ram'; the consecration ram, from which the portions are taken.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativedirect object of λήμψῃ→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat'; the ram's fat, the LORD's portion, as with the bull (v. 13).
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the ram's fat)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the ram's fat).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativedirect object (the fat covering the belly)→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat'; specified by the participle as the fat covering the entrails.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (attributive with the participle)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατακαλύπτονcoveringPres Act Ptcp Acc Sg Neut · κατακαλύπτωattributive participle (modifying στέαρ: 'the fat that covers')→ durative present participle (the fat as it lies covering the belly)κατακαλύπτω: 'cover completely / veil'; the present participle describes the caul/membrane of fat that envelops the entrails; the same verb is used of veiling the head at 1 Cor 11:6–7.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλίανbelly / entrailsAccusativedirect object of κατακαλύπτον (what the fat covers)→ object specificationκοιλία: 'belly / entrails'; the abdominal organs covered by the caul of fat.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοβὸνlobeAccusativedirect object (the lobe of the liver)→ object specificationλοβός: 'lobe'; the caudate lobe of the liver, as in v. 13.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥπατοςliverGenitivegenitive of possession (the liver's lobe)→ relational specificationἧπαρ (gen. ἥπατος): 'liver'; cf. v. 13.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (indeclinable, modifying νεφρούς)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; both kidneys.
νεφροὺςkidneysAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationνεφρός: 'kidney'; cf. v. 13; the kidneys with their fat reserved for God.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativedirect object (the fat on the kidneys)→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat'; the fat surrounding the kidneys.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (attributive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπ᾿on / uponpreposition + genitive (elided; location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (elided; location).
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of ἐπ᾿ (the kidneys)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἐπ᾿ (the kidneys).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (the distinctive portion)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βραχίοναarm / shoulderAccusativedirect object (the right shoulder/foreleg)→ object specificationβραχίων: 'arm / shoulder / foreleg'; renders שׁוֹק ('thigh/shoulder'); the right shoulder is the priest's special portion (cf. v. 27 the heave-offering); βραχίων is also the LXX's word for God's 'arm' of deliverance (Exod 6:6; Luke 1:51).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (attributive with δεξιόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιόνrightAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying βραχίονα)→ object specificationδεξιός: 'right'; the right shoulder, the choicest and most honoured portion, set apart for the priest.
ἔστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (explanatory clause: 'for this is...')→ stative present (definitional)εἰμί: 'be'; the accented ἔστιν heads the explanatory γάρ-clause naming the rite.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: 'for'; introduces the explanation that this assemblage of portions constitutes the consecration-offering.
τελείωσιςconsecration / ordinationNominativepredicate nominative (with ἔστιν)→ participant prominenceτελείωσις: 'completion / perfection / consecration'; renders מִלֻּאִים ('installation / fillings'); the abstract noun of the verb τελειόω τὰς χεῖρας (v. 9); it names both the rite and the ram (κριὸς τελειώσεως, vv. 26, 27, 31, 34); in Hebrews the cognate τελείωσις/τελειόω is theologically central — the law 'made nothing perfect' (Heb 7:11, 19), but Christ perfects (τετελείωκεν) the sanctified (Heb 10:14).
αὕτηthisNominativesubject (demonstrative: 'this [is a consecration]')→ participant referenceοὗτος (fem. αὕτη): 'this'; refers to the whole assemblage of portions just listed, identifying it as the consecration-offering.
23
καὶ ἄρτον ἕνα ἐξ ἐλαίου καὶ λάγανον ἓν ἀπὸ τοῦ κανοῦ τῶν ἀζύμων τῶν προτεθειμένων ἔναντι κυρίου
and one loaf made with oil, and one wafer, from the basket of the unleavened bread that is set out before the LORD;
The cereal items prepared in v. 2 are now drawn from the basket and joined to the fat and shoulder for the wave-offering of v. 24. One loaf, one wafer — a representative portion of each kind — are taken from the basket of unleavened bread 'set out before the LORD' (τῶν προτεθειμένων ἔναντι κυρίου), language anticipating the 'bread of the Presence' (ἄρτοι τῆς προθέσεως).
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (continuing the object-list of λήμψῃ, v. 22)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄρτονloaf / breadAccusativeaccusative (further object of λήμψῃ from v. 22)→ object specificationἄρτος: 'loaf'; one of the oil-mixed loaves of v. 2, now taken for the wave-offering.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral adjective (modifying ἄρτον)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; a single representative loaf.
ἐξof / made withpreposition + genitive (composition/material)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ/ἐξ: 'from / of'; ἐξ ἐλαίου ('of oil / made with oil') describes the loaf as the oil-mixed bread of v. 2.
ἐλαίουoilGenitivegenitive with ἐξ (the loaf's composition)→ relational specificationἔλαιον: 'oil'; the loaf is the one mixed with oil (πεφυραμένος ἐν ἐλαίῳ, v. 2).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λάγανονwaferAccusativeaccusative (further object of λήμψῃ)→ object specificationλάγανον: 'thin cake / wafer'; one of the oil-anointed wafers of v. 2.
ἓνoneAccusativenumeral adjective (modifying λάγανον)→ measure or countεἷς (neut. ἕν): 'one'; a single representative wafer.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source: from the basket)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: from the basket).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κανοῦbasketGenitivegenitive of source (the basket of bread)→ relational specificationκανοῦν (gen. κανοῦ): 'basket'; the basket of v. 3 holding the consecration bread.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀζύμωνunleavened breadGenitivegenitive (the unleavened bread in the basket)→ relational specificationἄζυμος: 'unleavened'; substantival genitive plural, 'the unleavened (loaves)'; the basket of unleavened bread.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (attributive with the participle)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προτεθειμένωνset out / set forthPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Gen Pl · προτίθημιattributive participle (modifying ἀζύμων: 'the bread that is set out')→ resultative perfect participle (settled state: 'having been set out')προτίθημι: 'set before / set forth / display'; the perfect passive participle denotes the bread's settled state of being placed before the LORD; cognate with πρόθεσις, used of the 'bread of the Presence' (ἄρτοι τῆς προθέσεως, Exod 25:30; Matt 12:4; Heb 9:2); the same root underlies Paul's προέθετο of Christ 'set forth' as ἱλαστήριον (Rom 3:25).
ἔναντιbefore / in the presence ofpreposition + genitive (locative: in the divine presence)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before'; the bread is set out coram Deo, before the LORD.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι (the Tetragrammaton)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
24
καὶ ἐπιθήσεις τὰ πάντα ἐπὶ τὰς χεῖρας Ααρων καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς χεῖρας τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀφοριεῖς αὐτοὺς ἀφόρισμα ἔναντι κυρίου
and you shall place all of these on the hands of Aaron and on the hands of his sons, and you shall set them apart as a wave-offering before the LORD.
Here the 'filling of the hands' is enacted literally: all the portions (τὰ πάντα — fat, shoulder, bread) are placed on the hands of Aaron and his sons, then 'set apart' (ἀφοριεῖς … ἀφόρισμα) before the LORD. This is the gesture behind the τελειόω τὰς χεῖρας idiom; ἀφόρισμα is the LXX's rendering of the 'wave-offering' (תְּנוּפָה), the portion ceremonially elevated/separated as the LORD's.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσειςyou shall placeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (placing the portions on the priests' hands)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall place')ἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon'; here the literal enactment of 'filling the hands' — the offerings are laid on the priests' open hands, the gesture that gives the idiom τελειόω τὰς χεῖρας its concrete meaning.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάνταall things / all of theseAccusativedirect object of ἐπιθήσεις (the whole set of portions)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; τὰ πάντα gathers all the portions of vv. 22–23 (fat, shoulder, loaf, wafer) into one object placed on the priests' hands.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (Aaron's hands)→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; the hands literally filled with the offerings — the physical sense behind τελειόω τὰς χεῖρας (v. 9).
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of possession (indeclinable: 'Aaron's hands')→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; here genitive ('Aaron's').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the sons' hands)→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; the sons' hands likewise filled.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of possession (the sons' hands)→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive of possession (the sons' hands).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (the wave-offering)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφοριεῖςyou shall set apartFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀφορίζωmain verb (the wave/separation rite)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall set apart')ἀφορίζω: 'separate / set apart / mark off'; renders הֵנִיף ('wave') here interpreted as 'separate'; the LXX construes the תְּנוּפָה ('wave-offering') as a 'setting apart' (ἀφόρισμα) of the portion as the LORD's; the verb is used theologically of God 'setting apart' Paul from the womb (Gal 1:15) and of separating sheep from goats (Matt 25:32).
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of ἀφοριεῖς (the portions)→ participant referenceαὐτός: the neuter-plural sense ('them' = the portions) construed as masculine by attraction; the portions are ceremonially set apart.
ἀφόρισμαa separation / wave-offeringAccusativeaccusative of inner object / appositional (cognate with ἀφοριεῖς)→ object specificationἀφόρισμα: 'that which is set apart / separated portion / wave-offering'; renders תְּנוּפָה; the cognate noun (ἀφορίζω + -μα) functions as a cognate accusative ('set apart as a setting-apart'), a Hebraizing intensification; the portion 'waved' before the LORD and thereby consecrated.
ἔναντιbeforepreposition + genitive (locative: in the divine presence)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before'; the setting-apart is done coram Deo.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι (the Tetragrammaton)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
25
καὶ λήμψῃ αὐτὰ ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν καὶ ἀνοίσεις ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον τῆς ὁλοκαυτώσεως εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας ἔναντι κυρίου κάρπωμά ἐστιν κυρίῳ
And you shall take them from their hands and offer them up on the altar of the whole burnt offering, for a fragrance of sweet savour before the LORD; it is an offering by fire to the LORD.
The portions, having been laid on the priests' hands and 'waved', are now taken back from their hands and burned on the altar. The hand-filling was thus symbolic and momentary; the actual consumption is God's. The closing classification κάρπωμά ἐστιν κυρίῳ ('it is an offering by fire to the LORD') labels the act, with the same ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας formula as v. 18.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψῃyou shall takeFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking the portions back)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall take')λαμβάνω: 'take'; here taking the portions back from the priests' hands for burning.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object of λήμψῃ (the portions)→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of λήμψῃ (the portions).
ἐκfrom / out ofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρῶνhandsGenitivegenitive of source (from the priests' hands)→ relational specificationχείρ: 'hand'; the portions taken back from the hands that had been 'filled' — the symbolic filling completed, the offering ascends to God.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the priests')→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the priests').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνοίσειςyou shall offer upFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀναφέρωmain verb (offering the portions on the altar)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall offer up')ἀναφέρω: 'offer up / bring up'; as at v. 18; the portions ascend in smoke to God.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; here qualified as the altar 'of the whole burnt offering.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαυτώσεωςof the whole burnt offeringGenitivegenitive of description (qualifying θυσιαστήριον)→ relational specificationὁλοκαύτωσις: 'whole burnt offering / the act of burning whole'; a near-synonym of ὁλοκαύτωμα (v. 18); the altar of burnt offering, where the portions are wholly consumed by fire.
εἰςfor / untopreposition + accusative (purpose/result)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose/result).
ὀσμὴνfragranceAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationὀσμή: 'smell / fragrance'; the εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας formula, as at v. 18.
εὐωδίαςof sweet savourGenitivegenitive of quality (qualifying ὀσμήν)→ relational specificationεὐωδία: 'sweet smell'; the acceptable, pleasing character of the offering.
ἔναντιbeforepreposition + genitive (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before'; the offering ascends before the LORD.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι (the Tetragrammaton)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
κάρπωμάoffering by fireNominativepredicate nominative (with ἐστιν)→ participant prominenceκάρπωμα: 'offering by fire / burnt offering'; renders אִשֶּׁה ('fire-offering') and קָרְבָּן; from καρπόω ('offer up by burning'); a distinctively LXX cultic term for that which is offered up in smoke; cf. vv. 41, the daily κάρπωμα.
ἐστινit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (classifying the offering)→ stative present (definitional)εἰμί: 'be'; the closing definitional classification.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (the offering belongs to YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the offering is to/for YHWH.
26
καὶ λήμψῃ τὸ στηθύνιον ἀπὸ τοῦ κριοῦ τῆς τελειώσεως ὅ ἐστιν Ααρων καὶ ἀφοριεῖς αὐτὸ ἀφόρισμα ἔναντι κυρίου καὶ ἔσται σοι ἐν μερίδι
And you shall take the breast from the ram of consecration, which is Aaron's, and set it apart as a wave-offering before the LORD; and it shall be your portion.
The breast (στηθύνιον) of the consecration ram is 'waved' (ἀφοριεῖς … ἀφόρισμα) and then assigned to Moses, the officiant, as his personal portion (ἔσται σοι ἐν μερίδι). At this inaugural ordination Moses acts as priest, and so receives the priest's share; thereafter the breast belongs to Aaron's house (v. 28; cf. Lev 7:31).
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψῃyou shall takeFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking the breast)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall take')λαμβάνω: 'take'; here of the breast portion.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στηθύνιονbreastAccusativedirect object of λήμψῃ→ object specificationστηθύνιον: 'breast / brisket'; renders חָזֶה; the breast of the sacrificial animal, the priests' portion of peace-offerings (the 'wave-breast', Lev 7:34); a diminutive-form of στῆθος ('chest').
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριοῦramGenitivegenitive of source (from the ram)→ relational specificationκριός: 'ram'; the ram of consecration.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τελειώσεωςof consecrationGenitivegenitive of description (qualifying κριοῦ: 'ram of consecration')→ relational specificationτελείωσις: 'consecration / ordination'; the phrase κριὸς τῆς τελειώσεως ('ram of consecration') is the technical name of the second ram (cf. v. 22); renders אֵיל הַמִּלֻּאִים.
ὅwhichNominativerelative pronoun (neuter, antecedent στηθύνιον or the ram)→ participant referenceὅς (neut. ὅ): 'which'; the relative clause ὅ ἐστιν Ααρων ('which is Aaron's') marks the breast as belonging by right to Aaron's portion, though at this rite assigned to Moses.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (relative clause: 'which is Aaron's')→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'; with the genitive of possession Ααρων ('belongs to Aaron').
ΑαρωνAaron'sgenitive of possession (indeclinable: 'belongs to Aaron')→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; genitive of possession — the breast belongs by right to Aaron (the priestly office).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφοριεῖςyou shall set apartFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀφορίζωmain verb (the wave/separation rite)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall set apart')ἀφορίζω: 'set apart / separate'; the breast is 'waved' (set apart) before the LORD, as in v. 24.
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object of ἀφοριεῖς (the breast)→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἀφοριεῖς (the breast).
ἀφόρισμαa wave-offering / separated portionAccusativecognate accusative (with ἀφοριεῖς)→ object specificationἀφόρισμα: 'separated portion / wave-offering'; cognate accusative, as in v. 24.
ἔναντιbeforepreposition + genitive (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before'; coram Deo.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι (the Tetragrammaton)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (the assignment of the portion)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (the breast becomes Moses' portion)→ predictive future (assignment of the priest's share)εἰμί: 'be'; ἔσται σοι ἐν μερίδι ('it shall be to you as a portion') assigns the breast to Moses as officiant at this inaugural rite.
σοιto you / yoursDativedative of possession (Moses')→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. σοι): 'to you'; Moses, acting as priest at the ordination, receives the breast.
ἐνas / forpreposition + dative (Hebraizing: 'as a portion')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: here ἐν μερίδι ('as a portion') is a Hebraism (rendering לְמָנָה) — ἐν of predication/result, marking what the breast becomes for Moses.
μερίδιportion / shareDativedative with ἐν (the role assigned: a portion)→ sphere or referenceμερίς: 'portion / share / allotted part'; renders מָנָה / חֵלֶק; the priest's due from the sacrifice; cf. the spiritual sense at Acts 8:21 (μερὶς ἐν τῷ λόγῳ) and Col 1:12 (τὴν μερίδα τοῦ κλήρου τῶν ἁγίων).
27
καὶ ἁγιάσεις τὸ στηθύνιον ἀφόρισμα καὶ τὸν βραχίονα τοῦ ἀφαιρέματος ὃς ἀφώρισται καὶ ὃς ἀφῄρηται ἀπὸ τοῦ κριοῦ τῆς τελειώσεως ἀπὸ τοῦ Ααρων καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ
And you shall sanctify the breast as a wave-offering and the shoulder of the heave-offering, which has been set apart and which has been removed from the ram of consecration, from Aaron and from his sons.
The two priestly portions are formally sanctified: the breast as ἀφόρισμα (wave-offering) and the shoulder as ἀφαίρεμα (heave-offering). The two near-synonyms (ἀφόρισμα 'that set apart' / ἀφαίρεμα 'that taken off') with their cognate perfect verbs (ἀφώρισται / ἀφῄρηται) render the Hebrew pair תְּנוּפָה ('wave') and תְּרוּמָה ('heave/contribution'); these become the permanent priestly dues established in v. 28.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁγιάσειςyou shall sanctifyFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἁγιάζωmain verb (sanctifying the priestly portions)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall sanctify')ἁγιάζω: 'sanctify / set apart as holy'; the chapter's governing verb; here the breast and shoulder are consecrated as the perpetual holy dues of the priests.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στηθύνιονbreastAccusativedirect object of ἁγιάσεις→ object specificationστηθύνιον: 'breast'; the wave-offering portion (cf. v. 26).
ἀφόρισμαwave-offering / separated portionAccusativeappositive (the breast classified as a wave-offering)→ object specificationἀφόρισμα: 'separated portion / wave-offering'; renders תְּנוּפָה ('wave-offering'); in apposition to στηθύνιον — the breast is the 'wave' portion.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βραχίοναshoulder / armAccusativedirect object of ἁγιάσεις (coordinate with στηθύνιον)→ object specificationβραχίων: 'shoulder / foreleg'; the heave-offering portion (cf. v. 22, the right shoulder).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφαιρέματοςof the heave-offeringGenitivegenitive of description (the shoulder of the heave-offering)→ relational specificationἀφαίρεμα: 'that which is removed / heave-offering / contribution'; renders תְּרוּמָה ('contribution / heave-offering'); from ἀφαιρέω ('take away'); the shoulder is the 'heave' portion, complementing the breast's 'wave'; the noun governs the priestly-dues legislation of v. 28.
ὃςwhichNominativerelative pronoun (masc., antecedent βραχίονα)→ participant referenceὅς: 'which'; relative referring to the shoulder (βραχίων, masc.).
ἀφώρισταιhas been set apartPerf Mid/Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀφορίζωverb of relative clause (perfect: settled state of being set apart)→ resultative perfect (abiding state: 'stands set apart')ἀφορίζω: 'set apart'; the perfect passive denotes the abiding, settled status of the portion as separated for the priests; cognate with ἀφόρισμα.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὃςwhichNominativerelative pronoun (masc., antecedent βραχίονα)→ participant referenceὅς: 'which'; second relative, paralleling the first.
ἀφῄρηταιhas been removed / taken offPerf Mid/Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀφαιρέωverb of relative clause (perfect: settled state of removal)→ resultative perfect (abiding state: 'stands removed')ἀφαιρέω: 'take away / remove'; the perfect passive denotes the portion's settled state of having been taken off the ram; cognate with ἀφαίρεμα; the two parallel perfects (ἀφώρισται / ἀφῄρηται) match the two nouns (ἀφόρισμα / ἀφαίρεμα), reflecting the Hebrew wave/heave word-pair.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριοῦramGenitivegenitive of source (from the ram)→ relational specificationκριός: 'ram'; the ram of consecration.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τελειώσεωςof consecrationGenitivegenitive of description (qualifying κριοῦ)→ relational specificationτελείωσις: 'consecration'; the ram of consecration, source of the priestly portions.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from Aaron')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: 'from Aaron').
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with indeclinable Ααρων)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑαρωνAarongenitive with ἀπό (indeclinable: 'from Aaron['s portion]')→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; the article τοῦ marks the genitive; the portions are reckoned from Aaron and his sons' share of the offering.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive with ἀπό (from the sons)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; the priests, from whose share the portions are reckoned.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Aaron's sons)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Aaron's sons).
28
καὶ ἔσται Ααρων καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτοῦ νόμιμον αἰώνιον παρὰ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ ἔστιν γὰρ ἀφαίρεμα τοῦτο καὶ ἀφαίρεμα ἔσται παρὰ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ ἀπὸ τῶν θυμάτων τῶν σωτηρίων τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ ἀφαίρεμα κυρίῳ
And it shall be for Aaron and for his sons a perpetual due from the sons of Israel; for it is a heave-offering, and it shall be a heave-offering from the sons of Israel, from their peace-offerings — their heave-offering to the LORD.
The breast and shoulder are established as a perpetual statute (νόμιμον αἰώνιον) for the priests, drawn from the people's peace-offerings. The heavy repetition of ἀφαίρεμα (×3) and 'sons of Israel' (×3) hammers home the permanence and source of the priestly due. The peace-offerings (θύματα σωτηρίων) are the standing supply from which the priests' portions are taken throughout Israel's history.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (establishing the perpetual due)→ predictive future (perpetual ordinance)εἰμί: 'be'; ἔσται … νόμιμον ('it shall be a statute') establishes the priestly portion as a permanent ordinance.
Ααρωνfor Aarondative of advantage (indeclinable: 'for Aaron')→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; here construed as dative ('for Aaron'), parallel to τοῖς υἱοῖς; the due belongs to the high priest and his sons.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςthe / for theDativearticle (dative of advantage)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of advantage ('for his sons')→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; the priests, beneficiaries of the perpetual due.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
νόμιμονstatute / dueNominativepredicate nominative (with ἔσται: 'shall be a statute')→ participant prominenceνόμιμον: 'statute / ordinance / lawful due'; renders חֹק; a binding, lawful entitlement; the priestly portion is fixed by perpetual ordinance.
αἰώνιονperpetual / everlastingNominativeattributive adjective (modifying νόμιμον)→ participant prominenceαἰώνιος: 'eternal / perpetual'; renders עוֹלָם; νόμιμον αἰώνιον ('a perpetual statute') marks the permanence of the priestly due; the adjective is the NT word for 'eternal' (life, ζωὴ αἰώνιος).
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the sons of Israel')→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + gen.: 'from (the side of)'; the due comes from the people's offerings.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive with παρά (the sons of Israel)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ('the sons of Israel') is the standard LXX designation of the covenant people.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive (indeclinable proper noun: 'of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; here genitive ('of Israel'); the covenant people who supply the priestly portions.
ἔστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (explanatory clause: 'for it is...')→ stative present (definitional)εἰμί: 'be'; the accented ἔστιν heads the explanatory γάρ-clause.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: 'for'; gives the reason the portion is a perpetual due — it is a heave-offering.
ἀφαίρεμαheave-offeringNominativepredicate nominative (with ἔστιν)→ participant prominenceἀφαίρεμα: 'heave-offering / contribution'; renders תְּרוּמָה; the threefold repetition in this verse stresses the offering's character and source.
τοῦτοthisNominativesubject (demonstrative: 'this [is a heave-offering]')→ participant referenceοὗτος (neut. τοῦτο): 'this'; refers to the breast-and-shoulder portion.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφαίρεμαheave-offeringNominativepredicate nominative (with ἔσται)→ participant prominenceἀφαίρεμα: 'heave-offering'; repeated for emphasis.
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (the offering's perpetual status)→ predictive future (perpetual ordinance)εἰμί: 'be'; reaffirms the standing of the portion as a heave-offering from Israel.
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive with παρά (the sons of Israel)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; the people who supply the offering.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; 'of Israel'.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source: from the sacrifices)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: from the sacrifices).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμάτωνsacrifices / slain offeringsGenitivegenitive with ἀπό (the sacrifices of which these are part)→ relational specificationθῦμα: 'sacrifice / slain offering / victim'; renders זֶבַח; the slaughtered offerings from which the priestly portions are drawn; cognate with θυσία, θυσιαστήριον.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (attributive with σωτηρίων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτηρίωνof peace-offerings / salvation-offeringsGenitiveattributive genitive (qualifying θυμάτων: 'peace-offerings')→ relational specificationσωτήριον: 'peace-offering / offering of well-being / salvation'; renders שְׁלָמִים ('peace/fellowship offerings'); the LXX renders the Hebrew by the σωτηρία ('salvation/well-being') root; the shared meal of the peace-offering is the context for the priestly breast and shoulder; cf. τὸ σωτήριον τοῦ θεοῦ, Luke 3:6.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of possession (the peace-offerings of the sons of Israel)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; the third 'sons of Israel' in the verse, underscoring the people as the source.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; 'of Israel'.
ἀφαίρεμαa heave-offeringNominativeappositive/predicate (the portion as Israel's heave-offering to YHWH)→ participant prominenceἀφαίρεμα: 'heave-offering'; the third occurrence, climactically labelling the portion as the people's contribution κυρίῳ ('to the LORD').
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (the heave-offering to YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the heave-offering is rendered to YHWH, who in turn assigns it to the priests.
29
καὶ ἡ στολὴ τοῦ ἁγίου ἥ ἐστιν Ααρων ἔσται τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτοῦ μετ᾿ αὐτόν χρισθῆναι αὐτοὺς ἐν αὐτοῖς καὶ τελειῶσαι τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν
And the holy garment which is Aaron's shall belong to his sons after him, for them to be anointed in them and to have their hands filled.
The chapter turns to the perpetuity of the priesthood: the holy garments pass from Aaron to his sons after him (μετ᾿ αὐτόν). The two infinitives χρισθῆναι ('to be anointed') and τελειῶσαι τὰς χεῖρας ('to have their hands filled') state the purpose — each successor is consecrated by the same anointing and hand-filling, the rite recurring across generations.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὴgarment / robeNominativesubject (the holy vestment)→ participant prominenceστολή: 'robe / garment'; the high-priestly vestments (cf. v. 5), here designated the 'holy garment' that passes by succession.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίουof the holy / of the sanctuaryGenitivegenitive of quality (the holy garment)→ relational specificationἅγιος: 'holy'; ἡ στολὴ τοῦ ἁγίου ('the garment of the holy thing / the holy garment') marks the vestments as consecrated, set apart for sanctuary service; renders בִּגְדֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ.
ἥwhichNominativerelative pronoun (fem., antecedent στολή)→ participant referenceὅς (fem. ἥ): 'which'; the relative clause ἥ ἐστιν Ααρων ('which is Aaron's') identifies the garment as the high priest's.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (relative clause: 'which is Aaron's')→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'; with genitive of possession Ααρων.
ΑαρωνAaron'sgenitive of possession (indeclinable: 'belongs to Aaron')→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; genitive of possession — the garment is Aaron's, to be inherited by his sons.
ἔσταιshall be / shall belongFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (the garment's succession)→ predictive future (perpetual succession)εἰμί: 'be'; ἔσται τοῖς υἱοῖς ('shall be to/for the sons') marks the inheritance of the vestments by successive high priests.
τοῖςthe / for theDativearticle (dative of possession)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of possession (the garment belongs to his sons)→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; specifically the succession of high priests among Aaron's descendants.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
μετ᾿afterpreposition + accusative (temporal: 'after him', elided)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + acc.: 'after'; μετ᾿ αὐτόν ('after him') marks the succession following Aaron's death.
αὐτόνhimAccusativeaccusative object of μετά (Aaron)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of μετά (Aaron).
χρισθῆναιto be anointedAor Pass Inf · χρίωinfinitive of purpose (the garments' purpose: anointing)→ ingressive aorist passive infinitive (purpose: that they be anointed)χρίω: 'anoint'; the passive infinitive states the purpose — the successors are to be anointed (as Aaron was, v. 7) while wearing the holy garments; the anointing continues the priestly line.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive χρισθῆναι (the sons)→ participant referenceαὐτός: accusative subject of the infinitive — 'that they be anointed.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in them' = in the garments)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: 'in'; ἐν αὐτοῖς ('in them') refers to the holy garments worn during the anointing.
αὐτοῖςthem / in themDativedative with ἐν (the garments)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: 'them' = the holy garments; the successor is anointed while vested in them.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (second purpose)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τελειῶσαιto fill / consecrate (the hands)Aor Act Inf · τελειόωinfinitive of purpose (the second purpose: hand-filling)→ ingressive aorist infinitive (purpose: that their hands be filled)τελειόω: 'consecrate / fill (the hands)'; the second purpose-infinitive — the successors' hands are 'filled' in the same installation idiom (cf. v. 9); the rite perpetuates the priesthood across generations.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of τελειῶσαι→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; the hands filled in the consecration idiom.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the successors' hands)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the successors' hands).
30
ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας ἐνδύσεται αὐτὰ ὁ ἱερεὺς ὁ ἀντ᾿ αὐτοῦ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ ὃς εἰσελεύσεται εἰς τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ μαρτυρίου λειτουργεῖν ἐν τοῖς ἁγίοις
Seven days the priest in his place from among his sons shall wear them, who shall enter into the tent of testimony to minister in the holy places.
The fronted ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας ('seven days') introduces the temporal frame of the consecration, recurring at vv. 35, 37. The successor (ὁ ἱερεὺς ὁ ἀντ᾿ αὐτοῦ, 'the priest in his place') wears the garments seven days; the relative clause defines his office — entering the tent to minister (λειτουργεῖν) in the holy places. λειτουργέω is the LXX's word for priestly liturgical service.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἑπτὰsevenAccusativenumeral (indeclinable, with ἡμέρας: accusative of duration)→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; indeclinable; renders שִׁבְעָה; the seven days of consecration (a complete, sacred period); the fronted phrase ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας frames the duration of the rite (cf. vv. 35, 37).
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of duration of time ('for seven days')→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; the accusative of extent marks the seven-day duration of the investiture and consecration.
ἐνδύσεταιshall put on / wearFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐνδύωmain verb (the successor wears the garments)→ predictive future (the ordinance of the successor's investiture)ἐνδύω (mid. ἐνδύσεται): 'put on (oneself) / wear'; the middle voice ('clothe oneself') of the successor donning the holy garments, distinguished from the active ἐνδύσεις ('you shall clothe', vv. 5, 8) where Moses vests Aaron.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object of ἐνδύσεται (the garments)→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐνδύσεται (the garments).
ὁtheNominativearticle (with ἱερεύς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestNominativesubject (the successor high priest)→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; the successor in the high-priestly office; the NT applies ἱερεύς/ἀρχιερεύς to Christ (Heb 5:6) and to believers (1 Pet 2:9; Rev 1:6).
ὁtheNominativearticle (attributive, 'the one in his place')→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀντ᾿in place of / instead ofpreposition + genitive (substitution: 'in his place', elided)→ spatial or relational framingἀντί + gen.: 'instead of / in place of'; ὁ ἀντ᾿ αὐτοῦ ('the one in his place') designates the successor; ἀντί is the key NT preposition for substitution (λύτρον ἀντὶ πολλῶν, Matt 20:28).
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of ἀντί (Aaron, whom the successor replaces)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἀντί (Aaron, whom the successor replaces).
τῶνthe / from among theGenitivearticle (partitive genitive)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivepartitive genitive ('from among his sons')→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; the successor is chosen 'from among his sons' — the high priesthood remains within Aaron's line.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of εἰσελεύσεται)→ participant referenceὅς: 'who'; the relative clause defines the successor by his liturgical function.
εἰσελεύσεταιshall enterFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιverb of relative clause (entering the tent)→ predictive future (the successor's priestly entry)εἰσέρχομαι: 'enter / go in'; renders בּוֹא; of the priest's entry into the sanctuary; the NT uses the verb of Christ entering the heavenly sanctuary (Heb 9:12, 24 εἰσῆλθεν).
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction of entry)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of entry).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtentAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationσκηνή: 'tent'; the tent of testimony, entered for priestly service.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof testimonyGenitivegenitive of description→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony'; cf. v. 4.
λειτουργεῖνto minister / servePres Act Inf · λειτουργέωinfinitive of purpose (the purpose of entering: to minister)→ durative present infinitive (ongoing liturgical service)λειτουργέω: 'perform public/cultic service / minister'; renders שֵׁרֵת; the LXX's term for priestly liturgical ministry (whence 'liturgy'); used of priestly and angelic service (Heb 1:7; 8:2 λειτουργός; 10:11).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in the holy places')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'in the holy places').
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίοιςholy places / the holy placeDativedative with ἐν (the sanctuary)→ sphere or referenceἅγιος: 'holy'; substantival neuter plural τὰ ἅγια ('the holy things / holy places / sanctuary'); renders הַקֹּדֶשׁ; the place of priestly ministry; the NT uses τὰ ἅγια of the heavenly sanctuary Christ enters (Heb 9:12, 24, 25).
31
καὶ τὸν κριὸν τῆς τελειώσεως λήμψῃ καὶ ἑψήσεις τὰ κρέα ἐν τόπῳ ἁγίῳ
And you shall take the ram of consecration and boil its flesh in a holy place.
The rite turns to the sacrificial meal. The flesh of the consecration ram is boiled (ἑψήσεις) in a holy place for the priests to eat (v. 32). The fronting of τὸν κριὸν τῆς τελειώσεως resumes the named ram; the requirement that it be cooked ἐν τόπῳ ἁγίῳ keeps the holy meal within the sacred precinct.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (fronted with κριόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριὸνramAccusativefronted direct object of λήμψῃ→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; the ram of consecration, whose flesh furnishes the priestly meal.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τελειώσεωςof consecrationGenitivegenitive of description (qualifying κριόν)→ relational specificationτελείωσις: 'consecration'; the named ram of the rite.
λήμψῃyou shall takeFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking the ram)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall take')λαμβάνω: 'take'; here of taking the ram for the consecration meal.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑψήσειςyou shall boilFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἕψωmain verb (boiling the flesh)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall boil')ἕψω: 'boil / cook (by boiling)'; renders בָּשַׁל; the consecration flesh is boiled (not roasted, unlike the Passover lamb, Exod 12:9); the cooked meat furnishes the priestly fellowship meal.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρέαflesh / meatAccusativedirect object of ἑψήσεις→ object specificationκρέας (pl. κρέα): 'flesh / meat'; the flesh of the consecration ram, eaten by the priests (v. 32), unlike the sin-offering bull's flesh which was burned outside (v. 14).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τόπῳplaceDativedative of place (where the flesh is boiled)→ sphere or referenceτόπος: 'place'; ἐν τόπῳ ἁγίῳ ('in a holy place') keeps the cooking and eating within the sacred precinct.
ἁγίῳholyDativeattributive adjective (modifying τόπῳ)→ sphere or referenceἅγιος: 'holy'; the holy place where the consecration meal is prepared, befitting the sanctity of the offering.
32
καὶ ἔδονται Ααρων καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ τὰ κρέα τοῦ κριοῦ καὶ τοὺς ἄρτους τοὺς ἐν τῷ κανῷ παρὰ τὰς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου
And Aaron and his sons shall eat the flesh of the ram and the loaves that are in the basket, at the doors of the tent of testimony.
Aaron and his sons eat the boiled flesh and the bread of the basket at the tent door — the climactic fellowship meal of the ordination. Eating the consecrated food at the threshold of the sanctuary effects communion: the priests share in what has been offered, the meal sealing their consecration; the location παρὰ τὰς θύρας keeps the act at the holy threshold.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδονταιshall eatFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἐσθίωmain verb (the priests eating the meal)→ predictive future (the prescribed consecration meal)ἐσθίω (fut. ἔδομαι, 3 pl. ἔδονται): 'eat'; renders אָכַל; the suppletive future from the root ἐδ-; the priests' eating of the holy food completes their consecration and constitutes communion with the offering.
ΑαρωνAaronnominative subject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; nominative subject.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativenominative subject (coordinate with Ααρων)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the priests share the meal with Aaron.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρέαflesh / meatAccusativedirect object of ἔδονται→ object specificationκρέας (pl. κρέα): 'flesh'; the boiled flesh of the consecration ram (v. 31).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριοῦramGenitivegenitive of possession (the ram's flesh)→ relational specificationκριός: 'ram'; the consecration ram.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρτουςloavesAccusativedirect object of ἔδονται (coordinate with κρέα)→ object specificationἄρτος: 'loaf'; the consecration bread from the basket (vv. 2–3), eaten with the flesh.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (attributive, 'the [loaves] that are in...')→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κανῷbasketDativedative with ἐν (the basket holding the bread)→ sphere or referenceκανοῦν (dat. κανῷ): 'basket'; the basket of consecration bread (v. 3).
παρὰat / besidepreposition + accusative (locative: 'at the doors')→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + acc.: 'at / beside'; the meal is eaten at the tent door, the holy threshold.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςdoorsAccusativeaccusative object of παρά→ object specificationθύρα: 'door'; the entrance of the tent, locus of the consecration acts.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive→ relational specificationσκηνῆς: meaning 'tent'; it serves as genitive.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof testimonyGenitivegenitive of description→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony'; cf. v. 4.
33
ἔδονται αὐτά ἐν οἷς ἡγιάσθησαν ἐν αὐτοῖς τελειῶσαι τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν ἁγιάσαι αὐτούς καὶ ἀλλογενὴς οὐκ ἔδεται ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν ἔστιν γὰρ ἅγια
They shall eat the things by which they were sanctified, to fill their hands, to sanctify them; but an outsider shall not eat of them, for they are holy.
The holy food may be eaten only by those for whom it effects consecration. The relative clause (ἐν οἷς ἡγιάσθησαν) and the purpose infinitives (τελειῶσαι … ἁγιάσαι) tie the eating to the priests' own sanctification. The prohibition ἀλλογενὴς οὐκ ἔδεται ('an outsider shall not eat') with the explanatory ἔστιν γὰρ ἅγια ('for they are holy') guards the sanctity of the consecrated food (cf. Lev 22:10).
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἔδονταιthey shall eatFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἐσθίωmain verb (the priests eat the holy food)→ predictive future (the prescribed eating)ἐσθίω (fut. ἔδονται): 'eat'; as at v. 32; only the consecrated priests may eat the holy food.
αὐτάthem / the thingsAccusativedirect object of ἔδονται (the consecrated food)→ participant referenceαὐτός: neuter plural, 'the things' = the flesh and bread of the offering.
ἐνby / withpreposition + dative (instrumental: 'by which')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: here instrumental/causal, 'by which / in which' the priests were sanctified.
οἷςwhichDativerelative pronoun (dative, instrumental: 'by which')→ participant reference or interestὅς (dat. pl. οἷς): 'which'; the relative refers to the offerings as the means of consecration.
ἡγιάσθησανthey were sanctifiedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἁγιάζωverb of relative clause (the priests' sanctification)→ constative aorist passive (completed sanctification)ἁγιάζω: 'sanctify'; the aorist passive ἡγιάσθησαν ('they were sanctified') marks the priests' consecration as accomplished through these offerings; the divine passive implies God as the sanctifier.
ἐνin / bypreposition + dative (resumptive: 'in them')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: ἐν αὐτοῖς ('in/by them') resumes and reinforces the instrumental ἐν οἷς, a Hebraizing redundancy.
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative with ἐν (resumptive of οἷς)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: 'them'; the resumptive pronoun (ἐν οἷς … ἐν αὐτοῖς) reflects the Hebrew relative + resumptive pronoun construction (אֲשֶׁר … בָּהֶם).
τελειῶσαιto fill / consecrate (the hands)Aor Act Inf · τελειόωinfinitive of purpose (to consecrate)→ ingressive aorist infinitive (purpose of the eating)τελειόω: 'consecrate / fill the hands'; the consecration idiom (v. 9); the eating serves to fill the priests' hands, i.e. complete their installation.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of τελειῶσαι→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; the hands filled in the consecration idiom.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the priests' hands)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the priests' hands).
ἁγιάσαιto sanctifyAor Act Inf · ἁγιάζωinfinitive of purpose (parallel to τελειῶσαι)→ ingressive aorist infinitive (purpose: to make holy)ἁγιάζω: 'sanctify'; the second purpose-infinitive — the eating serves to sanctify the priests; the doubled purpose (fill the hands / sanctify) restates the twin goals named in v. 1 (ἁγιάσαι … ἱερατεύειν).
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object of ἁγιάσαι (the priests)→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἁγιάσαι (the priests).
καὶand / butcoordinate conjunction (here adversative: the prohibition)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀλλογενὴςoutsider / foreigner / laymanNominativesubject of ἔδεται (the unauthorized person)→ participant prominenceἀλλογενής: 'of another race / foreigner / outsider'; renders זָר ('stranger / non-priest'); here an unauthorized person — anyone outside the priestly family; the same rare word labels the grateful Samaritan leper (ὁ ἀλλογενὴς οὗτος, Luke 17:18) and appears on the Jerusalem temple's barrier inscription forbidding Gentile entry.
οὐκnotnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: negative; the prohibition guards the holy food.
ἔδεταιshall eatFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐσθίωmain verb of the prohibition (an outsider shall not eat)→ prohibitive future (legislative 'shall not eat')ἐσθίω (fut. ἔδεται, 3 sg.): 'eat'; with οὐκ, a legislative prohibition — the holy food is reserved for the consecrated priests alone.
ἀπ᾿of / frompreposition + genitive (partitive: 'of them', elided)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: partitive, 'of them' — eat any of the holy food.
αὐτῶνthemGenitivepartitive genitive (the holy food)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as partitive genitive (the holy food).
ἔστινthey arePres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (explanatory clause; singular verb with neuter plural ἅγια)→ stative present (definitional)εἰμί: 'be'; the singular ἔστιν with neuter plural predicate ἅγια (the neuter-plural-takes-singular-verb rule); gives the reason for the prohibition.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: 'for'; introduces the rationale — the food's holiness.
ἅγιαholy thingsNominativepredicate nominative (neuter plural: 'they are holy')→ participant prominenceἅγιος: 'holy'; substantival neuter plural ('holy things'); the consecrated food belongs to the sacred sphere and so is forbidden to the non-priest.
34
ἐὰν δὲ καταλειφθῇ ἀπὸ τῶν κρεῶν τῆς θυσίας τῆς τελειώσεως καὶ τῶν ἄρτων ἕως πρωί κατακαύσεις τὰ λοιπὰ πυρί οὐ βρωθήσεται ἁγίασμα γάρ ἐστιν
But if any of the flesh of the sacrifice of consecration, or of the loaves, is left until morning, you shall burn the remainder with fire; it shall not be eaten, for it is a holy thing.
A conditional clause (ἐὰν … καταλειφθῇ, subjunctive) governs the disposal of any consecration food left until morning: it must be burned, not eaten. The rationale ἁγίασμα γάρ ἐστιν ('for it is a holy thing') matches the Passover regulation (Exod 12:10) — the holy food may not pass into common use or decay; what is not consumed within the sacred time is returned to God by fire.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (introducing subjunctive protasis)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; with the subjunctive (καταλειφθῇ) introduces a conditional case (the protasis of a future-more-vivid condition).
δὲbutmild adversative (post-positive: shifting to the leftover case)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: post-positive; marks the shift to the regulation about leftovers.
καταλειφθῇis left overAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · καταλείπωverb of the protasis (subjunctive with ἐάν)→ aorist passive subjunctive (the contingent case of leftover food)καταλείπω: 'leave behind / leave over'; renders נוֹתַר; the aorist passive subjunctive states the contingency — if any is left until morning; cognate κατάλειμμα ('remnant', Rom 9:27).
ἀπὸof / some ofpreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: partitive, 'some of the flesh'.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρεῶνflesh / meatGenitivepartitive genitive (the flesh of the offering)→ relational specificationκρέας (gen. pl. κρεῶν): 'flesh'; the flesh of the consecration sacrifice.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαςsacrificeGenitivegenitive of source (the consecration sacrifice)→ relational specificationθυσία: 'sacrifice / offering'; renders זֶבַח; the general term for a sacrifice; here the consecration offering; the NT applies θυσία to Christ's self-offering (Eph 5:2; Heb 9:26) and to Christian worship (Rom 12:1; Heb 13:15–16).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τελειώσεωςof consecrationGenitivegenitive of description (the sacrifice of consecration)→ relational specificationτελείωσις: 'consecration'; ἡ θυσία τῆς τελειώσεως ('the sacrifice of consecration').
καὶand / orcoordinate conjunction (joining the bread)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρτωνloavesGenitivepartitive genitive (coordinate with κρεῶν)→ relational specificationἄρτος: 'loaf'; the consecration bread, also subject to the leftover rule.
ἕωςuntilpreposition + genitive (temporal: 'until morning')→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until'; with πρωί, 'until morning'; the holy food may not be kept past the night.
πρωίmorningadverb (temporal: 'morning')→ clausal contributionπρωΐ: 'early / in the morning'; an indeclinable adverb used substantivally with ἕως ('until morning'); renders בֹּקֶר; the deadline beyond which the holy food must be burned.
κατακαύσειςyou shall burn upFut Act Indic 2 Sg · κατακαίωmain verb of the apodosis (the disposal command)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall burn up')κατακαίω: 'burn up completely'; as at v. 14; the leftover holy food is destroyed by fire, not eaten or discarded — total combustion returns it to God.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοιπὰremainder / what is leftAccusativedirect object of κατακαύσεις (the leftovers)→ object specificationλοιπός: 'remaining / rest'; substantival neuter plural, 'the remainder'; the leftover portions to be burned.
πυρίwith fireDativedative of instrument→ sphere or referenceπῦρ (dat. πυρί): 'fire'; the means of disposal.
οὐnotnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: negative; the leftover may not be eaten.
βρωθήσεταιshall be eatenFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · βιβρώσκωmain verb (prohibition: it shall not be eaten)→ prohibitive future passive (legislative 'shall not be eaten')βιβρώσκω: 'eat / consume'; the future passive βρωθήσεται; a more formal verb than ἐσθίω, often used in the passive in cultic regulations; with οὐ, the leftover may not be consumed.
ἁγίασμαholy thingNominativepredicate nominative (with ἐστιν)→ participant prominenceἁγίασμα: 'holy thing / consecrated object'; the rationale — the food is sanctified, so it may not become common; cf. the same word of the holy plate (v. 6).
γάρforexplanatory conjunction (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: 'for'; gives the reason for burning the leftovers.
ἐστινit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (definitional)→ stative present (definitional)εἰμί: 'be'; gives the definitional reason — its holiness requires this disposal.
35
καὶ ποιήσεις Ααρων καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτοῦ οὕτως κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐνετειλάμην σοι ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας τελειώσεις αὐτῶν τὰς χεῖρας
And you shall do thus for Aaron and for his sons according to all that I have commanded you; seven days you shall fill their hands.
A summarizing command gathers the whole rite: 'do thus … according to all I have commanded' (κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐνετειλάμην σοι), with the seven-day frame and the τελειώσεις τὰς χεῖρας idiom restated. The first-person ἐνετειλάμην ('I commanded') makes explicit that the entire ordination derives from direct divine instruction to Moses.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειςyou shall doFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (the summary command)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall do')ποιέω: 'do / perform'; here summing up the whole consecration as the prescribed action.
Ααρωνfor Aarondative of advantage (indeclinable: 'for Aaron')→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; here dative ('for Aaron'), the beneficiary of the rite.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςthe / for theDativearticle (dative of advantage)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of advantage ('for his sons')→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; the priests for whom the rite is performed.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
οὕτωςthus / soadverb of manner (summarizing the whole rite)→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus / in this way'; refers back to the entire prescribed sequence (vv. 1–34).
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard: 'according to all')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; introduces the measure of conformity — exactly as commanded.
πάνταall thingsAccusativeaccusative with κατά (the totality of commands)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ('according to all that') stresses complete obedience to every detail.
ὅσαas much as / whateverAccusativerelative pronoun (correlative: 'as many things as')→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as'; the correlative relative introduces the content of the divine command.
ἐνετειλάμηνI commandedAor Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of relative clause (the divine command)→ constative aorist (the completed act of commanding)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command / charge / enjoin'; renders צִוָּה; the first-person aorist marks YHWH himself as the source of the ordination law; cognate ἐντολή ('commandment').
σοιyouDativedative (indirect object of ἐνετειλάμην: Moses)→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. σοι): 'to you'; Moses, the recipient of the divine command.
ἑπτὰsevenAccusativenumeral (indeclinable, with ἡμέρας: accusative of duration)→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; indeclinable; the seven-day consecration frame, as at v. 30.
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of duration ('for seven days')→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; the seven days during which the hand-filling is daily renewed.
τελειώσειςyou shall fill / consecrate (the hands)Fut Act Indic 2 Sg · τελειόωmain verb (the daily hand-filling for seven days)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall consecrate')τελειόω: 'consecrate / fill the hands'; the signature idiom (vv. 9, 29, 33); the consecration is renewed each of the seven days.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the priests' hands; fronted before τὰς χεῖρας)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their'; the priests whose hands are filled.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of τελειώσεις→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; the hands filled in the consecration idiom.
36
καὶ τὸ μοσχάριον τῆς ἁμαρτίας ποιήσεις τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ καὶ καθαριεῖς τὸ θυσιαστήριον ἐν τῷ ἁγιάζειν σε ἐπ᾿ αὐτῷ καὶ χρίσεις αὐτὸ ὥστε ἁγιάσαι αὐτό
And the bull of the sin-offering you shall offer on the day of purification, and you shall purify the altar when you make atonement upon it, and you shall anoint it so as to sanctify it.
Attention turns from the priests to the altar itself. A sin-offering bull is offered daily 'on the day of purification' to purify (καθαριεῖς) and anoint (χρίσεις) the altar, sanctifying it. The articular infinitive ἐν τῷ ἁγιάζειν σε ('when you sanctify') is a temporal construction; the rite parallels the priests' consecration — the altar too is cleansed, anointed, and made holy.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (fronted with μοσχάριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μοσχάριονyoung bull / calfAccusativefronted direct object of ποιήσεις→ object specificationμοσχάριον: 'young bull'; the sin-offering bull offered daily during the seven days to purify the altar.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςof the sin-offering / of sinGenitivegenitive of description (the sin-offering bull)→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin-offering'; τὸ μοσχάριον τῆς ἁμαρτίας ('the bull of the sin-offering'), the genitive rendering the Hebrew חַטָּאת in its sacrificial sense; cf. v. 14.
ποιήσειςyou shall offer / makeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (offering the sin-offering bull)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall offer')ποιέω: 'do / make / offer'; with a sacrifice as object, ποιέω means 'offer / perform (the sacrifice)' (a cultic idiom, cf. vv. 38, 39, 41); renders עָשָׂה in the sense of offering.
τῇthe / on theDativearticle (dative of time)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time when ('on the day')→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ ('on the day of purification'), the dative of time marking each day of the cleansing.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καθαρισμοῦof purification / cleansingGenitivegenitive of description (the day of purification)→ relational specificationκαθαρισμός: 'purification / cleansing'; renders חִטֵּא ('purify from sin'); the cognate of καθαρίζω; the NT uses καθαρισμός of ritual purification (John 2:6; Luke 2:22) and of cleansing from sin (Heb 1:3; 2 Pet 1:9).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθαριεῖςyou shall purify / cleanseFut Act Indic 2 Sg · καθαρίζωmain verb (purifying the altar)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall cleanse')καθαρίζω: 'cleanse / purify'; renders טִהֵר / חִטֵּא; the altar is purified by the sin-offering blood; the verb is central to NT cleansing theology (1 John 1:7, 9 καθαρίζει; Heb 9:14).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativedirect object of καθαριεῖς→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; the object now purified and sanctified, as the priests have been.
ἐνin / whenpreposition + articular infinitive (temporal: 'when you sanctify')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + articular infinitive: a temporal construction ('when / while'), a Hebraizing rendering of the Hebrew infinitive construct with בְּ; here 'when you make atonement/sanctify upon it.'
τῷtheDativearticle (with the infinitive ἁγιάζειν)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγιάζεινto sanctify / making atonementPres Act Inf · ἁγιάζωarticular infinitive (temporal with ἐν τῷ)→ durative present infinitive (the ongoing act of sanctifying)ἁγιάζω: 'sanctify / consecrate'; the articular present infinitive in the temporal construction ἐν τῷ ἁγιάζειν σε ('when you sanctify / make atonement') — the cleansing of the altar is itself an act of sanctification.
σεyouAccusativeaccusative subject of the articular infinitive (Moses)→ participant referenceσύ (acc. σε): 'you'; the accusative subject of the infinitive — 'when you sanctify.'
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + dative (locative: 'upon it', elided)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + dat.: 'upon'; ἐπ᾿ αὐτῷ ('upon it') — the sanctifying/atoning act performed on the altar.
αὐτῷitDativedative object of ἐπί (the altar)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative object of ἐπί (the altar).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρίσειςyou shall anointFut Act Indic 2 Sg · χρίωmain verb (anointing the altar)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall anoint')χρίω: 'anoint'; as the priests were anointed (v. 7), so the altar is anointed with oil — objects as well as persons are consecrated by χρῖσις.
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object of χρίσεις (the altar)→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of χρίσεις (the altar).
ὥστεso as toconjunction introducing result/purpose infinitive→ discourse linkage or contrastὥστε: 'so as to'; with the infinitive ἁγιάσαι expresses the purpose/result of the anointing — to sanctify the altar.
ἁγιάσαιto sanctifyAor Act Inf · ἁγιάζωinfinitive with ὥστε (purpose/result)→ ingressive aorist infinitive (purpose: to make holy)ἁγιάζω: 'sanctify'; the anointing's purpose — to make the altar holy; the same ὥστε + ἁγιάσαι construction as the purpose of the whole rite in v. 1.
αὐτόitAccusativedirect object of ἁγιάσαι (the altar)→ participant referenceαὐτό: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἁγιάσαι (the altar).
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ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας καθαριεῖς τὸ θυσιαστήριον καὶ ἁγιάσεις αὐτό καὶ ἔσται τὸ θυσιαστήριον ἅγιον τοῦ ἁγίου πᾶς ὁ ἁπτόμενος τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου ἁγιασθήσεται
Seven days you shall purify the altar and sanctify it, and the altar shall be most holy; everyone who touches the altar shall be sanctified.
The seven-day altar consecration concludes with two climactic declarations: the altar shall be ἅγιον τοῦ ἁγίου ('most holy', a Hebraic superlative rendering קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים), and its holiness is 'contagious' — πᾶς ὁ ἁπτόμενος … ἁγιασθήσεται ('everyone who touches it shall be sanctified', cf. 30:29; Lev 6:18). The altar's sanctity now communicates itself to whatever contacts it.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἑπτὰsevenAccusativenumeral (indeclinable, with ἡμέρας: duration)→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; the seven-day altar consecration, parallel to the priests' (v. 35).
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of duration ('for seven days')→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; the duration of the altar's purification.
καθαριεῖςyou shall purifyFut Act Indic 2 Sg · καθαρίζωmain verb (purifying the altar)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall purify')καθαρίζω: 'cleanse / purify'; the daily purification of the altar, as in v. 36.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativedirect object of καθαριεῖς→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; the object of the seven-day purification.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁγιάσειςyou shall sanctifyFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἁγιάζωmain verb (sanctifying the altar)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall sanctify')ἁγιάζω: 'sanctify'; the altar is made holy through the seven-day rite.
αὐτόitAccusativedirect object of ἁγιάσεις (the altar)→ participant referenceαὐτό: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἁγιάσεις (the altar).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (the resultant state)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (the altar's resultant status)→ predictive future (the achieved sanctity)εἰμί: 'be'; ἔσται … ἅγιον τοῦ ἁγίου declares the altar's resultant status as most holy.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarNominativesubject of ἔσται→ participant prominenceθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; now declared most holy.
ἅγιονholyNominativepredicate nominative (with τοῦ ἁγίου: 'most holy')→ participant prominenceἅγιος: 'holy'; with the partitive genitive τοῦ ἁγίου it forms a Hebraic superlative.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίουof the holy / most holyGenitivepartitive/superlative genitive (ἅγιον τοῦ ἁγίου = 'most holy')→ relational specificationἅγιος: 'holy'; the construction ἅγιον τοῦ ἁγίου ('holy of the holy') is a Hebraic superlative rendering קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים ('most holy / holy of holies'); the same idiom designates the inner sanctuary (τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων, Heb 9:3); the altar is raised to the highest grade of sanctity.
πᾶςeveryone / allNominativesubject (substantival: 'everyone who touches')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every / all'; πᾶς ὁ ἁπτόμενος ('everyone who touches'), a substantival participle construction stating a general rule.
ὁthe (one)Nominativearticle (substantizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁπτόμενοςtouching / who touchesPres Mid Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ἅπτομαιsubstantival participle (subject: 'the one touching')→ durative present participle (anyone who comes into contact)ἅπτομαι: 'touch / take hold of'; renders נָגַע; the middle 'touch (for oneself)'; whoever contacts the most holy altar is sanctified (contagious holiness); the verb is frequent in the Gospels of Jesus' healing touch (Mark 1:41; 5:27–31).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarGenitivegenitive object of ἁπτόμενος (ἅπτομαι takes the genitive)→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; the genitive is governed by ἅπτομαι ('touch'), which regularly takes the genitive of the thing touched.
ἁγιασθήσεταιshall be sanctifiedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἁγιάζωmain verb (the result of touching: sanctification)→ predictive future passive (contagious holiness)ἁγιάζω: 'sanctify'; the future passive declares the 'contagious' holiness of the altar — contact transfers sanctity (cf. 30:29; Lev 6:18; the principle debated in Hag 2:11–13); whatever touches the most holy altar is itself made holy.
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καὶ ταῦτά ἐστιν ἃ ποιήσεις ἐπὶ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου ἀμνοὺς ἐνιαυσίους ἀμώμους δύο τὴν ἡμέραν ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον ἐνδελεχῶς κάρπωμα ἐνδελεχισμοῦ
And these are the things which you shall offer on the altar: two unblemished yearling lambs each day on the altar, perpetually — an offering of the continual sacrifice.
A new instructional unit opens with the same heading as v. 1 (καὶ ταῦτά ἐστιν ἃ ποιήσεις), now legislating the perpetual daily offering. Two yearling lambs are offered each day, continually (ἐνδελεχῶς), as the κάρπωμα ἐνδελεχισμοῦ ('offering of the continual sacrifice') — the tamid that frames Israel's daily worship morning and evening (vv. 39–42).
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (opening a new unit)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῦτάthese thingsNominativesubject (neuter plural demonstrative)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these things'; the cataphoric ταῦτα heads the daily-offering law, echoing the opening of v. 1 and marking a new legislative section.
ἐστινis / arePres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (singular verb with neuter plural subject)→ stative present (legislative identification)εἰμί: 'be'; singular with neuter plural subject ταῦτα.
ἃwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ποιήσεις)→ participant referenceὅς: 'which'; the relative defines the content of the daily offering.
ποιήσειςyou shall offerFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause (legislative future)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall offer')ποιέω: 'do / offer'; with sacrificial object, 'offer / perform (the sacrifice)', as at v. 36.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + genitive (place where)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (place where).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the altar of daily offering)→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; the now-consecrated altar on which the daily offering is made.
ἀμνοὺςlambsAccusativeappositive to ἃ (the lambs offered)→ object specificationἀμνός: 'lamb'; renders כֶּבֶשׂ; the daily-offering lambs; ἀμνός is the NT word for Christ the Lamb (ἀμνὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, John 1:29; 1 Pet 1:19 ἀμνοῦ ἀμώμου), drawing on this sacrificial language.
ἐνιαυσίουςyearling / a year oldAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἐνιαύσιος: 'a year old / yearling'; renders בֶּן־שָׁנָה ('son of a year'); the prescribed age of the daily lambs (cf. the Passover lamb, Exod 12:5); from ἐνιαυτός ('year').
ἀμώμουςwithout blemishAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἄμωμος: 'unblemished'; renders תָּמִים; physical perfection required of the daily lambs, as of the rams (v. 1); the ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος typology underlies 1 Pet 1:19.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (indeclinable, modifying ἀμνούς)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; two lambs daily — one morning, one evening (v. 39).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ἡμέραν: distributive)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρανday / per dayAccusativeaccusative of time (distributive: 'each day')→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; τὴν ἡμέραν ('per day / daily'), the distributive accusative marking the daily recurrence of the offering.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; the place of the daily offering (repeated for emphasis).
ἐνδελεχῶςcontinually / perpetuallyadverb of manner (the offering's perpetual character)→ clausal contributionἐνδελεχῶς: 'continually / unceasingly'; renders תָּמִיד ('continually'); the adverb marks the daily offering as the perpetual, unbroken worship of Israel; cognate with ἐνδελεχισμός.
κάρπωμαoffering by fireAccusativeappositive (the offering classified)→ object specificationκάρπωμα: 'offering by fire'; as at v. 25; here the daily fire-offering.
ἐνδελεχισμοῦof the continual offeringGenitivegenitive of description (the perpetual offering)→ relational specificationἐνδελεχισμός: 'continuance / perpetuity / the continual offering'; renders תָּמִיד; the LXX's noun for the standing daily sacrifice (the tamid); κάρπωμα ἐνδελεχισμοῦ ('offering of the continual sacrifice') names the institution that frames Israel's worship morning and evening (cf. vv. 42; Num 28:3–8).
39
τὸν ἀμνὸν τὸν ἕνα ποιήσεις τὸ πρωὶ καὶ τὸν ἀμνὸν τὸν δεύτερον ποιήσεις τὸ δειλινόν
The one lamb you shall offer in the morning, and the second lamb you shall offer toward evening.
The two lambs of v. 38 are distributed across the day: one offered in the morning (τὸ πρωί), the second toward evening (τὸ δειλινόν). This morning-and-evening rhythm establishes the daily framework of Israel's worship (cf. Ps 141:2; Dan 9:21 'the evening offering'); the two ποιήσεις balance the day's worship around the perpetual offering.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (fronted with ἀμνόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμνὸνlambAccusativefronted direct object of ποιήσεις (the first lamb)→ object specificationἀμνός: 'lamb'; the first of the two daily lambs.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (attributive with ἕνα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἕναone / firstAccusativenumeral adjective (modifying ἀμνόν)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; τὸν ἕνα ('the one') distinguishes the morning lamb from τὸν δεύτερον (the second/evening lamb).
ποιήσειςyou shall offerFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (offering the morning lamb)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall offer')ποιέω: 'offer'; with the lamb as object, 'offer (the sacrifice)'.
τὸthe / in theAccusativearticle (with πρωί: accusative of time)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρωὶmorningadverb substantivized (accusative of time: 'in the morning')→ clausal contributionπρωΐ: 'in the morning / early'; indeclinable adverb, here substantivized by the article (τὸ πρωί, 'the morning') as an accusative of time; renders בֹּקֶר; the time of the first daily offering.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμνὸνlambAccusativedirect object of ποιήσεις (the second lamb)→ object specificationἀμνός: 'lamb'; the second, evening lamb.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (attributive with δεύτερον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεύτερονsecondAccusativeordinal adjective (modifying ἀμνόν)→ object specificationδεύτερος: 'second'; the evening lamb.
ποιήσειςyou shall offerFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (offering the evening lamb)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall offer')ποιέω: 'offer'; the second daily offering.
τὸthe / towardAccusativearticle (with δειλινόν: accusative of time)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δειλινόνevening / toward eveningAccusativeaccusative of time ('toward evening')→ object specificationδειλινός: 'of the afternoon/evening'; substantival neuter τὸ δειλινόν ('the evening time / twilight'); renders בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם ('between the two evenings'); the time of the second daily offering, the 'evening sacrifice' (cf. Dan 9:21).
40
καὶ δέκατον σεμιδάλεως πεφυραμένης ἐν ἐλαίῳ κεκομμένῳ τῷ τετάρτῳ τοῦ ιν καὶ σπονδὴν τὸ τέταρτον τοῦ ιν οἴνου τῷ ἀμνῷ τῷ ἑνί
and a tenth of fine flour mixed with a fourth of a hin of beaten oil, and as a drink-offering a fourth of a hin of wine, for the one lamb.
Each daily lamb is accompanied by a grain-offering (a tenth-measure of fine flour mixed with beaten oil) and a drink-offering (a quarter-hin of wine). The measures are technical: δέκατον ('a tenth', i.e. of an ephah), τὸ τέταρτον τοῦ ιν ('a fourth of a hin'). σπονδή ('libation') introduces the drink-offering, language Paul applies to his own life poured out (Phil 2:17; 2 Tim 4:6).
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέκατονa tenthAccusativesubstantival adjective (the tenth-measure of flour)→ object specificationδέκατον: 'a tenth (part)'; renders עִשָּׂרוֹן ('a tenth of an ephah'); the prescribed measure of the grain-offering; substantival neuter, 'a tenth [of an ephah] of fine flour.'
σεμιδάλεωςof fine flourGenitivepartitive/material genitive (a tenth of fine flour)→ relational specificationσεμίδαλις: 'fine wheat flour'; as at v. 2; the grain of the daily cereal-offering.
πεφυραμένηςmixed / kneadedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Gen Sg Fem · φυράωattributive participle (modifying σεμιδάλεως)→ resultative perfect participle (settled state: 'having been mixed')φυράω: 'mix / knead'; the perfect passive participle (fem., agreeing with σεμιδάλεως) — the flour mixed with oil, as the loaves of v. 2.
ἐνwith / inpreposition + dative (instrumental: 'with oil')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrumental: 'with oil').
ἐλαίῳoilDativedative of means (the oil mixed into the flour)→ sphere or referenceἔλαιον: 'oil'; the oil of the grain-offering, here specified as 'beaten' oil.
κεκομμένῳbeaten / pressedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Dat Sg Neut · κόπτωattributive participle (modifying ἐλαίῳ: 'beaten oil')→ resultative perfect participle (settled state: 'having been beaten')κόπτω: 'strike / beat / cut'; the perfect passive participle — 'beaten' oil, i.e. the finest oil produced by beating/pressing olives (cf. Exod 27:20, ἔλαιον … κεκομμένον for the lamp); the choicest grade of oil for the sacred offering.
τῷtheDativearticle (with τετάρτῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τετάρτῳfourth (part)Dativesubstantival adjective (dative of measure: 'with a fourth')→ sphere or referenceτέταρτος: 'fourth'; τῷ τετάρτῳ τοῦ ιν ('with a fourth of a hin'), the measure of oil; renders רֶבַע הַהִין.
τοῦthe / of aGenitivearticle (with ιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ινhin (a measure)indeclinable measure-noun (genitive: 'of a hin')→ clausal contributionιν: transliteration of Hebrew הִין ('hin'), a liquid measure (roughly 3.5–6 litres); indeclinable in the LXX, treated as a foreign loan; a quarter-hin of oil accompanies each lamb (and a quarter-hin of wine as drink-offering).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (the drink-offering)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σπονδὴνdrink-offering / libationAccusativeaccusative (the libation, in apposition / as object)→ object specificationσπονδή: 'drink-offering / libation'; renders נֶסֶךְ; the wine poured out alongside the offering; the cognate verb σπένδομαι ('be poured out as a libation') is used by Paul of his own life (Phil 2:17; 2 Tim 4:6).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with τέταρτον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέταρτονfourth (part)Accusativesubstantival adjective (the fourth-measure of wine)→ object specificationτέταρτος: 'fourth'; τὸ τέταρτον τοῦ ιν ('a fourth of a hin') of wine, the measure of the libation.
τοῦthe / of aGenitivearticle (with ιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ινhin (a measure)indeclinable measure-noun (genitive: 'of a hin')→ clausal contributionιν: 'hin'; see above; a quarter-hin of wine for the drink-offering.
οἴνουof wineGenitivegenitive of material (the wine of the libation)→ relational specificationοἶνος: 'wine'; renders יַיִן; the wine poured out as the drink-offering accompanying the daily lamb.
τῷthe / for theDativearticle (dative of advantage)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμνῷlambDativedative of advantage ('for the lamb')→ sphere or referenceἀμνός: 'lamb'; the grain and drink offerings accompany 'the one lamb' — i.e. each lamb of the daily pair.
τῷtheDativearticle (attributive with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνίoneDativenumeral adjective (modifying ἀμνῷ: 'the one lamb')→ sphere or referenceεἷς (dat. ἑνί): 'one'; τῷ ἀμνῷ τῷ ἑνί ('for the one lamb') — these accompaniments belong to each single lamb of the daily offering.
41
καὶ τὸν ἀμνὸν τὸν δεύτερον ποιήσεις τὸ δειλινόν κατὰ τὴν θυσίαν τὴν πρωινὴν καὶ κατὰ τὴν σπονδὴν αὐτοῦ ποιήσεις εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας κάρπωμα κυρίῳ
And the second lamb you shall offer toward evening, according to the morning offering and according to its drink-offering you shall offer it, for a fragrance of sweet savour, an offering by fire to the LORD.
The evening offering is to match the morning in every respect (κατὰ τὴν θυσίαν τὴν πρωινήν … κατὰ τὴν σπονδὴν αὐτοῦ). The familiar εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας κάρπωμα κυρίῳ formula (cf. vv. 18, 25) closes the daily-offering prescription, framing the perpetual sacrifice as ever-acceptable to God.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (fronted with ἀμνόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμνὸνlambAccusativefronted direct object of ποιήσεις→ object specificationἀμνός: 'lamb'; the second, evening lamb.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (attributive with δεύτερον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεύτερονsecondAccusativeordinal adjective (modifying ἀμνόν)→ object specificationδεύτερος: 'second'; the evening lamb.
ποιήσειςyou shall offerFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (offering the evening lamb)→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall offer')ποιέω: 'offer'; of the evening sacrifice.
τὸthe / towardAccusativearticle (with δειλινόν: accusative of time)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δειλινόνevening / toward eveningAccusativeaccusative of time ('toward evening')→ object specificationδειλινός: 'of the evening'; τὸ δειλινόν, the evening time, as at v. 39.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard of conformity)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; the evening offering conforms to the morning one in all details.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίανoffering / sacrificeAccusativeaccusative with κατά (the standard: the morning offering)→ object specificationθυσία: 'sacrifice / offering'; here the morning grain-and-animal offering, the model for the evening.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (attributive with πρωινήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρωινὴνmorningAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying θυσίαν: 'the morning offering')→ object specificationπρωινός: 'of the morning / early'; adjective from πρωΐ; ἡ θυσία ἡ πρωινή ('the morning offering'); the morning rite sets the pattern; cf. the 'morning star' (ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωινός, Rev 22:16).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard of conformity)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; the evening libation matches the morning's.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδὴνdrink-offering / libationAccusativeaccusative with κατά (the standard: its drink-offering)→ object specificationσπονδή: 'drink-offering'; the libation of wine, as at v. 40.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the morning offering's drink-offering)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the morning offering's drink-offering).
ποιήσειςyou shall offerFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (resuming: 'you shall offer it')→ legislative future (prescriptive 'you shall offer')ποιέω: 'offer'; resumed to complete the prescription of the evening offering.
εἰςfor / untopreposition + accusative (purpose/result)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose/result).
ὀσμὴνfragranceAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationὀσμή: 'fragrance'; the εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας formula, as at vv. 18, 25.
εὐωδίαςof sweet savourGenitivegenitive of quality (qualifying ὀσμήν)→ relational specificationεὐωδία: 'sweet smell'; the acceptable, pleasing character of the daily offering.
κάρπωμαoffering by fireNominativeappositive (the offering classified)→ participant prominenceκάρπωμα: 'offering by fire'; classifies the daily sacrifice as a fire-offering to the LORD.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (the offering to YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the daily offering is rendered to YHWH.
42
θυσίαν ἐνδελεχισμοῦ εἰς γενεὰς ὑμῶν ἐπὶ θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου ἔναντι κυρίου ἐν οἷς γνωσθήσομαί σοι ἐκεῖθεν ὥστε λαλῆσαί σοι
a perpetual offering throughout your generations, at the door of the tent of testimony before the LORD, where I will make myself known to you, to speak to you there.
The daily sacrifice is summed up as θυσίαν ἐνδελεχισμοῦ ('a perpetual offering') for all generations, located at the tent door before the LORD. Crucially, this becomes the place of divine self-disclosure: γνωσθήσομαί σοι … ὥστε λαλῆσαί σοι ('I will make myself known to you … to speak to you'). The continual offering and the divine meeting are bound together — worship is the locus of revelation, preparing for the indwelling promise of vv. 43–46.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
θυσίανoffering / sacrificeAccusativeaccusative in apposition (summing up the daily offering)→ object specificationθυσία: 'sacrifice / offering'; θυσίαν ἐνδελεχισμοῦ ('an offering of perpetuity / a perpetual offering') sums up the institution of vv. 38–41.
ἐνδελεχισμοῦof the continual offering / of perpetuityGenitivegenitive of description (the perpetual offering)→ relational specificationἐνδελεχισμός: 'continuance / perpetuity'; renders תָּמִיד; the technical noun for the standing daily sacrifice (cf. v. 38).
εἰςfor / throughoutpreposition + accusative (extent: 'throughout your generations')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: 'for / unto'; εἰς γενεὰς ὑμῶν ('throughout your generations') marks the perpetuity of the institution.
γενεὰςgenerationsAccusativeaccusative with εἰς (extent of time)→ object specificationγενεά: 'generation'; renders דּוֹר; εἰς γενεάς ('for generations') is a standard LXX phrase for perpetual ordinances.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (your generations; plural address to Israel)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. pl. ὑμῶν): 'your'; the plural shifts from Moses (σοι) to the whole people — the offering binds all Israel's generations.
ἐπὶatpreposition + genitive (place: 'at the door')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'at / upon'; locates the offering at the tent door.
θύραςdoorGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the door of the tent)→ relational specificationθύρα: 'door'; the recurring locus of the rite (cf. vv. 4, 10, 32), now the place of the perpetual offering and divine meeting.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent'; the tent of testimony.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof testimonyGenitivegenitive of description→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony'; cf. v. 4.
ἔναντιbeforepreposition + genitive (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before'; coram Deo.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι (the Tetragrammaton)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
ἐνin / wherepreposition + dative (locative-relative: 'in which / where')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: here ἐν οἷς ('in which / where'), a relative locative — the place where God meets Israel.
οἷςwhich / whereDativerelative pronoun (dative, locative: 'where')→ participant reference or interestὅς (dat. pl. οἷς): 'which'; the relative refers to the tent door as the place of divine self-disclosure.
γνωσθήσομαίI will make myself knownFut Pass Indic 1 Sg · γινώσκωmain verb of relative clause (divine self-revelation)→ predictive future passive (reflexive sense: 'make myself known')γινώσκω: 'know'; the future passive γνωσθήσομαι here has a reflexive/middle force, 'I will make myself known / reveal myself' (rendering נוֹעַד 'meet' or אִוָּדַע 'make myself known'); the tent door becomes the place of divine-human encounter, anticipating the recognition formula of v. 46 (γνώσονται).
σοιto youDativedative (indirect object: Moses)→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. σοι): 'to you'; Moses, to whom God reveals himself; the singular returns after the plural ὑμῶν.
ἐκεῖθενfrom there / thereadverb of place (the place of revelation)→ clausal contributionἐκεῖθεν: 'from there / thence'; renders שָׁם / מִשָּׁם; marks the tent door as the fixed locus from which the divine word goes forth.
ὥστεso as toconjunction introducing purpose/result infinitive→ discourse linkage or contrastὥστε: 'so as to'; with the infinitive λαλῆσαι expresses the purpose of the divine self-disclosure — to speak with Moses.
λαλῆσαίto speakAor Act Inf · λαλέωinfinitive with ὥστε (purpose: to speak)→ ingressive aorist infinitive (purpose: that he may speak)λαλέω: 'speak'; renders דִּבֶּר; the divine speaking to Moses at the tent door; the continual offering is bound to the continual divine word — worship and revelation meet at the same threshold.
σοιto youDativedative (indirect object of λαλῆσαι: Moses)→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. σοι): 'to you'; Moses, the recipient of the divine speech.
43
καὶ τάξομαι ἐκεῖ τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ καὶ ἁγιασθήσομαι ἐν δόξῃ μου
And there I will appoint myself for the sons of Israel, and I will be sanctified in my glory.
The climactic promise-section (vv. 43–46) opens with two first-person futures: τάξομαι ('I will appoint/order myself / present myself') for the sons of Israel, and ἁγιασθήσομαι ἐν δόξῃ μου ('I will be sanctified in my glory'). God's δόξα ('glory', the kābôd) will hallow the place (cf. Exod 40:34–35); the divine presence both meets and sanctifies, the theme building toward the indwelling formula of v. 45.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τάξομαιI will appoint myself / present myselfFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · τάσσωmain verb (divine first-person self-commitment)→ predictive future middle (reflexive: 'I will present/order myself')τάσσω (mid. τάξομαι): 'arrange / appoint / order'; the middle has reflexive force here, 'I will appoint/present myself, take my station' (rendering נוֹעַד, 'meet by appointment'); God commits himself to a fixed meeting-place with Israel at the tent; the noun τάξις ('order') is significant in Hebrews' Melchizedek-priesthood (Heb 7:11).
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (the tent door)→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; renders שָׁם; the fixed place of meeting — the tent door (v. 42).
τοῖςthe / for theDativearticle (dative of advantage)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of advantage ('for the sons of Israel')→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; God presents himself for the benefit of the covenant people.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive (indeclinable proper noun: 'of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; 'of Israel'; the covenant people for whom God appoints his presence.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁγιασθήσομαιI will be sanctified / show myself holyFut Pass Indic 1 Sg · ἁγιάζωmain verb (divine self-sanctification by glory)→ predictive future passive (reflexive/declarative: 'show myself holy')ἁγιάζω: 'sanctify / hallow'; the future passive ἁγιασθήσομαι here is declarative/reflexive, 'I will be hallowed / show myself holy' (rendering נִקְדַּשׁ); God's glory sanctifies the tent (cf. Exod 40:34); the same construction underlies the petition ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου ('hallowed be your name', Matt 6:9).
ἐνin / bypreposition + dative (instrumental/locative: 'in/by my glory')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: 'in / by'; ἐν δόξῃ μου — God is sanctified by the manifestation of his glory.
δόξῃgloryDativedative with ἐν (the means/sphere of sanctification)→ sphere or referenceδόξα: 'glory / splendour'; renders כָּבוֹד (kābôd); the visible manifestation of the divine presence that fills and hallows the tabernacle (Exod 40:34–35); the central NT term for divine glory, manifested in Christ (John 1:14 ἐθεασάμεθα τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ).
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (the divine glory)→ relational specificationἐγώ (gen. μου): 'my'; the glory that is God's own, by which he sanctifies the place of meeting.
44
καὶ ἁγιάσω τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον καὶ Ααρων καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ ἁγιάσω ἱερατεύειν μοι
And I will sanctify the tent of testimony and the altar, and Aaron and his sons I will sanctify, to serve me as priests.
The decisive theological turn: the sanctification accomplished through Moses' rite (vv. 1–37) is now claimed by God in the first person — ἁγιάσω … ἁγιάσω ('I will sanctify … I will sanctify'). Tent, altar, and priests are made holy not ultimately by human ritual but by God himself. The purpose-infinitive ἱερατεύειν μοι ('to serve me as priests') closes the inclusio with v. 1, returning to the goal of the whole chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁγιάσωI will sanctifyFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ἁγιάζωmain verb (divine first-person sanctification)→ predictive future (the divine act of consecration)ἁγιάζω: 'sanctify / make holy'; the first-person ἁγιάσω claims the sanctification as God's own work — the human rite is effective only because God himself sanctifies; cf. John 17:17, 19 (ἁγίασον αὐτοὺς … ἁγιάζω ἐμαυτόν).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtentAccusativedirect object of ἁγιάσω→ object specificationσκηνή: 'tent'; the tent of testimony, sanctified by God.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof testimonyGenitivegenitive of description→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony'; cf. v. 4.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativedirect object of ἁγιάσω (coordinate with σκηνήν)→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; sanctified by God along with the tent.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑαρωνAaronaccusative object of the second ἁγιάσω (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; here accusative, the object of God's sanctifying.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativeaccusative object of the second ἁγιάσω→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; the priests, sanctified by God for his service.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἁγιάσωI will sanctifyFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ἁγιάζωmain verb (repeated for the priests, framing them emphatically)→ predictive future (the divine act of consecration)ἁγιάζω: 'sanctify'; the verb is repeated (Ααρων … ἁγιάσω) to set the priests apart emphatically as the special object of divine sanctification.
ἱερατεύεινto serve as priestPres Act Inf · ἱερατεύωinfinitive of purpose (the goal of sanctification: priestly service)→ durative present infinitive (ongoing priestly ministry)ἱερατεύω: 'serve as priest'; the purpose-infinitive closes the great inclusio with v. 1 (ἁγιάσαι … ὥστε ἱερατεύειν μοι) — the whole chapter's aim is realized: a sanctified priesthood ministering to God.
μοιto me / for meDativedative of advantage (priesthood is service to YHWH)→ participant reference or interestἐγώ (dat. μοι): 'to me'; the priesthood is service rendered to YHWH himself, as in v. 1 (ἱερατεύειν μοι).
45
καὶ ἐπικληθήσομαι ἐν τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ καὶ ἔσομαι αὐτῶν θεός
And I will be invoked among the sons of Israel, and I will be their God.
The theological summit of the chapter and a major crux. The future passive ἐπικληθήσομαι ('I will be invoked / called upon / be named among') renders the Hebrew שָׁכַנְתִּי ('I will dwell') by way of name-theology: God's presence is mediated by the invocation of his name among Israel. The covenant formula ἔσομαι αὐτῶν θεός ('I will be their God') is the heart of the covenant relationship (Gen 17:7; Lev 26:12), echoed climactically at 2 Cor 6:16 (ἐνοικήσω … καὶ ἔσομαι αὐτῶν θεός) and Rev 21:3 (ἔσται μετ᾽ αὐτῶν θεὸς αὐτῶν).
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπικληθήσομαιI will be invoked / dwell amongFut Pass Indic 1 Sg · ἐπικαλέωmain verb (the indwelling/presence promise)→ predictive future passive (divine self-commitment to abide among Israel)ἐπικαλέω (pass. ἐπικληθήσομαι): 'call upon / invoke / name over'; the passive normally means 'be called upon / have one's name invoked / be named over' (cf. the idiom 'a people upon whom my name is called', Deut 28:10; Amos 9:12; Acts 15:17). Here the LXX renders the Hebrew וְשָׁכַנְתִּי ('and I will dwell') by ἐπικληθήσομαι ('I will be invoked/named among'), interpreting the divine indwelling through name-theology: God dwells where his name is invoked. This rendering of the Shekinah-dwelling by the language of invocation/naming is a theologically weighty LXX move, undergirding later Jewish and Christian doctrines of the divine Name and Presence; the indwelling promise is taken up at 2 Cor 6:16 and Rev 21:3.
ἐνamong / inpreposition + dative (locative: 'among the sons of Israel')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: 'among / in the midst of'; ἐν τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ ('among the sons of Israel') marks the people as the sphere of the divine indwelling presence.
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative with ἐν (among the sons of Israel)→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; the covenant people among whom God dwells / is invoked.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive (indeclinable proper noun: 'of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; 'of Israel'; the people of the covenant presence.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (the covenant formula)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσομαιI will beFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (the covenant-relationship formula)→ predictive future (covenant self-commitment)εἰμί (fut. ἔσομαι): 'be'; ἔσομαι αὐτῶν θεός ('I will be their God') is the classic covenant formula (Gen 17:7; Exod 6:7; Lev 26:12; Jer 31:33), expressing the mutual belonging of God and people; it is cited as the goal of the new covenant indwelling at 2 Cor 6:16 and the eschatological consummation at Rev 21:3, 7.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (predicate: 'their God')→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. pl. αὐτῶν): 'their'; the genitive marks the covenant belonging — God will be Israel's own God.
θεόςGodNominativepredicate nominative (with ἔσομαι: 'I will be God')→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; renders אֱלֹהִים; the predicate of the covenant formula — YHWH will be Israel's God, the relational climax of the consecration.
46
καὶ γνώσονται ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος ὁ θεὸς αὐτῶν ὁ ἐξαγαγὼν αὐτοὺς ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου ἐπικληθῆναι αὐτοῖς καὶ θεὸς εἶναι αὐτῶν
And they shall know that I am the LORD their God, who brought them out of the land of Egypt, to be invoked among them and to be their God.
The chapter closes with the recognition formula γνώσονται ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος ('they shall know that I am the LORD'), the LXX's standard rendering of the Ezekielian וְיָדְעוּ כִּי אֲנִי יְהוָה. The whole purpose of the consecration and indwelling is knowledge of God. The self-identification as 'the LORD their God who brought them out of Egypt' grounds the covenant presence in the Exodus deliverance, and the two purpose-infinitives (ἐπικληθῆναι … θεὸς εἶναι) restate v. 45 — the very aim of the redemption from Egypt was the indwelling among them. ἐγώ εἰμι echoes the divine self-naming of Exod 3:14.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνώσονταιthey shall knowFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · γινώσκωmain verb (the recognition formula)→ predictive future (the goal: recognition of YHWH)γινώσκω (fut. γνώσονται): 'know / recognize'; renders יָדַע; the recognition formula γνώσονται ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος ('they shall know that I am the LORD') is the LXX's rendering of the formula pervasive in Ezekiel (וְיָדְעוּ כִּי אֲנִי יְהוָה); the indwelling presence issues in covenant knowledge of God — the experiential goal of redemption and consecration alike.
ὅτιthatconjunction (introducing the content of knowledge)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'that'; introduces the object-clause of γνώσονται — the content of what Israel will know.
ἐγώINominativeemphatic subject pronoun (with εἰμι)→ participant referenceἐγώ: emphatic 'I'; ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος ('I am the LORD') is the divine self-identification formula; the emphatic ἐγώ echoes the self-naming of Exod 3:14 (ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ὤν) and resounds through the 'I am' sayings of John's Gospel.
εἰμιamPres Act Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίcopula (divine self-identification)→ stative present (the timeless divine self-assertion)εἰμί: 'be'; the present 'I am' in the self-identification formula ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος; the timeless present asserts God's abiding identity.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativepredicate nominative (the Tetragrammaton)→ participant prominenceκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; in the self-identification 'I am the LORD' it names the covenant God himself; the predicate of Israel's saving knowledge.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with θεός, appositional)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativepredicate nominative in apposition ('the LORD their God')→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; κύριος ὁ θεὸς αὐτῶν ('the LORD their God') unites the covenant name and the covenant relationship — he is both YHWH and 'their God' (cf. v. 45).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (their God)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their'; the covenant belonging, as in v. 45.
ὁthe (one)Nominativearticle (substantizing the participle: 'the one who brought out')→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξαγαγὼνwho brought outAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ἐξάγωsubstantival participle (in apposition to κύριος: 'the one who brought them out')→ constative aorist participle (the completed act of deliverance)ἐξάγω: 'lead out / bring out'; renders הוֹצִיא (Hiphil of יָצָא); the participial epithet ὁ ἐξαγαγὼν … ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου ('who brought them out of the land of Egypt') is the standard self-description of YHWH the Redeemer (cf. Exod 20:2); the Exodus deliverance is the ground of the covenant relationship and the indwelling presence.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of ἐξαγαγών (the people)→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐξαγαγών (the people).
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (source: out of Egypt)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: out of Egypt).
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive with ἐκ (the land of bondage)→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land / earth'; ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου ('out of the land of Egypt'), the place of bondage from which God redeemed Israel.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptGenitivegenitive of place (qualifying γῆς: 'the land of Egypt')→ relational specificationΑἴγυπτος: 'Egypt'; standard LXX form of מִצְרַיִם; declinable (gen. Αἰγύπτου), unlike the indeclinable personal names; the land of slavery left behind in the Exodus.
ἐπικληθῆναιto be invoked / dwell amongAor Pass Inf · ἐπικαλέωinfinitive of purpose (the goal of the Exodus: indwelling)→ ingressive aorist passive infinitive (purpose: that he be invoked among them)ἐπικαλέω (aor. pass. inf. ἐπικληθῆναι): 'be invoked / named among'; restates ἐπικληθήσομαι of v. 45 as the very purpose of the Exodus — God redeemed Israel from Egypt in order to dwell / be invoked among them; the indwelling is the telos of redemption.
αὐτοῖςamong them / for themDativedative (sphere of the indwelling: 'among them')→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. pl. αὐτοῖς): 'among/for them'; the people among whom God is invoked and dwells.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (second purpose infinitive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θεὸςGodNominativepredicate nominative (with the infinitive εἶναι: 'to be God')→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; the predicate of the covenant formula restated as purpose — to be their God.
εἶναιto bePres Act Inf · εἰμίinfinitive of purpose (parallel to ἐπικληθῆναι: 'to be their God')→ durative present infinitive (the ongoing covenant relationship)εἰμί (inf. εἶναι): 'be'; the second purpose-infinitive — the Exodus aimed at God's being Israel's God; θεὸς εἶναι αὐτῶν restates the covenant formula of v. 45 (ἔσομαι αὐτῶν θεός), sealing the chapter's movement from consecration to indwelling to covenant relationship and knowledge of God.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (their God)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their'; the covenant belonging, closing the chapter on the note of God's relationship with his people.