Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Exodus, Chapter 28ΕΞΟΔΟΣ ΚΗ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Exodus 28 prescribes the priestly vestments of Aaron and his sons: the holy garments made 'for honor and glory' (εἰς τιμὴν καὶ δόξαν), the ephod (ἐπωμίς) with its two onyx shoulder-stones engraved with the tribal names, the breastplate of judgment (λογεῖον τῶν κρίσεων) with four rows of three gemstones, the robe (ποδήρης/ὑποδύτης) with golden bells and pomegranates, the golden plate (πέταλον) inscribed ἁγίασμα κυρίου, and the tunic, turban, sash, and linen breeches.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Exodus 28 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. Exodus 28 prescribes the priestly vestments of Aaron and his sons: the holy garments made 'for honor and glory' (εἰς τιμὴν καὶ δόξαν), the ephod (ἐπωμίς) with its two onyx shoulder-stones engraved with the tribal names, the breastplate of judgment (λογεῖον τῶν κρίσεων) with four rows of three gemstones, the robe (ποδήρης/ὑποδύτης) with golden bells and pomegranates, the golden plate (πέταλον) inscribed ἁγίασμα κυρίου, and the tunic, turban, sash, and linen breeches. A signal feature of the chapter is that the Old Greek high-priest-garment account is markedly shorter than the Masoretic Text: the OG OMITS MT 28:23–28 (the gold rings and chains that fasten the breastplate to the ephod). Consequently the Rahlfs versification runs 1–22 and then jumps directly to 29–43; there are NO verses numbered 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, or 28 in this chapter, which therefore has 37 verses in all. Some of the omitted MT material on the fastenings reappears, in compressed and re-ordered form, as a supplementary clause within OG v. 29 (… καὶ θήσεις ἐπὶ τὸ λογεῖον τῆς κρίσεως τοὺς κροσσούς …). Lexically the chapter is dense with technical and transliterated vocabulary: the textile terms βύσσος κεκλωσμένη ('twined fine linen') and the three dyed yarns ὑάκινθος / πορφύρα / κόκκινον, the artisan-genitives ἔργον ὑφαντὸν ποικιλτοῦ, and a long catalogue of twelve gemstones (σάρδιον, τοπάζιον, σμάραγδος, ἄνθραξ, σάπφειρος, ἴασπις, λιγύριον, ἀχάτης, ἀμέθυστος, χρυσόλιθος, βηρύλλιον, ὀνύχιον), most of them transliterations or rough equivalents of the Hebrew stone-names. The single greatest crux is v. 30, where the LXX renders the Hebrew אורים ותמים ('Urim and Thummim') interpretively as ἡ δήλωσις καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια ('the Manifestation and the Truth'), construing the oracular media as the embodiment of revelatory clarity and reliability. The plate on the turban is engraved ἁγίασμα κυρίου ('a holy thing of the LORD' = 'Holiness to the LORD', v. 36), and the whole vestiary ordinance closes as a νόμιμον αἰώνιον ('a perpetual statute', v. 43). κύριος throughout represents the Tetragrammaton יהוה.

1

καὶ σὺ προσαγάγου πρὸς σεαυτὸν τόν τε Ααρων τὸν ἀδελφόν σου καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ ἱερατεύειν μοι Ααρων καὶ Ναδαβ καὶ Αβιουδ καὶ Ελεαζαρ καὶ Ιθαμαρ υἱοὺς Ααρων

And you, bring near to yourself both Aaron your brother and his sons from among the sons of Israel, to serve me as priests — Aaron and Nadab and Abihu and Eleazar and Ithamar, the sons of Aaron.

New divine command opening the priestly-vestment section (main narrative)καὶ σὺ προσαγάγου
The emphatic σύ ('and you, for your part') addresses Moses directly, marking the transition from the tabernacle furnishings (chs. 25–27) to the persons and garments of the priesthood; the middle imperative προσαγάγου ('bring near to yourself') is cultic vocabulary for the presentation of priests, anticipating the consecration of ch. 29. The naming of all four sons fixes the Aaronide line.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic personal pronoun)→ participant referenceσύ: the explicit nominative pronoun is emphatic in Greek (the verb already encodes the subject); καὶ σύ ('and you, for your part') singles out Moses as the responsible agent, marking the shift to the priestly-ordination material; renders the emphatic Hebrew וְאַתָּה.
προσαγάγουbring near for yourselfAor Mid Impv 2 Sg · προσάγωmain verb (divine imperative to Moses)→ ingressive aorist imperative (commissioned act of presentation)προσάγω (aor. mid. impv.): 'bring near / present'; renders הַקְרֵב (Hiphil of קרב), the technical verb for presenting persons or offerings before YHWH; the middle voice προσαγάγου ('bring near to/for yourself') stresses Moses' personal involvement in setting apart the priests; the verb is cultic and dedicatory, anticipating the ordination of ch. 29.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
σεαυτὸνyourselfAccusativereflexive pronoun, object of πρός→ participant referenceσεαυτόν: 2nd-person reflexive pronoun, 'yourself'; the phrase πρὸς σεαυτόν reinforces the middle force of προσαγάγου — Moses is to draw the priestly candidates into his own sphere of action for their setting-apart.
τόνtheAccusativearticle (with Ααρων)→ noun-phrase markingτόν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεbothcoordinating particle (τε … καί: 'both … and')→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: enclitic coordinating particle; here in the correlative τε … καί construction ('both Aaron … and his sons'), binding Aaron and his sons into a single presented group; somewhat more literary than simple καί-parataxis.
ΑαρωνAaronaccusative object of προσαγάγου (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of Hebrew אַהֲרֹן; indeclinable in the LXX; Aaron, Moses' elder brother (Exod 7:7), is here designated the first high priest, founder of the Aaronide priestly line that the chapter's vestments serve.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with ἀδελφόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφόνbrotherAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Ααρων→ object specificationἀδελφός: 'brother'; renders אָח; the appositive 'Aaron your brother' underscores the kinship that grounds the legitimacy of the priestly line and recurs as a refrain in the chapter (vv. 2, 41).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship (possessive)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship (possessive).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (τε … καί)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with υἱοὺς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativeaccusative object of προσαγάγου (coordinate with Ααρων)→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; renders בֵּן; the sons of Aaron, named below, are presented alongside their father, so that the entire founding generation of the priesthood is set apart at once.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐκfrom amongpreposition + genitive (partitive: selection out of the people)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'out of / from among'; the partitive ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ marks the priests as chosen from within the wider people of Israel — set apart from, yet representative of, the whole nation.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (partitive, object of ἐκ)→ relational specificationυἱός (gen. pl.): the phrase οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ('the sons of Israel') is the standard LXX designation of the covenant people as a whole; here the priests are drawn ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'sons of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable; designates the covenant nation descended from Jacob; the twelve tribal names will be borne on the priestly vestments (vv. 9–12, 21, 29).
ἱερατεύεινto serve as priestPres Act Inf · ἱερατεύωinfinitive of purpose ('in order to serve as priests')→ purpose/telic present infinitive (ongoing priestly service)ἱερατεύω: 'to serve as priest, perform priestly office'; renders כִּהֵן (Piel of כהן); the present infinitive expresses the purpose of the presentation — ongoing, characteristic priestly ministry; the verb frames the whole chapter (recurring at vv. 3, 4, 41) and defines the function the vestments serve.
μοιfor meDativedative of advantage/indirect object ('serve as priest to/for me')→ participant reference or interestἐγώ (dat.): the dative μοι, spoken by YHWH, defines the priesthood as service rendered directly to him — the priests minister 'to me,' not to the people or to themselves; the dative recurs at vv. 3, 4, 41.
ΑαρωνAaronaccusative in apposition (resuming the list of those presented)→ participant identificationΑαρων: the name is repeated to head the explicit roster of the five Aaronide priests; the resumptive apposition is characteristic of the LXX's Hebraizing list-style.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΝαδαβNadabaccusative in apposition (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαδαβ: transliteration of Hebrew נָדָב; Aaron's firstborn; with Abihu he will later be struck down for offering 'strange fire' (Lev 10:1–2), leaving the line to continue through Eleazar and Ithamar.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑβιουδAbihuaccusative in apposition (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑβιουδ: transliteration of Hebrew אֲבִיהוּא; Aaron's second son; like Nadab, dies before YHWH in Lev 10 for offering unauthorized fire.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλεαζαρEleazaraccusative in apposition (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΕλεαζαρ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶלְעָזָר; Aaron's third son; succeeds Aaron as high priest (Num 20:25–28) and heads the senior priestly line.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙθαμαρIthamaraccusative in apposition (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙθαμαρ: transliteration of Hebrew אִיתָמָר; Aaron's fourth son; oversees the Levitical service of the tabernacle (Exod 38:21; Num 4:28, 33).
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativeaccusative in apposition (summarizing the four named sons)→ object specificationυἱός (acc. pl.): the summarizing apposition 'the sons of Aaron' closes the roster, framing the four names as a unit and reaffirming the Aaronide identity of the priesthood.
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'sons of Aaron')→ participant identificationΑαρων: the closing genitive of the verse seals the priestly genealogy — these five men constitute the founding generation whom the vestments of the chapter will clothe.
2

καὶ ποιήσεις στολὴν ἁγίαν Ααρων τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου εἰς τιμὴν καὶ δόξαν

And you shall make a holy vestment for Aaron your brother, for honor and glory.

Continuation: the command to make the holy vestment (main narrative)καὶ ποιήσεις
The future ποιήσεις with imperatival force ('you shall make') governs the whole fabrication-section of the chapter and recurs at vv. 4, 13, 14, 15, etc. The programmatic phrase εἰς τιμὴν καὶ δόξαν ('for honor and glory') states the purpose of the vestments — they confer on Aaron a visible dignity befitting his office — and frames the section, returning at v. 40 for the sons.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειςyou shall makeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (volitive/imperatival future to Moses)→ imperatival future (divine instruction)ποιέω: 'make / do / fashion'; renders עָשָׂה; the imperatival future ποιήσεις ('you shall make') is the governing verb of the construction-commands of chs. 25–28, here introducing the high-priestly vestment; its repetition structures the whole chapter.
στολὴνvestment / robeAccusativedirect object of ποιήσεις→ object specificationστολή: 'robe / vestment / set of garments'; renders בֶּגֶד; in this chapter στολή denotes the high-priestly attire as a unified holy ensemble (cf. the plural στολαί, v. 4); its qualification as ἁγία ('holy') marks it as set apart for cultic service.
ἁγίανholyAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying στολήν)→ object specificationἅγιος: 'holy / set apart'; renders קֹדֶשׁ; the holiness of the vestment derives from its dedication to YHWH's service and corresponds to the holiness of the sanctuary and its priest; the garment is itself a consecrated object.
Ααρωνfor Aarondative of advantage (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; functions here as a dative of advantage ('for Aaron'), specified by the appositional τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου that follows.
τῷtheDativearticle (with ἀδελφῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφῷbrotherDativedative in apposition to Ααρων (dative of advantage)→ sphere or referenceἀδελφός (dat.): the appositive 'for Aaron your brother' again foregrounds the fraternal bond legitimating the priesthood; the vestment is made by Moses for his own brother.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose/result)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: 'for / unto'; the telic εἰς τιμὴν καὶ δόξαν expresses the purpose of the vestment — to invest the priest with visible honor; the same phrase recurs for the sons at v. 40.
τιμὴνhonorAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose)→ object specificationτιμή: 'honor / dignity / value'; here paired with δόξα; the vestments confer on Aaron the dignity proper to one who mediates before YHWH; the pairing τιμὴ καὶ δόξα is a fixed LXX collocation for splendid honor (cf. Ps 8:6).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δόξανgloryAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (coordinate with τιμήν)→ object specificationδόξα: 'glory / splendor'; renders תִּפְאֶרֶת ('beauty, glory'); together with τιμή it defines the vestments' purpose as the visible glorification of the priestly office; the word elsewhere translates כָּבוֹד and so resonates with the glory (כְּבוֹד יהוה) that fills the sanctuary the priest serves.
3

καὶ σὺ λάλησον πᾶσι τοῖς σοφοῖς τῇ διανοίᾳ οὓς ἐνέπλησα πνεύματος αἰσθήσεως καὶ ποιήσουσιν τὴν στολὴν τὴν ἁγίαν Ααρων εἰς τὸ ἅγιον ἐν ᾗ ἱερατεύσει μοι

And you, speak to all the wise in understanding, whom I have filled with a spirit of perception, and they shall make the holy vestment for Aaron, for the holy place, in which he shall serve me as priest.

Continuation: commissioning of the skilled craftsmen (main narrative)καὶ σὺ λάλησον
The emphatic σύ again addresses Moses; the aorist imperative λάλησον commissions the artisans. The relative clause οὓς ἐνέπλησα πνεύματος αἰσθήσεως grounds their competence theologically — their skill is a divine endowment (cf. Bezalel and Oholiab, 31:3; 35:31). The phrase εἰς τὸ ἅγιον specifies the garments' cultic destination.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic personal pronoun)→ participant referenceσύ: the renewed emphatic καὶ σύ keeps Moses as the responsible mediator who must transmit the divine instructions to the craftsmen; cf. v. 1.
λάλησονspeakAor Act Impv 2 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (divine imperative to Moses)→ ingressive aorist imperative (commissioned speech-act)λαλέω: 'speak / address'; renders דַּבֵּר (Piel); the aorist imperative frames Moses' instruction to the artisans as a single decisive commissioning; he conveys the divine specifications to those gifted to execute them.
πᾶσιto allDativeattributive adjective (with σοφοῖς: dative of addressee)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς (dat. pl.): 'all'; comprehends the whole body of skilled craftsmen, leaving none of the divinely gifted artisans unaddressed.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with σοφοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοφοῖςwise / skilledDativesubstantival adjective (dative of addressee: 'to the wise')→ sphere or referenceσοφός: 'wise / skilled'; renders חֲכַם־לֵב ('wise of heart'); in the tabernacle narratives σοφία denotes practical, technical craftsmanship as a charism, not merely intellectual wisdom; the artisans' skill is a God-given competence for sacred work.
τῇtheDativearticle (with διανοίᾳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διανοίᾳin understanding / mindDativedative of respect (specifying the sphere of wisdom)→ sphere or referenceδιάνοια: 'mind / understanding / intent'; here a dative of respect, 'wise in understanding,' rendering the Hebrew לֵב ('heart' = seat of skill and intent); the LXX uses διάνοια for the inner faculty that the divine spirit equips for craftsmanship.
οὓςwhomAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐνέπλησα)→ participant referenceὅς (acc. pl.): the relative clause attributes the artisans' skill directly to YHWH's prior act of filling them — their competence is not autonomous but conferred.
ἐνέπλησαI filledAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ἐμπίμπλημιverb of relative clause (divine first-person endowment)→ constative aorist (completed act of divine filling)ἐμπίμπλημι / ἐμπίπλημι: 'fill / fill up'; renders מִלֵּא (Piel of מלא); the construction 'I filled them with a spirit of perception' presents the artisans' skill as a divine endowment; the same idiom describes Bezalel as πεπληρωμένον πνεῦμα σοφίας at Exod 31:3; 35:31.
πνεύματοςwith a spiritGenitivegenitive of content (with verb of filling)→ relational specificationπνεῦμα: 'spirit / breath'; renders רוּחַ; the genitive of content with ἐμπίμπλημι expresses what the craftsmen are filled with — a divinely given 'spirit of perception'; the language frames artistic skill as charismatic, an outflow of the divine spirit.
αἰσθήσεωςof perceptionGenitivegenitive (defining πνεύματος: 'spirit of perception')→ relational specificationαἴσθησις: 'perception / discernment / skill'; renders חָכְמָה / בִּינָה in the wisdom-craft register; the 'spirit of perception' (πνεῦμα αἰσθήσεως) is the discerning competence that enables exact execution of the sacred designs; cf. the fuller list at 31:3 (σοφία, σύνεσις, ἐπιστήμη).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (result)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσουσινthey shall makeFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (the craftsmen as subject)→ predictive/resultative future (the artisans will execute the work)ποιέω (fut. 3 pl.): the artisans, not Moses, are now the makers; the shift from 2nd-singular ποιήσεις (v. 2) to 3rd-plural ποιήσουσιν distributes the fabrication to the gifted craftsmen while Moses retains the role of instructing them.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with στολὴν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὴνvestmentAccusativedirect object of ποιήσουσιν→ object specificationστολή: the holy vestment of v. 2, here taken up again with the article (τὴν στολὴν τὴν ἁγίαν) as the definite object of the craftsmen's work.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with ἁγίαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίανholyAccusativeattributive adjective (second-attributive position)→ object specificationἅγιος: the repeated article (τὴν στολὴν τὴν ἁγίαν) gives the adjective full attributive emphasis — 'the vestment, the holy one' — underscoring the consecrated character of the garment.
Ααρωνfor Aarongenitive/dative of relationship (indeclinable: 'Aaron's')→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; 'the holy vestment of/for Aaron' — the garment belongs to the high-priestly office Aaron holds.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose: cultic destination)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: here marks the garment's destined sphere — εἰς τὸ ἅγιον, 'for the holy place / for the sanctuary service.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle (substantival, with ἅγιον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιονholy placeAccusativesubstantival adjective (object of εἰς: 'the holy place / sanctuary')→ object specificationἅγιον (τὸ ἅγιον): 'the holy place / sanctuary'; renders הַקֹּדֶשׁ; the substantivized neuter denotes the sacred precinct in which the priest ministers; the vestments are made specifically for service εἰς τὸ ἅγιον.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere, introducing relative clause)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere, introducing relative clause).
ᾗwhichDativerelative pronoun (dative, antecedent στολήν: 'in which [vestment]')→ participant reference or interestὅς (dat. fem.): the relative ᾗ refers back to the στολή; 'in which he shall serve' — the vestment is the necessary attire for priestly ministry, not merely ornamental.
ἱερατεύσειhe shall serve as priestFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἱερατεύωverb of relative clause (Aaron's priestly service)→ predictive future (ongoing future ministry)ἱερατεύω (fut.): 'serve as priest'; cf. v. 1; the future locates Aaron's priestly ministry as the purpose for which the vestment is made — clothed in it he 'will serve as priest to me.'
μοιto meDativedative of advantage (object of ἱερατεύσει)→ participant reference or interestἐγώ (dat.): again the priestly service is directed 'to me' (YHWH); the vestment, the holy place, and the ministry all converge on service rendered to the LORD.
4

καὶ αὗται αἱ στολαί ἃς ποιήσουσιν τὸ περιστήθιον καὶ τὴν ἐπωμίδα καὶ τὸν ποδήρη καὶ χιτῶνα κοσυμβωτὸν καὶ κίδαριν καὶ ζώνην καὶ ποιήσουσιν στολὰς ἁγίας Ααρων καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸ ἱερατεύειν μοι

And these are the garments which they shall make: the breastpiece and the ephod and the full-length robe and a fringed tunic and a turban and a sash. And they shall make holy garments for Aaron and for his sons, for serving me as priests.

Catalogue: enumeration of the garments to be made (main narrative)καὶ αὗται αἱ στολαί
The presentational αὗται αἱ στολαί ('these are the garments') introduces the inventory that organizes the rest of the chapter — breastpiece, ephod, robe, tunic, turban, sash — each treated in turn in the following sections. The closing εἰς τὸ ἱερατεύειν μοι restates the priestly purpose (cf. vv. 1, 3).
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὗταιtheseNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject of the presentational clause)→ participant referenceοὗτος (nom. fem. pl.): 'these'; the presentational αὗται αἱ στολαί ('these are the garments') is a cataloguing formula introducing the inventory list that structures the chapter.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with στολαί)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολαίgarmentsNominativepredicate nominative (the items enumerated)→ participant prominenceστολή (nom. pl.): here the plural denotes the several individual garments that together compose the high-priestly ensemble; the singular στολή at vv. 2–3 named the ensemble as a whole, the plural here itemizes its components.
ἃςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ποιήσουσιν)→ participant referenceὅς (acc. fem. pl.): introduces the relative clause specifying that the listed garments are the ones the craftsmen are to make.
ποιήσουσινthey shall makeFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωverb of relative clause (the craftsmen as subject)→ predictive/imperatival futureποιέω (fut. 3 pl.): cf. v. 3; the craftsmen are again the makers; the relative clause introduces the enumerated list that follows in apposition.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with περιστήθιον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περιστήθιονbreastpieceAccusativeaccusative in apposition to ἃς (first item)→ object specificationπεριστήθιον: 'breastpiece, that which is worn around the chest' (περί + στῆθος); renders חֹשֶׁן; here it designates the high priest's breast-ornament, called more fully λογεῖον τῶν κρίσεων ('breastplate of judgment') from v. 15 on; the two terms refer to the same object.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ἐπωμίδα)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπωμίδαephodAccusativeaccusative in apposition (second item)→ object specificationἐπωμίς: 'ephod / shoulder-garment' (ἐπί + ὦμος, 'upon the shoulder'); renders אֵפוֹד; the principal high-priestly outer garment, woven of gold and dyed yarns, bearing the two shoulder-stones (vv. 6–14); the LXX's choice of ἐπωμίς interprets the ephod as essentially a shoulder-piece.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with ποδήρη)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποδήρηfull-length robeAccusativeaccusative in apposition (third item)→ object specificationποδήρης: 'reaching to the feet, ankle-length (robe)' (πούς + ἀρ-, 'fitted to the foot'); renders מְעִיל; the long blue robe worn under the ephod, described with bells and pomegranates at vv. 31–35; substantivized here as 'the full-length robe.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χιτῶναtunicAccusativeaccusative in apposition (fourth item)→ object specificationχιτών: 'tunic / undergarment'; renders כְּתֹנֶת; the woven inner garment of fine linen worn next to the body (cf. v. 39); here qualified as κοσυμβωτόν ('fringed / tasselled').
κοσυμβωτὸνfringed / tasselledAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying χιτῶνα)→ object specificationκοσυμβωτός: 'fringed, tasselled, made with checker-work / rosettes'; a rare technical term related to κόσυμβος ('tuft / fringe'); renders the Hebrew תַּשְׁבֵּץ ('woven in checker/setting work'); describes the decorative weave of the tunic (cf. the κόσυμβοι of v. 39).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κίδαρινturbanAccusativeaccusative in apposition (fifth item)→ object specificationκίδαρις: 'turban / priestly headdress' (a loanword of Persian origin); renders מִצְנֶפֶת; the high priest's head-covering, upon which the golden plate is bound (vv. 36–37); cf. the variant μίτρα used for the turban in vv. 37–38.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζώνηνsash / beltAccusativeaccusative in apposition (sixth item)→ object specificationζώνη: 'girdle / sash / belt'; renders אַבְנֵט; the embroidered waistband of the priestly attire (cf. v. 39, ζώνην … ἔργον ποικιλτοῦ); closes the six-item inventory.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing summary clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσουσινthey shall makeFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (summary repetition)→ imperatival futureποιέω (fut. 3 pl.): the verb is repeated to summarize and extend the command — the artisans will make holy garments not only for Aaron but also for his sons, broadening the scope to the whole priestly house.
στολὰςgarmentsAccusativedirect object of ποιήσουσιν→ object specificationστολή (acc. pl.): 'garments'; the holy vestments, here extended to Aaron's sons as well; the plural matches the multiple components and the multiple wearers.
ἁγίαςholyAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying στολὰς)→ object specificationἅγιος (acc. fem. pl.): the garments for the whole priestly house are likewise 'holy,' set apart for cultic service; cf. vv. 2–3.
Ααρωνfor Aarondative of advantage (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; 'for Aaron'; paired with τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτοῦ to include the whole priestly family.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of advantage ('for his sons')→ sphere or referenceυἱός (dat. pl.): the priestly garments are made for Aaron's sons as well, extending the priesthood's vesture to the next generation; cf. v. 40.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
εἰςforpreposition + articular infinitive (purpose)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: with the articular infinitive (εἰς τὸ ἱερατεύειν) expresses purpose, 'for serving as priests'; a common LXX purpose-construction.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with the infinitive ἱερατεύειν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερατεύεινto serve as priestsPres Act Inf · ἱερατεύωarticular infinitive of purpose (object of εἰς)→ purpose/telic present infinitive (ongoing priestly service)ἱερατεύω: cf. vv. 1, 3; the articular infinitive restates the chapter's governing purpose — all the holy garments exist so that Aaron and his sons may 'serve me as priests.'
μοιmeDativedative of advantage (object of ἱερατεύειν)→ participant reference or interestἐγώ (dat.): the priestly service is once more directed to YHWH himself ('to me'); the refrain ἱερατεύειν μοι binds vv. 1–4 into a unit.
5

καὶ αὐτοὶ λήμψονται τὸ χρυσίον καὶ τὴν ὑάκινθον καὶ τὴν πορφύραν καὶ τὸ κόκκινον καὶ τὴν βύσσον

And they themselves shall take the gold and the blue and the purple and the scarlet and the fine linen.

Continuation: the materials to be received for the vestments (main narrative)καὶ αὐτοὶ λήμψονται
The emphatic αὐτοί ('they themselves' = the skilled craftsmen of v. 3) marks the artisans as the ones who receive the five materials. The list of five — gold and the three dyed yarns and fine linen — is the standard tabernacle palette (cf. 25:3–4), and these same materials recur throughout the chapter's fabrication-instructions.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοὶthey themselvesNominativesubject (emphatic/intensive pronoun: the craftsmen)→ participant referenceαὐτός (nom. pl.): the intensive 'they themselves' resumes the σοφοί of v. 3 as the active recipients of the materials; the emphasis distinguishes the artisans from Moses, who instructs but does not handle the materials.
λήμψονταιthey shall take / receiveFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb (the craftsmen receive the materials)→ imperatival/predictive futureλαμβάνω (fut. mid.): 'take / receive'; renders לָקַח; the future-with-imperatival-force directs the artisans to take up the materials for the work; the middle form λήμψονται is the standard Koine future of λαμβάνω.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with χρυσίον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσίονgoldAccusativedirect object of λήμψονται (first material)→ object specificationχρυσίον: 'gold (as worked metal / bullion)'; renders זָהָב; the first and most precious of the five materials; gold thread is woven into the ephod and breastplate (vv. 6, 8, 15) and beaten into the plate (v. 36).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ὑάκινθον)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑάκινθονblue / violet (yarn)Accusativedirect object (second material)→ object specificationὑάκινθος: 'blue / violet-blue (wool dyed with the murex)'; renders תְּכֵלֶת; the deep blue-violet yarn, the most prestigious of the dyes; from it the whole robe is made (v. 31) and the cord that binds the plate (v. 37).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with πορφύραν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πορφύρανpurple (yarn)Accusativedirect object (third material)→ object specificationπορφύρα: 'purple (red-purple murex dye)'; renders אַרְגָּמָן; the costly reddish-purple wool, a royal color, woven into the ephod and breastplate.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with κόκκινον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κόκκινονscarlet (yarn)Accusativedirect object (fourth material)→ object specificationκόκκινος (τὸ κόκκινον): 'scarlet / crimson'; renders תּוֹלַעַת שָׁנִי ('scarlet of the worm'), the dye derived from the kermes insect; the third of the dyed yarns, often described διανενησμένον ('twined / spun', v. 8).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with βύσσον)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βύσσονfine linenAccusativedirect object (fifth material)→ object specificationβύσσος: 'fine linen / byssus'; renders שֵׁשׁ; the costly bleached-white linen, usually specified as βύσσος κεκλωσμένη ('twined fine linen', vv. 6, 8); the base fabric of the priestly garments; completes the five-material palette.
6

καὶ ποιήσουσιν τὴν ἐπωμίδα ἐκ βύσσου κεκλωσμένης ἔργον ὑφαντὸν ποικιλτοῦ

And they shall make the ephod of twined fine linen, the woven work of an embroiderer.

New sub-section: the making of the ephod (main narrative)καὶ ποιήσουσιν τὴν ἐπωμίδα
v. 6 opens the ephod sub-section (vv. 6–14). The genitive-of-material ἐκ βύσσου κεκλωσμένης and the appositional craft-description ἔργον ὑφαντὸν ποικιλτοῦ ('woven work of an embroiderer') are the technical formulae that recur for the high-priestly textiles; the artisan-genitive ποικιλτοῦ specifies the type of skilled worker responsible.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσουσινthey shall makeFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (the craftsmen)→ imperatival futureποιέω (fut. 3 pl.): cf. vv. 3–4; introduces the fabrication of the ephod, the first individual garment to be described in detail.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ἐπωμίδα)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπωμίδαephodAccusativedirect object of ποιήσουσιν→ object specificationἐπωμίς: cf. v. 4; the ephod, the principal high-priestly outer garment worn on the shoulders, now described in its construction; the LXX's ἐπωμίς ('shoulder-piece') interprets the garment's defining feature as its shoulder-attachment.
ἐκof / out ofpreposition + genitive (material)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'of / out of'; here the genitive of material — the ephod is made 'out of' twined fine linen (with the gold and dyed yarns of v. 8 worked in).
βύσσουfine linenGenitivegenitive of material (object of ἐκ)→ relational specificationβύσσος (gen.): cf. v. 5; the fine white linen base of the ephod; the genitive of material with ἐκ is the standard construction for stating what a garment is made of.
κεκλωσμένηςtwined / twistedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Gen Sg Fem · κλώθωattributive participle (modifying βύσσου)→ resultative perfect participle (state of being twined)κλώθω (perf. pass. ptcp.): 'spin / twist (thread)'; renders מָשְׁזָר ('twisted'); the perfect passive participle κεκλωσμένη denotes linen whose threads have been twisted/plied for strength and sheen — βύσσος κεκλωσμένη, 'twined fine linen,' a fixed technical phrase of the tabernacle textiles.
ἔργονworkAccusativeaccusative in apposition (defining the manner of manufacture)→ object specificationἔργον: 'work / product / craftsmanship'; renders מַעֲשֵׂה; the appositional ἔργον ὑφαντὸν ποικιλτοῦ ('woven work of an embroiderer') characterizes the type of skilled production; a recurring formula in the chapter (cf. vv. 8, 11, 14, 15, 39).
ὑφαντὸνwovenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔργον)→ object specificationὑφαντός: 'woven'; verbal adjective from ὑφαίνω ('weave'); specifies the ephod as woven work, as opposed to embroidery applied afterward; cf. the τὸ ὕφασμα ('the woven fabric') of v. 8.
ποικιλτοῦof an embroidererGenitivegenitive of the artisan (defining ἔργον)→ relational specificationποικιλτής: 'embroiderer / variegator (in colored work)'; renders רֹקֵם; the artisan-genitive specifies that the work is that of a skilled multicolored-weaver; ποικιλ- terms denote the variegated, many-colored craftsmanship of the sacred textiles (cf. ἔργον ποικιλτοῦ, vv. 15, 39).
7

δύο ἐπωμίδες συνέχουσαι ἔσονται αὐτῷ ἑτέρα τὴν ἑτέραν ἐπὶ τοῖς δυσὶ μέρεσιν ἐξηρτημέναι

It shall have two shoulder-pieces holding it together, each joined to the other, fastened at the two sides.

Specification: the two shoulder-pieces of the ephod (main narrative)δύο ἐπωμίδες
Asyndetic specification (no connective) describing the ephod's construction: it has two shoulder-pieces (ἐπωμίδες, here the parts rather than the whole) that hold the front and back together. The reciprocal idiom ἑτέρα τὴν ἑτέραν ('one to the other') and the participles συνέχουσαι / ἐξηρτημέναι describe how the garment is joined at the shoulders.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
δύοtwoNominativenumeral (modifying ἐπωμίδες)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; here the two shoulder-pieces of the ephod that join its front and back panels; δύο is largely indeclinable in Koine (dat. δυσί, as in this verse).
ἐπωμίδεςshoulder-piecesNominativesubject (the two shoulder-straps)→ participant prominenceἐπωμίς (nom. pl.): here in a derived sense, the two 'shoulder-pieces' or straps that join the ephod's panels (as opposed to the ephod as a whole in v. 6); the same noun thus names both the garment and its joining-straps.
συνέχουσαιholding togetherPres Act Ptcp Nom Pl Fem · συνέχωattributive/predicate participle (modifying ἐπωμίδες)→ durative present participle (continuous holding)συνέχω: 'hold together / join'; renders חֹבְרֹת ('joining'); the present participle describes the two shoulder-pieces as continuously binding the front and back of the ephod into one garment.
ἔσονταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (periphrastic with συνέχουσαι)→ predictive future (prescriptive: how it is to be)εἰμί (fut.): 'be'; the future ἔσονται with the participle συνέχουσαι forms a periphrastic future ('shall be holding together'), a Hebraizing construction common in the LXX for prescriptive instructions.
αὐτῷto/for itDativedative of possession ('it shall have')→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat.): dative of possession referring to the ephod ('there shall be to it two shoulder-pieces' = 'it shall have two shoulder-pieces'); a standard Greek construction for possession.
ἑτέραoneNominativesubject of the reciprocal idiom ('one [to] the other')→ participant prominenceἕτερος: 'one (of two) / the other'; the reciprocal idiom ἑτέρα τὴν ἑτέραν ('one [joined to] the other') describes the mutual attachment of the two shoulder-pieces; renders the Hebrew reciprocal expression for the joined edges.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ἑτέραν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑτέρανthe otherAccusativeaccusative in the reciprocal idiom ('to the other')→ object specificationἕτερος (acc.): 'the other'; completes the reciprocal ἑτέρα τὴν ἑτέραν; the two pieces are joined each to its counterpart.
ἐπὶat / uponpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + dat.: 'at / upon'; locates the joining at the two sides/edges of the garment.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with μέρεσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυσὶtwoDativenumeral (modifying μέρεσιν)→ sphere or referenceδύο (dat. δυσί): the dative of the numeral 'two'; the joining occurs at the two sides/ends of the ephod.
μέρεσινsides / partsDativedative object of ἐπί (location: 'at the two sides')→ sphere or referenceμέρος: 'part / side / portion'; renders קְצוֹת ('ends / edges'); the two μέρη are the two ends/edges of the ephod where the shoulder-pieces are attached.
ἐξηρτημέναιfastened / attachedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Nom Pl Fem · ἐξαρτάωpredicate participle (modifying ἐπωμίδες)→ resultative perfect participle (state of being fastened)ἐξαρτάω (perf. pass. ptcp.): 'fasten / attach / hang from'; the perfect passive participle ἐξηρτημέναι describes the shoulder-pieces as firmly attached at the two edges; the perfect stresses the resultant fixed state of the joining.
8

καὶ τὸ ὕφασμα τῶν ἐπωμίδων ὅ ἐστιν ἐπ᾿ αὐτῷ κατὰ τὴν ποίησιν ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἔσται ἐκ χρυσίου καὶ ὑακίνθου καὶ πορφύρας καὶ κοκκίνου διανενησμένου καὶ βύσσου κεκλωσμένης

And the woven band of the shoulder-pieces which is upon it shall be, according to its making, of one piece with it, of gold and blue and purple and spun scarlet and twined fine linen.

Specification: the woven band of the ephod and its materials (main narrative)καὶ τὸ ὕφασμα τῶν ἐπωμίδων
v. 8 describes the ὕφασμα ('woven band / waistband') of the ephod, made of one piece with the garment (ἐξ αὐτοῦ, 'out of it') and woven from the same five materials listed in v. 5. The materials-list κατὰ τὴν ποίησιν ('according to its workmanship') is the standard summary of the sacred-textile palette.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with ὕφασμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕφασμαwoven band / fabricNominativesubject→ participant prominenceὕφασμα: 'woven fabric / web' (from ὑφαίνω, 'weave'); renders חֵשֶׁב ('the skilfully woven band' of the ephod); here the woven band or skilfully wrought waistband of the ephod that holds it to the body; integral to the garment (ἐξ αὐτοῦ).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with ἐπωμίδων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπωμίδωνshoulder-piecesGenitivegenitive (defining: 'the band of the shoulder-pieces')→ relational specificationἐπωμίς (gen. pl.): cf. vv. 6–7; the woven band belongs to the ephod / its shoulder-pieces, binding the whole together.
ὅwhichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐστιν)→ participant referenceὅς (nom. neut.): the relative refers to τὸ ὕφασμα; 'which is upon it' locates the band as worn over the ephod.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of relative clause (locative predication)→ stative present (existing position)εἰμί (pres.): 'is'; locates the woven band as positioned 'upon it' (the ephod); the simple present states the band's settled placement.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + dative (location; elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + dat.: 'upon'; the band is worn upon the ephod itself.
αὐτῷitDativedative object of ἐπ᾿ (the ephod)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat.): refers to the ephod; the band rests upon the ephod.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm/standard)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; κατὰ τὴν ποίησιν, 'according to its (manner of) making' — the band is wrought by the same workmanship as the ephod.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ποίησιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποίησινmaking / workmanshipAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (norm)→ object specificationποίησις: 'making / manufacture / workmanship'; renders מַעֲשֵׂה; 'according to its workmanship' means the band is fashioned in the same manner and of the same materials as the ephod.
ἐξout ofpreposition + genitive (source: 'of one piece with')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'out of / from'; ἐξ αὐτοῦ ('out of it') means the band is made of one piece with the ephod, not separately attached; renders מִמֶּנּוּ ('from it / of the same').
αὐτοῦitGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ ('of one piece with it')→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen.): refers to the ephod; ἐξ αὐτοῦ stresses the band's integral unity with the garment.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (prescriptive)→ predictive future (prescriptive: how it is to be)εἰμί (fut.): 'shall be'; the prescriptive future governs the materials-list that follows — the band is to be 'of gold and blue …'.
ἐκofpreposition + genitive (material)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'of'; genitive of material introducing the five components of the band.
χρυσίουgoldGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationχρυσίον (gen.): cf. v. 5; gold thread is woven into the band, the first of its five materials.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑακίνθουblueGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationὑάκινθος (gen.): cf. v. 5; the blue-violet yarn, second material of the band.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορφύραςpurpleGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationπορφύρα (gen.): cf. v. 5; the purple yarn, third material.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοκκίνουscarletGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationκόκκινος (gen.): cf. v. 5; the scarlet yarn, here qualified διανενησμένου ('spun / twined'), fourth material.
διανενησμένουspun / twinedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Gen Sg Neut · διανήθωattributive participle (modifying κοκκίνου)→ resultative perfect participle (state of being spun)διανήθω (perf. pass. ptcp.): 'spin (thread) thoroughly'; renders שָׁזוּר / מָשְׁזָר; the perfect passive participle describes the scarlet as carefully spun/plied; the formula κόκκινον διανενησμένον recurs in the chapter (cf. v. 33).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βύσσουfine linenGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationβύσσος (gen.): cf. v. 5; the fine linen, fifth material, again qualified κεκλωσμένης ('twined').
κεκλωσμένηςtwinedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Gen Sg Fem · κλώθωattributive participle (modifying βύσσου)→ resultative perfect participle (state of being twined)κλώθω (perf. pass. ptcp.): cf. v. 6; βύσσος κεκλωσμένη ('twined fine linen') closes the materials-list, the fixed phrase for the plied linen of the sacred textiles.
9

καὶ λήμψῃ τοὺς δύο λίθους λίθους σμαράγδου καὶ γλύψεις ἐν αὐτοῖς τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ

And you shall take the two stones, stones of emerald, and you shall engrave on them the names of the sons of Israel.

New sub-section: the two engraved shoulder-stones (main narrative)καὶ λήμψῃ τοὺς δύο λίθους
vv. 9–12 prescribe the two shoulder-stones engraved with the tribal names. The shift back to 2nd-singular (λήμψῃ, γλύψεις) addresses Moses again as the overseer. The appositional λίθους σμαράγδου ('stones of emerald') specifies the gem; the names of the twelve tribes engraved on the stones make Aaron the bearer of all Israel before YHWH.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψῃyou shall takeFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (imperatival future to Moses)→ imperatival futureλαμβάνω (fut. mid. 2 sg.): cf. v. 5; the 2nd-singular addresses Moses as overseer of the work; he is to procure the two engraving-stones.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with λίθους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (modifying λίθους)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the two shoulder-stones, one for each shoulder of the ephod, six tribal names per stone (v. 10).
λίθουςstonesAccusativedirect object of λήμψῃ→ object specificationλίθος: 'stone / gemstone'; renders אֶבֶן; the two precious stones set on the ephod's shoulders, engraved with the tribal names; λίθος is the generic term used throughout the gemstone catalogue.
λίθουςstonesAccusativeaccusative in apposition ('stones of emerald')→ object specificationλίθος (acc. pl.): the repetition λίθους λίθους σμαράγδου ('stones, [namely] stones of emerald') is a Hebraizing appositional construction specifying the kind of stone; cf. אַבְנֵי־שֹׁהַם.
σμαράγδουof emeraldGenitivegenitive of material/quality (defining λίθους)→ relational specificationσμάραγδος: 'emerald / beryl-green stone' (a transliterated/borrowed gem-name); renders שֹׁהַם (elsewhere 'onyx'); the LXX identifies the shoulder-stones as σμάραγδος, a green gem, whereas MT has the onyx; σμάραγδος also appears as the third stone of the third row (v. 17). Kind 'x' as a transliterated gem-term.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γλύψειςyou shall engraveFut Act Indic 2 Sg · γλύφωmain verb (imperatival future to Moses)→ imperatival futureγλύφω: 'carve / engrave / cut'; renders פִּתַּח ('engrave'); the verb of seal-engraving (cf. the cognate γλύμμα, διαγλύφω of v. 11); the tribal names are cut into the stones as on a signet.
ἐνonpreposition + dative (location of engraving)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: 'on / in'; the names are engraved 'in/on them' (the stones).
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative object of ἐν (the stones)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. pl.): refers to the two stones, the surface of the engraving.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ὀνόματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματαnamesAccusativedirect object of γλύψεις→ object specificationὄνομα: 'name'; renders שֵׁם; the names of the twelve tribal ancestors (the sons of Jacob/Israel), engraved on the stones so that Aaron bears the whole people before YHWH (v. 12); a key motif of the chapter (vv. 9–12, 21, 29).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining: 'names of the sons')→ relational specificationυἱός (gen. pl.): the 'sons of Israel' here are the twelve tribal eponyms whose names represent the whole nation.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: cf. v. 1; the twelve tribal names of Israel are engraved on the shoulder-stones.
10

ἓξ ὀνόματα ἐπὶ τὸν λίθον τὸν ἕνα καὶ τὰ ἓξ ὀνόματα τὰ λοιπὰ ἐπὶ τὸν λίθον τὸν δεύτερον κατὰ τὰς γενέσεις αὐτῶν

Six names on the one stone and the remaining six names on the second stone, according to their generations.

Specification: the division of the names between the two stones (main narrative)ἓξ ὀνόματα
Asyndetic specification: the twelve names are divided six-and-six between the two stones, arranged κατὰ τὰς γενέσεις αὐτῶν ('according to their generations' = birth-order). The balanced division ensures all twelve tribes are equally represented on the high priest's shoulders.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἓξsixAccusativenumeral (modifying ὀνόματα)→ object specificationἕξ: 'six'; indeclinable numeral; the names are divided six per stone, balancing the twelve tribes across the two shoulders.
ὀνόματαnamesAccusativeaccusative (the names placed on the first stone)→ object specificationὄνομα (acc. pl.): cf. v. 9; six of the twelve tribal names go on the first stone.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (placement)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'on / upon'; marks the placement of the names on each stone.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with λίθον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λίθονstoneAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationλίθος (acc.): cf. v. 9; the first of the two shoulder-stones.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with ἕνα, attributive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἕναone / firstAccusativenumeral adjective (modifying λίθον: 'the one stone')→ measure or countεἷς (acc. masc.): 'one'; τὸν λίθον τὸν ἕνα, 'the one (first) stone'; in Hebraizing idiom εἷς can serve as an ordinal ('first'), paired with δεύτερον below.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ὀνόματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἓξsixAccusativenumeral (modifying ὀνόματα)→ object specificationἕξ: 'six'; the remaining six names for the second stone.
ὀνόματαnamesAccusativeaccusative (the names for the second stone)→ object specificationὄνομα (acc. pl.): the second set of six tribal names.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with λοιπὰ, attributive)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοιπὰremainingAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ὀνόματα)→ object specificationλοιπός: 'remaining / rest'; 'the remaining six names' — the other half of the twelve, ensuring a complete and balanced division.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (placement)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (placement).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with λίθον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λίθονstoneAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationλίθος (acc.): the second of the two shoulder-stones.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with δεύτερον, attributive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεύτερονsecondAccusativeordinal adjective (modifying λίθον)→ object specificationδεύτερος: 'second'; the ordinal pairs with ἕνα ('first') above to distinguish the two shoulder-stones.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm: ordering principle)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; κατὰ τὰς γενέσεις αὐτῶν, 'according to their generations,' specifies that the names are arranged in genealogical/birth order.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with γενέσεις)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γενέσειςgenerations / birth-orderAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationγένεσις: 'origin / birth / generation'; renders תּוֹלְדֹת / מוֹלְדֹת; κατὰ τὰς γενέσεις αὐτῶν means the names are engraved in order of the tribes' birth (the sequence of Jacob's sons).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the tribes')→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. pl.): refers to the sons of Israel; their birth-order governs the arrangement of the engraved names.
11

ἔργον λιθουργικῆς τέχνης γλύμμα σφραγῖδος διαγλύψεις τοὺς δύο λίθους ἐπὶ τοῖς ὀνόμασιν τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ

As the work of the stonecutter's art, the engraving of a seal, you shall engrave the two stones with the names of the sons of Israel.

Specification: the manner of engraving (seal-work) (main narrative)ἔργον λιθουργικῆς τέχνης
Fronted accusatives of manner (ἔργον … γλύμμα σφραγῖδος) describe the engraving as the work of the lapidary's art, cut like a signet-seal. The intensive compound διαγλύψεις ('engrave through / deeply') reinforces the seal-engraving imagery; the names are incised as on a personal signet.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἔργονworkAccusativeaccusative of manner (fronted)→ object specificationἔργον: cf. v. 6; here 'as the work of the stonecutter's art' — an accusative describing the manner/quality of the engraving.
λιθουργικῆςof stone-cuttingGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying τέχνης)→ relational specificationλιθουργικός: 'pertaining to stone-working / lapidary'; from λιθουργός ('stonecutter'); ἔργον λιθουργικῆς τέχνης, 'the work of the lapidary's craft,' specifies expert gem-engraving.
τέχνηςart / craftGenitivegenitive (defining ἔργον)→ relational specificationτέχνη: 'art / skill / craft'; renders חָרַשׁ / מַעֲשֵׂה חָרַשׁ; the gem-engraving is the product of a recognized specialist craft, not ordinary work.
γλύμμαengravingAccusativeaccusative in apposition (manner: 'as a seal-engraving')→ object specificationγλύμμα: 'a carving / engraving' (from γλύφω); renders פִּתּוּחַ; γλύμμα σφραγῖδος ('the engraving of a seal') is the standard LXX phrase for signet-style incision, applied to the shoulder-stones (here), the gemstones (v. 21), and the gold plate (v. 36).
σφραγῖδοςof a sealGenitivegenitive (defining γλύμμα)→ relational specificationσφραγίς: 'seal / signet'; renders חוֹתָם; the names are engraved as on a personal signet-ring — finely and permanently incised; the seal-imagery underscores the official, identifying character of the tribal names.
διαγλύψειςyou shall engraveFut Act Indic 2 Sg · διαγλύφωmain verb (imperatival future to Moses)→ imperatival futureδιαγλύφω: 'engrave deeply / carve through'; intensive compound of γλύφω (v. 9); the prefix δια- stresses thorough, deep incision proper to seal-engraving; renders פִּתַּח.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with λίθους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (modifying λίθους)→ measure or countδύο: the two shoulder-stones, object of the engraving.
λίθουςstonesAccusativedirect object of διαγλύψεις→ object specificationλίθος (acc. pl.): cf. v. 9; the two shoulder-stones are engraved with the tribal names.
ἐπὶwith / uponpreposition + dative (basis/reference: 'with the names')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + dat.: here 'with reference to / according to / with' the names — the engraving consists of the tribal names.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with ὀνόμασιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόμασινnamesDativedative object of ἐπί (content of the engraving)→ sphere or referenceὄνομα (dat. pl.): cf. v. 9; the engraving is of the tribal names — the stones are inscribed 'with the names of the sons of Israel.'
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining: 'names of the sons')→ relational specificationυἱός (gen. pl.): the sons of Israel, i.e. the twelve tribes.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: cf. v. 1; the engraved names are those of Israel's twelve tribes.
12

καὶ θήσεις τοὺς δύο λίθους ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων τῆς ἐπωμίδος λίθοι μνημοσύνου εἰσὶν τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ καὶ ἀναλήμψεται Ααρων τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ ἔναντι κυρίου ἐπὶ τῶν δύο ὤμων αὐτοῦ μνημόσυνον περὶ αὐτῶν

And you shall set the two stones upon the shoulders of the ephod; they are stones of memorial for the sons of Israel. And Aaron shall bear up the names of the sons of Israel before the LORD upon his two shoulders, a memorial concerning them.

Function: the shoulder-stones as a memorial before the LORD (main narrative)καὶ θήσεις τοὺς δύο λίθους
v. 12 states the theological function of the shoulder-stones: set on the ephod's shoulders, they are λίθοι μνημοσύνου ('stones of memorial'), and Aaron 'bears up' (ἀναλήμψεται) the tribal names before YHWH. The repeated μνημόσυνον ('memorial') frames the high priest as the corporate representative who carries all Israel into the divine presence.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θήσειςyou shall set / placeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · τίθημιmain verb (imperatival future to Moses)→ imperatival futureτίθημι (fut.): 'set / place / put'; renders שִׂים / נָתַן; the stones are to be mounted on the shoulders of the ephod; θήσεις recurs as the verb of placement in the chapter (cf. v. 29).
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with λίθους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (modifying λίθους)→ measure or countδύο: the two engraved shoulder-stones.
λίθουςstonesAccusativedirect object of θήσεις→ object specificationλίθος (acc. pl.): cf. v. 9; the engraved stones now mounted on the ephod's shoulder-pieces.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon'; the stones are set upon the shoulders of the ephod.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ὤμων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὤμωνshouldersGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (location)→ relational specificationὦμος: 'shoulder'; renders כָּתֵף; the shoulders of the ephod are precisely where the memorial-stones rest — the place from which the high priest visibly 'carries' the tribes; the noun underlies the term ἐπωμίς ('shoulder-piece').
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with ἐπωμίδος)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπωμίδοςephodGenitivegenitive (defining: 'shoulders of the ephod')→ relational specificationἐπωμίς (gen.): cf. v. 4; the ephod, on whose shoulder-pieces the memorial-stones are mounted.
λίθοιstonesNominativesubject (predicate clause: 'they are stones of memorial')→ participant prominenceλίθος (nom. pl.): the stones are now defined by function — λίθοι μνημοσύνου, 'stones of memorial.'
μνημοσύνουof memorialGenitivegenitive of quality/purpose (defining λίθοι)→ relational specificationμνημόσυνον: 'memorial / remembrance'; renders זִכָּרוֹן; the stones serve as a perpetual reminder before YHWH of the twelve tribes; a central theological term of the chapter, repeated at the verse's close and at v. 29.
εἰσὶνthey arePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula (predicate identification)→ stative present (defining function)εἰμί (pres. 3 pl.): 'are'; the copula defines the stones' enduring function as memorial-stones.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of advantage ('for the sons of Israel')→ sphere or referenceυἱός (dat. pl.): the memorial is 'for the sons of Israel' — on their behalf the stones keep the tribes in remembrance before YHWH.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: cf. v. 1; the memorial is on behalf of all the tribes of Israel.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναλήμψεταιshall bear up / carryFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀναλαμβάνωmain verb (Aaron as subject)→ predictive future (ongoing priestly bearing)ἀναλαμβάνω (fut. mid.): 'take up / bear / carry'; renders נָשָׂא ('bear / carry'); the prefix ἀνα- ('up') suits the lifting of the names upon the shoulders; Aaron 'bears up' the tribal names into the divine presence, embodying his representative office; the verb recurs (in λήμψεται) at v. 29.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: cf. v. 1; Aaron the high priest is the one who carries the tribal names before YHWH.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ὀνόματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματαnamesAccusativedirect object of ἀναλήμψεται→ object specificationὄνομα (acc. pl.): cf. v. 9; the engraved tribal names that Aaron carries on his shoulders.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining: 'names of the sons')→ relational specificationυἱός (gen. pl.): the sons of Israel, whose names Aaron bears.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: cf. v. 1.
ἔναντιbeforepreposition + genitive (before the LORD)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before / in the presence of'; renders לִפְנֵי; the high priest bears the names 'before the LORD,' presenting the whole people in the divine presence; a key locative of cultic mediation.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι (the Tetragrammaton)→ relational specificationκύριος (gen.): the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the memorial-bearing takes place 'before the LORD' himself, in the sanctuary.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon'; the names rest upon Aaron's two shoulders.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ὤμων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoGenitivenumeral (modifying ὤμων)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the two shoulders of Aaron, each bearing one memorial-stone.
ὤμωνshouldersGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (location)→ relational specificationὦμος (gen. pl.): cf. above; Aaron's own shoulders, on which the ephod's shoulder-stones rest as he ministers.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Aaron's)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Aaron's).
μνημόσυνονa memorialAccusativeaccusative in apposition (purpose: 'as a memorial')→ object specificationμνημόσυνον: cf. above; the closing μνημόσυνον περὶ αὐτῶν ('a memorial concerning them') restates the function — Aaron's shoulder-borne names keep the tribes in perpetual remembrance before YHWH.
περὶconcerningpreposition + genitive (reference)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'concerning / on behalf of'; the memorial is 'concerning them' (the tribes), keeping the people before God.
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of περί (the sons of Israel)→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. pl.): refers to the sons of Israel; the memorial keeps the tribes in remembrance before the LORD.
13

καὶ ποιήσεις ἀσπιδίσκας ἐκ χρυσίου καθαροῦ

And you shall make rosettes of pure gold.

Specification: the gold rosettes for the shoulder-stones (main narrative)καὶ ποιήσεις ἀσπιδίσκας
A brief instruction for the ἀσπιδίσκαι ('little shields / rosettes') of pure gold — the settings into which the braided gold chains (v. 14) are fitted to attach the breastplate to the ephod. The phrase ἐκ χρυσίου καθαροῦ ('of pure gold') recurs as the standard material-formula for the gold fittings (vv. 14, 22).
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειςyou shall makeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (imperatival future to Moses)→ imperatival futureποιέω (fut. 2 sg.): cf. v. 2; introduces the gold rosettes, fittings for the chainwork that joins the shoulder-stones (and later the breastplate).
ἀσπιδίσκαςrosettes / small bossesAccusativedirect object of ποιήσεις→ object specificationἀσπιδίσκη: 'little shield / boss / rosette' (diminutive of ἀσπίς, 'shield'); renders מִשְׁבְּצֹת ('settings / filigree'); the small shield-shaped gold settings into which the braided chains are fitted; recur at vv. 14, 29.
ἐκofpreposition + genitive (material)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: genitive of material, 'of pure gold.'
χρυσίουgoldGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationχρυσίον (gen.): cf. v. 5; the rosettes are of pure gold; χρυσίον καθαρόν is the recurring material-formula for the gold fittings.
καθαροῦpureGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying χρυσίου)→ relational specificationκαθαρός: 'pure / clean / unalloyed'; renders טָהוֹר; χρυσίον καθαρόν ('pure/refined gold') denotes unalloyed gold fit for the holiest fittings; cf. vv. 14, 22, 36.
14

καὶ ποιήσεις δύο κροσσωτὰ ἐκ χρυσίου καθαροῦ καταμεμιγμένα ἐν ἄνθεσιν ἔργον πλοκῆς καὶ ἐπιθήσεις τὰ κροσσωτὰ τὰ πεπλεγμένα ἐπὶ τὰς ἀσπιδίσκας κατὰ τὰς παρωμίδας αὐτῶν ἐκ τῶν ἐμπροσθίων

And you shall make two fringe-works of pure gold, intermingled with flower-work, a work of plaiting; and you shall put the plaited fringe-works upon the rosettes, at their shoulder-edges, on the front sides.

Specification: the braided gold chains attached to the rosettes (main narrative)καὶ ποιήσεις δύο κροσσωτὰ
The two κροσσωτά ('fringe-works / braided cords') of pure gold are made as plaited chainwork (ἔργον πλοκῆς) and fixed to the rosettes at the front shoulder-edges. The cluster of weaving-terms (καταμεμιγμένα, πλοκῆς, πεπλεγμένα) describes intricate goldsmith's plaitwork; the verse closes the ephod sub-section before the breastplate begins at v. 15.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειςyou shall makeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival futureποιέω (fut. 2 sg.): cf. v. 2; introduces the braided gold chains.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (modifying κροσσωτὰ)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the two braided cords/chains corresponding to the two rosettes/shoulder-stones.
κροσσωτὰfringe-works / braided cordsAccusativedirect object of ποιήσεις→ object specificationκροσσωτός (τὰ κροσσωτά): 'fringed / tasselled work, braided cords' (from κροσσός, 'tassel/fringe'); renders שַׁרְשְׁרֹת ('chains'); the twisted gold chains that connect the rosettes; cf. the κροσσοί of v. 22 and v. 29.
ἐκofpreposition + genitive (material)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: genitive of material, 'of pure gold.'
χρυσίουgoldGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationχρυσίον (gen.): cf. v. 5; the braided cords are of pure gold.
καθαροῦpureGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying χρυσίου)→ relational specificationκαθαρός: cf. v. 13; pure/refined gold.
καταμεμιγμέναintermingledPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Pl Neut · καταμίγνυμιattributive participle (modifying κροσσωτὰ)→ resultative perfect participle (state of being intermingled)καταμίγνυμι (perf. pass. ptcp.): 'mix together / intermingle'; the perfect passive participle describes the gold cords as interwoven/intermingled 'with flower-work' — the strands plaited together with floral ornament.
ἐνwith / inpreposition + dative (manner/ornament)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: 'with / in'; ἐν ἄνθεσιν, 'with flower-work,' describes the floral pattern of the goldwork.
ἄνθεσινflower-work / blossomsDativedative object of ἐν (ornamental pattern)→ sphere or referenceἄνθος (dat. pl. ἄνθεσιν): 'flower / blossom'; here decorative 'flower-work' — the gold chains are wrought with a floral, rosette-like pattern; ἄνθεσιν renders an ornamental motif in the goldsmith's craft.
ἔργονworkAccusativeaccusative in apposition (manner: 'a work of plaiting')→ object specificationἔργον: cf. v. 6; ἔργον πλοκῆς, 'plaited work,' characterizes the technique of the gold cords.
πλοκῆςof plaiting / braidingGenitivegenitive (defining ἔργον)→ relational specificationπλοκή: 'plaiting / braiding / twining' (from πλέκω); renders מַעֲשֵׂה עֲבֹת ('work of cords/rope'); the gold chains are braided like a rope or wreath, an intricate goldsmith's plaitwork.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσειςyou shall place uponFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival futureἐπιτίθημι (fut.): 'place upon / set on / attach'; renders נָתַן עַל; the braided cords are fixed onto the rosettes; ἐπιθήσεις is the recurring verb for attaching fittings (cf. vv. 29, 37).
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with κροσσωτὰ)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κροσσωτὰfringe-worksAccusativedirect object of ἐπιθήσεις→ object specificationκροσσωτός (acc. pl.): cf. above; the same braided gold cords, now attached to the rosettes.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with πεπλεγμένα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεπλεγμέναplaited / braidedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Pl Neut · πλέκωattributive participle (modifying κροσσωτὰ)→ resultative perfect participle (state of being plaited)πλέκω (perf. pass. ptcp.): 'plait / braid / weave'; the perfect passive participle 'the plaited (cords)' reinforces ἔργον πλοκῆς — the cords are finished braidwork; cognate with πλοκή above.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (placement)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'upon'; the cords are placed upon the rosettes.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with ἀσπιδίσκας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσπιδίσκαςrosettesAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationἀσπιδίσκη (acc. pl.): cf. v. 13; the gold rosettes onto which the braided cords are fixed.
κατὰat / corresponding topreposition + accusative (location/correspondence)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'at / according to'; locates the attachment at the shoulder-edges of the ephod.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with παρωμίδας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρωμίδαςshoulder-edgesAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (location)→ object specificationπαρωμίς: 'the part beside the shoulder, shoulder-edge / shoulder-strap' (παρά + ὦμος); the edges of the ephod's shoulder-pieces where the cords and rosettes are mounted.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the shoulder-pieces')→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. pl.): refers to the shoulder-pieces/rosettes; 'their shoulder-edges.'
ἐκon / frompreposition + genitive (position: 'on the front')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ + gen.: here positional, 'on the side of / from the front'; ἐκ τῶν ἐμπροσθίων, 'on the front parts,' locates the attachment at the front of the ephod.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἐμπροσθίων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐμπροσθίωνfront partsGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (position: front)→ relational specificationἐμπρόσθιος (τὰ ἐμπρόσθια): 'the front parts / front side' (from ἔμπροσθεν, 'in front'); the cords and rosettes are set on the front of the ephod, where they will join the breastplate.
15

καὶ ποιήσεις λογεῖον τῶν κρίσεων ἔργον ποικιλτοῦ κατὰ τὸν ῥυθμὸν τῆς ἐπωμίδος ποιήσεις αὐτό ἐκ χρυσίου καὶ ὑακίνθου καὶ πορφύρας καὶ κοκκίνου κεκλωσμένου καὶ βύσσου κεκλωσμένης ποιήσεις αὐτό

And you shall make a breastplate of judgments, embroiderer's work; according to the proportion of the ephod you shall make it; of gold and blue and purple and twined scarlet and twined fine linen you shall make it.

New sub-section: the breastplate of judgment (main narrative)καὶ ποιήσεις λογεῖον τῶν κρίσεων
v. 15 opens the breastplate sub-section (vv. 15–22, 29). The key term λογεῖον τῶν κρίσεων ('breastplate / oracle of the judgments') names the object that will hold the gemstones and the δήλωσις καὶ ἀλήθεια (v. 30). The doubled ποιήσεις αὐτό ('you shall make it') frames the materials-list and matches the ephod's workmanship (κατὰ τὸν ῥυθμὸν τῆς ἐπωμίδος).
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειςyou shall makeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival futureποιέω (fut. 2 sg.): cf. v. 2; opens the construction of the breastplate, the second great ornament of the high priest.
λογεῖονbreastplate / oracle-pieceAccusativedirect object of ποιήσεις→ object specificationλογεῖον (or λόγιον): 'oracle / place of speaking / breastplate'; renders חֹשֶׁן ('breastpiece'); the LXX's λογεῖον connects the breastpiece with λόγος/oracle, fitting its function of holding the δήλωσις καὶ ἀλήθεια (v. 30); the same object is called περιστήθιον at v. 4.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with κρίσεων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσεωνjudgmentsGenitivegenitive (defining λογεῖον: 'of the judgments')→ relational specificationκρίσις (gen. pl.): 'judgment / decision / verdict'; renders מִשְׁפָּט; λογεῖον τῶν κρίσεων ('breastplate of the judgments') names the breastpiece by its oracular function — it is the vehicle through which divine judgments/decisions for Israel are sought (cf. v. 30); a defining title repeated at vv. 29, 30.
ἔργονworkAccusativeaccusative in apposition (manner)→ object specificationἔργον: cf. v. 6; ἔργον ποικιλτοῦ, 'embroiderer's work,' as with the ephod (v. 6).
ποικιλτοῦof an embroidererGenitivegenitive of the artisan (defining ἔργον)→ relational specificationποικιλτής (gen.): cf. v. 6; the breastplate is the variegated, multicolored work of the skilled embroiderer.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm/correspondence)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; κατὰ τὸν ῥυθμὸν τῆς ἐπωμίδος, 'according to the proportion/pattern of the ephod' — the breastplate matches the ephod in workmanship and materials.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with ῥυθμὸν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥυθμὸνproportion / patternAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (standard)→ object specificationῥυθμός: 'measured form / proportion / pattern'; the breastplate is wrought 'according to the proportion of the ephod' — same materials and technique, matching it as a unified ensemble.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with ἐπωμίδος)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπωμίδοςephodGenitivegenitive (defining ῥυθμόν: 'of the ephod')→ relational specificationἐπωμίς (gen.): cf. v. 4; the breastplate matches the ephod, to which it is attached.
ποιήσειςyou shall makeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (resumptive repetition)→ imperatival futureποιέω (fut. 2 sg.): the repeated ποιήσεις αὐτό ('you shall make it') is an emphatic Hebraizing resumption, bracketing the materials-list.
αὐτόitAccusativedirect object (the breastplate)→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. neut.): refers to the λογεῖον; resumptive object of ποιήσεις.
ἐκofpreposition + genitive (material)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: genitive of material introducing the five components.
χρυσίουgoldGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationχρυσίον (gen.): cf. v. 5; gold thread, first material of the breastplate.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑακίνθουblueGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationὑάκινθος (gen.): cf. v. 5; blue yarn, second material.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορφύραςpurpleGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationπορφύρα (gen.): cf. v. 5; purple yarn, third material.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοκκίνουscarletGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationκόκκινος (gen.): cf. v. 5; scarlet yarn, here qualified κεκλωσμένου ('twined'), fourth material.
κεκλωσμένουtwinedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Gen Sg Neut · κλώθωattributive participle (modifying κοκκίνου)→ resultative perfect participle (state of being twined)κλώθω (perf. pass. ptcp.): cf. v. 6; the scarlet is 'twined/plied'; here κεκλωσμένου (with κόκκινον), parallel to the διανενησμένου of v. 8.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βύσσουfine linenGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationβύσσος (gen.): cf. v. 5; fine linen, fifth material, qualified κεκλωσμένης.
κεκλωσμένηςtwinedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Gen Sg Fem · κλώθωattributive participle (modifying βύσσου)→ resultative perfect participle (state of being twined)κλώθω (perf. pass. ptcp.): cf. v. 6; βύσσος κεκλωσμένη, 'twined fine linen.'
ποιήσειςyou shall makeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (closing resumptive repetition)→ imperatival futureποιέω (fut. 2 sg.): the final ποιήσεις αὐτό closes the materials-list with emphatic Hebraizing repetition, bracketing the whole verse.
αὐτόitAccusativedirect object (the breastplate)→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. neut.): the breastplate; closing resumptive object.
16

τετράγωνον ἔσται διπλοῦν σπιθαμῆς τὸ μῆκος καὶ σπιθαμῆς τὸ εὖρος

It shall be square, doubled, a span its length and a span its breadth.

Specification: the dimensions of the breastplate (main narrative)τετράγωνον ἔσται
Asyndetic specification of the breastplate's shape and size: square (τετράγωνον), doubled over (διπλοῦν, forming a pouch), one span (σπιθαμή) on each side. The doubling provides a fold to hold the δήλωσις καὶ ἀλήθεια (v. 30).
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τετράγωνονsquare / four-corneredNominativepredicate adjective (with ἔσται)→ participant prominenceτετράγωνος: 'four-cornered / square' (τέτρα + γωνία); renders רָבוּעַ; the breastplate is to be square, a shape it shares with the altar of incense (30:2) and the bronze altar (27:1).
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (prescriptive copula)→ predictive future (prescriptive)εἰμί (fut.): 'shall be'; prescriptive future stating the required shape and dimensions of the breastplate.
διπλοῦνdoubled / doubleNominativepredicate adjective (with ἔσται)→ participant prominenceδιπλοῦς: 'double / twofold'; renders כָּפוּל ('doubled'); the breastplate is folded double, forming a pouch/fold (in which, per v. 30, the δήλωσις καὶ ἀλήθεια are placed).
σπιθαμῆςof a spanGenitivegenitive of measure (with τὸ μῆκος)→ relational specificationσπιθαμή: 'span' (the distance from thumb to little finger, c. 22 cm); renders זֶרֶת; genitive of measure: 'a span [in] its length'; the breastplate is one span square.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with μῆκος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μῆκοςlengthNominativeaccusative/nominative of respect ('its length')→ participant prominenceμῆκος: 'length'; renders אֹרֶךְ; 'a span [is] its length'; the article-noun functions as an accusative of respect specifying the dimension measured.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σπιθαμῆςof a spanGenitivegenitive of measure (with τὸ εὖρος)→ relational specificationσπιθαμή (gen.): cf. above; the breadth is likewise one span, making the breastplate exactly square.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with εὖρος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὖροςbreadth / widthNominativeaccusative/nominative of respect ('its breadth')→ participant prominenceεὖρος: 'breadth / width'; renders רֹחַב; 'a span [is] its breadth'; confirms the square form of the breastplate (one span by one span).
17

καὶ καθυφανεῖς ἐν αὐτῷ ὕφασμα κατάλιθον τετράστιχον στίχος λίθων ἔσται σάρδιον τοπάζιον καὶ σμάραγδος ὁ στίχος ὁ εἷς

And you shall weave into it a setting of stones, in four rows; a row of stones shall be: a sardius, a topaz, and an emerald — the first row.

Specification: the gemstone setting of the breastplate, first row (main narrative)καὶ καθυφανεῖς ἐν αὐτῷ
v. 17 begins the four-row gemstone catalogue (vv. 17–20). The compound καθυφανεῖς ('weave down/into') and the technical ὕφασμα κατάλιθον τετράστιχον ('a stone-set weave in four rows') frame the twelve stones as woven into the breastplate. The first row — σάρδιον, τοπάζιον, σμάραγδος — heads the catalogue, each stone a transliterated/borrowed gem-name (kind 'x').
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθυφανεῖςyou shall weave inFut Act Indic 2 Sg · καθυφαίνωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival futureκαθυφαίνω: 'weave in / interweave' (κατά + ὑφαίνω); the gemstone-settings are 'woven into' the breastplate-fabric; the compound stresses that the stones are integrated into the textile, not merely sewn on.
ἐνinto / inpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: 'in / into'; the setting is woven into the breastplate.
αὐτῷitDativedative object of ἐν (the breastplate)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat.): refers to the λογεῖον; the stone-setting is woven into it.
ὕφασμαwoven setting / fabricAccusativedirect object of καθυφανεῖς→ object specificationὕφασμα: cf. v. 8; here the 'woven (work)' that holds the stones — ὕφασμα κατάλιθον, a stone-studded weave; the breastplate's face is wrought to receive the twelve gems.
κατάλιθονset with stonesAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ὕφασμα)→ object specificationκατάλιθος: 'set with stones / studded with gems' (κατά + λίθος); a rare technical adjective describing the gem-encrusted weave of the breastplate-face.
τετράστιχονin four rowsAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ὕφασμα)→ object specificationτετράστιχος: 'of four rows' (τέτρα + στίχος, 'row'); the twelve stones are arranged in four rows of three; the term governs the catalogue of vv. 17–20.
στίχοςrowNominativesubject (predicate clause: 'a row shall be...')→ participant prominenceστίχος: 'row / line'; renders טוּר; each στίχος is a horizontal row of three stones; the word is repeated to head each of the four rows (vv. 17–20).
λίθωνof stonesGenitivegenitive (defining στίχος: 'a row of stones')→ relational specificationλίθος (gen. pl.): cf. v. 9; the gemstones composing each row.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (prescriptive copula)→ predictive future (prescriptive)εἰμί (fut.): 'shall be'; introduces the contents of the first row.
σάρδιονsardius / carnelianNominativepredicate (first stone of row 1)→ participant prominenceσάρδιον: 'sardius / carnelian' (a reddish stone, named from Sardis); renders אֹדֶם; the first stone of the first row; a transliterated/borrowed gem-name (kind 'x').
τοπάζιονtopazNominativepredicate (second stone of row 1)→ participant prominenceτοπάζιον: 'topaz' (a yellow-green stone); renders פִּטְדָה; the second stone of the first row; a borrowed gem-name (kind 'x').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σμάραγδοςemeraldNominativepredicate (third stone of row 1)→ participant prominenceσμάραγδος: 'emerald / green stone'; renders בָּרֶקֶת ('carbuncle/emerald'); the third stone of the first row; cf. the shoulder-stones of v. 9; a transliterated/borrowed gem-name (kind 'x').
ὁtheNominativearticle (with στίχος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στίχοςrowNominativeappositional summary ('the first row')→ participant prominenceστίχος: cf. above; the summarizing tag ὁ στίχος ὁ εἷς ('the first row') closes the row, a pattern repeated for each subsequent row.
ὁtheNominativearticle (attributive, with εἷς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἷςone / firstNominativenumeral adjective (modifying στίχος)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one / first'; in Hebraizing idiom 'the one (first) row'; parallels τὸν λίθον τὸν ἕνα of v. 10; paired with δεύτερος, τρίτος, τέταρτος in the following rows.
18

καὶ ὁ στίχος ὁ δεύτερος ἄνθραξ καὶ σάπφειρος καὶ ἴασπις

And the second row: a carbuncle and a sapphire and a jasper.

Specification: the second row of gemstones (main narrative)καὶ ὁ στίχος ὁ δεύτερος
The second row — ἄνθραξ, σάπφειρος, ἴασπις — continues the catalogue. The pattern ὁ στίχος ὁ δεύτερος ('the second row') matches vv. 17, 19, 20; the verb ἔσται is elided (gapped from v. 17).
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with στίχος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στίχοςrowNominativesubject (heading the second row)→ participant prominenceστίχος: cf. v. 17; the second horizontal row of three stones.
ὁtheNominativearticle (attributive, with δεύτερος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεύτεροςsecondNominativeordinal adjective (modifying στίχος)→ participant prominenceδεύτερος: 'second'; cf. v. 10; identifies the second of the four rows.
ἄνθραξcarbuncle / garnetNominativepredicate (first stone of row 2)→ participant prominenceἄνθραξ: 'carbuncle / red garnet' (lit. 'glowing coal'); renders נֹפֶךְ; the first stone of the second row; here a borrowed gem-term (kind 'x').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σάπφειροςsapphire / lapis lazuliNominativepredicate (second stone of row 2)→ participant prominenceσάπφειρος: 'sapphire / lapis lazuli' (a deep-blue stone); renders סַפִּיר; the second stone of the second row; a transliterated gem-name (kind 'x').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴασπιςjasperNominativepredicate (third stone of row 2)→ participant prominenceἴασπις: 'jasper' (an opaque variously-colored stone); renders יָהֲלֹם ('jasper / diamond'); the third stone of the second row; a transliterated gem-name (kind 'x').
19

καὶ ὁ στίχος ὁ τρίτος λιγύριον ἀχάτης καὶ ἀμέθυστος

And the third row: a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst.

Specification: the third row of gemstones (main narrative)καὶ ὁ στίχος ὁ τρίτος
The third row — λιγύριον, ἀχάτης, ἀμέθυστος — continues the catalogue in the same elliptical pattern, the copula gapped from v. 17.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with στίχος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στίχοςrowNominativesubject (heading the third row)→ participant prominenceστίχος: cf. v. 17; the third row of three stones.
ὁtheNominativearticle (attributive, with τρίτος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίτοςthirdNominativeordinal adjective (modifying στίχος)→ participant prominenceτρίτος: 'third'; identifies the third of the four rows.
λιγύριονligure / jacinthNominativepredicate (first stone of row 3)→ participant prominenceλιγύριον: 'ligure / jacinth' (an amber- or orange-colored stone); renders לֶשֶׁם; the first stone of the third row; a borrowed gem-name (kind 'x').
ἀχάτηςagateNominativepredicate (second stone of row 3)→ participant prominenceἀχάτης: 'agate' (a banded chalcedony, named from the Sicilian river Achates); renders שְׁבוֹ; the second stone of the third row; a borrowed gem-name (kind 'x').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀμέθυστοςamethystNominativepredicate (third stone of row 3)→ participant prominenceἀμέθυστος: 'amethyst' (a purple quartz; lit. 'not-drunken', thought to ward off intoxication); renders אַחְלָמָה; the third stone of the third row; a transliterated gem-name (kind 'x').
20

καὶ ὁ στίχος ὁ τέταρτος χρυσόλιθος καὶ βηρύλλιον καὶ ὀνύχιον περικεκαλυμμένα χρυσίῳ συνδεδεμένα ἐν χρυσίῳ ἔστωσαν κατὰ στίχον αὐτῶν

And the fourth row: a chrysolite and a beryl and an onyx, overlaid with gold, bound together with gold; let them be according to their row.

Specification: the fourth row and the gold settings of all the stones (main narrative)καὶ ὁ στίχος ὁ τέταρτος
The fourth row — χρυσόλιθος, βηρύλλιον, ὀνύχιον — completes the twelve. The closing participles περικεκαλυμμένα … συνδεδεμένα ('overlaid … bound together with gold') and the imperative ἔστωσαν apply to all the stones: each is mounted in a gold setting and held in place κατὰ στίχον αὐτῶν ('in their proper row').
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with στίχος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στίχοςrowNominativesubject (heading the fourth row)→ participant prominenceστίχος: cf. v. 17; the fourth and final row of three stones.
ὁtheNominativearticle (attributive, with τέταρτος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέταρτοςfourthNominativeordinal adjective (modifying στίχος)→ participant prominenceτέταρτος: 'fourth'; the last of the four rows, completing the twelve stones.
χρυσόλιθοςchrysoliteNominativepredicate (first stone of row 4)→ participant prominenceχρυσόλιθος: 'chrysolite / golden-stone' (a yellow stone; lit. 'gold-stone'); renders תַּרְשִׁישׁ; the first stone of the fourth row; a borrowed gem-name (kind 'x').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βηρύλλιονberylNominativepredicate (second stone of row 4)→ participant prominenceβηρύλλιον: 'beryl' (a pale green/blue stone); renders שֹׁהַם ('onyx/beryl'); the second stone of the fourth row; a borrowed gem-name (kind 'x').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀνύχιονonyxNominativepredicate (third stone of row 4)→ participant prominenceὀνύχιον: 'onyx' (diminutive of ὄνυξ, 'nail/claw', from its banded color); renders יָשְׁפֵה ('jasper'); the third stone of the fourth row, completing the twelve; a borrowed gem-name (kind 'x').
περικεκαλυμμέναoverlaid / encasedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Nom Pl Neut · περικαλύπτωpredicate participle (modifying the stones)→ resultative perfect participle (state of being encased)περικαλύπτω (perf. pass. ptcp.): 'cover all around / overlay / encase'; the perfect passive participle describes each stone as set in a gold mounting that encloses it (περι-, 'around'); renders מְשֻׁבָּצִים ('set in filigree').
χρυσίῳwith goldDativedative of means (with περικεκαλυμμένα)→ sphere or referenceχρυσίον (dat.): cf. v. 5; the gold of the settings that encase the stones; dative of means.
συνδεδεμέναbound togetherPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Nom Pl Neut · συνδέωpredicate participle (modifying the stones)→ resultative perfect participle (state of being bound)συνδέω (perf. pass. ptcp.): 'bind together / fasten'; the perfect passive participle describes the stones as held fast in their gold settings; with περικεκαλυμμένα it stresses the secure mounting of each gem.
ἐνwith / inpreposition + dative (means)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: 'with / in'; the stones are bound in gold settings.
χρυσίῳgoldDativedative object of ἐν (means)→ sphere or referenceχρυσίον (dat.): the gold in which the stones are bound; reinforces the gold-mounting of all twelve gems.
ἔστωσανlet them bePres Act Impv 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (3rd-person imperative)→ prescriptive present imperative (standing requirement)εἰμί (pres. impv. 3 pl.): 'let them be'; the third-person imperative prescribes the required state — the stones are to remain set 'according to their row'; ἔστωσαν recurs in the chapter for standing prescriptions (v. 21).
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm: arrangement)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; κατὰ στίχον αὐτῶν, 'according to their row,' fixes each stone in its proper row and position.
στίχονrowAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationστίχος (acc.): cf. v. 17; each stone keeps its assigned place in its row.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the stones')→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. pl.): refers to the stones; 'their row' — each gem fixed in its proper rank.
21

καὶ οἱ λίθοι ἔστωσαν ἐκ τῶν ὀνομάτων τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ δέκα δύο κατὰ τὰ ὀνόματα αὐτῶν γλυφαὶ σφραγίδων ἕκαστος κατὰ τὸ ὄνομα ἔστωσαν εἰς δέκα δύο φυλάς

And the stones shall be from the names of the sons of Israel, twelve, according to their names; engravings of seals, each according to its name, they shall be for the twelve tribes.

Function: the twelve stones bear the twelve tribal names (main narrative)καὶ οἱ λίθοι ἔστωσαν
v. 21 states the significance of the gemstones: the twelve stones correspond to the twelve tribes, each engraved seal-fashion (γλυφαὶ σφραγίδων) with one tribal name. The repeated δέκα δύο ('twelve') and the distributive ἕκαστος κατὰ τὸ ὄνομα ensure that all twelve tribes are individually represented on the breastplate, as on the shoulder-stones (vv. 9–12).
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with λίθοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λίθοιstonesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceλίθος (nom. pl.): cf. v. 9; the twelve breastplate-stones, here defined by their correspondence to the twelve tribal names.
ἔστωσανlet them bePres Act Impv 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (3rd-person imperative)→ prescriptive present imperative (standing requirement)εἰμί (pres. impv. 3 pl.): cf. v. 20; 'let them be from the names…' — the stones are to correspond to the tribal names; the imperative prescribes the standing arrangement.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (correspondence/source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ + gen.: here 'from / corresponding to'; the stones are 'from the names' — each stone takes/bears one of the twelve names.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ὀνομάτων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνομάτωνnamesGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationὄνομα (gen. pl.): cf. v. 9; the twelve tribal names that the stones bear.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining: 'names of the sons')→ relational specificationυἱός (gen. pl.): the sons of Israel, the twelve tribes.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: cf. v. 1; the names are those of Israel's twelve tribes.
δέκαtennumeral (with δύο: 'twelve')→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; indeclinable; in the construction δέκα δύο ('ten-two') = twelve, the LXX's analytic way of expressing twelve (rendering שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה); cf. εἰς δέκα δύο φυλάς below.
δύοtwonumeral (with δέκα: 'twelve')→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; δέκα δύο = twelve; the number of stones matching the number of tribes.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; κατὰ τὰ ὀνόματα αὐτῶν, 'according to their names' — each stone matched to a tribe by name.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ὀνόματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματαnamesAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationὄνομα (acc. pl.): cf. v. 9; the tribal names governing the assignment of the stones.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the tribes')→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. pl.): refers to the sons of Israel.
γλυφαὶengravingsNominativenominative in apposition (describing the stones)→ participant prominenceγλυφή: 'carving / engraving' (from γλύφω, v. 9); renders פִּתּוּחֵי; γλυφαὶ σφραγίδων ('engravings of seals') restates the seal-engraving manner of v. 11 — each name incised as on a signet.
σφραγίδωνof sealsGenitivegenitive (defining γλυφαὶ)→ relational specificationσφραγίς (gen. pl.): cf. v. 11; the engravings are seal-engravings, fine signet-style incisions of the tribal names.
ἕκαστοςeachNominativedistributive pronoun (each stone)→ participant referenceἕκαστος: 'each / every one'; distributive — every stone bears its own name, so that all twelve tribes are individually represented; cf. the distributive logic of v. 10.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; κατὰ τὸ ὄνομα, 'according to the (its own) name.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ὄνομα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationὄνομα (acc. sg.): each stone is engraved with its own single tribal name.
ἔστωσανlet them bePres Act Impv 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (resumptive 3rd-person imperative)→ prescriptive present imperativeεἰμί (pres. impv. 3 pl.): the repeated ἔστωσαν resumes the prescription, now stating the purpose — the stones are 'for the twelve tribes.'
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose/correspondence)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: 'for / unto'; εἰς δέκα δύο φυλάς, 'for the twelve tribes' — the stones represent and stand for the twelve tribes.
δέκαtennumeral (with δύο: 'twelve')→ measure or countδέκα: cf. above; δέκα δύο = twelve.
δύοtwonumeral (with δέκα: 'twelve')→ measure or countδύο: cf. above; twelve tribes.
φυλάςtribesAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (the twelve tribes)→ object specificationφυλή: 'tribe / clan'; renders שֵׁבֶט / מַטֶּה; the twelve tribes of Israel, each represented by one named stone; the breastplate thus bears the whole nation over the high priest's heart.
22

καὶ ποιήσεις ἐπὶ τὸ λογεῖον κροσσοὺς συμπεπλεγμένους ἔργον ἁλυσιδωτὸν ἐκ χρυσίου καθαροῦ

And you shall make upon the breastplate braided cords, chainwork, of pure gold.

Specification: the braided gold chains of the breastplate (main narrative)καὶ ποιήσεις ἐπὶ τὸ λογεῖον
v. 22 closes the breastplate's basic construction with the braided gold cords (κροσσοὶ συμπεπλεγμένοι, ἔργον ἁλυσιδωτόν) by which it will be fastened to the ephod. This is the last verse before the great versification gap: in the Old Greek vv. 23–28 (the gold rings and chains of MT) are absent, and the next verse is numbered 29.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειςyou shall makeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival futureποιέω (fut. 2 sg.): cf. v. 2; the braided gold cords of the breastplate, parallel to those of the ephod (v. 14).
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (placement)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'upon'; the cords are made upon/for the breastplate.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with λογεῖον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λογεῖονbreastplateAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationλογεῖον (acc.): cf. v. 15; the breastplate of judgment, to which the gold cords are attached.
κροσσοὺςcords / tasselsAccusativedirect object of ποιήσεις→ object specificationκροσσός: 'tassel / fringe / braided cord'; renders שַׁרְשְׁרֹת ('chains'); the braided gold cords for fastening the breastplate; cf. the κροσσωτά of v. 14 and the κροσσούς of v. 29.
συμπεπλεγμένουςbraided togetherPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Pl Masc · συμπλέκωattributive participle (modifying κροσσοὺς)→ resultative perfect participle (state of being braided)συμπλέκω (perf. pass. ptcp.): 'interweave / braid together'; the perfect passive participle describes the cords as plaited together (συν-, 'together'); reinforces the chainwork imagery; cognate with πλέκω (v. 14).
ἔργονworkAccusativeaccusative in apposition (manner)→ object specificationἔργον: cf. v. 6; ἔργον ἁλυσιδωτόν, 'chain-work,' characterizes the cords as wrought like a chain.
ἁλυσιδωτὸνchain-work / like a chainAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔργον)→ object specificationἁλυσιδωτός: 'wrought as a chain, chain-like' (from ἅλυσις, 'chain'); the gold cords are made as interlinked chainwork; renders עֲבֹת ('twisted cord/chain'); cf. τὰ ἁλυσιδωτά of v. 29.
ἐκofpreposition + genitive (material)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: genitive of material, 'of pure gold.'
χρυσίουgoldGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationχρυσίον (gen.): cf. v. 5; the chains are of pure gold.
καθαροῦpureGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying χρυσίου)→ relational specificationκαθαρός: cf. v. 13; χρυσίον καθαρόν, pure/refined gold; the last words before the OG versification gap (no vv. 23–28).
29

καὶ λήμψεται Ααρων τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ ἐπὶ τοῦ λογείου τῆς κρίσεως ἐπὶ τοῦ στήθους εἰσιόντι εἰς τὸ ἅγιον μνημόσυνον ἔναντι τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ θήσεις ἐπὶ τὸ λογεῖον τῆς κρίσεως τοὺς κροσσούς τὰ ἁλυσιδωτὰ ἐπ᾿ ἀμφοτέρων τῶν κλιτῶν τοῦ λογείου ἐπιθήσεις καὶ τὰς δύο ἀσπιδίσκας ἐπιθήσεις ἐπ᾿ ἀμφοτέρους τοὺς ὤμους τῆς ἐπωμίδος κατὰ πρόσωπον

And Aaron shall bear the names of the sons of Israel upon the breastplate of judgment, upon his breast, as he enters into the holy place, a memorial before God. And you shall put upon the breastplate of judgment the cords, the chainwork; you shall set them on both sides of the breastplate, and you shall set the two rosettes on both shoulders of the ephod, in front.

Function and supplementary attachment-note (main narrative); first verse after the OG versification gapκαὶ λήμψεται Ααρων
v. 29 immediately follows v. 22 (there are NO vv. 23–28 in the Old Greek). It states the breastplate's central function — Aaron bears the tribal names over his heart as a memorial before God when he enters the holy place — and then appends, in compressed and re-ordered form, the breastplate-attachment material that MT spreads over 28:23–28: the chains are set on both edges (κλίτη) of the breastplate, and the two rosettes on both shoulders of the ephod, at the front. This supplementary clause is the OG's equivalent for the omitted MT fastening verses.
Word-by-word analysis· 55 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψεταιshall bear / carryFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (Aaron as subject)→ predictive future (ongoing priestly bearing)λαμβάνω (fut. mid.): 'take up / bear / carry'; renders נָשָׂא; here 'Aaron shall bear/carry' the tribal names on the breastplate over his heart; parallel to ἀναλήμψεται of v. 12 (the shoulder-stones), now for the breast-stones.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: cf. v. 1; the high priest who bears the names over his heart.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ὀνόματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματαnamesAccusativedirect object of λήμψεται→ object specificationὄνομα (acc. pl.): cf. v. 9; the twelve tribal names engraved on the breastplate-stones, which Aaron carries over his heart.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining: 'names of the sons')→ relational specificationυἱός (gen. pl.): the sons of Israel, the twelve tribes.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: cf. v. 1.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon'; the names are borne upon the breastplate.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with λογείου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λογείουbreastplateGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationλογεῖον (gen.): cf. v. 15; the breastplate of judgment on which the names are borne.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with κρίσεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσεωςjudgmentGenitivegenitive (defining λογείου: 'of judgment')→ relational specificationκρίσις (gen. sg.): cf. v. 15; 'the breastplate of judgment' — its oracular function, fulfilled by the δήλωσις καὶ ἀλήθεια of v. 30.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon'; the breastplate rests upon Aaron's breast.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with στήθους)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στήθουςbreast / chestGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (location)→ relational specificationστῆθος: 'breast / chest'; renders לֵב ('heart') in this context; the breastplate rests over Aaron's heart/breast, so that he carries the tribes 'over his heart' before God; the noun underlies περιστήθιον (v. 4).
εἰσιόντιas he entersPres Act Ptcp Dat Sg Masc · εἴσειμιcircumstantial participle (dative, agreeing with implied Aaron)→ durative present participle (temporal: 'while entering')εἴσειμι (pres. ptcp.): 'go in / enter'; the dative participle (agreeing with an implied 'to him', i.e. Aaron) is temporal — 'as/when he enters the holy place'; the names are borne specifically at the moment of entry into the sanctuary; cf. εἰσπορεύηται of v. 30.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: 'into'; entry into the holy place.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἅγιον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιονholy placeAccusativesubstantival adjective (object of εἰς)→ object specificationἅγιον (τὸ ἅγιον): cf. v. 3; the sanctuary, into which Aaron enters bearing the names.
μνημόσυνονa memorialAccusativeaccusative in apposition (purpose: 'as a memorial')→ object specificationμνημόσυνον: cf. v. 12; the breast-borne names, like the shoulder-stones, are a 'memorial before God' — keeping the tribes in remembrance in the divine presence.
ἔναντιbeforepreposition + genitive (before God)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: cf. v. 12; 'before God' — the memorial is set in the divine presence.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with θεοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι→ relational specificationθεός (gen.): 'God'; renders אֱלֹהִים; here ἔναντι τοῦ θεοῦ ('before God') varies the ἔναντι κυρίου of v. 12; the memorial stands in the presence of God himself.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing the supplementary attachment-note)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: introduces the supplementary clause (the OG's compressed equivalent of MT 28:23–28) on attaching the chains and rosettes.
θήσειςyou shall putFut Act Indic 2 Sg · τίθημιmain verb (imperatival future to Moses)→ imperatival futureτίθημι (fut. 2 sg.): cf. v. 12; the shift back to 2nd-singular (Moses) opens the attachment-instructions for the cords and rosettes.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (placement)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'upon'; the cords are placed upon the breastplate.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with λογεῖον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λογεῖονbreastplateAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationλογεῖον (acc.): cf. v. 15; the breastplate of judgment receiving the chains.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with κρίσεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσεωςjudgmentGenitivegenitive (defining λογεῖον)→ relational specificationκρίσις (gen.): cf. v. 15; 'of judgment.'
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with κροσσούς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κροσσούςcordsAccusativedirect object of θήσεις→ object specificationκροσσός (acc. pl.): cf. v. 22; the braided gold cords now attached to the breastplate.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (in apposition, with ἁλυσιδωτὰ)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁλυσιδωτὰthe chainworkAccusativesubstantival adjective in apposition to κροσσούς→ object specificationἁλυσιδωτός (τὰ ἁλυσιδωτά): cf. v. 22; 'the chainwork' — the braided cords described as chains; in apposition to κροσσούς, identifying the cords as the chain-fastenings.
ἐπ᾿onpreposition + genitive (location; elided)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'on'; the chains are set on both edges of the breastplate.
ἀμφοτέρωνbothGenitiveadjective (modifying κλιτῶν: 'both sides')→ relational specificationἀμφότεροι: 'both'; the chains are fixed on both edges/sides of the breastplate, balancing the attachment.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with κλιτῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλιτῶνsides / edgesGenitivegenitive object of ἐπ᾿ (location)→ relational specificationκλίτος: 'side / edge / flank'; renders קְצוֹת ('ends'); the two edges of the breastplate where the chains are attached; the noun is used for the sides of cultic objects (cf. the κλίτη of the tabernacle, 26:20).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with λογείου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λογείουbreastplateGenitivegenitive (defining: 'the edges of the breastplate')→ relational specificationλογεῖον (gen.): cf. v. 15; the breastplate whose two edges receive the chains.
ἐπιθήσειςyou shall set onFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival futureἐπιτίθημι (fut.): cf. v. 14; 'set on / attach'; the chains are fixed onto the edges of the breastplate.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with ἀσπιδίσκας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (modifying ἀσπιδίσκας)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the two gold rosettes.
ἀσπιδίσκαςrosettesAccusativedirect object of the second ἐπιθήσεις→ object specificationἀσπιδίσκη (acc. pl.): cf. v. 13; the two gold rosettes, here set on the shoulders of the ephod to receive the chains.
ἐπιθήσειςyou shall setFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (repeated imperatival future)→ imperatival futureἐπιτίθημι (fut.): the repeated ἐπιθήσεις directs the placement of the rosettes on the ephod's shoulders, completing the fastening of breastplate to ephod.
ἐπ᾿onpreposition + accusative (placement; elided)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'on'; the rosettes on both shoulders of the ephod.
ἀμφοτέρουςbothAccusativeadjective (modifying ὤμους: 'both shoulders')→ object specificationἀμφότεροι (acc.): 'both'; the rosettes are set on both shoulders of the ephod, balancing the fastening at the front.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with ὤμους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὤμουςshouldersAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπ᾿ (location)→ object specificationὦμος (acc. pl.): cf. v. 12; the shoulders of the ephod, where the rosettes (and shoulder-stones) are mounted.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with ἐπωμίδος)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπωμίδοςephodGenitivegenitive (defining: 'shoulders of the ephod')→ relational specificationἐπωμίς (gen.): cf. v. 4; the ephod to which the breastplate is fastened by the chains and rosettes.
κατὰin front / facingpreposition + accusative (idiom: κατὰ πρόσωπον, 'in front')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: in the idiom κατὰ πρόσωπον, 'in front / on the front side / facing forward'; the rosettes are set at the front of the ephod's shoulders.
πρόσωπονfront / faceAccusativeaccusative in the idiom κατὰ πρόσωπον→ object specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / front'; renders פָּנִים; κατὰ πρόσωπον, 'in front / on the front,' locates the rosettes at the forward-facing part of the shoulders, where the breastplate hangs visibly over the breast.
30

καὶ ἐπιθήσεις ἐπὶ τὸ λογεῖον τῆς κρίσεως τὴν δήλωσιν καὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν καὶ ἔσται ἐπὶ τοῦ στήθους Ααρων ὅταν εἰσπορεύηται εἰς τὸ ἅγιον ἐναντίον κυρίου καὶ οἴσει Ααρων τὰς κρίσεις τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ ἐπὶ τοῦ στήθους ἐναντίον κυρίου διὰ παντός

And you shall put upon the breastplate of judgment the Manifestation and the Truth, and it shall be upon Aaron's breast whenever he goes in before the LORD into the holy place; and Aaron shall bear the judgments of the sons of Israel upon his breast before the LORD continually.

Climax: the oracular media placed in the breastplate of judgment (main narrative)καὶ ἐπιθήσεις … τὴν δήλωσιν καὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν
v. 30 is the theological and interpretive climax of the breastplate section: into the λογεῖον τῆς κρίσεως Moses places ἡ δήλωσις καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια — the LXX's interpretive rendering of the Hebrew Urim and Thummim (אורים ותמים). Borne over Aaron's heart 'before the LORD continually', they make the breastplate the locus of divine judgment for Israel. The phrase διὰ παντός ('continually') marks the perpetual character of this representative mediation.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσειςyou shall putFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (imperatival future to Moses)→ imperatival futureἐπιτίθημι (fut.): cf. v. 14; 'place upon / put in'; Moses is to place the oracular media into/upon the breastplate of judgment.
ἐπὶupon / inpreposition + accusative (placement)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'upon / into'; the δήλωσις καὶ ἀλήθεια are placed in the doubled fold of the breastplate (cf. διπλοῦν, v. 16).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with λογεῖον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λογεῖονbreastplateAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationλογεῖον (acc.): cf. v. 15; the breastplate of judgment, the vessel for the oracular media.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with κρίσεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσεωςjudgmentGenitivegenitive (defining λογεῖον)→ relational specificationκρίσις (gen.): cf. v. 15; the title 'of judgment' now finds its full sense — the breastplate holds the very media of divine decision.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with δήλωσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δήλωσινthe Manifestation (Urim)Accusativedirect object of ἐπιθήσεις (first oracular medium)→ object specificationδήλωσις: 'manifestation / making-clear / revelation' (from δηλόω, 'make plain'); the LXX's interpretive rendering of Hebrew אוּרִים (Urim, 'lights'); rather than transliterate, the OG construes the first oracular medium as 'the Manifestation' — that which makes the divine will clear. CRUX: ἡ δήλωσις καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια = Urim and Thummim, the LXX's interpretive, non-transliterating rendering.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ἀλήθειαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλήθειανthe Truth (Thummim)Accusativedirect object of ἐπιθήσεις (second oracular medium)→ object specificationἀλήθεια: 'truth / reliability'; the LXX's interpretive rendering of Hebrew תֻּמִּים (Thummim, 'perfections / completeness'); the OG reads the second medium as 'the Truth' — the reliable, perfect divine verdict. Together δήλωσις καὶ ἀλήθεια interpret the oracle as the embodiment of revelatory clarity and trustworthiness; cf. the same rendering at Lev 8:8; Deut 33:8 (δήλους καὶ ἀλήθειαν); Sir 45:10.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (prescriptive)→ predictive future (prescriptive)εἰμί (fut.): 'shall be'; the oracular media (treated as a unit) are to rest upon Aaron's breast whenever he enters the sanctuary.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon'; resting on Aaron's breast.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with στήθους)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στήθουςbreastGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (location)→ relational specificationστῆθος (gen.): cf. v. 29; the breastplate with its oracular media rests over Aaron's heart/breast.
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of possession (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑαρων: cf. v. 1; 'Aaron's breast.'
ὅτανwhenevertemporal conjunction (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅταν: 'whenever / when'; takes the subjunctive (εἰσπορεύηται); the iterative force ('every time he enters') marks the oracle as borne on every approach into the sanctuary.
εἰσπορεύηταιhe goes inPres Mid Subj 3 Sg · εἰσπορεύομαιverb of temporal clause (subjunctive with ὅταν)→ iterative/durative present subjunctive (repeated entering)εἰσπορεύομαι: 'go in / enter'; renders בּוֹא; the present subjunctive with ὅταν is iterative — 'whenever he enters'; cf. the parallel εἰσιόντι of v. 29 and εἰσπορεύωνται of v. 43.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: 'into'; entry into the holy place.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἅγιον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιονholy placeAccusativesubstantival adjective (object of εἰς)→ object specificationἅγιον (τὸ ἅγιον): cf. v. 3; the sanctuary into which Aaron enters bearing the oracular media.
ἐναντίονbeforepreposition + genitive (before the LORD)→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: 'before / in the presence of'; renders לִפְנֵי; the entry is 'before the LORD' — into the divine presence; cf. ἔναντι κυρίου (v. 12).
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἐναντίον (the Tetragrammaton)→ relational specificationκύριος (gen.): the Tetragrammaton יהוה; Aaron enters into the LORD's own presence bearing the oracle of judgment.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἴσειshall bear / carryFut Act Indic 3 Sg · φέρωmain verb (Aaron as subject)→ predictive future (ongoing priestly bearing)φέρω (fut. οἴσει): 'bear / carry / bring'; renders נָשָׂא; 'Aaron shall bear the judgments of the sons of Israel upon his breast' — the high priest carries the people's cause for decision before YHWH; the suppletive future οἴσει is the regular future of φέρω.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: cf. v. 1; the high priest who bears Israel's judgments.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with κρίσεις)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσειςjudgmentsAccusativedirect object of οἴσει→ object specificationκρίσις (acc. pl.): cf. v. 15; 'the judgments of the sons of Israel' — the cases/causes of the people for which divine decision is sought; the high priest carries them over his heart, linking the breastplate's title (λογεῖον τῶν κρίσεων) to its function.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining: 'judgments of the sons')→ relational specificationυἱός (gen. pl.): the sons of Israel, whose judgments/causes Aaron bears.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: cf. v. 1.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon'; the judgments rest upon Aaron's breast.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with στήθους)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στήθουςbreastGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (location)→ relational specificationστῆθος (gen.): cf. v. 29; Aaron bears Israel's judgments over his heart.
ἐναντίονbeforepreposition + genitive (before the LORD)→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: cf. above; 'before the LORD,' the locus of the judgment-bearing.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἐναντίον (the Tetragrammaton)→ relational specificationκύριος (gen.): the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the judgments are borne in the LORD's presence.
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (in the idiom διὰ παντός, 'continually')→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: in the idiom διὰ παντός (sc. χρόνου), 'continually / perpetually'; renders תָּמִיד; marks the perpetual character of the high priest's judgment-bearing mediation.
παντόςall (time) / continuallyGenitivegenitive in the idiom διὰ παντός→ relational specificationπᾶς (gen.): in διὰ παντός, 'continually / always'; the breast-borne oracle is a perpetual feature of the high-priestly office; cf. v. 38 (διὰ παντός).
31

καὶ ποιήσεις ὑποδύτην ποδήρη ὅλον ὑακίνθινον

And you shall make a full-length under-robe, wholly of blue.

New sub-section: the robe of the ephod (main narrative)καὶ ποιήσεις ὑποδύτην ποδήρη
v. 31 opens the robe sub-section (vv. 31–35). The ὑποδύτης ποδήρης ('full-length under-robe', worn under the ephod) is made ὅλον ὑακίνθινον ('wholly of blue'), a single unbroken color that marks its distinctive dignity; cf. the ποδήρης of the garment-list at v. 4.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειςyou shall makeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival futureποιέω (fut. 2 sg.): cf. v. 2; opens the construction of the robe worn beneath the ephod.
ὑποδύτηνunder-robeAccusativedirect object of ποιήσεις→ object specificationὑποδύτης: 'that which is put on underneath, an under-robe' (from ὑποδύω, 'put on under'); renders מְעִיל; the robe worn under the ephod; combined with ποδήρης it denotes the long blue robe of the high priest; cf. vv. 32, 33, 34.
ποδήρηfull-length / ankle-lengthAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ὑποδύτην)→ object specificationποδήρης: cf. v. 4; 'reaching to the feet'; here adjectival with ὑποδύτην — the long, ankle-length under-robe.
ὅλονwholly / entireAccusativeattributive/predicate adjective (modifying ὑποδύτην)→ object specificationὅλος: 'whole / entire'; renders כָּלִיל ('wholly'); the robe is made entirely of one color (blue), without the multicolored weave of the ephod and breastplate — its uniform blue marks it as distinctive.
ὑακίνθινονof blue / violetAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ὑποδύτην: material/color)→ object specificationὑακίνθινος: 'of blue/violet (color or material)'; the adjective from ὑάκινθος (v. 5); the robe is wholly blue-violet, the most prestigious dye, fitting for the garment worn directly under the ephod and breastplate.
32

καὶ ἔσται τὸ περιστόμιον ἐξ αὐτοῦ μέσον ᾤαν ἔχον κύκλῳ τοῦ περιστομίου ἔργον ὑφάντου τὴν συμβολὴν συνυφασμένην ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἵνα μὴ ῥαγῇ

And the opening for the head shall be in the middle of it, having a woven border round about the opening, the work of a weaver, the joining woven of one piece with it, that it not be torn.

Specification: the reinforced head-opening of the robe (main narrative)καὶ ἔσται τὸ περιστόμιον
v. 32 specifies the robe's head-opening (περιστόμιον), reinforced with a woven border (ᾤα) round about and an integrally woven binding (συμβολὴ συνυφασμένη ἐξ αὐτοῦ) so that the garment will not tear (ἵνα μὴ ῥαγῇ). The purpose-clause anticipates the death-clauses attached to the high-priestly garments (vv. 35, 43).
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (prescriptive)→ predictive future (prescriptive)εἰμί (fut.): 'shall be'; prescribes the placement of the head-opening.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with περιστόμιον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περιστόμιονhead-opening / collarNominativesubject→ participant prominenceπεριστόμιον: 'opening / mouth-hole, collar' (περί + στόμα, 'around the mouth/opening'); renders פִּי־רֹאשׁ ('opening for the head'); the neck-opening of the robe through which the head passes, here reinforced to prevent tearing.
ἐξof / frompreposition + genitive (source: 'of/in it')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ + gen.: 'of / in'; ἐξ αὐτοῦ μέσον, 'in the middle of it' — the opening is set in the middle of the robe.
αὐτοῦitGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ (the robe)→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen.): refers to the robe (ὑποδύτης); the opening is in the middle of the garment.
μέσονin the middleAccusativeadverbial accusative (location: 'in the midst')→ object specificationμέσος (acc. neut. as adv.): 'in the middle'; the head-opening is centered in the robe.
ᾤανborder / hem-bindingAccusativedirect object of ἔχον→ object specificationᾤα: 'border / edge / selvage'; renders שָׂפָה ('lip/edge'); the woven binding around the head-opening that strengthens it; the robe has a reinforcing border 'round about' the collar.
ἔχονhavingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Neut · ἔχωcircumstantial participle (modifying περιστόμιον)→ durative present participle (attendant feature)ἔχω (pres. ptcp.): 'have / hold'; the participle describes the opening as 'having a border round about' — an attendant feature of its construction.
κύκλῳround aboutDativeadverbial dative (encircling)→ sphere or referenceκύκλος (dat. κύκλῳ as adv.): 'in a circle / round about'; renders סָבִיב; the border encircles the head-opening; κύκλῳ recurs in the robe's description (v. 33).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with περιστομίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περιστομίουopeningGenitivegenitive (defining κύκλῳ: 'round about the opening')→ relational specificationπεριστόμιον (gen.): cf. above; the border runs around the head-opening.
ἔργονworkAccusativeaccusative in apposition (manner)→ object specificationἔργον: cf. v. 6; ἔργον ὑφάντου, 'the work of a weaver,' characterizes the border's manufacture.
ὑφάντουof a weaverGenitivegenitive of the artisan (defining ἔργον)→ relational specificationὑφάντης: 'weaver'; renders אֹרֵג; the border is woven work (as opposed to the embroiderer's, ποικιλτής, work of the ephod); cf. ὑφαντόν (v. 6).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with συμβολὴν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συμβολὴνjoining / seamAccusativeaccusative (the joining, in apposition/object)→ object specificationσυμβολή: 'joining / juncture / seam' (from συμβάλλω, 'bring together'); the join where the border meets the robe; here woven integrally (συνυφασμένην ἐξ αὐτοῦ) so as not to tear.
συνυφασμένηνwoven togetherPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Sg Fem · συνυφαίνωattributive participle (modifying συμβολὴν)→ resultative perfect participle (state of being woven together)συνυφαίνω (perf. pass. ptcp.): 'weave together / interweave'; the perfect passive participle describes the seam as woven of one piece with the robe (συν-, 'together'; ἐξ αὐτοῦ, 'out of it'), giving the strength that prevents tearing.
ἐξof / frompreposition + genitive (source: 'of one piece with')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ + gen.: 'of one piece with'; ἐξ αὐτοῦ, the seam is integral to the robe, not separately attached; cf. v. 8.
αὐτοῦitGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ (the robe)→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen.): refers to the robe; the seam is woven 'out of it' — of one piece.
ἵναthat / so thatconjunction (negative purpose, with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: 'so that'; with μή and the subjunctive expresses negative purpose — 'that it not be torn'; the reinforced opening is engineered for durability.
μὴnotnegative particle (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: the negative of purpose/will with the subjunctive.
ῥαγῇit be tornAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · ῥήγνυμιverb of negative purpose clause→ ingressive aorist passive subjunctive (lest it tear)ῥήγνυμι (aor. pass. subj.): 'tear / rend / break'; renders יִקָּרֵעַ ('be torn'); the reinforced collar is woven so 'that it not be torn' — the robe must remain intact; the tearing of priestly garments is elsewhere forbidden to the high priest (Lev 21:10).
33

καὶ ποιήσεις ἐπὶ τὸ λῶμα τοῦ ὑποδύτου κάτωθεν ὡσεὶ ἐξανθούσης ῥόας ῥοίσκους ἐξ ὑακίνθου καὶ πορφύρας καὶ κοκκίνου διανενησμένου καὶ βύσσου κεκλωσμένης ἐπὶ τοῦ λώματος τοῦ ὑποδύτου κύκλῳ τὸ αὐτὸ δὲ εἶδος ῥοίσκους χρυσοῦς καὶ κώδωνας ἀνὰ μέσον τούτων περικύκλῳ

And on the hem of the robe below you shall make, as it were of a blossoming pomegranate, pomegranate-tassels of blue and purple and spun scarlet and twined fine linen, on the hem of the robe round about; and of the same kind, golden pomegranate-tassels, and bells between them all around.

Specification: pomegranates and bells on the hem of the robe (main narrative)καὶ ποιήσεις ἐπὶ τὸ λῶμα
v. 33 prescribes the ornamentation of the robe's hem (λῶμα): pomegranate-shaped tassels (ῥοίσκοι) of the three dyed yarns and fine linen, alternating with golden bells (κώδωνες) all around. The simile ὡσεὶ ἐξανθούσης ῥόας ('like a blossoming pomegranate') captures the floral imagery; the bells' purpose is given in v. 35.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειςyou shall makeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival futureποιέω (fut. 2 sg.): cf. v. 2; prescribes the hem-ornamentation of the robe.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (placement)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'on'; the ornaments are placed on the hem.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with λῶμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λῶμαhem / fringeAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationλῶμα: 'hem / border / fringe (of a garment)'; renders שׁוּל ('skirt/hem'); the lower edge of the robe, on which the pomegranates and bells are set; repeated below.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ὑποδύτου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑποδύτουrobeGenitivegenitive (defining: 'hem of the robe')→ relational specificationὑποδύτης (gen.): cf. v. 31; the under-robe whose hem is ornamented.
κάτωθενbelow / from beneathadverb of place (the lower edge)→ clausal contributionκάτωθεν: 'from below / beneath'; renders מִתַּחַת; locates the ornaments at the bottom edge of the robe.
ὡσεὶas it were / likecomparative particle (simile)→ discourse linkage or contrastὡσεί: 'as if / like'; introduces the simile 'as of a blossoming pomegranate' — the tassels resemble pomegranate blossoms/fruit.
ἐξανθούσηςblossomingPres Act Ptcp Gen Sg Fem · ἐξανθέωattributive participle (modifying ῥόας)→ durative present participle (in bloom)ἐξανθέω (pres. ptcp.): 'put forth blossoms / bloom out'; the participle describes the pomegranate as 'blossoming / in flower'; the tassels imitate the form of a flowering pomegranate (ἐξ- intensifies the budding-forth).
ῥόαςof a pomegranateGenitivegenitive (object of comparison with ὡσεὶ)→ relational specificationῥόα (gen. ῥόας): 'pomegranate'; renders רִמּוֹן; the fruit whose shape the hem-tassels imitate; the diminutive ῥοίσκος ('little pomegranate') names the tassels themselves.
ῥοίσκουςpomegranate-tasselsAccusativedirect object of ποιήσεις→ object specificationῥοίσκος: 'little pomegranate' (diminutive of ῥόα); the pomegranate-shaped tassels of colored yarn on the robe's hem; renders רִמֹּנִים; repeated below for the golden ones.
ἐξofpreposition + genitive (material)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: genitive of material for the pomegranate-tassels.
ὑακίνθουblueGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationὑάκινθος (gen.): cf. v. 5; blue yarn, first material of the tassels.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορφύραςpurpleGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationπορφύρα (gen.): cf. v. 5; purple yarn.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοκκίνουscarletGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationκόκκινος (gen.): cf. v. 5; scarlet yarn, qualified διανενησμένου.
διανενησμένουspunPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Gen Sg Neut · διανήθωattributive participle (modifying κοκκίνου)→ resultative perfect participle (state of being spun)διανήθω (perf. pass. ptcp.): cf. v. 8; the scarlet is carefully spun/twined.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βύσσουfine linenGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationβύσσος (gen.): cf. v. 5; fine linen, qualified κεκλωσμένης.
κεκλωσμένηςtwinedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Gen Sg Fem · κλώθωattributive participle (modifying βύσσου)→ resultative perfect participle (state of being twined)κλώθω (perf. pass. ptcp.): cf. v. 6; βύσσος κεκλωσμένη, twined fine linen.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'on'; the tassels are set on the hem.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with λώματος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λώματοςhemGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationλῶμα (gen.): cf. above; the robe's hem, repeated for emphasis.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ὑποδύτου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑποδύτουrobeGenitivegenitive (defining: 'hem of the robe')→ relational specificationὑποδύτης (gen.): cf. v. 31.
κύκλῳround aboutDativeadverbial dative (encircling)→ sphere or referenceκύκλος (dat. κύκλῳ): cf. v. 32; the tassels run all around the hem.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with εἶδος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτὸsameAccusativeintensive adjective (modifying εἶδος: 'the same kind')→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. neut.): 'same'; τὸ αὐτὸ εἶδος, 'the same kind/form' — the golden pomegranate-tassels match the colored ones in form.
δὲand / moreovermild connective (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: post-positive connective introducing the additional golden tassels and the bells.
εἶδοςkind / formAccusativeadverbial/appositional accusative ('of the same form')→ object specificationεἶδος: 'form / appearance / kind'; the golden tassels are of the same shape as the colored ones, alternating with them.
ῥοίσκουςpomegranate-tasselsAccusativeaccusative (the golden tassels)→ object specificationῥοίσκος (acc. pl.): cf. above; here the golden pomegranate-tassels (ῥοίσκους χρυσοῦς).
χρυσοῦςgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ῥοίσκους)→ object specificationχρυσοῦς: 'golden / of gold'; the golden tassels, distinguished from the colored-yarn ones; cf. v. 34 (ῥοίσκον χρυσοῦν).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κώδωναςbellsAccusativeaccusative (the bells, coordinate object)→ object specificationκώδων: 'bell'; renders פַּעֲמֹן; golden bells set between the pomegranate-tassels around the hem; their sound (v. 35) signals the high priest's movements in the sanctuary.
ἀνὰbetween (each)preposition (in the idiom ἀνὰ μέσον, 'between')→ spatial or relational framingἀνά: in the idiom ἀνὰ μέσον, 'between / in the midst of'; the bells alternate between the pomegranate-tassels.
μέσονthe midstAccusativeaccusative in the idiom ἀνὰ μέσον→ object specificationμέσος (acc.): in ἀνὰ μέσον τούτων, 'between these' — the bells are placed between the tassels.
τούτωνtheseGenitivegenitive object of ἀνὰ μέσον (the tassels)→ relational specificationοὗτος (gen. pl.): refers to the pomegranate-tassels; the bells alternate between them.
περικύκλῳall aroundadverb (encircling: 'all the way around')→ clausal contributionπερικύκλῳ: 'round about / all around' (περί + κύκλῳ); intensive of κύκλῳ; the alternating tassels and bells encircle the entire hem; renders סָבִיב.
34

παρὰ ῥοίσκον χρυσοῦν κώδωνα καὶ ἄνθινον ἐπὶ τοῦ λώματος τοῦ ὑποδύτου κύκλῳ

Beside a golden pomegranate-tassel a bell and a blossom, on the hem of the robe round about.

Specification: the alternating pattern of tassel, bell, and blossom (main narrative)παρὰ ῥοίσκον χρυσοῦν
v. 34 specifies the repeating sequence on the hem: beside each golden pomegranate-tassel, a bell and a flower (ἄνθινον), all around. The distributive παρά ('beside / for each') marks the alternating rhythm of the ornaments completing the robe's lower border (cf. v. 33).
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
παρὰbeside / for eachpreposition + accusative (distributive: 'beside each')→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + acc.: 'beside / alongside'; here distributive — 'beside (each) golden tassel' there is a bell and a blossom, specifying the alternating sequence around the hem.
ῥοίσκονpomegranate-tasselAccusativeaccusative object of παρά→ object specificationῥοίσκος (acc. sg.): cf. v. 33; here the single golden pomegranate-tassel beside which a bell is set.
χρυσοῦνgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ῥοίσκον)→ object specificationχρυσοῦς: cf. v. 33; the golden tassel.
κώδωναbellAccusativeaccusative (the bell set beside the tassel)→ object specificationκώδων (acc.): cf. v. 33; a golden bell set beside each tassel; its sound serves the function of v. 35.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνθινονblossom / flower-pieceAccusativeaccusative (the flower-ornament, coordinate with κώδωνα)→ object specificationἄνθινος (τὸ ἄνθινον): 'flowery / flower-work, a blossom-ornament' (from ἄνθος, 'flower'); a floral ornament alternating with the bells and tassels; the LXX adds the flower-piece to the bell-and-pomegranate pattern.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'on'; the pattern runs on the hem.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with λώματος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λώματοςhemGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationλῶμα (gen.): cf. v. 33; the robe's hem.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ὑποδύτου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑποδύτουrobeGenitivegenitive (defining: 'hem of the robe')→ relational specificationὑποδύτης (gen.): cf. v. 31.
κύκλῳround aboutDativeadverbial dative (encircling)→ sphere or referenceκύκλος (dat. κύκλῳ): cf. v. 32; the alternating ornaments encircle the whole hem.
35

καὶ ἔσται Ααρων ἐν τῷ λειτουργεῖν ἀκουστὴ ἡ φωνὴ αὐτοῦ εἰσιόντι εἰς τὸ ἅγιον ἐναντίον κυρίου καὶ ἐξιόντι ἵνα μὴ ἀποθάνῃ

And it shall be on Aaron, while he ministers, that his sound is heard as he enters into the holy place before the LORD and as he goes out, that he may not die.

Function: the audible sound of the bells safeguards the priest's life (main narrative)καὶ ἔσται Ααρων ἐν τῷ λειτουργεῖν
v. 35 gives the purpose of the bells: their sound (ἡ φωνὴ αὐτοῦ) must be audible (ἀκουστή) whenever Aaron ministers, entering and leaving the sanctuary before the LORD, 'that he may not die' (ἵνα μὴ ἀποθάνῃ). The death-clause marks the awesome danger of the divine presence and recurs at v. 43.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (prescriptive; impersonal/anticipatory)→ predictive future (prescriptive)εἰμί (fut.): 'it shall be'; here anticipatory, governing the following clause: 'it shall be (the case) … that his sound is heard'; the robe shall be 'upon Aaron' as he ministers.
ΑαρωνAaron / on Aaronsubject/locative (indeclinable: '[upon] Aaron')→ participant identificationΑαρων: cf. v. 1; the robe (with its bells) is on Aaron as he serves; the indeclinable name here functions loosely with ἔσται ('it shall be on Aaron').
ἐνin / whilepreposition + articular infinitive (temporal: 'while ministering')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + articular infinitive: 'in / while / when'; ἐν τῷ λειτουργεῖν, 'while he ministers' — a temporal construction common in the LXX (rendering Hebrew בְּ + infinitive).
τῷtheDativearticle (with the infinitive λειτουργεῖν)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λειτουργεῖνto minister / servePres Act Inf · λειτουργέωarticular infinitive (temporal, object of ἐν)→ durative present infinitive (ongoing cultic service)λειτουργέω: 'minister / perform public/cultic service'; renders שָׁרַת; the technical verb for priestly/liturgical service; ἐν τῷ λειτουργεῖν, 'while he ministers'; cf. λειτουργεῖν at v. 43.
ἀκουστὴaudible / heardNominativepredicate adjective (with ἡ φωνὴ)→ participant prominenceἀκουστός: 'audible / able to be heard' (verbal adjective from ἀκούω); the sound of the bells 'is heard' / is to be audible; renders נִשְׁמַע ('be heard'); the audibility is the very point of the bells.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with φωνὴ)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνὴsound / voiceNominativesubject (the sound of the bells)→ participant prominenceφωνή: 'sound / voice / noise'; renders קוֹל; here the ringing of the golden bells as Aaron moves; the audible sound attends his entering and leaving the holy place.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession ('his sound')→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen.): refers to Aaron; 'his sound' = the sound of the bells on his robe as he moves.
εἰσιόντιas he entersPres Act Ptcp Dat Sg Masc · εἴσειμιcircumstantial participle (dative, temporal)→ durative present participle (while entering)εἴσειμι (pres. ptcp.): cf. v. 29; the dative participle (agreeing with αὐτῷ, Aaron) is temporal — 'as he enters' the holy place; paired with ἐξιόντι ('as he goes out').
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: 'into'; entry into the holy place.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἅγιον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιονholy placeAccusativesubstantival adjective (object of εἰς)→ object specificationἅγιον (τὸ ἅγιον): cf. v. 3; the sanctuary that Aaron enters.
ἐναντίονbeforepreposition + genitive (before the LORD)→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: cf. v. 30; 'before the LORD,' into the divine presence.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἐναντίον (the Tetragrammaton)→ relational specificationκύριος (gen.): the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the ministering is in the LORD's presence, where the bells' sound safeguards the priest.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξιόντιas he goes outPres Act Ptcp Dat Sg Masc · ἔξειμιcircumstantial participle (dative, temporal)→ durative present participle (while going out)ἔξειμι (pres. ptcp.): 'go out / depart'; the dative participle paired with εἰσιόντι — 'as he enters … and as he goes out'; the merism (entering/leaving) covers the whole act of ministry.
ἵναso thatconjunction (negative purpose, with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: 'so that'; with μή and the subjunctive, negative purpose — 'that he may not die'; the bells' sound is a safeguard in the lethal proximity of the divine presence.
μὴnotnegative particle (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: the negative of purpose/will with the subjunctive.
ἀποθάνῃhe may dieAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωverb of negative purpose clause→ ingressive aorist subjunctive (lest he die)ἀποθνῄσκω (aor. subj.): 'die'; renders יָמוּת; the death-clause ἵνα μὴ ἀποθάνῃ marks the mortal danger of approaching YHWH unfit or unannounced; the bells' sound attends the priest's entrance and exit so that he lives; the same clause closes the chapter (v. 43, ἀποθάνωσιν).
36

καὶ ποιήσεις πέταλον χρυσοῦν καθαρὸν καὶ ἐκτυπώσεις ἐν αὐτῷ ἐκτύπωμα σφραγῖδος ἁγίασμα κυρίου

And you shall make a plate of pure gold, and you shall emboss on it, as the engraving of a seal, 'a holy thing of the LORD.'

New sub-section: the golden plate of the turban (main narrative)καὶ ποιήσεις πέταλον χρυσοῦν
v. 36 opens the golden-plate sub-section (vv. 36–38). The πέταλον χρυσοῦν καθαρόν ('pure gold plate') is engraved seal-fashion (ἐκτύπωμα σφραγῖδος) with ἁγίασμα κυρίου — 'a holy thing of the LORD' (Hebrew קֹדֶשׁ לַיהוה, 'Holiness to the LORD'). The inscription declares the high priest's consecrated status before YHWH.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειςyou shall makeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival futureποιέω (fut. 2 sg.): cf. v. 2; opens the construction of the golden plate.
πέταλονplate / leafAccusativedirect object of ποιήσεις→ object specificationπέταλον: 'thin plate / leaf (of metal)'; renders צִיץ ('plate / blossom'); the gold plate/diadem worn on the front of the turban, engraved with the divine inscription; the high priest's crowning emblem (cf. 'the holy crown', 29:6).
χρυσοῦνgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying πέταλον)→ object specificationχρυσοῦς: cf. v. 33; the plate is of gold.
καθαρὸνpureAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying πέταλον)→ object specificationκαθαρός: cf. v. 13; the plate is of pure/refined gold, fitting for the holiest emblem.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκτυπώσειςyou shall emboss / engrave in reliefFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐκτυπόωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival futureἐκτυπόω: 'mould / emboss / engrave in relief' (from τύπος, 'impression'); renders פִּתַּח ('engrave'); the inscription is stamped/embossed on the plate as on a seal; cognate with the noun ἐκτύπωμα below.
ἐνonpreposition + dative (location of engraving)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: 'on / in'; the inscription is embossed on the plate.
αὐτῷitDativedative object of ἐν (the plate)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat.): refers to the plate; the surface of the engraving.
ἐκτύπωμαan engraving / reliefAccusativecognate accusative (with ἐκτυπώσεις)→ object specificationἐκτύπωμα: 'an embossed figure / engraving in relief'; cognate accusative with ἐκτυπώσεις; ἐκτύπωμα σφραγῖδος ('the engraving of a seal') matches the seal-engraving idiom of vv. 11, 21 — the inscription is cut as on a signet.
σφραγῖδοςof a sealGenitivegenitive (defining ἐκτύπωμα)→ relational specificationσφραγίς (gen.): cf. v. 11; the inscription is engraved seal-fashion, finely and permanently incised.
ἁγίασμαa holy thing / sanctityAccusativeaccusative in apposition (the content of the inscription)→ object specificationἁγίασμα: 'a holy thing / sanctuary / consecrated object'; renders קֹדֶשׁ ('holiness'); the inscription ἁγίασμα κυρίου renders Hebrew קֹדֶשׁ לַיהוה ('Holiness to the LORD' / 'Holy to the LORD'); it declares the high priest (and the offerings he bears, v. 38) as set apart and belonging to YHWH. CRUX: ἁγίασμα κυρίου, the engraved declaration of consecration on the plate.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive (defining ἁγίασμα: 'holy thing of the LORD')→ relational specificationκύριος (gen.): the Tetragrammaton יהוה; ἁγίασμα κυρίου, 'a holy thing of/belonging to the LORD' — the inscription consecrates the priest to YHWH.
37

καὶ ἐπιθήσεις αὐτὸ ἐπὶ ὑακίνθου κεκλωσμένης καὶ ἔσται ἐπὶ τῆς μίτρας κατὰ πρόσωπον τῆς μίτρας ἔσται

And you shall set it on twined blue, and it shall be upon the turban; at the front of the turban it shall be.

Specification: the fastening of the plate to the turban (main narrative)καὶ ἐπιθήσεις αὐτὸ ἐπὶ ὑακίνθου
v. 37 specifies how the golden plate is attached: bound with a cord of twined blue (ὑάκινθος κεκλωσμένη) and set at the front of the turban (μίτρα). The repeated ἔσται and the emphatic κατὰ πρόσωπον ('at the front') fix the plate's prominent, forward-facing position on the high priest's head.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσειςyou shall setFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival futureἐπιτίθημι (fut.): cf. v. 14; the plate is set/fastened on a blue cord and mounted on the turban.
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object (the plate)→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. neut.): refers to the πέταλον (v. 36), the golden plate.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (means/attachment)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'on / upon'; the plate is attached on/by a cord of twined blue.
ὑακίνθουblue (cord)Genitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the blue cord)→ relational specificationὑάκινθος (gen.): cf. v. 5; here a cord/lace of blue (ὑάκινθος κεκλωσμένη) by which the plate is bound to the turban; renders פְּתִיל תְּכֵלֶת ('a cord of blue').
κεκλωσμένηςtwinedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Gen Sg Fem · κλώθωattributive participle (modifying ὑακίνθου)→ resultative perfect participle (state of being twined)κλώθω (perf. pass. ptcp.): cf. v. 6; the blue is twined/plied into a cord for binding the plate.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (prescriptive)→ predictive future (prescriptive)εἰμί (fut.): 'shall be'; the plate is to rest upon the turban.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon'; the plate rests on the turban.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with μίτρας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μίτραςturban / headbandGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (location)→ relational specificationμίτρα: 'turban / headband / mitre'; renders מִצְנֶפֶת; the high priest's headdress (called κίδαρις in the garment-list, v. 4); the gold plate is mounted on its front; recurs below and at v. 38 (μέτωπον).
κατὰat / facingpreposition + accusative (in the idiom κατὰ πρόσωπον, 'in front')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: in κατὰ πρόσωπον, 'at the front / facing forward'; cf. v. 29; the plate is set at the forward-facing part of the turban.
πρόσωπονfront / faceAccusativeaccusative in the idiom κατὰ πρόσωπον→ object specificationπρόσωπον: cf. v. 29; 'at the front of the turban' — the plate faces forward, visible on Aaron's forehead (v. 38).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with μίτρας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μίτραςturbanGenitivegenitive (defining: 'front of the turban')→ relational specificationμίτρα (gen.): cf. above; the front of the turban where the plate sits.
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (resumptive, emphatic)→ predictive future (prescriptive)εἰμί (fut.): the repeated ἔσται emphatically fixes the plate's position — 'at the front of the turban it shall be'; the Hebraizing repetition underscores its prominent placement.
38

καὶ ἔσται ἐπὶ τοῦ μετώπου Ααρων καὶ ἐξαρεῖ Ααρων τὰ ἁμαρτήματα τῶν ἁγίων ὅσα ἂν ἁγιάσωσιν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ παντὸς δόματος τῶν ἁγίων αὐτῶν καὶ ἔσται ἐπὶ τοῦ μετώπου Ααρων διὰ παντός δεκτὸν αὐτοῖς ἔναντι κυρίου

And it shall be upon Aaron's forehead, and Aaron shall take away the sins of the holy things which the sons of Israel consecrate, of every gift of their holy things; and it shall be upon Aaron's forehead continually, acceptable for them before the LORD.

Function: the plate bears away the guilt of the holy offerings (main narrative)καὶ ἔσται ἐπὶ τοῦ μετώπου Ααρων
v. 38 gives the atoning function of the golden plate: resting on Aaron's forehead, it enables him to 'take away' (ἐξαρεῖ) the sins/defects attaching to the holy offerings of Israel, so that their gifts are δεκτόν ('acceptable') before YHWH continually (διὰ παντός). The plate inscribed ἁγίασμα κυρίου thus mediates the people's acceptance.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (prescriptive)→ predictive future (prescriptive)εἰμί (fut.): 'shall be'; the plate rests on Aaron's forehead, the visible emblem of his consecrated mediation.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon'; on Aaron's forehead.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with μετώπου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μετώπουforeheadGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (location)→ relational specificationμέτωπον: 'forehead' (μετά + ὤψ, 'between the eyes'); renders מֵצַח; the plate sits on Aaron's forehead, prominently visible, declaring his consecration and bearing the people's holy gifts before YHWH.
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of possession (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑαρων: cf. v. 1; 'Aaron's forehead.'
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαρεῖshall take away / removeFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξαίρωmain verb (Aaron as subject)→ predictive future (ongoing atoning function)ἐξαίρω (fut. ἐξαρεῖ): 'take away / lift off / remove'; renders נָשָׂא ('bear / take away'); Aaron 'takes away' the guilt/defect adhering to the holy offerings, bearing it on the consecrated plate so that the gifts are accepted; an atoning/expiatory function.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: cf. v. 1; the high priest who bears away the sins of the holy things.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἁμαρτήματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτήματαsins / faultsAccusativedirect object of ἐξαρεῖ→ object specificationἁμάρτημα: 'sin / fault / error'; renders עָוֹן ('guilt / iniquity'); 'the sins of the holy things' — the guilt or defect attaching to Israel's consecrated offerings, which the high priest's plate removes so that the gifts are acceptable.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with ἁγίων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίωνholy thingsGenitivegenitive (defining ἁμαρτήματα: 'sins of the holy things')→ relational specificationἅγιος (τὰ ἅγια, gen. pl.): 'holy things / consecrated offerings'; renders הַקֳּדָשִׁים; the sacred gifts dedicated by Israel, which may carry inadvertent defect/guilt that the plate's mediation removes.
ὅσαwhatever / as many asAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἁγιάσωσιν)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as many as / whatever'; the relative ὅσα ἂν (with subjunctive) generalizes — 'whatever holy things they consecrate'; covers all the offerings of Israel without exception.
ἂνevermodal particle (with subjunctive in indefinite relative clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: modal particle marking the indefinite/generalizing relative clause (ὅσα ἄν + subjunctive), 'whatever they may consecrate.'
ἁγιάσωσινthey consecrateAor Act Subj 3 Pl · ἁγιάζωverb of indefinite relative clause→ aorist subjunctive (generalizing: whatever they consecrate)ἁγιάζω (aor. subj.): 'make holy / consecrate / dedicate'; renders קִדֵּשׁ (Piel); the sons of Israel 'consecrate' their gifts to YHWH; the aorist subjunctive with ὅσα ἄν generalizes over all such acts of dedication.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοὶ)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of ἁγιάσωσιν→ participant prominenceυἱός (nom. pl.): the sons of Israel, who bring and consecrate the holy offerings.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: cf. v. 1; the covenant people whose offerings the plate renders acceptable.
παντὸςof everyGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying δόματος)→ relational specificationπᾶς (gen.): 'every / all'; παντὸς δόματος, 'of every gift' — the plate's mediation extends to all the consecrated offerings of Israel.
δόματοςgiftGenitivegenitive (epexegetic: 'of every gift of their holy things')→ relational specificationδόμα: 'gift / offering' (from δίδωμι); renders מַתָּנָה / מַתָּת; the dedicated gifts of Israel; epexegetic genitive specifying the holy things consecrated.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with ἁγίων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίωνholy thingsGenitivegenitive (defining δόματος: 'gift of their holy things')→ relational specificationἅγιος (τὰ ἅγια, gen. pl.): cf. above; the consecrated offerings of Israel.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (Israel's)→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. pl.): refers to the sons of Israel; 'their holy things.'
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (resumptive)→ predictive future (prescriptive)εἰμί (fut.): the repeated ἔσται resumes — the plate is to be on Aaron's forehead 'continually' (διὰ παντός), a permanent feature of his mediating office.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon'; on Aaron's forehead.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with μετώπου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μετώπουforeheadGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (location)→ relational specificationμέτωπον (gen.): cf. above; Aaron's forehead, where the plate rests continually.
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of possession (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑαρων: cf. v. 1.
διὰthrough / continuallypreposition + genitive (idiom διὰ παντός, 'continually')→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: in διὰ παντός, 'continually / perpetually'; cf. v. 30; the plate's mediation is a perpetual feature of the high-priestly office.
παντόςall (time)Genitivegenitive in the idiom διὰ παντός→ relational specificationπᾶς (gen.): in διὰ παντός, 'continually'; cf. v. 30.
δεκτὸνacceptableAccusativepredicate accusative (result: 'so as to be acceptable')→ object specificationδεκτός: 'acceptable / welcome / pleasing' (verbal adjective from δέχομαι); renders רָצוֹן ('favor / acceptance'); the plate makes the offerings δεκτόν ('acceptable') for the people before YHWH — the goal of the high priest's mediation; cf. δεκτὸν ἐναντίον κυρίου in the sacrificial laws (Lev 1:3 etc.).
αὐτοῖςfor themDativedative of advantage ('acceptable for them')→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. pl.): refers to the sons of Israel; the offerings are made acceptable 'for them' — the plate secures the people's acceptance before God.
ἔναντιbeforepreposition + genitive (before the LORD)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: cf. v. 12; 'before the LORD,' the locus of acceptance.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι (the Tetragrammaton)→ relational specificationκύριος (gen.): the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the offerings are acceptable in the LORD's presence.
39

καὶ οἱ κόσυμβοι τῶν χιτώνων ἐκ βύσσου καὶ ποιήσεις κίδαριν βυσσίνην καὶ ζώνην ποιήσεις ἔργον ποικιλτοῦ

And the fringes of the tunics shall be of fine linen; and you shall make a turban of fine linen, and you shall make a sash, the work of an embroiderer.

New sub-section: the tunic, turban, and sash (main narrative)καὶ οἱ κόσυμβοι τῶν χιτώνων
v. 39 opens the final garment-cluster (vv. 39–43): the fringed tunics (cf. χιτὼν κοσυμβωτός, v. 4) of fine linen, the linen turban (κίδαρις βυσσίνη), and the embroidered sash (ζώνη … ἔργον ποικιλτοῦ). These complete the high priest's attire and introduce the garments for the sons (v. 40).
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with κόσυμβοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κόσυμβοιfringes / tasselsNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκόσυμβος: 'fringe / tuft / tassel (in checker-work)'; the decorative fringework of the tunics; cognate with the adjective κοσυμβωτός (v. 4); the tunics' fringes are of fine linen.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with χιτώνων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χιτώνωνtunicsGenitivegenitive (defining: 'fringes of the tunics')→ relational specificationχιτών (gen. pl.): cf. v. 4; the priestly tunics, whose fringes are of fine linen.
ἐκofpreposition + genitive (material; copula gapped)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: genitive of material, 'of fine linen' (the copula 'shall be' is gapped).
βύσσουfine linenGenitivegenitive of material→ relational specificationβύσσος (gen.): cf. v. 5; the tunics and their fringes are of fine linen.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειςyou shall makeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival futureποιέω (fut. 2 sg.): cf. v. 2; the making of the turban.
κίδαρινturbanAccusativedirect object of ποιήσεις→ object specificationκίδαρις (acc.): cf. v. 4; the high priest's turban, here specified as of fine linen (βυσσίνη).
βυσσίνηνof fine linenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying κίδαριν)→ object specificationβύσσινος: 'made of fine linen' (adjective from βύσσος); the turban is of fine linen, matching the tunics.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζώνηνsashAccusativedirect object of the following ποιήσεις→ object specificationζώνη (acc.): cf. v. 4; the priestly sash/girdle, here made as embroiderer's work (ἔργον ποικιλτοῦ).
ποιήσειςyou shall makeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival futureποιέω (fut. 2 sg.): the repeated verb governs the sash; the LXX's word-order fronts the object ζώνην before the verb for emphasis.
ἔργονworkAccusativeaccusative in apposition (manner)→ object specificationἔργον: cf. v. 6; ἔργον ποικιλτοῦ, 'embroiderer's work,' for the sash.
ποικιλτοῦof an embroidererGenitivegenitive of the artisan (defining ἔργον)→ relational specificationποικιλτής (gen.): cf. v. 6; the sash is the variegated, multicolored work of the embroiderer.
40

καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Ααρων ποιήσεις χιτῶνας καὶ ζώνας καὶ κιδάρεις ποιήσεις αὐτοῖς εἰς τιμὴν καὶ δόξαν

And for the sons of Aaron you shall make tunics and sashes, and you shall make turbans for them, for honor and glory.

Extension: the garments for Aaron's sons (main narrative)καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Ααρων ποιήσεις
v. 40 extends the vesture to Aaron's sons: tunics, sashes, and turbans, made εἰς τιμὴν καὶ δόξαν ('for honor and glory') — the very phrase that opened the section for Aaron (v. 2), now framing the whole priestly house and forming an inclusio.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of advantage ('for the sons')→ sphere or referenceυἱός (dat. pl.): cf. v. 1; the sons of Aaron, the junior priests, now provided with their own garments.
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑαρων: cf. v. 1; 'the sons of Aaron.'
ποιήσειςyou shall makeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival futureποιέω (fut. 2 sg.): cf. v. 2; the making of the sons' garments.
χιτῶναςtunicsAccusativedirect object of ποιήσεις→ object specificationχιτών (acc. pl.): cf. v. 4; tunics for the sons, matching their father's.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζώναςsashesAccusativedirect object of ποιήσεις→ object specificationζώνη (acc. pl.): cf. v. 4; sashes for the sons.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κιδάρειςturbansAccusativedirect object of the following ποιήσεις→ object specificationκίδαρις (acc. pl. κιδάρεις): cf. v. 4; turbans/headdresses for the sons.
ποιήσειςyou shall makeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (resumptive repetition)→ imperatival futureποιέω (fut. 2 sg.): the repeated verb resumes — 'you shall make for them' — closing the list of the sons' garments.
αὐτοῖςfor themDativedative of advantage ('for them')→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. pl.): refers to the sons of Aaron; the garments are made for them.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: cf. v. 2; the telic εἰς τιμὴν καὶ δόξαν, 'for honor and glory,' echoes v. 2, forming an inclusio around the whole vestment-section.
τιμὴνhonorAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose)→ object specificationτιμή: cf. v. 2; the sons' garments, like Aaron's, confer the dignity proper to priestly office.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δόξανgloryAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (coordinate with τιμήν)→ object specificationδόξα: cf. v. 2; the repeated τιμὴ καὶ δόξα frames the priestly vestments as instruments of glory; the inclusio with v. 2 binds the section together.
41

καὶ ἐνδύσεις αὐτὰ Ααρων τὸν ἀδελφόν σου καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ καὶ χρίσεις αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐμπλήσεις αὐτῶν τὰς χεῖρας καὶ ἁγιάσεις αὐτούς ἵνα ἱερατεύωσίν μοι

And you shall clothe Aaron your brother with them, and his sons with him, and you shall anoint them and fill their hands and sanctify them, that they may serve me as priests.

Consecration: clothing, anointing, ordaining, sanctifying the priests (main narrative)καὶ ἐνδύσεις αὐτὰ Ααρων
v. 41 turns from making the garments to investing the priests: Moses is to clothe (ἐνδύσεις), anoint (χρίσεις), ordain (ἐμπλήσεις … τὰς χεῖρας, lit. 'fill their hands' = install in office), and sanctify (ἁγιάσεις) Aaron and his sons. The closing purpose-clause ἵνα ἱερατεύωσίν μοι echoes the chapter's opening refrain (vv. 1, 3, 4), framing the whole; the consecration is enacted in ch. 29.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνδύσειςyou shall clotheFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐνδύωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival futureἐνδύω (fut.): 'clothe / put on'; renders הִלְבִּישׁ (Hiphil of לבשׁ); Moses is to invest Aaron and his sons with the garments just described — the first act of priestly consecration.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object (the garments)→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. neut. pl.): refers to the garments (στολαί); 'with them' Moses clothes the priests.
ΑαρωνAaronaccusative (the one clothed; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑαρων: cf. v. 1; the high priest invested with the garments.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with ἀδελφόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφόνbrotherAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Ααρων→ object specificationἀδελφός (acc.): cf. vv. 1–2; 'Aaron your brother' — the fraternal refrain returns at the consecration.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with υἱοὺς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativeaccusative (coordinate object: 'his sons')→ object specificationυἱός (acc. pl.): cf. v. 1; the sons of Aaron, clothed with their father.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
μετ᾿withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment; elided)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: 'with'; the sons are clothed/consecrated 'with him' (Aaron), as a single priestly act.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of μετ᾿ (Aaron)→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen.): refers to Aaron; the sons are consecrated together with him.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρίσειςyou shall anointFut Act Indic 2 Sg · χρίωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival futureχρίω: 'anoint'; renders מָשַׁח; the anointing with oil consecrates the priests to their office; the cognate noun (χριστός, 'anointed one') underlies the title 'messiah'; the priestly anointing is detailed in ch. 29 and Lev 8.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of χρίσεις→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. pl.): refers to Aaron and his sons; the ones anointed.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμπλήσειςyou shall fillFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐμπίμπλημιmain verb (imperatival future; idiomatic)→ imperatival futureἐμπίμπλημι (fut.): 'fill'; cf. v. 3; in the idiom ἐμπλήσεις αὐτῶν τὰς χεῖρας ('fill their hands') it renders מִלֵּא יָד ('fill the hand'), the technical Hebrew expression for ordination/installation into priestly office (cf. 29:9, 33, 35); 'to fill the hands' = to ordain.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with τὰς χεῖρας)→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. pl.): 'their hands'; the hands of Aaron and his sons, 'filled' in the act of ordination.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with χεῖρας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of ἐμπλήσεις (idiom)→ object specificationχείρ (acc. pl.): 'hand'; renders יָד; in the idiom 'fill the hands' (μιλλέ יָד) it denotes installation/ordination — investing the priests with their office and its prerogatives.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁγιάσειςyou shall sanctifyFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἁγιάζωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival futureἁγιάζω (fut.): cf. v. 38; 'sanctify / consecrate'; renders קִדֵּשׁ; the climactic act setting Aaron and his sons apart as holy for YHWH's service; the four verbs (clothe, anoint, fill the hands, sanctify) together constitute the consecration.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object of ἁγιάσεις→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. pl.): refers to Aaron and his sons; the ones sanctified.
ἵναthatconjunction (purpose, with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: 'so that'; with the subjunctive expresses the purpose of the whole consecration — 'that they may serve me as priests'; echoes the chapter's opening refrain (vv. 1, 3, 4).
ἱερατεύωσίνthey may serve as priestsPres Act Subj 3 Pl · ἱερατεύωverb of purpose clause→ durative present subjunctive (ongoing priestly service)ἱερατεύω (pres. subj.): cf. vv. 1, 3, 4; the present subjunctive expresses the ongoing priestly ministry that is the goal of the consecration — the refrain ἱερατεύειν/ἱερατεύωσίν μοι frames the chapter.
μοιmeDativedative of advantage (object of ἱερατεύωσίν)→ participant reference or interestἐγώ (dat.): the priestly service is, as throughout, directed 'to me' (YHWH); the final μοι closes the consecration with the chapter's governing purpose.
42

καὶ ποιήσεις αὐτοῖς περισκελῆ λινᾶ καλύψαι ἀσχημοσύνην χρωτὸς αὐτῶν ἀπὸ ὀσφύος ἕως μηρῶν ἔσται

And you shall make for them linen breeches to cover the nakedness of their flesh; from the loins to the thighs it shall reach.

Specification: the linen breeches for modesty (main narrative)καὶ ποιήσεις αὐτοῖς περισκελῆ λινᾶ
v. 42 prescribes the linen breeches (περισκελῆ λινᾶ), the undergarment that covers the priests' nakedness (ἀσχημοσύνη) from loins to thighs. The infinitive of purpose καλύψαι states their function — bodily modesty before YHWH — preparing for the death-clause of v. 43.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειςyou shall makeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival futureποιέω (fut. 2 sg.): cf. v. 2; the last garment to be made — the linen breeches.
αὐτοῖςfor themDativedative of advantage ('for them')→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. pl.): refers to Aaron and his sons; the breeches are made for the priests.
περισκελῆbreeches / drawersAccusativedirect object of ποιήσεις→ object specificationπερισκελής (τὰ περισκελῆ): 'that which is about the legs, breeches / drawers' (περί + σκέλος, 'leg'); renders מִכְנָסַיִם; the linen undergarment covering the loins and thighs; required for priestly modesty (cf. 20:26, which forbids steps up to the altar 'that your nakedness be not exposed').
λινᾶlinenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying περισκελῆ)→ object specificationλινοῦς (λινᾶ): 'made of linen / flaxen' (from λίνον, 'flax'); renders בַּד ('linen'); the breeches are of linen, the fabric closest to the body, fitting for an undergarment.
καλύψαιto coverAor Act Inf · καλύπτωinfinitive of purpose ('in order to cover')→ purpose/telic aorist infinitiveκαλύπτω (aor. inf.): 'cover / conceal'; renders כִּסָּה (Piel); the infinitive of purpose states the breeches' function — to cover the nakedness of the priests' flesh, ensuring modesty in the sanctuary.
ἀσχημοσύνηνnakedness / shameAccusativedirect object of καλύψαι→ object specificationἀσχημοσύνη: 'unseemliness / shame / nakedness' (ἀ- privative + σχῆμα, 'form/decency'); renders עֶרְוָה ('nakedness'); the exposed private parts; the breeches cover this so the priest is not shamefully exposed before YHWH.
χρωτὸςof flesh / skinGenitivegenitive (defining ἀσχημοσύνην: 'nakedness of the flesh')→ relational specificationχρώς (gen. χρωτός): 'skin / flesh / body'; renders בָּשָׂר ('flesh'); 'the nakedness of their flesh' — the bodily nakedness to be covered.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the priests')→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. pl.): refers to Aaron and his sons; 'their flesh.'
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (extent: starting point)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; ἀπὸ ὀσφύος ἕως μηρῶν, 'from the loins to the thighs,' marks the extent of the breeches' coverage.
ὀσφύοςloins / waistGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (starting point)→ relational specificationὀσφῦς (gen. ὀσφύος): 'loin / waist / hip'; renders מָתְנַיִם; the upper limit of the breeches' coverage.
ἕωςto / as far aspreposition + genitive (extent: end point)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until / as far as'; marks the lower limit (the thighs) of the breeches.
μηρῶνthighsGenitivegenitive object of ἕως (end point)→ relational specificationμηρός (gen. pl.): 'thigh'; renders יָרֵךְ; the breeches reach from the waist down to the thighs, covering the loins fully.
ἔσταιit shall be / reachFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (prescriptive)→ predictive future (prescriptive)εἰμί (fut.): 'shall be / extend'; the breeches 'shall reach' from loins to thighs; the closing ἔσται fixes the required extent of the garment.
43

καὶ ἕξει Ααρων αὐτὰ καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ ὡς ἂν εἰσπορεύωνται εἰς τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ μαρτυρίου ἢ ὅταν προσπορεύωνται λειτουργεῖν πρὸς τὸ θυσιαστήριον τοῦ ἁγίου καὶ οὐκ ἐπάξονται πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς ἁμαρτίαν ἵνα μὴ ἀποθάνωσιν νόμιμον αἰώνιον αὐτῷ καὶ τῷ σπέρματι αὐτοῦ μετ᾿ αὐτόν

And Aaron shall have them, and his sons, whenever they enter into the tent of witness, or whenever they approach to minister at the altar of the holy place; and they shall not bring sin upon themselves, that they may not die — a perpetual statute for him and for his seed after him.

Conclusion: the perpetual statute of the priestly garments (main narrative)καὶ ἕξει Ααρων αὐτὰ
v. 43 closes the chapter: Aaron and his sons must wear the garments whenever they enter the tent of witness or approach the altar, lest they incur guilt and die (ἵνα μὴ ἀποθάνωσιν, echoing v. 35). The whole ordinance is sealed as a νόμιμον αἰώνιον ('perpetual statute') for Aaron and his seed after him — the standard concluding formula of priestly legislation.
Word-by-word analysis· 43 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕξειshall have / wearFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔχωmain verb (Aaron and sons as subject)→ predictive future (standing requirement)ἔχω (fut. ἕξει): 'have / hold / wear'; here 'shall have on / wear'; Aaron and his sons are to wear the garments (esp. the breeches) whenever they minister; the future has the force of a standing obligation.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: cf. v. 1; the high priest, with his sons, bound to wear the garments.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object of ἕξει (the garments)→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. neut. pl.): refers to the garments (esp. the breeches of v. 42); the priests must wear them when ministering.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοὶ)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (coordinate with Ααρων)→ participant prominenceυἱός (nom. pl.): cf. v. 1; Aaron's sons, equally bound by the statute.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὡςwhenevertemporal conjunction (with ἄν + subjunctive: indefinite)→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: here temporal, 'whenever / as'; with ἄν and the subjunctive (εἰσπορεύωνται) it is indefinite/iterative — 'whenever they enter.'
ἂνevermodal particle (with subjunctive, indefinite temporal)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: modal particle making the temporal clause indefinite/iterative (ὡς ἄν + subjunctive).
εἰσπορεύωνταιthey enterPres Mid Subj 3 Pl · εἰσπορεύομαιverb of indefinite temporal clause→ iterative/durative present subjunctive (whenever they enter)εἰσπορεύομαι (pres. subj.): cf. v. 30; 'whenever they enter the tent of witness' — the garments are required on every entry into the sacred space.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: 'into'; entry into the tent of witness.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σκηνὴν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtentAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; renders אֹהֶל; the σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('tent of witness/testimony') is the standard LXX name for the tabernacle (rendering אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד); the place of priestly ministry.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουwitness / testimonyGenitivegenitive (defining σκηνὴν: 'tent of witness')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'witness / testimony'; renders מוֹעֵד ('meeting') — though the LXX often reads it as עֵדוּת ('testimony'); σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου, 'the tent of witness,' the dwelling where God meets Israel and the priests minister.
ἢordisjunctive conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: 'or'; introduces the second occasion requiring the garments — approaching the altar to minister.
ὅτανwhenevertemporal conjunction (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅταν: cf. v. 30; 'whenever'; with the subjunctive (προσπορεύωνται), iterative.
προσπορεύωνταιthey approachPres Mid Subj 3 Pl · προσπορεύομαιverb of indefinite temporal clause→ iterative/durative present subjunctive (whenever they approach)προσπορεύομαι (pres. subj.): 'approach / come near'; renders קָרַב; 'whenever they approach to minister at the altar'; the cultic approach to the altar requires the garments.
λειτουργεῖνto ministerPres Act Inf · λειτουργέωinfinitive of purpose ('in order to minister')→ purpose/telic present infinitive (ongoing cultic service)λειτουργέω (pres. inf.): cf. v. 35; the infinitive of purpose — they approach the altar 'to minister'; the priestly/liturgical service for which the garments are required.
πρὸςat / topreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρός + acc.: 'to / at'; approach to the altar.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with θυσιαστήριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar' (from θυσιάζω, 'sacrifice'); renders מִזְבֵּחַ; the altar of the holy place at which the priests minister; the LXX's coined term for the Israelite altar (distinct from βωμός, used of pagan altars).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ἁγίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίουholy placeGenitivegenitive (defining θυσιαστήριον: 'altar of the holy place')→ relational specificationἅγιος (τὸ ἅγιον, gen.): cf. v. 3; 'the altar of the holy place / sanctuary'; the place of ministry within the sacred precinct.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (result)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with future indicative)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: the negative with the future indicative ἐπάξονται — 'they shall not bring sin upon themselves'; the wearing of the garments prevents the incurring of guilt.
ἐπάξονταιthey shall bring uponFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἐπάγωmain verb (apodosis: result of wearing the garments)→ predictive future (negated: they will not incur)ἐπάγω (fut. mid.): 'bring upon / lead against'; cf. its hostile use at 11:1; here middle, 'bring upon themselves'; properly attired, the priests 'will not bring sin upon themselves' — i.e. will not incur the guilt that would be fatal.
πρὸςuponpreposition + accusative (direction: 'upon themselves')→ spatial or relational framingπρός + acc.: 'upon / against'; πρὸς ἑαυτούς, 'upon themselves' — the guilt would fall on the priests themselves.
ἑαυτοὺςthemselvesAccusativereflexive pronoun (object of πρός)→ participant referenceἑαυτόν (acc. pl.): reflexive 'themselves'; the priests would bring guilt 'upon themselves' if they ministered improperly attired.
ἁμαρτίανsin / guiltAccusativedirect object of ἐπάξονται→ object specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / guilt'; renders עָוֹן / חֵטְא; the guilt incurred by ministering improperly clothed (e.g. with nakedness exposed); the garments prevent this; cf. ἁμαρτήματα at v. 38.
ἵναthatconjunction (negative purpose, with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: 'so that'; with μή and the subjunctive, negative purpose — 'that they may not die'; the death-clause echoes v. 35.
μὴnotnegative particle (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: the negative of purpose/will with the subjunctive.
ἀποθάνωσινthey may dieAor Act Subj 3 Pl · ἀποθνῄσκωverb of negative purpose clause→ ingressive aorist subjunctive (lest they die)ἀποθνῄσκω (aor. subj.): cf. v. 35; the death-clause ἵνα μὴ ἀποθάνωσιν marks the lethal danger of unfit approach to the holy; the garments are a safeguard for the priests' lives, as the bells were for Aaron (v. 35).
νόμιμονa statute / ordinanceAccusativeaccusative in apposition (summary: 'a perpetual statute')→ object specificationνόμιμον: 'statute / ordinance / lawful custom' (from νόμος, 'law'); renders חֻקָּה ('statute'); νόμιμον αἰώνιον ('a perpetual statute') is the standard concluding formula of priestly legislation (cf. Exod 27:21; 29:9; Lev 16:34), sealing the whole vestiary ordinance as binding in perpetuity.
αἰώνιονperpetual / everlastingAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying νόμιμον)→ object specificationαἰώνιος: 'everlasting / perpetual' (from αἰών, 'age'); renders עוֹלָם; the statute is 'for all time' — a permanent ordinance binding on the Aaronide priesthood across generations.
αὐτῷfor himDativedative of advantage (Aaron)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat.): refers to Aaron; the statute binds him and his descendants.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtheDativearticle (with σπέρματι)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπέρματιseed / offspringDativedative of advantage (Aaron's descendants)→ sphere or referenceσπέρμα (dat.): 'seed / offspring / descendants'; renders זֶרַע; 'his seed after him' — Aaron's priestly descendants, on whom the perpetual statute is equally binding; the closing phrase secures the continuity of the Aaronide priesthood.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Aaron's)→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen.): refers to Aaron; 'his seed.'
μετ᾿afterpreposition + accusative (temporal succession; elided)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + acc.: 'after'; μετ᾿ αὐτόν, 'after him' — the statute extends to Aaron's descendants in succession, securing the perpetuity of the ordinance.
αὐτόνhimAccusativeaccusative object of μετ᾿ (Aaron)→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc.): refers to Aaron; 'after him' — the closing word of the chapter, sealing the perpetual succession of the priestly statute.