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The Book of Exodus, Chapter 35ΕΞΟΔΟΣ ΛΕ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Exodus 35 begins the LXX's account of the construction of the tabernacle (the 'second tabernacle pericope', chs.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Exodus 35 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. Exodus 35 begins the LXX's account of the construction of the tabernacle (the 'second tabernacle pericope', chs. 35–40), which in the Old Greek is markedly shorter than the Masoretic text and differently arranged: the Greek inventory of the tent and its furnishings is compressed, and many items detailed in the MT are absent or telescoped. As a result the Rahlfs versification of this chapter is irregular: it numbers thirty-one verses as 1–7, 9–14, 16, 19–35, with NO Greek verses 8, 15, 17, or 18 — these MT verse-numbers carry no Old Greek text here and are not to be invented or closed up. The chapter opens with a reiteration of the Sabbath command to the whole assembly (vv. 1–3): six days for work, but the seventh a κατάπαυσις … ἀνάπαυσις κυρίῳ, with the striking added prohibition οὐ καύσετε πῦρ ('you shall not kindle fire', v. 3). The remainder is the summons to a freewill offering (ἀφαίρεμα, vv. 4–9) — everyone ὁ καταδεχόμενος τῇ καρδίᾳ ('whose heart accepts it') brings gold, silver, bronze, blue, purple, scarlet, fine linen, goats' hair, ram-skins and 'hyacinth' skins, acacia wood, gemstones, oil and incense — followed by the call for the σοφοὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ / τῇ διανοίᾳ ('the wise of heart / of mind') to make the tent and its vessels (vv. 10–19), the people's enthusiastic response, men and women alike, ὧν ἔφερεν ἡ καρδία / ἡ διάνοια αὐτῶν (vv. 20–29), and finally the naming of Βεσελεηλ (Bezalel) and Ελιαβ (Oholiab), whom God has filled with πνεῦμα θεῖον σοφίας ('a divine spirit of wisdom') for the craft (vv. 30–35). The willing-heart generosity of the offering (everyone ᾧ ἔδοξεν τῇ διανοίᾳ) anticipates the NT ideal of the ἱλαρὸς δότης, the 'cheerful giver' of 2 Cor 9:7, and the craftsman-Spirit motif — God's own πνεῦμα as the source of artistic skill — is among the most theologically suggestive notes in the Pentateuch.

1

καὶ συνήθροισεν Μωυσῆς πᾶσαν συναγωγὴν υἱῶν Ισραηλ καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι οὓς εἶπεν κύριος ποιῆσαι αὐτούς

And Moses assembled all the congregation of the sons of Israel and said to them, 'These are the words that the LORD has spoken, that you should do them.'

New narrative section: convening of the assembly (opens the tabernacle-construction account)καὶ συνήθροισεν Μωυσῆς
The chapter opens the LXX's second tabernacle pericope (chs. 35–40) with Moses gathering the whole community. The verb συνήθροισεν ('gathered together') and the object πᾶσαν συναγωγήν ('the whole congregation') stress the corporate, public character of what follows: the Sabbath command and the building of the sanctuary are addressed to all Israel, not to leaders alone. The introductory formula οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι οὓς εἶπεν κύριος frames the whole as authoritative divine command.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνήθροισενgathered togetherAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συναθροίζωmain verb (opening narrative act)→ constative aorist (single completed act of convening)συναθροίζω: 'gather together / assemble'; the compound συν- stresses the bringing of the people into one body; renders Hebrew קָהַל (Hiphil), cognate with קָהָל / συναγωγή; the verb signals a solemn convocation of the whole community for an authoritative address.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: transliteration of Hebrew מֹשֶׁה; declined as a second-declension noun in Rahlfs' LXX (gen. Μωυσῆ, acc. Μωυσῆν); here the nominative subject convening the assembly as the LORD's mediator.
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying συναγωγήν)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / whole / every'; the feminine accusative πᾶσαν agrees with συναγωγήν; the totality-marker underlines that the Sabbath command and the tabernacle summons are addressed to the entire community without exception.
συναγωγὴνcongregation / assemblyAccusativedirect object of συνήθροισεν→ object specificationσυναγωγή: 'gathering / congregation / assembly'; the standard LXX rendering of עֵדָה (and sometimes קָהָל); the cognate pairing συνήθροισεν … συναγωγήν is a figura etymologica echoing the Hebrew; later the word becomes the technical term for the worshipping community and its meeting-place.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive (defining συναγωγήν: 'congregation of the sons')→ relational specificationυἱός (pl. gen. υἱῶν): 'son'; the phrase υἱοὶ Ισραηλ renders בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל ('sons / children of Israel'), the standard designation of the covenant people as a kinship community descended from the patriarch.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun, with υἱῶν)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; here the patriarchal name standing for the whole nation as the assembled covenant people.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introducing)→ constative aorist (single completed speech-act)λέγω: 'say / speak'; the aorist εἶπεν introduces Moses' address to the assembled congregation; here he speaks as relay of the divine command, as the following οὓς εἶπεν κύριος makes explicit.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτούςthemAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the assembled people)→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'he / it / they'; here the accusative plural object of πρός, referring to the assembled congregation as the recipients of Moses' address.
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subject (of nominal clause: 'these are the words')→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'this / these'; the demonstrative οὗτοι heads a cataphoric nominal clause pointing forward to the words that follow; the construction οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι is a solemn presentational formula introducing authoritative speech.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with λόγοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγοιwordsNominativepredicate nominative ('these are the words')→ participant prominenceλόγος (pl. λόγοι): 'word / saying / matter'; renders Hebrew דְּבָרִים; in covenant contexts οἱ λόγοι denotes authoritative divine words / commands (cf. the 'ten words', οἱ δέκα λόγοι, of 34:28); here the term frames the Sabbath ordinance and the offering as binding stipulations.
οὓςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of εἶπεν, antecedent λόγοι)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; the masculine accusative plural οὕς agrees with its antecedent λόγοι and serves as object of the following εἶπεν κύριος.
εἶπενspoke / commandedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωverb of relative clause (divine speech as authority)→ constative aorist (the divine word already given)λέγω: here with κύριος as subject, the aorist εἶπεν grounds Moses' instruction in the prior divine command; the relative clause οὓς εἶπεν κύριος authenticates everything that follows as the LORD's own word, not Moses' invention.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of εἶπεν (divine speaker)→ participant prominenceκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; as subject of εἶπεν it marks the ultimate authority behind Moses' words — the Sabbath law and tabernacle offering originate in YHWH's own command.
ποιῆσαιto doAor Act Infin · ποιέωinfinitive of purpose / result (defining the obligation attached to the words)→ telic aorist infinitive (the commanded action to be carried out)ποιέω: 'do / make / perform'; the aorist infinitive expresses the purpose for which the words were spoken — that they be done; renders the Hebrew infinitive construct לַעֲשֹׂת ('to do them'); the verb dominates the whole chapter, where ποιέω recurs for both obedience and craftsmanship.
αὐτούςthemAccusativeaccusative object of ποιῆσαι (the λόγοι to be carried out)→ participant referenceαὐτός: here the accusative plural object of ποιῆσαι, referring back to οἱ λόγοι; 'to do them' — the words are not merely to be heard but performed.
2

ἓξ ἡμέρας ποιήσεις ἔργα τῇ δὲ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ κατάπαυσις ἅγιον σάββατα ἀνάπαυσις κυρίῳ πᾶς ὁ ποιῶν ἔργον ἐν αὐτῇ τελευτάτω

Six days you shall do works, but on the seventh day there is a rest, a holy thing, a sabbath, a repose to the LORD; everyone doing work on it shall be put to death.

Content of the divine word: the Sabbath ordinance (apodictic law)ἓξ ἡμέρας ποιήσεις
The first of 'the words' is the Sabbath command, here in apodictic form. The six-day/seventh-day antithesis is marked by δέ ('but'). A piling-up of nouns — κατάπαυσις, ἅγιον, σάββατα, ἀνάπαυσις κυρίῳ — defines the seventh day with cumulative solemnity, and the death-penalty clause (πᾶς ὁ ποιῶν … τελευτάτω) gives the command absolute force. Its placement before the tabernacle work subordinates even sacred labor to Sabbath rest.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἓξsixAccusativenumeral (with ἡμέρας: accusative of duration)→ object specificationἕξ: 'six'; indeclinable cardinal; with ἡμέρας it forms an accusative of extent of time ('for six days'); renders שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים, the standard formula of the Sabbath command (cf. 20:9; 31:15; 34:21).
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of duration (extent of time)→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; the accusative plural ἡμέρας expresses duration ('for six days'); the term anchors the weekly rhythm grounded in the creation week (Gen 2:2–3; Exod 20:11).
ποιήσειςyou shall doFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (apodictic future-as-imperative, 2nd sg.)→ legislative future (command expressed as future indicative)ποιέω: 'do / make'; the future indicative ποιήσεις functions as an apodictic command (so too the prohibitions of the Decalogue), a Hebraism rendering the Hebrew imperfect of legislation (תַּעֲשֶׂה); the second-person singular addresses each Israelite individually.
ἔργαworksAccusativedirect object of ποιήσεις→ object specificationἔργον (pl. ἔργα): 'work / deed / labor'; renders מְלָאכָה; the plural here denotes ordinary daily labor, set in deliberate contrast to the prohibited ἔργον of the seventh day below; the same noun later denotes the sacred 'works' of the tabernacle.
τῇon theDativearticle (with ἡμέρᾳ, dative of time)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutadversative particle (post-positive: six days vs. the seventh)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: post-positive particle; here adversative, marking the sharp contrast between the six days of labor and the seventh day of rest.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time (when: 'on the seventh day')→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the dative ἡμέρᾳ with the article and ordinal ἑβδόμῃ specifies the time of the Sabbath rest.
τῇtheDativearticle (with ἑβδόμῃ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑβδόμῃseventhDativeattributive ordinal adjective (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ sphere or referenceἕβδομος: 'seventh'; renders הַשְּׁבִיעִי; the seventh day is the climactic term of the creation-week structure and the temporal hinge of the entire Sabbath theology.
κατάπαυσιςrest / cessationNominativepredicate nominative (verbless clause: 'there is a rest')→ participant prominenceκατάπαυσις: 'cessation / rest'; from καταπαύω ('cause to cease'); renders שַׁבָּתוֹן or the cognate of שָׁבַת; the noun denotes the cessation of labor and is the term taken up theologically in Ps 94(95):11 and Heb 3–4 for the eschatological 'rest' of God's people.
ἅγιονa holy thingNominativepredicate nominative (apposition: 'a holy [day]')→ participant prominenceἅγιος: 'holy / set apart'; the neuter ἅγιον stands in apposition, declaring the seventh day consecrated; renders קֹדֶשׁ; holiness here is a temporal category — the day itself belongs to the sphere of the sacred.
σάββαταa sabbathNominativepredicate nominative (apposition: the technical term)→ participant prominenceσάββατον (pl. σάββατα): transliteration of Hebrew שַׁבָּת; the neuter plural σάββατα is regularly used in the LXX with singular sense ('a sabbath'), reflecting the Aramaic determined form; here it names the day with its technical, covenant-laden term.
ἀνάπαυσιςrepose / restNominativepredicate nominative (apposition, near-synonym of κατάπαυσις)→ participant prominenceἀνάπαυσις: 'rest / repose / refreshment'; from ἀναπαύω; renders שַׁבָּתוֹן ('solemn rest'); paired here with κατάπαυσις to give a doubled, intensified description of the day's character as cessation-and-refreshment dedicated to the LORD.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of advantage / dedication ('a rest to/for the LORD')→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the dative κυρίῳ marks the day as dedicated to YHWH — the rest is not mere inactivity but a holy time belonging to him (cf. שַׁבָּת לַיהוה).
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubject (with substantival participle ὁ ποιῶν)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every / all'; here substantival with the articular participle, 'everyone who does' — a casuistic formula introducing the penalty clause; the universal scope leaves no exemption.
ὁthe (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle ποιῶν)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιῶνdoingPres Act Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · ποιέωsubstantival participle (subject: 'the one doing work')→ characterizing present participle (anyone who performs work)ποιέω (pres. ptcp.): the articular participle ὁ ποιῶν substantivizes the offense, 'the one who does (work)'; the present aspect frames it generically — anyone engaged in work on the day; the construction πᾶς ὁ ποιῶν … τελευτάτω is standard casuistic legal phrasing.
ἔργονworkAccusativedirect object of ποιῶν→ object specificationἔργον: 'work / labor'; here the singular denotes any prohibited work on the Sabbath, renders מְלָאכָה; the verbal echo of ἔργα (v. 2a) sharpens the antithesis — the very thing permitted on six days is capital on the seventh.
ἐνonpreposition + dative (temporal: 'on it')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal: 'on it').
αὐτῇitDativedative object of ἐν (referring to ἡμέρᾳ, the Sabbath day)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: here the feminine dative αὐτῇ refers to the seventh day (ἡμέρᾳ); 'on it' — locating the forbidden work temporally on the Sabbath.
τελευτάτωlet him be put to deathPres Act Impv 3 Sg · τελευτάωmain verb of penalty clause (third-person imperative)→ legislative present imperative (prescribed capital sanction)τελευτάω: 'die / come to one's end'; the third-person imperative τελευτάτω prescribes the death penalty ('let him die / be put to death'), rendering the Hebrew מוֹת יוּמָת ('he shall surely be put to death', cf. 31:14–15); the verb here functions juridically, marking Sabbath-breaking as a capital covenant offense.
3

οὐ καύσετε πῦρ ἐν πάσῃ κατοικίᾳ ὑμῶν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῶν σαββάτων ἐγὼ κύριος

You shall not kindle fire in any dwelling of yours on the day of the sabbaths; I am the LORD.

Specific Sabbath prohibition appended to the general commandοὐ καύσετε πῦρ
A concrete application of the Sabbath law: the kindling of fire is forbidden in every dwelling. The prohibition οὐ + future indicative (καύσετε) is again apodictic legal form. The clause closes with the self-asseveration ἐγὼ κύριος ('I am the LORD'), the divine signature that grounds the command in YHWH's own authority and recurs as a formula throughout the Holiness material.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
οὐnotnegative particle (with future indicative: apodictic prohibition)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: the objective negative; with the future indicative καύσετε it forms an emphatic legal prohibition ('you shall not'), the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew לֹא + imperfect of categorical command.
καύσετεyou shall kindleFut Act Indic 2 Pl · καίωmain verb (apodictic prohibition, 2nd pl.)→ legislative future (categorical prohibition)καίω: 'kindle / light / burn'; the future indicative with οὐ renders the Hebrew לֹא תְבַעֲרוּ אֵשׁ ('you shall not kindle fire'); the shift to second-person plural broadens the address from the individual (v. 2 ποιήσεις) to the whole community; this fire-prohibition is distinctive to the Sabbath legislation.
πῦρfireAccusativedirect object of καύσετε→ object specificationπῦρ: 'fire'; renders אֵשׁ; the prohibition of kindling fire became a major locus of later halakhic discussion on Sabbath observance; here it concretizes the cessation of labor down to the domestic hearth.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
πάσῃevery / anyDativeattributive adjective (modifying κατοικίᾳ)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: 'every / all'; the feminine dative πάσῃ agrees with κατοικίᾳ; 'in every dwelling' universalizes the prohibition to all Israelite households without exception.
κατοικίᾳdwelling / habitationDativedative object of ἐν (locative: 'in [every] dwelling')→ sphere or referenceκατοικία: 'dwelling / settlement / habitation'; from κατοικέω; renders מוֹשָׁב ('dwelling-place'); the term marks the prohibition as applying in the private domestic sphere, not only in public or cultic space.
ὑμῶνof you / yourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying κατοικίᾳ)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. pl. ὑμῶν): 'you'; the possessive genitive 'your dwellings' personalizes the command to the addressed community.
τῇon theDativearticle (with ἡμέρᾳ, dative of time)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time (when: 'on the day')→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the dative of time τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῶν σαββάτων ('on the day of the sabbaths') specifies the Sabbath as the temporal scope of the fire-prohibition.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with σαββάτων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σαββάτωνsabbathsGenitivegenitive (defining ἡμέρᾳ: 'the day of the sabbaths')→ relational specificationσάββατον (gen. pl. σαββάτων): 'sabbath'; the phrase ἡ ἡμέρα τῶν σαββάτων ('the day of the sabbaths') is a fixed LXX idiom for the Sabbath, the plural again functioning with singular sense; cf. the same expression in the Gospels (e.g. Luke 4:16).
ἐγὼINominativesubject of verbless self-asseveration ('I [am] the LORD')→ participant referenceἐγώ: the emphatic personal pronoun heads the divine self-identification formula ἐγὼ κύριος ('I am the LORD'), rendering אֲנִי יְהוָה; the verbless clause grounds the preceding command in YHWH's own sovereign authority.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativepredicate nominative (self-identification formula)→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the formula ἐγὼ κύριος is the divine signature that seals covenant stipulations (pervasive in Lev 18–26); here it stamps the Sabbath fire-law with the authority of the divine name itself.
4

καὶ εἶπεν Μωυσῆς πρὸς πᾶσαν συναγωγὴν υἱῶν Ισραηλ λέγων τοῦτο τὸ ῥῆμα ὃ συνέταξεν κύριος λέγων

And Moses spoke to all the congregation of the sons of Israel, saying, 'This is the word that the LORD has commanded, saying:'

New speech-introduction: transition from Sabbath law to the offering commandκαὶ εἶπεν Μωυσῆς
A fresh speech-introduction marks the pivot from the Sabbath ordinance to the great theme of the chapter, the freewill offering for the tabernacle. The presentational formula τοῦτο τὸ ῥῆμα ὃ συνέταξεν κύριος parallels v. 1's οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι, again grounding the command in the LORD's authority. The doubled λέγων … λέγων is a Hebraism (לֵאמֹר) introducing direct speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaid / spokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introducing)→ constative aorist (single speech-act introducing the offering command)λέγω: the aorist εἶπεν opens Moses' second address, transitioning from the Sabbath law to the tabernacle offering; the repetition of the convening-and-speaking pattern of v. 1 structures the chapter into successive divine commands relayed through Moses.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: transliteration of מֹשֶׁה; the mediator who relays the LORD's command to the assembly.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying συναγωγήν)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / whole'; the feminine accusative πᾶσαν again stresses that the offering-command, like the Sabbath law, is addressed to the entire congregation.
συναγωγὴνcongregationAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the addressed assembly)→ object specificationσυναγωγή: 'congregation / assembly'; rendering עֵדָה; the repeated πᾶσαν συναγωγὴν υἱῶν Ισραηλ binds vv. 1–4 together as successive addresses to the one gathered community.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive (defining συναγωγήν)→ relational specificationυἱός (gen. pl. υἱῶν): 'son'; the phrase υἱῶν Ισραηλ identifies the assembly as the covenant nation.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun, with υἱῶν)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable; the patriarchal name designating the people.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · λέγωparticiple of attendant circumstance (introducing direct speech: Hebraism)→ circumstantial present participle (speech-marker)λέγω (pres. ptcp.): the participle λέγων is a Hebraism rendering לֵאמֹר ('saying'), the standard particle introducing direct discourse; pleonastic after εἶπεν but idiomatic in LXX narrative.
τοῦτοthisNominativedemonstrative subject (of nominal clause: 'this is the word')→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; the neuter τοῦτο heads a cataphoric nominal clause pointing forward to the offering-command that follows; parallel to οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι in v. 1.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with ῥῆμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαword / matterNominativepredicate nominative ('this is the word')→ participant prominenceῥῆμα: 'word / saying / thing'; renders Hebrew דָּבָר; like λόγος it can denote both an utterance and the matter it concerns; here it presents the offering-command as an authoritative divine word.
ὃwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of συνέταξεν, antecedent ῥῆμα)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; the neuter accusative ὅ agrees with its antecedent ῥῆμα and serves as object of συνέταξεν.
συνέταξενcommanded / ordainedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of relative clause (divine command as authority)→ constative aorist (the prior divine ordinance)συντάσσω: 'order / arrange / command'; the compound stresses authoritative direction; renders צִוָּה ('command'); the verb recurs throughout the tabernacle account (cf. vv. 1, 10, 29) for the LORD's detailed instructions, which the work must exactly match.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν (divine commander)→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; as subject of συνέταξεν it grounds the offering-command in the LORD's own ordinance.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · λέγωparticiple introducing direct speech (second Hebraistic λέγων)→ circumstantial present participle (speech-marker)λέγω (pres. ptcp.): the second λέγων renders a further לֵאמֹר, introducing the actual words of the command that begin in v. 5; the doubling reflects the layered relay — Moses says what the LORD commanded, saying.
5

λάβετε παρ᾿ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν ἀφαίρεμα κυρίῳ πᾶς ὁ καταδεχόμενος τῇ καρδίᾳ οἴσουσιν τὰς ἀπαρχὰς κυρίῳ χρυσίον ἀργύριον χαλκόν

Take from among yourselves a contribution for the LORD; everyone who accepts it in his heart — let them bring the firstfruits to the LORD: gold, silver, bronze,

Opening imperative of the offering-command: the contribution and the willing heartλάβετε παρ᾿ ὑμῶν
The command proper begins with the aorist imperative λάβετε ('take') and the key term ἀφαίρεμα ('contribution / set-apart portion'). Crucially the giving is voluntary: only πᾶς ὁ καταδεχόμενος τῇ καρδίᾳ ('everyone who accepts it in his heart') brings. A constructio ad sensum follows (πᾶς … οἴσουσιν, singular subject with plural verb). The catalogue of materials opens with the three metals — gold, silver, bronze — in descending value, the standard tabernacle sequence.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
λάβετεtakeAor Act Impv 2 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb (divine imperative to the assembly)→ ingressive aorist imperative (begin the taking-up of the offering)λαμβάνω: 'take / receive'; the aorist imperative λάβετε opens the offering-command; renders קְחוּ; the idiom λάβετε … ἀφαίρεμα ('take a contribution') echoes the parallel command at 25:2 (λάβετε ἀπαρχάς) and frames the collection as a sacred levy taken from the people's own goods.
παρ᾿frompreposition + genitive (source, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + genitive: 'from (the side of)'; here marking the source of the offering — it is to be drawn from the people themselves.
ὑμῶνyouGenitivegenitive of source (object of παρά)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. pl. ὑμῶν): 'you'; with the intensive αὐτῶν, 'from your own selves' — the offering comes from the people's own possessions.
αὐτῶνyourselvesGenitiveintensive pronoun (reinforcing ὑμῶν: 'from your own selves')→ relational specificationαὐτός: here intensive with ὑμῶν, παρ᾿ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν ('from your very selves'), rendering מֵאִתְּכֶם; the emphasis underscores that the materials are a self-divestment, a giving from one's own substance.
ἀφαίρεμαcontribution / set-apart portionAccusativedirect object of λάβετε→ object specificationἀφαίρεμα: 'that which is taken off / a contribution / a portion set apart'; from ἀφαιρέω ('take away / remove'); renders Hebrew תְּרוּמָה ('contribution / heave-offering'); the term, recurring throughout this chapter (vv. 5, 21, 22, 24, 29), is the technical word for the sacred levy raised for the sanctuary.
κυρίῳfor the LORDDativedative of advantage / recipient (the contribution's destination)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the dative κυρίῳ marks the LORD as the recipient of the offering — though taken from the people, it is given to God.
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubject (with substantival participle ὁ καταδεχόμενος)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'everyone / all'; here substantival with the articular participle, introducing the voluntary qualification — only the willing-hearted bring; the singular πᾶς governs a plural verb οἴσουσιν (constructio ad sensum).
ὁthe (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle καταδεχόμενος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταδεχόμενοςaccepting / consentingPres Mid Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · καταδέχομαιsubstantival participle (subject: 'the one who accepts in heart')→ characterizing present participle (the willing disposition)καταδέχομαι: 'accept / receive willingly / consent'; the compound κατα- intensifies the welcoming reception; the phrase ὁ καταδεχόμενος τῇ καρδίᾳ ('whoever accepts it in his heart') renders the Hebrew נְדִיב לֵב / יִדְּבֶנּוּ לִבּוֹ ('whose heart is willing / impels him'); it is the LXX's expression of the willing-heart generosity motif central to this chapter and anticipated by the ἱλαρὸς δότης of 2 Cor 9:7.
τῇin theDativearticle (with καρδίᾳ, dative of sphere)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartDativedative of sphere / means (the seat of willing acceptance)→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: 'heart'; renders לֵב / לֵבָב; in Hebrew anthropology the heart is the seat of will, intellect and disposition, not merely emotion; the dative τῇ καρδίᾳ locates the acceptance in the inner disposition — the offering must be heart-willed, not coerced.
οἴσουσινthey shall bringFut Act Indic 3 Pl · φέρωmain verb (constructio ad sensum: plural verb with πᾶς subject)→ predictive / volitive future (the bringing of the offering)φέρω (fut. οἴσουσιν): 'bring / carry'; the suppletive future of φέρω; the plural verb after the singular collective πᾶς is a constructio ad sensum ('everyone … they shall bring'); φέρω and its compounds (ἤνεγκαν) dominate vv. 21–29 as the leitmotif of the people's bringing.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with ἀπαρχάς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπαρχὰςfirstfruits / offeringsAccusativedirect object of οἴσουσιν→ object specificationἀπαρχή (pl. ἀπαρχάς): 'firstfruits / first portion / offering'; renders תְּרוּמָה here (elsewhere רֵאשִׁית); used synonymously with ἀφαίρεμα in this verse for the sacred contribution; the term carries the cultic sense of the choicest portion set apart for God (cf. its NT theological use, Rom 11:16; 1 Cor 15:20).
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (destination of the firstfruits)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of יהוה; the repeated κυρίῳ frames the whole act as Godward — the firstfruits are brought 'to the LORD.'
χρυσίονgoldAccusativeaccusative in apposition / specification (first material listed)→ object specificationχρυσίον: 'gold' (esp. wrought or coined gold); renders זָהָב; heads the material-catalogue as the most precious metal; gold dominates the inner sanctuary appointments (ark, mercy-seat, lampstand).
ἀργύριονsilverAccusativeaccusative of specification (second material)→ object specificationἀργύριον: 'silver'; renders כֶּסֶף; second in the descending sequence of metals; silver is used especially for the bases and fittings of the structure.
χαλκόνbronze / copperAccusativeaccusative of specification (third material)→ object specificationχαλκός: 'bronze / copper'; renders נְחֹשֶׁת; the third and least precious of the metals, used for the altar and the courtyard fittings; gold–silver–bronze is the fixed descending order of sanctity and value in the tabernacle materials.
6

ὑάκινθον πορφύραν κόκκινον διπλοῦν διανενησμένον καὶ βύσσον κεκλωσμένην καὶ τρίχας αἰγείας

blue and purple and double-spun scarlet and twined fine linen and goats' hair,

Continuation of the material-catalogue: the textilesὑάκινθον πορφύραν
The catalogue continues with the textile materials, an asyndetic list (the first three colors without καί) of the dyed yarns and fibers: blue, purple, double-spun scarlet, twined fine linen, and goats' hair. These are the materials of the tent-curtains, the veil and the priestly vestments. The perfect participles διανενησμένον ('spun') and κεκλωσμένην ('twined / twisted') describe the prepared, worked state of the yarns.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὑάκινθονblue / hyacinthAccusativeaccusative of specification (material)→ object specificationὑάκινθος: 'hyacinth / blue (-violet) dye / blue yarn'; renders תְּכֵלֶת, the blue-violet dye derived from the murex mollusk; the most prestigious of the tabernacle colors, used for the veil and priestly garments; the word denotes both the color and the dyed wool.
πορφύρανpurpleAccusativeaccusative of specification (material)→ object specificationπορφύρα: 'purple (dye / cloth)'; renders אַרְגָּמָן, the reddish-purple murex dye; an emblem of royalty and wealth in the ancient world; paired with ὑάκινθος and κόκκινον as the three sacred dyes of the sanctuary textiles.
κόκκινονscarletAccusativeaccusative of specification (material)→ object specificationκόκκινος: 'scarlet / crimson'; renders שָׁנִי / תּוֹלַעַת שָׁנִי, the crimson dye from the kermes insect (κόκκος, the 'berry'/grain); the third sacred color; here qualified as 'double' and 'spun.'
διπλοῦνdoubleAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying κόκκινον: 'double scarlet')→ object specificationδιπλοῦς: 'double / twofold'; the phrase κόκκινον διπλοῦν ('double scarlet') is the LXX's rendering of תּוֹלַעַת שָׁנִי, perhaps understanding the doubled dyeing or doubled thread that produced the deep crimson; the term recurs in the tabernacle descriptions (cf. 26:31; 36:8 LXX).
διανενησμένονspunPerf Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Sg · διανήθωattributive participle (modifying κόκκινον: 'spun scarlet')→ resultative perfect participle (the yarn in its finished, spun state)διανήθω: 'spin (thread)'; the perfect passive participle διανενησμένον denotes scarlet that has been fully spun into yarn; the perfect aspect marks the completed, ready-for-use state of the material; cognate with νήθω ('spin', cf. v. 25 νήθειν).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βύσσονfine linenAccusativeaccusative of specification (material)→ object specificationβύσσος: 'fine linen / byssus'; renders שֵׁשׁ, the costly white linen woven from Egyptian flax; the staple fabric of the tent-curtains and priestly garments; its whiteness symbolizes purity and is later associated with the righteous deeds of the saints (Rev 19:8).
κεκλωσμένηνtwined / twistedPerf Pass Ptcp Acc Fem Sg · κλώθωattributive participle (modifying βύσσον: 'twined linen')→ resultative perfect participle (the linen in its finished, twisted state)κλώθω: 'spin / twist (thread)'; the perfect passive participle κεκλωσμένην renders מָשְׁזָר ('twisted / twined'); the fixed phrase βύσσος κεκλωσμένη ('fine twined linen') denotes the multi-ply twisted linen thread used throughout the sanctuary fabrics (cf. 26:1; 28:6 LXX).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρίχαςhairAccusativeaccusative of specification (material)→ object specificationθρίξ (pl. τρίχας): 'hair'; renders עִזִּים (with the sense 'goats' hair'); spun goats' hair was woven into the coarse outer curtains of the tent (26:7); the women spin it in v. 26.
αἰγείαςof goats / goat-Accusativeattributive adjective (modifying τρίχας: 'goats' hair')→ object specificationαἴγειος: 'of a goat'; from αἴξ ('goat'); the phrase τρίχες αἴγειαι ('goats' hair') specifies the coarse fiber used for the tent's outer covering; the same phrase recurs at v. 26.
7

καὶ δέρματα κριῶν ἠρυθροδανωμένα καὶ δέρματα ὑακίνθινα καὶ ξύλα ἄσηπτα

and ram-skins dyed red and skins dyed blue and incorruptible wood,

Continuation of the material-catalogue: skins and woodκαὶ δέρματα κριῶν
The list continues with the leather coverings and the structural timber: reddened ram-skins, blue-dyed ('hyacinth') skins, and acacia wood (ξύλα ἄσηπτα, 'incorruptible/rot-proof wood'). These furnish the protective outer coverings of the tent and the frames, poles and furniture of the sanctuary. The same three items recur in the people's response at v. 23.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing catalogue)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέρματαskins / hidesAccusativeaccusative of specification (material)→ object specificationδέρμα (pl. δέρματα): 'skin / hide'; renders עוֹר / עֹרֹת; the tanned hides formed the protective outer coverings over the tent's curtains (cf. 26:14).
κριῶνof ramsGenitivegenitive of material / source (modifying δέρματα: 'ram-skins')→ relational specificationκριός (gen. pl. κριῶν): 'ram'; renders אֵילִם; the phrase δέρματα κριῶν ('ram-skins') denotes the rams' hides forming one layer of the tent covering (26:14).
ἠρυθροδανωμέναdyed red / reddenedPerf Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἐρυθροδανόωattributive participle (modifying δέρματα κριῶν: 'reddened ram-skins')→ resultative perfect participle (the skins in their dyed, finished state)ἐρυθροδανόω: 'dye red with madder'; from ἐρυθρόδανον ('madder', the red-dye plant Rubia tinctorum); the perfect passive participle renders מְאָדָּמִים ('reddened / dyed red'); a rare, technical LXX coinage precisely rendering the Hebrew; the perfect marks the completed dyeing.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέρματαskinsAccusativeaccusative of specification (material)→ object specificationδέρμα (pl. δέρματα): 'skin / hide'; the second category of skins, here dyed blue ('hyacinth').
ὑακίνθιναdyed blue / hyacinth-coloredAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying δέρματα: 'blue skins')→ object specificationὑακίνθινος: 'of hyacinth color / blue'; the adjective from ὑάκινθος; δέρματα ὑακίνθινα renders the obscure Hebrew עֹרֹת תְּחָשִׁים (skins of taḥash, an uncertain animal or color); the LXX interprets it as blue-dyed skins, harmonizing with the sanctuary's blue motif.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ξύλαwood / timbersAccusativeaccusative of specification (material)→ object specificationξύλον (pl. ξύλα): 'wood / timber'; renders עֲצֵי; the timber for the frames, bars, poles and furniture of the sanctuary; qualified as ἄσηπτα ('rot-proof').
ἄσηπταincorruptible / rot-proofAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ξύλα: 'incorruptible wood')→ object specificationἄσηπτος: 'not liable to rot / incorruptible'; from ἀ- + σήπω ('cause to rot'); the phrase ξύλα ἄσηπτα is the LXX's standard rendering of עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים ('acacia wood'), interpreting the durable acacia by its quality of resistance to decay; its incorruptibility befits the sacred furniture (cf. 25:5, 10).
9

καὶ λίθους σαρδίου καὶ λίθους εἰς τὴν γλυφὴν εἰς τὴν ἐπωμίδα καὶ τὸν ποδήρη

and sardius stones and stones for the engraving, for the ephod and the full-length robe.

Conclusion of the material-catalogue: the gemstones for the priestly vestmentsκαὶ λίθους σαρδίου
The material-catalogue closes (v. 9; note the absence of v. 8 in the Greek numbering) with the precious stones destined for the high-priestly vestments: sardius stones and stones 'for the engraving' (εἰς τὴν γλυφήν) — that is, to be cut and set into the ephod and the long robe (ποδήρης). With the gemstones the inventory of raw materials is complete and the chapter turns to the craftsmen who will work them.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing catalogue)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λίθουςstonesAccusativeaccusative of specification (material)→ object specificationλίθος (pl. λίθους): 'stone'; renders אֶבֶן / אַבְנֵי; here the precious gemstones to be set in the priestly ephod and breastpiece; cf. the σμάραγδος (emerald) and 'stones of fullness/setting' at v. 27.
σαρδίουof sardius / carnelianGenitivegenitive of material / quality (modifying λίθους: 'sardius stones')→ relational specificationσάρδιον: 'sardius / carnelian'; renders שֹׁהַם (often onyx/beryl, here interpreted as the red sardius); a precious stone set on the shoulder-pieces of the ephod (28:9); the first-listed of the priestly gems.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λίθουςstonesAccusativeaccusative of specification (material)→ object specificationλίθος (pl. λίθους): 'stone'; the second mention denotes the further gemstones to be engraved and set into the priestly vestments.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose: 'for the engraving')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + accusative: here of purpose / destination, 'for (the purpose of)'; introduces what the stones are intended for.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with γλυφήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλυφὴνengraving / carvingAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose: 'for the engraving')→ object specificationγλυφή: 'carving / engraving'; from γλύφω ('carve / engrave'); renders the Hebrew מִלֻּאִים / פִּתּוּחַ context of stone-setting and engraving; the stones are to be engraved (with the names of the tribes, 28:9–11) and set into the priestly garments.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose / destination)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + accusative: 'for / into'; here marking the destination of the engraved stones — the ephod and the robe.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ἐπωμίδα)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπωμίδαephod / shoulder-pieceAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (destination of the stones)→ object specificationἐπωμίς: 'shoulder-piece / ephod'; from ἐπί + ὦμος ('upon the shoulder'); the LXX's rendering of אֵפוֹד, the high priest's shoulder-vestment bearing the engraved gemstones (28:6–14); the Greek term aptly describes the garment worn over the shoulders.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with ποδήρη)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποδήρηfull-length robeAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (parallel to ἐπωμίδα)→ object specificationποδήρης: '(robe) reaching to the feet'; from πούς ('foot') + ἄρω; substantivized, 'the full-length robe'; renders מְעִיל ('robe') or the long priestly garment; a distinctive mark of the high-priestly dignity (cf. Wis 18:24; Rev 1:13, where the exalted Christ wears a ποδήρης).
10

καὶ πᾶς σοφὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ ἐν ὑμῖν ἐλθὼν ἐργαζέσθω πάντα ὅσα συνέταξεν κύριος

And let everyone who is wise of heart among you come and work all that the LORD has commanded:

Summons of the skilled: transition from materials to workmanshipκαὶ πᾶς σοφὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ
Having listed the materials, the command now summons the workers: πᾶς σοφὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ ('everyone wise of heart'). The 'wisdom of heart' (σοφία τῇ καρδίᾳ / τῇ διανοίᾳ) is the chapter's term for practical, God-given craft-skill — the same wisdom with which Bezalel will be filled (v. 31). The third-person imperative ἐργαζέσθω commands the skilled to come and execute everything the LORD ordained (πάντα ὅσα συνέταξεν κύριος), introducing the inventory of vv. 11–19.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubject (with adjective σοφός: 'everyone wise')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'everyone / all'; with σοφός it issues an open invitation to all the skilled, the workforce-counterpart to πᾶς ὁ καταδεχόμενος (v. 5); the offering of skill, like the offering of goods, is universal and voluntary.
σοφὸςwise / skilledNominativepredicate / substantival adjective (subject: 'the one wise of heart')→ participant prominenceσοφός: 'wise / skilled'; renders חֲכַם (-לֵב); in the tabernacle texts σοφία denotes not abstract wisdom but practical, artistic competence; the phrase σοφὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ ('wise of heart') is the LXX's expression of inspired craftsmanship, anchoring artistic skill in the inner faculty.
τῇin theDativearticle (with καρδίᾳ, dative of respect)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartDativedative of respect / sphere (the seat of skill: 'wise in heart')→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: 'heart'; renders לֵב; the dative of respect locates the wisdom in the heart, the seat of will and understanding; later in the chapter the parallel διάνοια ('mind / understanding') is used for the same idea (vv. 21, 25, 34, 35).
ἐνamongpreposition + dative (locative: 'among you')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'among you').
ὑμῖνyouDativedative object of ἐν (the community: 'among you')→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. pl. ὑμῖν): 'you'; ἐν ὑμῖν ('among you') locates the skilled within the congregation — the workers are drawn from the people themselves.
ἐλθὼνhaving comeAor Act Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · ἔρχομαιcircumstantial participle (attendant on ἐργαζέσθω: 'come and work')→ coincident / antecedent aorist participle (the coming that precedes the working)ἔρχομαι (aor. ptcp.): 'come / go'; the aorist participle ἐλθών with the imperative ἐργαζέσθω forms a 'come-and-do' idiom (ἐλθὼν ἐργαζέσθω, 'let him come and work'), a Semitic-style coordination of motion-plus-action.
ἐργαζέσθωlet him workPres Mid Impv 3 Sg · ἐργάζομαιmain verb (third-person imperative summoning the skilled)→ durative present imperative (let him engage in the ongoing labor)ἐργάζομαι: 'work / labor / produce'; cognate with ἔργον; the present imperative ἐργαζέσθω commands the sustained labor of construction; renders יַעֲשֶׂה / יָבֹאוּ … וְעָשׂוּ; the verb governs the long inventory of vv. 11–19 as its accusative object.
πάνταall thingsAccusativedirect object of ἐργαζέσθω (antecedent of ὅσα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the neuter plural πάντα ('all things') is the comprehensive object — the workers are to make everything in the following inventory; correlated with ὅσα ('whatever').
ὅσαwhatever / as many asAccusativerelative pronoun (object of συνέταξεν, correlative with πάντα)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as / whatever'; the correlative πάντα ὅσα ('all things, as many as') is an emphatic totality-construction binding the workmanship strictly to the divine command — nothing more and nothing less than what the LORD ordained.
συνέταξενcommandedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of relative clause (the divine ordinance to be executed)→ constative aorist (the prior divine command)συντάσσω: 'order / command / arrange'; renders צִוָּה; the verb (cf. v. 4) repeatedly insists that the construction conform exactly to the LORD's instructions given on the mountain; obedient craftsmanship matches divine design.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the divine architect whose command the craftsmen execute.
11

τὴν σκηνὴν καὶ τὰ παραρρύματα καὶ τὰ καλύμματα καὶ τὰ διατόνια καὶ τοὺς μοχλοὺς καὶ τοὺς στύλους

the tent and its side-hangings and its coverings and its fastenings and its bars and its pillars,

Inventory of the sanctuary (first item): the tent and its structural partsτὴν σκηνὴν
The inventory of what the skilled are to make begins with the tent itself and its component parts: the side-hangings, the coverings, the fastenings/clasps, the bars, and the pillars. The list is a string of accusatives governed by ἐργαζέσθω (v. 10), each joined by καί. The compressed Greek enumeration corresponds to the more expansive MT list (Exod 35:11) but omits several items.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σκηνήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtent / tabernacleAccusativedirect object (first item of the inventory, object of ἐργαζέσθω)→ object specificationσκηνή: 'tent / dwelling / tabernacle'; renders מִשְׁכָּן ('dwelling') and אֹהֶל ('tent'); the central term for the portable sanctuary; its NT echo undergirds the theology of God's 'tabernacling' (cf. ἐσκήνωσεν, John 1:14; Rev 21:3).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with παραρρύματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραρρύματαside-hangings / curtainsAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationπαράρρυμα (pl. παραρρύματα): 'hanging / screen / side-curtain'; from παρά + ῥέω; denotes the hangings draped along the sides; in the LXX tabernacle vocabulary it renders the screening curtains of the structure (cf. 37:7 LXX).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with καλύμματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καλύμματαcoveringsAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationκάλυμμα (pl. καλύμματα): 'covering / veil'; from καλύπτω ('cover'); renders מִכְסֶה ('covering'); the protective outer coverings of the tent; the cognate verb καλύπτω underlies Paul's image of the veil over Israel's reading (2 Cor 3:13–16).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with διατόνια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διατόνιαfastenings / claspsAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationδιατόνιον (pl. διατόνια): 'fastening / connecting-piece / clasp'; a rare technical LXX term (from διατείνω, 'stretch through') for the connectors or stays that hold the tent's parts taut; renders the Hebrew קְרָסִים ('clasps') or related fittings in the structural vocabulary.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with μοχλούς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μοχλοὺςbarsAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationμοχλός (pl. μοχλούς): 'bar / crossbar'; renders בְּרִיחִם ('bars'); the wooden cross-bars that ran through the frames to hold the tent's walls rigid (cf. 26:26–29).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with στύλους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλουςpillars / postsAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationστῦλος (pl. στύλους): 'pillar / post / column'; renders עַמּוּדִים ('pillars'); the upright posts supporting the curtains of the tent and court; metaphorically στῦλος becomes an image of stability and office in the NT (Gal 2:9; 1 Tim 3:15; Rev 3:12).
12

καὶ τὴν κιβωτὸν τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ τοὺς ἀναφορεῖς αὐτῆς καὶ τὸ ἱλαστήριον αὐτῆς καὶ τὸ καταπέτασμα καὶ τὰ ἱστία τῆς αὐλῆς καὶ τοὺς στύλους αὐτῆς καὶ τοὺς λίθους τῆς σμαράγδου καὶ τὸ θυμίαμα καὶ τὸ ἔλαιον τοῦ χρίσματος

and the ark of the testimony and its carrying-poles and its mercy-seat and the veil, and the hangings of the court and its pillars and the emerald stones and the incense and the oil of anointing,

Inventory continued: the ark, the mercy-seat, the veil, the court, and the consecrated materialsκαὶ τὴν κιβωτὸν τοῦ μαρτυρίου
The inventory moves to the holiest objects: the ark of the testimony with its poles, its mercy-seat (ἱλαστήριον) and the veil, then the court hangings and pillars, the gemstones, and the consecrated incense and anointing oil. The Greek here compresses and reorders the MT material; the editorial marker [a] flags a point where the Old Greek diverges from / omits MT content. The ἱλαστήριον is theologically the most weighted item — the place of atonement.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing inventory)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with κιβωτόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτὸνark / chestAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationκιβωτός: 'box / chest / ark'; renders אֲרוֹן ('ark'); the gold-overlaid chest housing the tablets of the testimony, the most sacred object of the sanctuary; the same word renders Noah's תֵּבָה (Gen 6–8), linking the two great vessels of salvation.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof the testimonyGenitivegenitive (defining κιβωτόν: 'ark of the testimony')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony / witness'; renders עֵדוּת ('testimony'); the phrase ἡ κιβωτὸς τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('ark of the testimony') names the ark by its contents — the tablets that testify to the covenant; the related ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('tent of testimony') recurs in v. 21.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with ἀναφορεῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀναφορεῖςcarrying-poles / stavesAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationἀναφορεύς (pl. ἀναφορεῖς): 'carrying-pole / stave'; from ἀναφέρω ('carry up'); renders בַּדִּים ('poles'); the gold-overlaid poles passed through rings on the ark for transport (25:13–15), so that the holy object was never touched directly.
αὐτῆςof it / itsGenitivegenitive of possession (referring to κιβωτόν: 'its poles')→ relational specificationαὐτός: the feminine genitive αὐτῆς refers to ἡ κιβωτός (feminine); 'its poles' — belonging to the ark.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἱλαστήριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱλαστήριονmercy-seat / place of atonementAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationἱλαστήριον: 'place / means of propitiation; mercy-seat'; from ἱλάσκομαι ('propitiate / make atonement'); renders כַּפֹּרֶת, the gold cover of the ark where atonement-blood was sprinkled (Lev 16); theologically the most charged term in the inventory — Paul applies ἱλαστήριον to Christ at Rom 3:25, and Heb 9:5 names the mercy-seat in the sanctuary.
αὐτῆςof it / itsGenitivegenitive of possession (referring to κιβωτόν: 'its mercy-seat')→ relational specificationαὐτός: feminine genitive referring to the ark; the mercy-seat is reckoned as belonging to (sitting upon) the ark.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with καταπέτασμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταπέτασμαveil / curtainAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationκαταπέτασμα: 'veil / curtain (that hangs down)'; from καταπετάννυμι ('spread down'); renders פָּרֹכֶת, the inner veil separating the Holy Place from the Holy of Holies (26:31–33); its theological weight is immense — its tearing at the crucifixion (Matt 27:51) and its use in Heb 6:19; 10:20 make it a key NT image of access to God.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (following the editorial marker)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἱστία)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱστίαhangings / curtainsAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationἱστίον (pl. ἱστία): 'hanging / curtain / sail-cloth'; renders קְלָעִים ('hangings'); the linen screens enclosing the courtyard (27:9–15); the word's root sense ('something set up/woven') suits the suspended fabric panels of the court.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with αὐλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςcourt / courtyardGenitivegenitive (defining ἱστία: 'hangings of the court')→ relational specificationαὐλή: 'court / courtyard / enclosure'; renders חָצֵר ('court'); the open enclosure surrounding the tent, bounded by the linen hangings; the word later denotes the temple courts (cf. John 10:16, αὐλή as 'fold').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with στύλους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλουςpillarsAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationστῦλος (pl. στύλους): 'pillar / post'; here the posts of the courtyard from which the ἱστία were hung (27:10–17).
αὐτῆςof it / itsGenitivegenitive of possession (referring to αὐλῆς: 'its pillars')→ relational specificationαὐτός: feminine genitive referring to ἡ αὐλή; 'its pillars' — the posts belonging to the court.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with λίθους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λίθουςstonesAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationλίθος (pl. λίθους): 'stone'; here the precious gemstones (of emerald) destined for the priestly vestments; cf. vv. 9, 27.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σμαράγδου)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σμαράγδουof emeraldGenitivegenitive of material / quality (modifying λίθους: 'emerald stones')→ relational specificationσμάραγδος: 'emerald / green gemstone'; renders שֹׁהַם / a precious green stone; οἱ λίθοι τῆς σμαράγδου ('the emerald stones') are the engraved gems set in the ephod (cf. v. 27); the σμάραγδος appears among the foundation-stones of the New Jerusalem (Rev 21:19).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with θυμίαμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμίαμαincenseAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationθυμίαμα: 'incense / fragrant offering'; from θυμιάω ('burn incense'); renders קְטֹרֶת ('incense'); the compounded aromatic burned on the golden altar (30:34–38); its smoke becomes an image of the prayers of the saints (Rev 5:8; 8:3–4).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἔλαιον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλαιονoilAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; renders שֶׁמֶן ('oil'); here the specially compounded oil for anointing the sanctuary and its priests (30:22–33); anointing-oil signifies consecration and, by extension, the Spirit's setting-apart (cf. χρῖσμα, 1 John 2:20, 27).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with χρίσματος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρίσματοςof anointingGenitivegenitive (defining ἔλαιον: 'oil of anointing')→ relational specificationχρῖσμα: 'anointing / unguent'; from χρίω ('anoint'); the phrase τὸ ἔλαιον τοῦ χρίσματος ('the oil of anointing') renders שֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה; the cognate group χρίω / χρῖσμα / Χριστός links the consecrating oil to the title 'Anointed One' (Christ) and to the Spirit's anointing of believers.
13

καὶ τὴν τράπεζαν καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη αὐτῆς

and the table and all its vessels,

Inventory continued: the table and its vesselsκαὶ τὴν τράπεζαν
A brief item in the inventory: the table (of the presence/showbread) and all its accessories. The formula καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη αὐτῆς ('and all its vessels') recurs for the lampstand (v. 14) and the altar (v. 16), giving the compressed Greek list a rhythmic, formulaic shape.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing inventory)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with τράπεζαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τράπεζανtableAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationτράπεζα: 'table'; renders שֻׁלְחָן ('table'); the gold-overlaid table of the Presence on which the showbread (ἄρτοι τῆς προθέσεως) was set (25:23–30); stood in the Holy Place opposite the lampstand.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying σκεύη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the neuter plural πάντα with σκεύη forms the recurring formula 'all its vessels,' comprehending every accessory of the named furniture.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with σκεύη)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvessels / implementsAccusativedirect object (inventory item: 'its vessels')→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): 'vessel / implement / utensil'; renders כֵּלִים ('articles / utensils'); here the dishes, bowls, jars and incense-cups belonging to the table (25:29); the same word denoted the silver and gold vessels asked of the Egyptians (11:2).
αὐτῆςof it / itsGenitivegenitive of possession (referring to τράπεζαν: 'its vessels')→ relational specificationαὐτός: feminine genitive referring to ἡ τράπεζα; 'its vessels' — the accessories belonging to the table.
14

καὶ τὴν λυχνίαν τοῦ φωτὸς καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη αὐτῆς

and the lampstand of the light and all its vessels,

Inventory continued: the lampstand and its vesselsκαὶ τὴν λυχνίαν τοῦ φωτός
The lampstand 'of the light' (ἡ λυχνία τοῦ φωτός) with all its accessories continues the inventory, paired formulaically with the table (v. 13) and the altar (v. 16) by the repeated καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη. The lampstand stood in the Holy Place giving perpetual light.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing inventory)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with λυχνίαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λυχνίανlampstandAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationλυχνία: 'lampstand'; from λύχνος ('lamp'); renders מְנוֹרָה ('menorah'); the seven-branched gold lampstand of the Holy Place (25:31–40); a rich symbol later applied to the churches (Rev 1:12, 20) and to the two witnesses (Rev 11:4).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with φωτός)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωτὸςof the lightGenitivegenitive (defining λυχνίαν: 'lampstand of the light')→ relational specificationφῶς (gen. φωτός): 'light'; the phrase ἡ λυχνία τοῦ φωτός ('the lampstand of the light') names the menorah by its function — to bear the lamps that give light in the sanctuary (cf. 25:6; 27:20); the genitive is one of purpose/product.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying σκεύη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the recurring formula πάντα τὰ σκεύη αὐτῆς ('all its vessels') comprehends every accessory of the lampstand.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with σκεύη)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvessels / implementsAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): 'vessel / implement'; here the lamps, tongs (λαβίδες) and snuff-trays of the lampstand (25:38); renders כֵּלִים.
αὐτῆςof it / itsGenitivegenitive of possession (referring to λυχνίαν: 'its vessels')→ relational specificationαὐτός: feminine genitive referring to ἡ λυχνία; 'its vessels' — the accessories belonging to the lampstand.
16

καὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη αὐτοῦ

and the altar and all its vessels,

Inventory continued: the altar and its vessels (note absence of v. 15 in the Greek)καὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον
The altar with all its accessories continues the inventory. The Greek numbering jumps from v. 14 to v. 16 — there is no Greek verse 15, the MT material (the altar of incense and the bronze laver, etc.) being compressed or absent in the Old Greek. The formula πάντα τὰ σκεύη αὐτοῦ (here masculine, agreeing with τὸ θυσιαστήριον construed by sense) closes the trio of furniture-items.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing inventory)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with θυσιαστήριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar / place of sacrifice'; from θυσιάζω ('sacrifice'); a distinctively biblical-Greek coinage rendering מִזְבֵּחַ ('altar'), deliberately reserved in the LXX for legitimate Israelite altars (pagan altars being βωμός); here the altar of burnt offering (or of incense) with its implements.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying σκεύη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the third occurrence of the formula πάντα τὰ σκεύη, here closing the furniture-trio (table, lampstand, altar).
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with σκεύη)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvessels / implementsAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): 'vessel / implement'; here the pans, shovels, basins, forks and firepans of the altar (27:3); renders כֵּלִים.
αὐτοῦof it / itsGenitivegenitive of possession (referring to θυσιαστήριον: 'its vessels')→ relational specificationαὐτός: the neuter genitive αὐτοῦ refers to τὸ θυσιαστήριον; 'its vessels' — the accessories belonging to the altar.
19

καὶ τὰς στολὰς τὰς ἁγίας Ααρων τοῦ ἱερέως καὶ τὰς στολάς ἐν αἷς λειτουργήσουσιν ἐν αὐταῖς καὶ τοὺς χιτῶνας τοῖς υἱοῖς Ααρων τῆς ἱερατείας καὶ τὸ ἔλαιον τοῦ χρίσματος καὶ τὸ θυμίαμα τῆς συνθέσεως

and the holy vestments of Aaron the priest, and the vestments in which they shall minister, and the tunics for the sons of Aaron for the priesthood, and the oil of anointing and the incense of the compound.

Inventory concluded: the priestly vestments and consecrated materials (note absence of vv. 17–18)καὶ τὰς στολὰς τὰς ἁγίας Ααρων
The inventory closes with the priestly garments and the consecrated materials: the holy vestments of Aaron the high priest, the working vestments for ministry, the tunics for Aaron's sons for the priesthood, and again the anointing oil and the compounded incense. The Greek numbering passes from v. 16 to v. 19, with no Greek verses 17 or 18 (the MT's screen, court-gate hangings and pegs). The relative clause ἐν αἷς λειτουργήσουσιν ἐν αὐταῖς exhibits a Hebraizing resumptive pronoun ('in which they shall minister in them').
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing inventory)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with στολάς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὰςvestments / robesAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationστολή (pl. στολάς): 'robe / garment / vestment'; renders בִּגְדֵי (esp. בִּגְדֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ, 'holy garments'); the formal priestly vestments; the word later evokes festal or glorified robes (cf. the στολή given the prodigal, Luke 15:22; the white robes of Rev 7:9).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with ἁγίας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίαςholyAccusativeattributive adjective (second-attributive position: 'the holy vestments')→ object specificationἅγιος: 'holy / consecrated'; the feminine accusative plural ἁγίας in second-attributive position (τὰς στολὰς τὰς ἁγίας) renders בִּגְדֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ ('the holy garments'); the vestments are set apart for sacred service.
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of possession (indeclinable proper noun: 'Aaron's vestments')→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of Hebrew אַהֲרֹן; indeclinable in the LXX; the brother of Moses and first high priest (kind 'x', slotting as genitive of possession); the holy vestments belong to him as ὁ ἱερεύς.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἱερέως, in apposition to Ααρων)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέωςpriestGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ααρων ('Aaron the priest')→ relational specificationἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; the appositive ὁ ἱερεύς designates Aaron's office; the term anchors the whole NT theology of priesthood, fulfilled in Christ the great ἱερεύς (Heb 4:14–5:10).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with στολάς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολάςvestments / robesAccusativedirect object (inventory item: the ministry vestments)→ object specificationστολή (pl. στολάς): 'robe / vestment'; here the working garments in which the priests perform the liturgy, distinguished from (or specifying the use of) the 'holy vestments' just named.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (in which: relative clause)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (in which: relative clause).
αἷςwhichDativerelative pronoun (object of ἐν, antecedent στολάς)→ participant reference or interestὅς: relative pronoun; the feminine dative plural αἷς agrees with its antecedent στολάς; introduces the purpose-relative clause 'in which they shall minister.'
λειτουργήσουσινthey shall ministerFut Act Indic 3 Pl · λειτουργέωverb of relative clause (purpose: the use of the vestments)→ predictive future (the intended priestly service)λειτουργέω: 'perform public/cultic service / minister'; renders שֵׁרֵת ('serve / minister'); the source of 'liturgy'; in the LXX it denotes priestly cultic service; the future marks the vestments' intended function — they are made for ministering in; cf. the NT λειτουργ- word-group for Christ's heavenly ministry (Heb 8:2, 6).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (resumptive Hebraism: 'in them')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (resumptive Hebraism: 'in them').
αὐταῖςthemDativeresumptive pronoun (Hebraism, redundant with relative αἷς)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: the resumptive ἐν αὐταῖς ('in them') after the relative ἐν αἷς is a Hebraism rendering the Hebrew אֲשֶׁר … בָּהֶן ('which … in them'), where the resumptive pronoun is obligatory in Hebrew relative clauses but pleonastic in Greek; a clear translation-Greek signature.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with χιτῶνας)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χιτῶναςtunicsAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationχιτών (pl. χιτῶνας): 'tunic / undergarment'; renders כֻּתֳּנֹת ('tunics'); the linen tunics worn by Aaron's sons in priestly service (28:40); the word is famous from Christ's seamless χιτών (John 19:23).
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς, dative of advantage)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of advantage / recipient ('for the sons')→ sphere or referenceυἱός (dat. pl. υἱοῖς): 'son'; the tunics are made for the sons of Aaron, the priestly line; renders בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן.
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun, with υἱοῖς)→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of אַהֲרֹן; indeclinable; οἱ υἱοὶ Ααρων ('the sons of Aaron') is the standard designation of the priestly clan.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with ἱερατείας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερατείαςof the priesthoodGenitivegenitive of purpose / reference ('for the priesthood')→ relational specificationἱερατεία: 'priesthood / priestly office / priestly service'; from ἱερατεύω ('serve as priest'); renders כְּהֻנָּה ('priesthood'); the genitive marks the tunics' purpose — the exercise of the priestly office; cf. the contrast of priesthoods in Heb 7:11–24.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἔλαιον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλαιονoilAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; here again the anointing oil (cf. v. 12), repeated in the closing summary of consecrated materials; renders שֶׁמֶן.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with χρίσματος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρίσματοςof anointingGenitivegenitive (defining ἔλαιον: 'oil of anointing')→ relational specificationχρῖσμα: 'anointing / unguent'; from χρίω; τὸ ἔλαιον τοῦ χρίσματος ('the oil of anointing', cf. v. 12) renders שֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה; used to consecrate priests and the sanctuary furniture.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with θυμίαμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμίαμαincenseAccusativedirect object (inventory item)→ object specificationθυμίαμα: 'incense / fragrant offering'; here the compounded sacred incense, repeated from v. 12 in the closing list of consecrated materials; renders קְטֹרֶת.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with συνθέσεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συνθέσεωςof the compound / mixtureGenitivegenitive (defining θυμίαμα: 'incense of the compound')→ relational specificationσύνθεσις: 'composition / compound / mixture'; from συντίθημι ('put together'); τὸ θυμίαμα τῆς συνθέσεως ('the incense of the compound') renders קְטֹרֶת הַסַּמִּים, the specially blended aromatic incense (30:34–35); the genitive marks it as a prepared, compounded substance, not raw spice.
20

καὶ ἐξῆλθεν πᾶσα συναγωγὴ υἱῶν Ισραηλ ἀπὸ Μωυσῆ

And all the congregation of the sons of Israel went out from Moses.

Narrative pivot: the assembly departs to respond to the commandκαὶ ἐξῆλθεν πᾶσα συναγωγή
A narrative transition closing the command-section (vv. 4–19) and opening the people's response (vv. 21–29): the whole congregation 'went out from Moses' to gather and bring their offerings. The verb ἐξῆλθεν (singular with the collective πᾶσα συναγωγή) and the phrase ἀπὸ Μωυσῆ mark the move from hearing to doing.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθενwent outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (collective singular with πᾶσα συναγωγή)→ constative aorist (single completed departure)ἐξέρχομαι: 'go out / come out / depart'; the compound ἐξ- marks departure from Moses' presence; the singular verb with the collective subject πᾶσα συναγωγή is normal Greek concord; renders וַיֵּצְאוּ; the verse pivots from instruction to enactment.
πᾶσαallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying συναγωγή)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all / whole'; the feminine nominative πᾶσα agrees with συναγωγή; the totality-marker again stresses the whole community's participation, framing the response as comprehensive.
συναγωγὴcongregationNominativesubject→ participant prominenceσυναγωγή: 'congregation / assembly'; rendering עֵדָה; the same phrase πᾶσα συναγωγὴ υἱῶν Ισραηλ as in vv. 1, 4 forms an inclusio binding the command and the response.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive (defining συναγωγή)→ relational specificationυἱός (gen. pl. υἱῶν): 'son'; υἱῶν Ισραηλ ('of the sons of Israel') identifies the assembly as the covenant nation.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun, with υἱῶν)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable; the patriarchal name standing for the people.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source / separation)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source / separation).
ΜωυσῆMosesGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (point of departure: 'from Moses')→ relational specificationΜωυσῆς (gen. Μωυσῆ): transliteration of מֹשֶׁה; the genitive after ἀπό marks Moses as the presence from which the people departed to carry out the command.
21

καὶ ἤνεγκαν ἕκαστος ὧν ἔφερεν αὐτῶν ἡ καρδία καὶ ὅσοις ἔδοξεν τῇ ψυχῇ αὐτῶν ἤνεγκαν ἀφαίρεμα κυρίῳ εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔργα τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ εἰς πάντα τὰ κάτεργα αὐτῆς καὶ εἰς πάσας τὰς στολὰς τοῦ ἁγίου

And they brought, each one as his heart bore him, and as many as it seemed good to in their soul brought a contribution to the LORD for all the works of the tent of testimony and for all its service-furnishings and for all the holy vestments.

The people's response begins: heart-driven bringing of the offeringκαὶ ἤνεγκαν ἕκαστος
The response-section opens with the verb that will dominate it, ἤνεγκαν ('they brought', from φέρω), repeated like a refrain through vv. 21–29. The motive is again the willing heart: ἕκαστος ὧν ἔφερεν αὐτῶν ἡ καρδία ('each as his heart bore him') and ὅσοις ἔδοξεν τῇ ψυχῇ ('as many as it seemed good to in their soul'). The offering serves πάντα τὰ ἔργα τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου — all the work of the tent of testimony, its furnishings, and the holy vestments.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤνεγκανthey broughtAor Act Indic 3 Pl · φέρωmain verb (the people's bringing; leitmotif of vv. 21–29)→ constative aorist (the act of bringing the offering)φέρω (aor. ἤνεγκαν): 'bring / carry / bear'; the suppletive aorist of φέρω; this verb is the refrain of the response-section, occurring repeatedly in vv. 21–29 to describe the people's bringing of their gifts; renders הֵבִיאוּ; the plural verb with the collective/distributive ἕκαστος is a constructio ad sensum.
ἕκαστοςeach oneNominativesubject (distributive: 'each man')→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: 'each / every one'; distributive pronoun stressing individual, personal participation in the offering; renders אִישׁ ('each man').
ὧνof which thingsGenitiverelative pronoun (object of ἔφερεν, by attraction in genitive)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun; the genitive plural ὧν (by attraction to an implied antecedent) is the object of ἔφερεν; 'the things which his heart bore (impelled) him (to bring).'
ἔφερενbore / impelledImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · φέρωverb of relative clause (the heart's impulse)→ iterative/descriptive imperfect (the ongoing inner prompting)φέρω (impf. ἔφερεν): here in the idiom ἔφερεν αὐτῶν ἡ καρδία ('their heart bore/carried them'), a Hebraism for inner impulse (cf. נְשָׂאוֹ לִבּוֹ, 'his heart lifted/moved him'); the imperfect depicts the heart's prompting as the ongoing inner motive of the giving; the same idiom recurs at v. 29 (ὧν ἔφερεν ἡ διάνοια).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying ἡ καρδία)→ relational specificationαὐτός: the genitive plural αὐτῶν ('their') modifies ἡ καρδία; the constructio ad sensum (singular ἕκαστος → plural αὐτῶν) reflects the distributive sense 'each of them.'
ἡtheNominativearticle (with καρδία)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartNominativesubject of ἔφερεν (the impelling faculty)→ participant prominenceκαρδία: 'heart'; renders לֵב; here the heart is the personified subject that 'bears / moves' a person to give — the willing-heart motif central to the chapter and to the NT ideal of cheerful, uncompelled generosity (2 Cor 9:7).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅσοιςas many as / whoeverDativerelative pronoun (dative with ἔδοξεν: 'to as many as it seemed good')→ participant reference or interestὅσος: 'as many as / whoever'; the dative plural ὅσοις is governed by the impersonal ἔδοξεν ('it seemed good to whom'); introduces the second willing-heart clause paralleling ἕκαστος ὧν ἔφερεν.
ἔδοξενit seemed goodAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δοκέωimpersonal verb (with dative ὅσοις: 'to whom it seemed good')→ constative aorist (the inner resolve to give)δοκέω: 'seem / think good / resolve'; the impersonal ἔδοξεν + dative ('it seemed good to / they resolved') renders the Hebrew נְדָבָה / the willing impulse; the phrase ᾧ/οἷς ἔδοξεν τῇ διανοίᾳ recurs (vv. 22, 26) as the chapter's formula for voluntary, deliberate giving.
τῇin theDativearticle (with ψυχῇ, dative of sphere)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχῇsoulDativedative of sphere (the inner seat of resolve)→ sphere or referenceψυχή: 'soul / life / inner self'; renders נֶפֶשׁ; the dative τῇ ψυχῇ locates the resolve in the inner self (parallel to τῇ καρδίᾳ / τῇ διανοίᾳ elsewhere); the giving springs from the whole interior person.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying ψυχῇ)→ relational specificationαὐτός: genitive plural 'their', modifying ψυχῇ; 'in their soul.'
ἤνεγκανthey broughtAor Act Indic 3 Pl · φέρωmain verb (resumptive, governing ἀφαίρεμα)→ constative aorist (the completed bringing)φέρω (aor. ἤνεγκαν): the verb is repeated to resume the main clause after the willing-heart qualifiers, now governing its object ἀφαίρεμα; the repetition is characteristic of the section's insistent refrain of bringing.
ἀφαίρεμαcontributionAccusativedirect object of ἤνεγκαν→ object specificationἀφαίρεμα: 'contribution / set-apart portion'; renders תְּרוּמָה; the keyword of v. 5 now reappears as the object of the people's bringing — the command is being fulfilled.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (destination of the contribution)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of יהוה; the offering is brought 'to the LORD' — its Godward direction is reiterated throughout the section.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose: 'for all the works')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose: 'for all the works').
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔργα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the neuter plural πάντα with ἔργα stresses that the offering serves the whole construction-task without remainder.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἔργα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose: the works of the tent)→ object specificationἔργον (pl. ἔργα): 'work / labor / product'; renders מְלָאכָה ('work'); here the sacred construction-tasks of the tabernacle — the same word that denoted ordinary labor (vv. 2–3) now denotes the holy work to which the offering is devoted.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σκηνῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtent / tabernacleGenitivegenitive (defining ἔργα: 'works of the tent')→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; rendering מִשְׁכָּן / אֹהֶל; the phrase ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('tent of testimony', parallel to ἡ κιβωτὸς τοῦ μαρτυρίου of v. 12) is the standard LXX designation of the sanctuary as the place of God's witness-meeting with Israel.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof testimonyGenitivegenitive (defining σκηνῆς: 'tent of testimony')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony / witness'; renders עֵדוּת / מוֹעֵד; ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('the tent of testimony / meeting') is the LXX's regular name for the tabernacle as the locus of God's testimony and his appointed meeting with his people.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose, parallel)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose, parallel).
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying κάτεργα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; with κάτεργα, 'all its service-work / furnishings.'
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with κάτεργα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάτεργαservice-furnishings / fittingsAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose)→ object specificationκάτεργον (pl. κάτεργα): 'finished work / wrought furnishing / fitting'; a rare term (from κατεργάζομαι, 'work out / accomplish'); here the worked appurtenances or service-equipment of the tent; renders עֲבֹדָה ('service / labor / its equipment') in the sense of the wrought items needed for the sanctuary's functioning.
αὐτῆςof it / itsGenitivegenitive of possession (referring to σκηνῆς: 'its furnishings')→ relational specificationαὐτός: feminine genitive referring to ἡ σκηνή; 'its furnishings' — belonging to the tent.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose, parallel)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose, parallel).
πάσαςallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying στολάς)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the feminine accusative plural πάσας agrees with στολάς; 'for all the holy vestments.'
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with στολάς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὰςvestmentsAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose: the holy vestments)→ object specificationστολή (pl. στολάς): 'robe / vestment'; here the priestly garments (cf. v. 19), the third purpose to which the offering is devoted.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ἁγίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίουof the sanctuary / holy placeGenitivegenitive (defining στολάς: 'vestments of the holy place')→ relational specificationἅγιος: 'holy'; the substantivized neuter τὸ ἅγιον ('the sanctuary / holy place') renders הַקֹּדֶשׁ; αἱ στολαὶ τοῦ ἁγίου ('the vestments of the holy place') are the garments belonging to / used in the sanctuary service.
22

καὶ ἤνεγκαν οἱ ἄνδρες παρὰ τῶν γυναικῶν πᾶς ᾧ ἔδοξεν τῇ διανοίᾳ ἤνεγκαν σφραγῖδας καὶ ἐνώτια καὶ δακτυλίους καὶ ἐμπλόκια καὶ περιδέξια πᾶν σκεῦος χρυσοῦν καὶ πάντες ὅσοι ἤνεγκαν ἀφαιρέματα χρυσίου κυρίῳ

And the men brought, alongside the women — everyone to whom it seemed good in his mind brought — seals and earrings and rings and brooches and armlets, every golden article; and all who brought brought contributions of gold to the LORD.

The men's response: golden ornaments brought as contributionsκαὶ ἤνεγκαν οἱ ἄνδρες παρὰ τῶν γυναικῶν
The men, alongside the women (παρὰ τῶν γυναικῶν), bring their gold ornaments — seals, earrings, rings, brooches, armlets — every golden article. Again the willing-mind formula (πᾶς ᾧ ἔδοξεν τῇ διανοίᾳ) governs the giving. The catalogue of personal jewelry recalls the gold of the spoiling of Egypt (11:2; 12:35–36), now freely surrendered for the LORD's house. The verb ἤνεγκαν recurs three times in the verse.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤνεγκανbroughtAor Act Indic 3 Pl · φέρωmain verb (the men's bringing)→ constative aorist (the act of bringing)φέρω (aor. ἤνεγκαν): the section's refrain-verb, now with the men as subject; renders הֵבִיאוּ.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἄνδρες)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδρεςmenNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἀνήρ (pl. ἄνδρες): 'man / husband'; renders אֲנָשִׁים / הָאֲנָשִׁים; specifies the male contributors, set in parallel/contrast with the women (γυναικῶν) who follow.
παρὰalongside / frompreposition + genitive (accompaniment / source: 'along with the women')→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + genitive: here best taken as 'from beside / along with' — the men brought together with (or: the contributions came from beside) the women; the Hebrew (עַל הַנָּשִׁים) suggests 'in addition to / besides the women,' marking joint male-female participation.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with γυναικῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναικῶνwomenGenitivegenitive object of παρά→ relational specificationγυνή (gen. pl. γυναικῶν): 'woman / wife'; renders נָשִׁים; the women's joint participation in the offering is stressed — both sexes give, as both will work (vv. 25–26).
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubject (in apposition / resumptive: 'everyone to whom it seemed good')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'everyone'; resumes and universalizes the subject — every willing person; governs the willing-mind relative clause.
ᾧto whomDativerelative pronoun (dative with ἔδοξεν)→ participant reference or interestὅς: relative pronoun; the masculine dative singular ᾧ is governed by impersonal ἔδοξεν ('to whom it seemed good'); the willing-mind formula again.
ἔδοξενit seemed goodAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δοκέωimpersonal verb (with dative ᾧ: 'to whom it seemed good')→ constative aorist (the inner resolve to give)δοκέω: 'seem good / resolve'; the impersonal ἔδοξεν τῇ διανοίᾳ ('it seemed good in his mind / he resolved in his mind') is the chapter's recurring expression of voluntary giving (cf. vv. 21, 26); the giving is deliberate, not coerced.
τῇin theDativearticle (with διανοίᾳ, dative of sphere)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διανοίᾳmind / understandingDativedative of sphere (the seat of the resolve)→ sphere or referenceδιάνοια: 'mind / understanding / intention'; renders לֵב ('heart' in its intellective-volitional aspect); in this chapter διάνοια functions interchangeably with καρδία as the inner faculty of willing and of skill (cf. vv. 25, 34, 35); the dative locates the resolve in the mind.
ἤνεγκανthey broughtAor Act Indic 3 Pl · φέρωmain verb (resumptive, governing the list of ornaments)→ constative aorist (the completed bringing)φέρω (aor. ἤνεγκαν): repeated to resume the main clause and govern the catalogue of golden ornaments that follows.
σφραγῖδαςseals / signet-ringsAccusativedirect object (first ornament listed)→ object specificationσφραγίς (pl. σφραγῖδας): 'seal / signet'; renders חֹתָם ('seal'); the engraved signet, often worn as a ring, a personal item of value and identity; the σφραγίς-image carries rich NT freight (Eph 1:13; Rev 7:3).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνώτιαearringsAccusativedirect object (ornament listed)→ object specificationἐνώτιον (pl. ἐνώτια): 'earring'; from ἐν + οὖς ('in the ear'); renders נֶזֶם ('ring / earring'); the same kind of gold ornament given for the golden calf (32:2–3) is here redirected to the LORD's sanctuary — a pointed reversal.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δακτυλίουςringsAccusativedirect object (ornament listed)→ object specificationδακτύλιος (pl. δακτυλίους): 'finger-ring'; from δάκτυλος ('finger'); renders טַבַּעַת ('ring'); a finger-ring of gold; the δακτύλιος is the ring placed on the prodigal's hand (Luke 15:22).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμπλόκιαbrooches / hair-claspsAccusativedirect object (ornament listed)→ object specificationἐμπλόκιον (pl. ἐμπλόκια): 'braid-ornament / clasp / brooch'; from ἐμπλέκω ('plait / weave in'); a rare term for an ornament woven or clasped into the hair or garment; renders כּוּמָז ('ornament / clasp'), an item of personal gold finery.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιδέξιαarmlets / braceletsAccusativedirect object (ornament listed)→ object specificationπεριδέξιον (pl. περιδέξια): 'armlet / bracelet (worn on the [right] arm)'; from περί + δεξιός ('around the right'); a band worn on the wrist or upper arm; renders a term for a gold arm-ornament, completing the catalogue of personal jewelry.
πᾶνeveryAccusativeattributive adjective (summarizing: 'every golden article')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'every / all'; the neuter πᾶν σκεῦος χρυσοῦν ('every golden article') is a summarizing apposition gathering up the preceding list — any and every item of gold.
σκεῦοςarticle / vesselAccusativesummarizing apposition (direct object: 'every golden article')→ object specificationσκεῦος: 'vessel / article / object'; here generalizing 'every gold object'; renders כְּלִי ('article'); the same word used of the Egyptians' gold vessels (11:2), now consecrated.
χρυσοῦνgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying σκεῦος: 'golden article')→ object specificationχρυσοῦς: 'made of gold / golden'; contracted form of χρύσεος; renders זָהָב; specifies that the surrendered ornaments are gold, the most precious of the offering-materials.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallNominativesubject (with relative ὅσοι: 'all who')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; the masculine nominative plural πάντες with ὅσοι forms 'all those who' — a summarizing universal of the gold-givers.
ὅσοιas many as / whoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of the relative clause)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as many as'; the nominative plural ὅσοι ('all who') generalizes the gold-bringers; correlated with πάντες.
ἤνεγκανbroughtAor Act Indic 3 Pl · φέρωverb of relative clause (third occurrence in the verse)→ constative aorist (the act of bringing)φέρω (aor. ἤνεγκαν): the third ἤνεγκαν of the verse, here in the summarizing relative clause; the threefold repetition gives the verse a strongly cumulative rhythm of giving.
ἀφαιρέματαcontributionsAccusativedirect object of ἤνεγκαν→ object specificationἀφαίρεμα (pl. ἀφαιρέματα): 'contribution / set-apart portion'; renders תְּרוּמָה; the keyword (cf. vv. 5, 21) here in the plural, gathering up the many individual gold-gifts as the collective ἀφαίρεμα to the LORD.
χρυσίουof goldGenitivegenitive of material (modifying ἀφαιρέματα: 'contributions of gold')→ relational specificationχρυσίον: 'gold'; the genitive of material specifies the contributions as consisting of gold; renders זָהָב.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (destination of the contributions)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of יהוה; the gold contributions are brought 'to the LORD' — the Godward direction once more.
23

καὶ παρ᾿ ᾧ εὑρέθη βύσσος καὶ δέρματα ὑακίνθινα καὶ δέρματα κριῶν ἠρυθροδανωμένα ἤνεγκαν

And with whomever was found fine linen and blue-dyed skins and reddened ram-skins, they brought them.

The response continued: those possessing textiles and skins bring themκαὶ παρ᾿ ᾧ εὑρέθη βύσσος
The bringing continues with a different syntactic frame — παρ᾿ ᾧ εὑρέθη ('with whomever was found'), a Hebraizing relative construction marking possession. Those who possessed fine linen, blue-dyed skins, and reddened ram-skins (the materials of vv. 6–7) brought them. The passive εὑρέθη ('was found') depicts the materials as simply present among the people, ready to be offered.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρ᾿withpreposition + dative (possession: 'with whomever', elided)→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + dative: 'beside / with / in the possession of'; the construction παρ᾿ ᾧ εὑρέθη ('with whom was found') is a Hebraism (אֲשֶׁר נִמְצָא אִתּוֹ) marking possession — 'everyone who had.'
ᾧwhomDativerelative pronoun (dative object of παρά: 'with whom')→ participant reference or interestὅς: relative pronoun; the masculine dative singular ᾧ ('with whom') heads the possessive relative clause; the resumption is distributive ('each one with whom…').
εὑρέθηwas foundAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · εὑρίσκωverb of relative clause (passive: 'was found')→ constative aorist passive (the materials present in one's possession)εὑρίσκω (aor. pass. εὑρέθη): 'find'; the passive 'was found (with/by him)' renders נִמְצָא; the idiom marks possession without emphasizing acquisition — whoever happened to have these materials; the same construction recurs at v. 24 (παρ᾿ οἷς εὑρέθη).
βύσσοςfine linenNominativesubject of εὑρέθη (the material found)→ participant prominenceβύσσος: 'fine linen / byssus'; renders שֵׁשׁ; the costly white linen of v. 6, here among the materials people possessed and brought.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέρματαskinsNominativesubject of εὑρέθη (coordinate)→ participant prominenceδέρμα (pl. δέρματα): 'skin / hide'; here the blue-dyed skins, as in v. 7; the plural subject with the singular εὑρέθη reflects loose Greek concord (or distributive sense).
ὑακίνθιναdyed blueNominativeattributive adjective (modifying δέρματα: 'blue skins')→ participant prominenceὑακίνθινος: 'of hyacinth color / blue'; δέρματα ὑακίνθινα ('blue skins', cf. v. 7) — the blue-dyed hides for the tent covering.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέρματαskinsNominativesubject of εὑρέθη (coordinate)→ participant prominenceδέρμα (pl. δέρματα): 'skin / hide'; here the ram-skins, qualified as reddened.
κριῶνof ramsGenitivegenitive of material (modifying δέρματα: 'ram-skins')→ relational specificationκριός (gen. pl. κριῶν): 'ram'; δέρματα κριῶν ('ram-skins', cf. v. 7) — the rams' hides for the tent covering.
ἠρυθροδανωμέναdyed red / reddenedPerf Pass Ptcp Nom Neut Pl · ἐρυθροδανόωattributive participle (modifying δέρματα κριῶν: 'reddened ram-skins')→ resultative perfect participle (the skins in their dyed state)ἐρυθροδανόω: 'dye red with madder'; the perfect passive participle (cf. v. 7) renders מְאָדָּמִים; the reddened ram-skins are among the materials the people possessed and offered.
ἤνεγκανthey broughtAor Act Indic 3 Pl · φέρωmain verb (closing the verse: the act of bringing)→ constative aorist (the completed bringing)φέρω (aor. ἤνεγκαν): the refrain-verb closes the verse; those who possessed the textiles and skins brought them — the willing surrender of one's own goods continues.
24

καὶ πᾶς ὁ ἀφαιρῶν ἀφαίρεμα ἀργύριον καὶ χαλκὸν ἤνεγκαν τὰ ἀφαιρέματα κυρίῳ καὶ παρ᾿ οἷς εὑρέθη ξύλα ἄσηπτα εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔργα τῆς κατασκευῆς ἤνεγκαν

And everyone setting apart a contribution of silver and bronze brought the contributions to the LORD; and those with whom was found incorruptible wood for all the works of the construction brought them.

The response continued: the metal- and wood-giversκαὶ πᾶς ὁ ἀφαιρῶν ἀφαίρεμα
The bringing continues with the metals and timber. The figura etymologica ὁ ἀφαιρῶν ἀφαίρεμα ('the one setting apart a contribution') foregrounds the keyword. Those who set apart silver and bronze brought their contributions; those who possessed acacia wood (παρ᾿ οἷς εὑρέθη ξύλα ἄσηπτα, echoing v. 23) brought it for all the works of the construction (τῆς κατασκευῆς). The refrain ἤνεγκαν again frames and closes.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubject (with substantival participle ὁ ἀφαιρῶν)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'everyone'; with the articular participle, 'everyone who sets apart' — universalizing the metal-givers; the singular πᾶς again governs a plural verb (ἤνεγκαν) by sense.
ὁthe (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing ἀφαιρῶν)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφαιρῶνsetting apart / contributingPres Act Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · ἀφαιρέωsubstantival participle (subject: 'the one setting apart a contribution')→ characterizing present participle (the act of setting apart)ἀφαιρέω: 'take away / remove / set apart'; the participle ὁ ἀφαιρῶν with its cognate object ἀφαίρεμα forms a figura etymologica ('the one setting-apart a set-apart-portion'), highlighting the technical sense of the offering as material 'taken off' from one's goods and devoted to God.
ἀφαίρεμαcontributionAccusativecognate accusative (object of ἀφαιρῶν)→ object specificationἀφαίρεμα: 'contribution / set-apart portion'; the cognate accusative with ἀφαιρῶν; renders תְּרוּמָה; the keyword recurs (cf. vv. 5, 21, 22).
ἀργύριονsilverAccusativeaccusative of specification (the material of the contribution)→ object specificationἀργύριον: 'silver'; renders כֶּסֶף; here in apposition to the ἀφαίρεμα, specifying its substance.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χαλκὸνbronzeAccusativeaccusative of specification (coordinate with ἀργύριον)→ object specificationχαλκός: 'bronze / copper'; renders נְחֹשֶׁת; the silver-and-bronze pairing (cf. v. 5) names the lesser metals offered for the structure and court.
ἤνεγκανthey broughtAor Act Indic 3 Pl · φέρωmain verb (governing τὰ ἀφαιρέματα)→ constative aorist (the completed bringing)φέρω (aor. ἤνεγκαν): the refrain-verb; the metal-givers 'brought the contributions to the LORD.'
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφαιρέματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφαιρέματαcontributionsAccusativedirect object of ἤνεγκαν→ object specificationἀφαίρεμα (pl. ἀφαιρέματα): 'contribution'; the keyword in the plural, now as object — the silver-and-bronze gifts collectively brought.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (destination)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of יהוה; the contributions are brought 'to the LORD.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρ᾿withpreposition + dative (possession: 'with whom', elided)→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + dative: 'with / in the possession of'; παρ᾿ οἷς εὑρέθη ('with whom was found'), the same possessive Hebraism as v. 23, here in the plural.
οἷςwhomDativerelative pronoun (dative object of παρά: 'with whom')→ participant reference or interestὅς: relative pronoun; the dative plural οἷς ('with whom') heads the possessive relative clause for the wood-givers.
εὑρέθηwas foundAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · εὑρίσκωverb of relative clause (passive: 'was found')→ constative aorist passive (the wood present in one's possession)εὑρίσκω (aor. pass. εὑρέθη): 'find'; 'with whom was found (acacia wood)' — the same possessive idiom as v. 23; renders נִמְצָא.
ξύλαwood / timbersNominativesubject of εὑρέθη (the material found)→ participant prominenceξύλον (pl. ξύλα): 'wood / timber'; here the acacia timber (cf. v. 7) possessed by some and offered.
ἄσηπταincorruptible / rot-proofNominativeattributive adjective (modifying ξύλα: 'incorruptible wood')→ participant prominenceἄσηπτος: 'not liable to rot / incorruptible'; ξύλα ἄσηπτα ('incorruptible wood', cf. v. 7) — the LXX's rendering of acacia, the durable timber for the sanctuary frames and furniture.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose: 'for all the works')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose: 'for all the works').
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔργα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; with ἔργα, 'for all the works' of the construction.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἔργα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose)→ object specificationἔργον (pl. ἔργα): 'work / task'; renders מְלָאכָה; the construction-tasks for which the wood is needed.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with κατασκευῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατασκευῆςof the construction / buildingGenitivegenitive (defining ἔργα: 'works of the construction')→ relational specificationκατασκευή: 'construction / building / equipment / preparation'; from κατασκευάζω ('construct / prepare'); the genitive τῆς κατασκευῆς ('of the construction') denotes the whole building-project of the tabernacle; the cognate verb describes Moses' faithful 'construction' of the house in Heb 3:3–4.
ἤνεγκανthey broughtAor Act Indic 3 Pl · φέρωmain verb (closing the verse: the act of bringing)→ constative aorist (the completed bringing)φέρω (aor. ἤνεγκαν): the refrain-verb closes the verse, as in v. 23; the wood-possessors brought their timber for the building.
25

καὶ πᾶσα γυνὴ σοφὴ τῇ διανοίᾳ ταῖς χερσὶν νήθειν ἤνεγκαν νενησμένα τὴν ὑάκινθον καὶ τὴν πορφύραν καὶ τὸ κόκκινον καὶ τὴν βύσσον

And every woman wise in mind to spin with her hands brought spun materials: the blue and the purple and the scarlet and the fine linen.

The women's skilled labor: spinning the dyed yarnsκαὶ πᾶσα γυνὴ σοφὴ τῇ διανοίᾳ
The women contribute not only goods but skilled work: every woman σοφὴ τῇ διανοίᾳ ('wise of mind') with the gift of spinning by hand brought spun materials — the blue, purple, scarlet and linen of v. 6. The 'wisdom of mind' that qualifies the male craftsmen (v. 10) is here predicated of the women, dignifying their textile artistry as the same God-given σοφία. The infinitive νήθειν specifies the skill; the perfect participle νενησμένα marks the finished, spun state of what they bring.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαeveryNominativeattributive adjective (modifying γυνή)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every / all'; the feminine nominative πᾶσα with γυνή universalizes the skilled women — every woman with the gift took part.
γυνὴwomanNominativesubject (collective, with plural verb ἤνεγκαν)→ participant prominenceγυνή: 'woman / wife'; renders אִשָּׁה; the women's skilled labor is here highlighted; the singular subject with plural verb (ἤνεγκαν) is constructio ad sensum.
σοφὴwise / skilledNominativeattributive / predicate adjective (modifying γυνή: 'wise of mind')→ participant prominenceσοφός (fem. σοφή): 'wise / skilled'; renders חַכְמַת לֵב ('wise of heart'); the phrase γυνὴ σοφὴ τῇ διανοίᾳ ('a woman wise of mind') applies to the women the same inspired-craft vocabulary used of the master-builders, affirming their work as God-given skill.
τῇin theDativearticle (with διανοίᾳ, dative of respect)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διανοίᾳmind / understandingDativedative of respect / sphere ('wise in mind')→ sphere or referenceδιάνοια: 'mind / understanding'; renders לֵב; the dative of respect τῇ διανοίᾳ ('in mind') locates the women's skill in the same inner faculty as the craftsmen's wisdom (cf. v. 10 τῇ καρδίᾳ).
ταῖςwith theDativearticle (with χερσίν, dative of means)→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερσὶνhandsDativedative of means / instrument ('with their hands')→ sphere or referenceχείρ (dat. pl. χερσίν): 'hand'; the dative of means ταῖς χερσίν ('with the hands') stresses the manual, hands-on character of the spinning craft; renders בְּיָדֶיהָ.
νήθεινto spinPres Act Infin · νήθωepexegetic infinitive (defining the skill: 'wise … to spin')→ durative present infinitive (the activity of spinning)νήθω: 'spin (thread)'; renders טָוָה ('spin'); the epexegetic infinitive specifies the content of the women's wisdom — the skill of spinning; cognate with the διανενησμένον / νενησμένα participles describing the spun yarn.
ἤνεγκανthey broughtAor Act Indic 3 Pl · φέρωmain verb (the women's bringing)→ constative aorist (the completed bringing)φέρω (aor. ἤνεγκαν): the refrain-verb, here with the skilled women as subject; they brought the yarn they had spun.
νενησμέναspun materialsPerf Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · νήθωsubstantival participle (direct object: 'the spun things')→ resultative perfect participle (the finished, spun yarn)νήθω (perf. pass. ptcp.): the neuter plural νενησμένα ('spun things / spun materials') is substantival, the object of ἤνεγκαν; the perfect marks the completed spinning; the women brought the yarn already worked into thread, ready for weaving.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ὑάκινθον)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑάκινθονblue / hyacinthAccusativeaccusative in apposition to νενησμένα (the spun blue)→ object specificationὑάκινθος: 'hyacinth / blue (yarn)'; renders תְּכֵלֶת; the first of the spun dyed-wool colors (cf. v. 6), here as the worked product of the women's spinning.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with πορφύραν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πορφύρανpurpleAccusativeaccusative in apposition to νενησμένα (the spun purple)→ object specificationπορφύρα: 'purple (yarn)'; renders אַרְגָּמָן; the second spun color (cf. v. 6).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with κόκκινον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κόκκινονscarletAccusativeaccusative in apposition to νενησμένα (the spun scarlet)→ object specificationκόκκινος: 'scarlet (yarn)'; renders תּוֹלַעַת שָׁנִי; the third spun color (cf. v. 6).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with βύσσον)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βύσσονfine linenAccusativeaccusative in apposition to νενησμένα (the spun linen)→ object specificationβύσσος: 'fine linen'; renders שֵׁשׁ; the fourth spun material (cf. v. 6); together the four constitute the threads for the sanctuary's woven fabrics and the priestly garments.
26

καὶ πᾶσαι αἱ γυναῖκες αἷς ἔδοξεν τῇ διανοίᾳ αὐτῶν ἐν σοφίᾳ ἔνησαν τὰς τρίχας τὰς αἰγείας

And all the women to whom it seemed good in their mind, in wisdom, spun the goats' hair.

The women's skilled labor continued: spinning the goats' hairκαὶ πᾶσαι αἱ γυναῖκες
A parallel notice: the women whose mind moved them (αἷς ἔδοξεν τῇ διανοίᾳ) spun, ἐν σοφίᾳ ('in/with wisdom'), the goats' hair (the coarse fiber of v. 6) for the tent's outer curtains. The willing-mind formula (ἔδοξεν τῇ διανοίᾳ) and the σοφία-vocabulary again join voluntary disposition and God-given skill. The verb ἔνησαν (from νήθω) matches the spinning theme of v. 25.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαιallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying γυναῖκες)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; the feminine nominative plural πᾶσαι with γυναῖκες embraces all the willing, skilled women.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with γυναῖκες)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκεςwomenNominativesubject→ participant prominenceγυνή (pl. γυναῖκες): 'woman'; renders נָשִׁים; the female spinners, here working the goats' hair.
αἷςto whomDativerelative pronoun (dative with ἔδοξεν)→ participant reference or interestὅς: relative pronoun; the feminine dative plural αἷς ('to whom') governed by impersonal ἔδοξεν; the willing-mind formula once more.
ἔδοξενit seemed goodAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δοκέωimpersonal verb (with dative αἷς: 'to whom it seemed good')→ constative aorist (the inner resolve)δοκέω: 'seem good / resolve'; ἔδοξεν τῇ διανοίᾳ ('it seemed good in the mind') is the chapter's recurring willing-mind formula (cf. vv. 21, 22), here motivating the women's labor.
τῇin theDativearticle (with διανοίᾳ, dative of sphere)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διανοίᾳmind / understandingDativedative of sphere (the seat of resolve)→ sphere or referenceδιάνοια: 'mind / understanding'; renders לֵב; the dative locates the resolve in the inner faculty; the women act both willingly and skillfully.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying διανοίᾳ)→ relational specificationαὐτός: genitive plural 'their', modifying διανοίᾳ; 'in their mind.'
ἐνin / withpreposition + dative (manner / means: 'in wisdom')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (manner / means: 'in wisdom').
σοφίᾳwisdom / skillDativedative object of ἐν (manner: 'with wisdom / skill')→ sphere or referenceσοφία: 'wisdom / skill'; renders חָכְמָה; in the tabernacle texts σοφία is practical craft-wisdom; ἐν σοφίᾳ ('in/with skill') marks the women's spinning as expert artistry, the same σοφία that fills Bezalel (v. 31).
ἔνησανthey spunAor Act Indic 3 Pl · νήθωmain verb (the act of spinning)→ constative aorist (the completed spinning)νήθω (aor. ἔνησαν): 'spin'; renders טָווּ; the same verb as the infinitive νήθειν (v. 25); the women spun the coarse goats' hair into thread for the tent's outer covering.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with τρίχας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίχαςhairAccusativedirect object of ἔνησαν→ object specificationθρίξ (pl. τρίχας): 'hair'; here the goats' hair (cf. v. 6) spun for the coarse outer curtains of the tent (26:7).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with αἰγείας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰγείαςof goats / goat-Accusativeattributive adjective (second-attributive: 'the goats' hair')→ object specificationαἴγειος: 'of a goat'; τὰς τρίχας τὰς αἰγείας ('the goats' hair', cf. v. 6) in second-attributive position; the coarse fiber for the tent covering, here spun by the women in wisdom.
27

καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες ἤνεγκαν τοὺς λίθους τῆς σμαράγδου καὶ τοὺς λίθους τῆς πληρώσεως εἰς τὴν ἐπωμίδα καὶ εἰς τὸ λογεῖον

And the rulers brought the emerald stones and the stones of setting for the ephod and for the breastpiece,

The rulers' contribution: the precious stones for the priestly vestmentsκαὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες ἤνεγκαν
The leaders (οἱ ἄρχοντες) bring the most precious items: the emerald stones and the 'stones of setting / filling' (λίθοι τῆς πληρώσεως) destined for the ephod and the breastpiece (λογεῖον). The contribution moves up the social scale — from the people generally to the rulers — and up the value scale, to the engraved gemstones of the high-priestly regalia. The verb ἤνεγκαν continues the refrain.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἄρχοντες)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςrulers / leadersNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἄρχων (pl. ἄρχοντες): 'ruler / leader / chief'; from ἄρχω ('rule'); renders נְשִׂיאִם ('chiefs / tribal leaders'); the tribal heads, who fittingly supply the most precious gemstones for the high-priestly vestments.
ἤνεγκανbroughtAor Act Indic 3 Pl · φέρωmain verb (the rulers' bringing)→ constative aorist (the completed bringing)φέρω (aor. ἤνεγκαν): the refrain-verb, here with the rulers as subject; they brought the gemstones for the priestly garments.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with λίθους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λίθουςstonesAccusativedirect object of ἤνεγκαν→ object specificationλίθος (pl. λίθους): 'stone'; here the precious emerald gemstones (cf. vv. 9, 12).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σμαράγδου)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σμαράγδουof emeraldGenitivegenitive of material / quality (modifying λίθους: 'emerald stones')→ relational specificationσμάραγδος: 'emerald / green gemstone'; renders שֹׁהַם; οἱ λίθοι τῆς σμαράγδου ('the emerald stones', cf. v. 12) set on the shoulder-pieces of the ephod.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with λίθους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λίθουςstonesAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationλίθος (pl. λίθους): 'stone'; the second set, the 'stones of setting / filling' for the breastpiece.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with πληρώσεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πληρώσεωςof setting / of fillingGenitivegenitive (defining λίθους: 'stones of setting')→ relational specificationπλήρωσις: 'filling / setting (of a stone in its mount)'; from πληρόω ('fill'); οἱ λίθοι τῆς πληρώσεως ('the setting-stones / stones of filling') renders אַבְנֵי מִלֻּאִים ('stones of setting / mounting'), the gems mounted in gold settings (filigree) on the breastpiece (28:17–20); the genitive denotes their function.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose / destination)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose / destination).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ἐπωμίδα)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπωμίδαephod / shoulder-pieceAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (destination of the stones)→ object specificationἐπωμίς: 'shoulder-piece / ephod'; rendering אֵפוֹד; the high-priestly vestment bearing the engraved gemstones (cf. v. 9; 28:6–14).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose / destination, parallel)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose / destination, parallel).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with λογεῖον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λογεῖονbreastpiece / oracle-pouchAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (parallel to ἐπωμίδα)→ object specificationλογεῖον (also λόγιον): 'breastpiece / place of the oracle'; from λόγος (and associated with λόγιον, 'oracle'); the LXX's rendering of חֹשֶׁן ('breastpiece'), the pouch worn over the ephod holding the twelve engraved stones and the Urim and Thummim (28:15–30); the Greek name reflects its role as the seat of oracular judgment (τὸ λογεῖον τῆς κρίσεως, 28:15).
28

καὶ τὰς συνθέσεις καὶ τὸ ἔλαιον τῆς χρίσεως καὶ τὴν σύνθεσιν τοῦ θυμιάματος

and the compounds and the oil of anointing and the compound of the incense.

The rulers' contribution concluded: the spices, anointing oil, and incenseκαὶ τὰς συνθέσεις
The rulers' gifts conclude with the aromatic compounds: the spice-mixtures (συνθέσεις), the oil of anointing, and the compounded incense. These are the consecrated materials of v. 12 / v. 19, now supplied. The cognate pair συνθέσεις … σύνθεσιν frames the verse, denoting the prepared, blended substances of the sanctuary's ritual.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing the rulers' gifts)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with συνθέσεις)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συνθέσειςcompounds / spice-mixturesAccusativedirect object (governed by ἤνεγκαν of v. 27)→ object specificationσύνθεσις (pl. συνθέσεις): 'composition / compound / mixture'; from συντίθημι; here the prepared aromatic spice-mixtures; renders בְּשָׂמִים ('spices') in the sense of compounded aromatics for the oil and incense (cf. 30:23–25, 34–35).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἔλαιον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλαιονoilAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; renders שֶׁמֶן; here the anointing oil, supplied by the rulers (cf. vv. 12, 19).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with χρίσεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρίσεωςof anointingGenitivegenitive (defining ἔλαιον: 'oil of anointing')→ relational specificationχρῖσις: 'anointing / smearing'; from χρίω ('anoint'); τὸ ἔλαιον τῆς χρίσεως ('the oil of anointing', a variant of τοῦ χρίσματος in vv. 12, 19) renders שֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה; the consecrating oil for priests and furniture.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σύνθεσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σύνθεσινcompound / mixtureAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationσύνθεσις: 'composition / compound'; here the singular ἡ σύνθεσις τοῦ θυμιάματος ('the compound of the incense', cf. τὸ θυμίαμα τῆς συνθέσεως, v. 19); the blended sacred incense; the cognate frame συνθέσεις … σύνθεσιν marks these as carefully compounded ritual substances.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with θυμιάματος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμιάματοςof the incenseGenitivegenitive (defining σύνθεσιν: 'compound of the incense')→ relational specificationθυμίαμα: 'incense'; renders קְטֹרֶת; the genitive specifies the compound as that of the sacred incense (cf. vv. 12, 19); the carefully blended aromatic burned on the golden altar.
29

καὶ πᾶς ἀνὴρ καὶ γυνή ὧν ἔφερεν ἡ διάνοια αὐτῶν εἰσελθόντας ποιεῖν πάντα τὰ ἔργα ὅσα συνέταξεν κύριος ποιῆσαι αὐτὰ διὰ Μωυσῆ ἤνεγκαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ἀφαίρεμα κυρίῳ

And every man and woman whose mind moved them to come in to do all the works that the LORD had commanded to be done through Moses — the sons of Israel brought a freewill contribution to the LORD.

Summary of the people's response: the comprehensive freewill offeringκαὶ πᾶς ἀνὴρ καὶ γυνή
The response-section closes with a summary: every man and woman whose mind moved them (ὧν ἔφερεν ἡ διάνοια αὐτῶν, echoing v. 21) came to do all the LORD's commanded work, and the sons of Israel brought a freewill ἀφαίρεμα to the LORD. The verse gathers up the whole movement of vv. 20–28 and stamps it as voluntary (the willing-mind motif) and obedient (ὅσα συνέταξεν κύριος … διὰ Μωυσῆ). This heart-moved generosity is the OT prototype of the NT ἱλαρὸς δότης (2 Cor 9:7).
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (summary)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςeveryNominativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀνήρ)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every / all'; πᾶς ἀνὴρ καὶ γυνή ('every man and woman') universalizes the response across both sexes, gathering up the male givers (v. 22) and the female workers (vv. 25–26).
ἀνὴρmanNominativesubject (with γυνή)→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man'; renders אִישׁ; here paired with γυνή to express totality of participation — every Israelite, male and female alike.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γυνήwomanNominativesubject (coordinate with ἀνήρ)→ participant prominenceγυνή: 'woman'; renders אִשָּׁה; the man-and-woman pairing is a merism for the whole community's voluntary participation.
ὧνof which thingsGenitiverelative pronoun (object of ἔφερεν, genitive by attraction)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun; the genitive plural ὧν (by attraction) is the object of ἔφερεν; 'the things which their mind impelled (them to bring/do)' — the same idiom as v. 21.
ἔφερενmoved / impelledImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · φέρωverb of relative clause (the mind's impulse)→ descriptive imperfect (the ongoing inner prompting)φέρω (impf. ἔφερεν): in the idiom ἔφερεν ἡ διάνοια αὐτῶν ('their mind bore/moved them'), parallel to ἔφερεν ἡ καρδία of v. 21; the imperfect depicts the inner prompting as the sustained motive of the giving and the working.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with διάνοια)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διάνοιαmind / understandingNominativesubject of ἔφερεν (the impelling faculty)→ participant prominenceδιάνοια: 'mind / understanding / disposition'; renders לֵב; here the personified subject that 'moves' a person to act — the willing-mind motif (cf. καρδία, v. 21); the inner faculty is the spring of both generosity and skilled service.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying διάνοια)→ relational specificationαὐτός: genitive plural 'their', modifying διάνοια; 'their mind.'
εἰσελθόνταςhaving come inAor Act Ptcp Acc Masc Pl · εἰσέρχομαιcircumstantial participle (accusative, with the implied subject of ποιεῖν)→ antecedent aorist participle (the coming-in that precedes the working)εἰσέρχομαι (aor. ptcp.): 'come in / enter'; the accusative plural participle εἰσελθόντας ('having come in') governs the following infinitive ποιεῖν ('to do'); the case-shift to accusative (after the nominative ἀνὴρ καὶ γυνή) is a slight anacoluthon, the participle agreeing with the implied subject of the infinitive; the sense: they came forward to do the work.
ποιεῖνto doPres Act Infin · ποιέωinfinitive of purpose ('came in to do')→ durative present infinitive (the ongoing work)ποιέω: 'do / make'; the present infinitive of purpose expresses why they came in — to perform the work; the present aspect fits the sustained labor of construction.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔργα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; πάντα τὰ ἔργα ('all the works') comprehends the whole task commanded by the LORD.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἔργα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksAccusativedirect object of ποιεῖν (antecedent of ὅσα)→ object specificationἔργον (pl. ἔργα): 'work / task'; renders מְלָאכָה; the construction-tasks of the sanctuary, correlated with ὅσα συνέταξεν κύριος.
ὅσαas many as / whateverAccusativerelative pronoun (object of συνέταξεν, correlative with πάντα)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as many as / whatever'; πάντα … ὅσα ('all things, as many as') binds the work strictly to the divine command (cf. v. 10).
συνέταξενcommandedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of relative clause (the divine command)→ constative aorist (the prior ordinance)συντάσσω: 'order / command'; renders צִוָּה; the verb reiterates (cf. vv. 1, 4, 10) that all the work conforms to the LORD's command — obedience matches design.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of יהוה; the divine commander whose ordinance the work fulfills.
ποιῆσαιto do / to be doneAor Act Infin · ποιέωcomplementary infinitive (with συνέταξεν: 'commanded to be done')→ telic aorist infinitive (the commanded action)ποιέω: 'do / make'; the aorist infinitive complements συνέταξεν ('commanded … to do/be done'); renders the Hebrew infinitive construct לַעֲשֹׂת; the doubling ποιεῖν … ποιῆσαι frames the verse around the verb of making.
αὐτὰthemAccusativeaccusative object of ποιῆσαι (the works to be done)→ participant referenceαὐτός: the neuter plural αὐτά refers to τὰ ἔργα; 'to do them' — the commanded works.
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (agency / mediation: 'through Moses')→ spatial or relational framingδιά + genitive: 'through / by means of'; marks Moses as the mediator through whom the LORD's command was given; the phrasing διὰ Μωυσῆ underscores Moses' mediatorial role (cf. the NT contrast, 'the law was given through Moses', John 1:17; ὁ νόμος διὰ Μωυσέως).
ΜωυσῆMosesGenitivegenitive object of διά (the mediator)→ relational specificationΜωυσῆς (gen. Μωυσῆ): transliteration of מֹשֶׁה; the genitive after διά marks Moses as the human channel of the divine command.
ἤνεγκανbroughtAor Act Indic 3 Pl · φέρωmain verb (the summarizing bringing)→ constative aorist (the completed offering)φέρω (aor. ἤνεγκαν): the refrain-verb in its final summarizing occurrence; 'the sons of Israel brought a contribution to the LORD' — closing the response-section on its dominant note of willing generosity.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (resumptive: 'the sons of Israel')→ participant prominenceυἱός (pl. υἱοί): 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ('the sons of Israel') is the resumptive subject summarizing the whole community as the bringers of the offering.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun, with υἱοί)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable; the covenant people as the corporate offerer.
ἀφαίρεμαcontribution / freewill offeringAccusativedirect object of ἤνεγκαν→ object specificationἀφαίρεμα: 'contribution / set-apart portion'; renders נְדָבָה ('freewill offering') here; the keyword (cf. vv. 5, 21, 22, 24) closes the response-section, summing up the whole voluntary collection as one great ἀφαίρεμα to the LORD.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (destination of the offering)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of יהוה; the offering's Godward destination, reiterated one final time.
30

καὶ εἶπεν Μωυσῆς τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ ἰδοὺ ἀνακέκληκεν ὁ θεὸς ἐξ ὀνόματος τὸν Βεσελεηλ τὸν τοῦ Ουριου τὸν Ωρ ἐκ φυλῆς Ιουδα

And Moses said to the sons of Israel, 'Behold, God has called by name Bezalel, the son of Uri, the son of Hur, from the tribe of Judah,'

New speech: Moses announces the divinely appointed craftsmenκαὶ εἶπεν Μωυσῆς τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ
A fresh speech-introduction opens the final section (vv. 30–35): Moses announces God's appointment of the chief craftsman. The presentational ἰδού ('behold') and the perfect ἀνακέκληκεν ('has called') with ἐξ ὀνόματος ('by name') give the calling solemn, settled force. Bezalel is fully identified by patronymic and tribe (of Judah), grounding the inspired craft in a specific, named individual.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introducing)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: 'say'; the aorist εἶπεν opens Moses' announcement of the divinely chosen artisans, parallel to the speech-openings of vv. 1, 4.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: transliteration of מֹשֶׁה; the mediator announcing God's appointment of Bezalel.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς, dative of indirect object)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative indirect object (the addressees)→ sphere or referenceυἱός (dat. pl. υἱοῖς): 'son'; τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ ('to the sons of Israel') as recipients of the announcement.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun, with υἱοῖς)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable; the covenant people as Moses' audience.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentational particle (attention-marker)→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold / look'; a fixed presentational particle (originally the aor. mid. impv. of εἶδον), rendering הִנֵּה; it arrests attention and introduces the significant announcement of Bezalel's divine appointment.
ἀνακέκληκενhas called / has summoned by namePerf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνακαλέωmain verb of the announcement (perfect of settled state)→ resultative perfect (the calling stands as an accomplished, abiding appointment)ἀνακαλέω: 'call out / summon / designate by name'; the compound ἀνα- suggests a calling-up / public designation; the perfect ἀνακέκληκεν marks the calling as a completed act with abiding result — Bezalel stands divinely commissioned; renders קָרָא בְשֵׁם ('call by name', cf. 31:2); the perfect lends the appointment permanence and authority.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with θεός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativesubject of ἀνακέκληκεν→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; renders אֱלֹהִים; here the subject who appoints and empowers the craftsman — the artisan's skill is traced directly to divine election; note the variation from κύριος (the Tetragrammaton) to ὁ θεός in this concluding section.
ἐξby / out ofpreposition + genitive (idiomatic: 'by name')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ/ἐξ + genitive: here in the idiom ἐξ ὀνόματος ('by name'), rendering בְּשֵׁם; the calling 'by name' marks Bezalel's appointment as personal, specific and elective — not a general summons but a naming of the individual.
ὀνόματοςnameGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ (idiomatic: 'by name')→ relational specificationὄνομα: 'name'; renders שֵׁם; the phrase ἐξ ὀνόματος ('by name') stresses the personal, individual character of the divine calling — God has singled out Bezalel specifically.
τὸνthe / —Accusativearticle (with the proper name Βεσελεηλ, marking it as direct object)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒεσελεηλBezalelaccusative object of ἀνακέκληκεν (indeclinable proper noun, marked acc. by article τόν)→ noun-phrase markingΒεσελεηλ: transliteration of Hebrew בְּצַלְאֵל (Bezalel, 'in the shadow/protection of God'); indeclinable in the LXX, its case shown by the article τόν; the master-craftsman of the tabernacle, first named at 31:2; the name's meaning ('in God's shadow') aptly suits one filled with the divine Spirit for sacred work.
τὸνthe (son)Accusativearticle (substantival, introducing patronymic: 'the [son] of Uri')→ noun-phrase markingὁ τοῦ + genitive: the Greek idiom 'the [son] of …' for patronymics, with υἱός understood; here τὸν τοῦ Ουριου ('the son of Uri').
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with Ουριου, patronymic genitive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Ουριουof UriGenitivegenitive of relationship (patronymic: 'son of Uri')→ relational specificationΟυρι(ας): transliteration of Hebrew אוּרִי (Uri, 'my light'); here declined in the genitive Ουριου; Bezalel's father (cf. 31:2; 1 Chr 2:20).
τὸνthe (son)Accusativearticle (substantival, introducing second patronymic: 'the [son] of Hur')→ noun-phrase markingὁ τὸν/τοῦ + name: the genealogy is carried a generation further — 'the (descendant) of Hur'; the article τόν agrees with Βεσελεηλ as object.
ΩρHurappositional / genealogical name (indeclinable proper noun: 'of Hur')→ participant identificationΩρ: transliteration of Hebrew חוּר (Hur); indeclinable; Bezalel's grandfather; Hur appears alongside Aaron supporting Moses' hands at Rephidim (17:10–12) and as a leader during the Sinai ascent (24:14), linking the craftsman to Israel's leadership.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (origin: 'from the tribe')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (origin: 'from the tribe').
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (tribal origin)→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe / clan'; renders מַטֶּה / שֵׁבֶט; ἐκ φυλῆς Ιουδα ('from the tribe of Judah') situates Bezalel in the royal tribe — the master-builder of God's dwelling springs from the tribe of kingship and, ultimately, of Messiah.
Ιουδαof Judahgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun, with φυλῆς)→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוּדָה (Judah); indeclinable; the tribe of Judah, the royal and messianic line (Gen 49:10); Bezalel's Judahite descent is theologically resonant.
31

καὶ ἐνέπλησεν αὐτὸν πνεῦμα θεῖον σοφίας καὶ συνέσεως καὶ ἐπιστήμης πάντων

and he filled him with a divine spirit of wisdom and understanding and knowledge of all things,

The divine empowerment: Bezalel filled with the Spirit for the craftκαὶ ἐνέπλησεν αὐτὸν πνεῦμα θεῖον
The theological heart of the section: God 'filled' Bezalel with πνεῦμα θεῖον σοφίας καὶ συνέσεως καὶ ἐπιστήμης — a divine spirit of wisdom, understanding, and knowledge. Artistic skill is here grounded directly in the divine Spirit. The triad σοφία / σύνεσις / ἐπιστήμη is a classic LXX wisdom-cluster; πάντων ('of all things') marks the comprehensiveness of the endowment. The phrase πνεῦμα θεῖον is a notable rendering (the parallel 31:3 has πνεῦμα θεοῦ).
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνέπλησενhe filledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐμπίμπλημιmain verb (God as subject, double accusative construction)→ constative aorist (the completed act of filling/endowment)ἐμπίμπλημι: 'fill / fill up / satisfy'; the compound ἐν- intensifies the filling; renders מִלֵּא (Piel, 'fill'); the construction ἐνέπλησεν αὐτὸν πνεῦμα ('filled him with a spirit') takes a double accusative (person filled + content); the verb expresses total, saturating endowment — Bezalel is wholly suffused with the divine gift.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object (the person filled: Bezalel)→ participant referenceαὐτός: the accusative αὐτόν refers to Bezalel; the person filled in the double-accusative construction.
πνεῦμαspiritAccusativeaccusative of content / material (with what he is filled)→ object specificationπνεῦμα: 'spirit / breath / wind'; renders רוּחַ; the accusative of content denotes that with which Bezalel is filled; πνεῦμα θεῖον ('divine spirit') is the source of his craft — the same Spirit-endowment that elsewhere equips prophets and leaders, here directing artistic skill (cf. 31:3; the craftsman-Spirit theme).
θεῖονdivineAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying πνεῦμα: 'a divine spirit')→ object specificationθεῖος: 'divine / of God'; πνεῦμα θεῖον ('a divine spirit') is the LXX's rendering here of רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים ('spirit of God', cf. 31:3 πνεῦμα θεῖον / θεοῦ); the adjective marks the spirit as belonging to the divine sphere — the skill is not merely natural talent but a God-given charisma; θεῖος is rare in the LXX (cf. 2 Macc; the NT θεία δύναμις of 2 Pet 1:3).
σοφίαςof wisdomGenitivegenitive of content / quality (defining πνεῦμα: 'spirit of wisdom')→ relational specificationσοφία: 'wisdom / skill'; renders חָכְמָה; first of the wisdom-triad; the practical, artistic σοφία that has run through the chapter (vv. 10, 25, 26) is here named as the content of the divine spirit; cf. the messianic 'spirit of wisdom' at Isa 11:2.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέσεωςof understandingGenitivegenitive of content / quality (coordinate: 'understanding')→ relational specificationσύνεσις: 'understanding / insight / discernment'; from συνίημι ('put together / comprehend'); renders תְּבוּנָה ('understanding'); the second of the triad; denotes the discernment to grasp how things fit together — apt for the planning of intricate work; paired with σοφία also at Isa 11:2; Col 1:9.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστήμηςof knowledge / expertiseGenitivegenitive of content / quality (coordinate: 'knowledge')→ relational specificationἐπιστήμη: 'knowledge / understanding / expertise'; from ἐπίσταμαι ('know how'); renders דַּעַת ('knowledge'); the third of the triad; here the technical know-how of the crafts; the σοφία / σύνεσις / ἐπιστήμη cluster denotes complete intellectual-practical competence.
πάντωνof all thingsGenitivegenitive (with ἐπιστήμης: 'knowledge of all things')→ relational specificationπᾶς (gen. pl. πάντων): 'all'; ἐπιστήμης πάντων ('knowledge of all things') marks the comprehensiveness of Bezalel's endowment — there is no craft of the sanctuary beyond his Spirit-given competence; the totality-marker caps the wisdom-triad.
32

ἀρχιτεκτονεῖν κατὰ πάντα τὰ ἔργα τῆς ἀρχιτεκτονίας ποιεῖν τὸ χρυσίον καὶ τὸ ἀργύριον καὶ τὸν χαλκὸν

to be a master-craftsman in all the works of master-craftsmanship, to work the gold and the silver and the bronze,

Purpose of the endowment: master-craftsmanship in metalworkἀρχιτεκτονεῖν κατὰ πάντα τὰ ἔργα
The infinitives ἀρχιτεκτονεῖν ('to be master-builder') and ποιεῖν ('to work') express the purpose of the Spirit-filling: comprehensive mastery in every work of craftsmanship, beginning with the three metals (gold, silver, bronze — the materials of v. 5). The cognate pair ἀρχιτεκτονεῖν … ἀρχιτεκτονίας foregrounds the 'architect / master-craftsman' vocabulary; the Spirit equips not for one skill but for the whole art.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἀρχιτεκτονεῖνto be a master-craftsman / to direct the workPres Act Infin · ἀρχιτεκτονέωinfinitive of purpose (the goal of the Spirit-filling)→ durative present infinitive (the ongoing exercise of master-craft)ἀρχιτεκτονέω: 'be a master-builder / direct construction / be chief craftsman'; from ἀρχιτέκτων ('master-builder', cf. 1 Cor 3:10); the infinitive of purpose states why God filled Bezalel — to exercise master-craftsmanship; renders the Hebrew לַחְשֹׁב מַחֲשָׁבֹת ('to devise designs'); marks Bezalel as the chief artisan directing all the work.
κατὰaccording to / inpreposition + accusative (distributive: 'in all the works')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + accusative: here distributive, 'in / throughout (all the works)'; marks the comprehensive scope of Bezalel's craftsmanship.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔργα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; πάντα τὰ ἔργα ('all the works') stresses the totality of the craft Bezalel is equipped to direct.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἔργα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (the works of craftsmanship)→ object specificationἔργον (pl. ἔργα): 'work / product'; renders מְלָאכָה; here the products of master-craftsmanship, defined by the following genitive τῆς ἀρχιτεκτονίας.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with ἀρχιτεκτονίας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρχιτεκτονίαςof master-craftsmanship / of construction-designGenitivegenitive (defining ἔργα: 'works of master-craftsmanship')→ relational specificationἀρχιτεκτονία: 'master-building / the art of the chief craftsman'; cognate with ἀρχιτεκτονεῖν, forming a figura etymologica ('to master-craft … the works of master-craft'); the term embraces the whole design-and-construction art of the sanctuary.
ποιεῖνto work / to makePres Act Infin · ποιέωinfinitive of purpose (specifying the craft: 'to work the metals')→ durative present infinitive (the activity of working the materials)ποιέω: 'do / make / work (a material)'; the present infinitive ποιεῖν here governs the materials (τὸ χρυσίον κτλ.), 'to work / fashion the gold,' etc.; specifies the metalworking dimension of Bezalel's craft.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with χρυσίον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσίονgoldAccusativedirect object of ποιεῖν (first metal worked)→ object specificationχρυσίον: 'gold'; renders זָהָב; the first and most precious metal Bezalel is equipped to work (cf. v. 5).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἀργύριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργύριονsilverAccusativedirect object of ποιεῖν (second metal worked)→ object specificationἀργύριον: 'silver'; renders כֶּסֶף; the second metal (cf. v. 5).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with χαλκόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χαλκὸνbronzeAccusativedirect object of ποιεῖν (third metal worked)→ object specificationχαλκός: 'bronze / copper'; renders נְחֹשֶׁת; the third metal (cf. v. 5); the gold-silver-bronze triad recurs, now as the objects of Bezalel's Spirit-empowered metalwork.
33

καὶ λιθουργῆσαι τὸν λίθον καὶ κατεργάζεσθαι τὰ ξύλα καὶ ποιεῖν ἐν παντὶ ἔργῳ σοφίας

and to cut the stone and to work the wood and to labor in every work of wisdom.

Purpose of the endowment continued: stonework, woodwork, every craftκαὶ λιθουργῆσαι τὸν λίθον
The catalogue of Bezalel's crafts continues with stone-cutting (λιθουργῆσαι) and woodworking (κατεργάζεσθαι τὰ ξύλα), closing with the comprehensive ποιεῖν ἐν παντὶ ἔργῳ σοφίας ('to work in every work of wisdom'). The summary phrase ἔργον σοφίας ('work of wisdom') again ties the craftsmanship to the divine σοφία of v. 31 — the Spirit-gift covers metal, stone, wood, and every art.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing the infinitives of purpose)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λιθουργῆσαιto cut stone / to work stoneAor Act Infin · λιθουργέωinfinitive of purpose (the stone-cutting craft)→ telic aorist infinitive (the work of cutting stone)λιθουργέω: 'work stone / cut and engrave stone'; from λίθος ('stone') + ἔργον ('work'); the aorist infinitive of purpose; renders חֲרֹשֶׁת אֶבֶן ('cutting of stones'); the craft of cutting and setting the gemstones for the priestly vestments (cf. vv. 9, 27).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with λίθον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λίθονstoneAccusativedirect object of λιθουργῆσαι→ object specificationλίθος: 'stone'; here the gemstone to be cut and engraved; renders אֶבֶן; the collective singular ('the stone') denotes the stonework generally.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατεργάζεσθαιto work / to fashionPres Mid Infin · κατεργάζομαιinfinitive of purpose (the woodworking craft)→ durative present infinitive (the working of the wood)κατεργάζομαι: 'work out / accomplish / fashion thoroughly'; the compound κατ- intensifies ('work fully / finish'); renders חֲרֹשֶׁת עֵץ ('carving of wood'); the present infinitive denotes the ongoing craft of fashioning the timber (cf. the cognate κάτεργα, v. 21); the verb is frequent in Paul for 'producing / accomplishing' (Rom 7:8; 2 Cor 4:17).
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ξύλα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ξύλαwood / timbersAccusativedirect object of κατεργάζεσθαι→ object specificationξύλον (pl. ξύλα): 'wood / timber'; here the acacia timber (cf. vv. 7, 24) to be fashioned into the frames and furniture of the sanctuary.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιεῖνto work / to laborPres Act Infin · ποιέωinfinitive of purpose (the comprehensive summary craft)→ durative present infinitive (the ongoing exercise of every craft)ποιέω: 'do / make / work'; the present infinitive here summarizes — 'to work in every work of wisdom'; gathers up the foregoing specific crafts into a comprehensive statement of Bezalel's competence.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere: 'in every work')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere: 'in every work').
παντὶeveryDativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔργῳ)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: 'every / all'; ἐν παντὶ ἔργῳ ('in every work') marks the comprehensiveness of the craft — no work of the sanctuary is beyond his Spirit-given skill.
ἔργῳworkDativedative object of ἐν (sphere of activity)→ sphere or referenceἔργον: 'work / craft'; renders מְלָאכָה; the dative of sphere; defined by the following genitive σοφίας.
σοφίαςof wisdomGenitivegenitive (defining ἔργῳ: 'work of wisdom')→ relational specificationσοφία: 'wisdom / skill'; renders חָכְמָה; ἔργον σοφίας ('work of wisdom / skilled work') ties the whole craft back to the divine σοφία with which Bezalel was filled (v. 31) — every product of his hands is an expression of God-given wisdom.
34

καὶ προβιβάσαι γε ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ διανοίᾳ αὐτῷ τε καὶ Ελιαβ τῷ τοῦ Αχισαμακ ἐκ φυλῆς Δαν

And he also put it in his mind to instruct, both him and Oholiab, the son of Ahisamach, from the tribe of Dan.

The gift of teaching, and the naming of the second craftsman, Oholiabκαὶ προβιβάσαι γε ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ διανοίᾳ
God's gift to Bezalel includes the ability to teach (προβιβάσαι, 'to instruct / lead forward'): he has put it 'in his mind.' The endowment is shared — αὐτῷ τε καὶ Ελιαβ ('both to him and to Oholiab') — and the second craftsman is now named with patronymic and tribe (Dan). The particle γε emphasizes the added gift of teaching; the inspired skill is meant to be transmitted, not hoarded.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προβιβάσαιto instruct / to lead forwardAor Act Infin · προβιβάζωinfinitive (object of ἔδωκεν: the gift of teaching)→ telic aorist infinitive (the imparted capacity to teach)προβιβάζω: 'lead forward / advance / instruct'; from πρό + βιβάζω ('cause to go'); here 'to teach / bring others on in the craft'; renders לְהוֹרֹת ('to teach', from יָרָה Hiphil); the gift includes pedagogy — Bezalel is enabled to instruct others (cf. 35:34 MT; the verb in Acts 19:33 = 'put forward').
γεindeed / alsoemphatic particle (post-positive, intensifying)→ discourse linkage or contrastγε: enclitic emphatic particle, 'indeed / at least / even'; here it underscores the added gift of teaching — not only craft but the capacity to impart it; lends emphasis to προβιβάσαι.
ἔδωκενhe gave / putAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (God as subject: 'he put [it] in his mind')→ constative aorist (the completed bestowal)δίδωμι: 'give / put / grant'; renders נָתַן; the idiom ἔδωκεν … ἐν τῇ διανοίᾳ ('he put [it] in his mind / heart') renders נָתַן בְּלִבּוֹ ('put in his heart'), i.e. God implanted the capacity to teach; the subject is ὁ θεός (carried over from v. 30).
αὐτῷto himDativedative indirect object (recipient: Bezalel)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: the dative αὐτῷ ('to him') refers to Bezalel — God gave the teaching-gift to him.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative idiom: 'in the mind')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative idiom: 'in the mind').
τῇtheDativearticle (with διανοίᾳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διανοίᾳmind / understandingDativedative object of ἐν (the seat of the implanted gift)→ sphere or referenceδιάνοια: 'mind / understanding'; renders לֵב; the idiom ἔδωκεν ἐν τῇ διανοίᾳ ('put in the mind') locates the teaching-gift in the inner faculty — the same διάνοια that throughout the chapter is the seat of willing and of skill.
αὐτῷto himDativedative (resumptive, heading the τε…καί pair: 'both to him')→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: the dative αὐτῷ resumed and now coordinated by τε…καί — 'both to him and to Oholiab'; the gift is shared between the two master-craftsmen.
τεboth / andcoordinating particle (post-positive, τε…καί construction)→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: enclitic coordinating particle; the τε…καί construction ('both … and') links Bezalel and Oholiab as joint recipients of the endowment; a more formal connective than simple καί.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (completing τε…καί)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλιαβOholiabDativedative (coordinate recipient, indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΕλιαβ: the LXX's rendering of Hebrew אָהֳלִיאָב (Oholiab, 'tent of the father'); indeclinable, here functioning as a dative coordinate with αὐτῷ; Bezalel's chief assistant (cf. 31:6; 38:23), the second Spirit-endowed craftsman.
τῷthe (son)Dativearticle (substantival, introducing patronymic: 'the [son] of Ahisamach')→ noun-phrase markingὁ τοῦ + genitive: the patronymic idiom 'the [son] of …'; the dative τῷ agrees with Ελιαβ.
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with Αχισαμακ, patronymic genitive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Αχισαμακof Ahisamachgenitive of relationship (patronymic, indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑχισαμακ: transliteration of Hebrew אֲחִיסָמָךְ (Ahisamach, 'my brother has supported'); indeclinable; Oholiab's father (cf. 31:6); the patronymic anchors the second craftsman as a specific, named individual.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (origin: 'from the tribe')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (origin: 'from the tribe').
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (tribal origin)→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe'; renders מַטֶּה; ἐκ φυλῆς Δαν ('from the tribe of Dan') situates Oholiab in Dan, balancing Bezalel of Judah — the two master-craftsmen represent the leading southern and a northern tribe, a pairing of the people in the sacred work.
Δανof Dangenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun, with φυλῆς)→ participant identificationΔαν: transliteration of Hebrew דָּן (Dan); indeclinable; the tribe of Dan; Oholiab's Danite origin complements Bezalel's Judahite descent (v. 30).
35

ἐνέπλησεν αὐτοὺς σοφίας καὶ συνέσεως διανοίας πάντα συνιέναι ποιῆσαι τὰ ἔργα τοῦ ἁγίου καὶ τὰ ὑφαντὰ καὶ ποικιλτὰ ὑφᾶναι τῷ κοκκίνῳ καὶ τῇ βύσσῳ ποιεῖν πᾶν ἔργον ἀρχιτεκτονίας ποικιλίας

He filled them with wisdom and understanding of mind, to comprehend all things, to do the works of the holy place, and the woven works and the embroidered works, to weave with the scarlet and the fine linen, to do every work of craftsmanship and design.

Climactic summary: both craftsmen filled with wisdom for every artἐνέπλησεν αὐτοὺς σοφίας καὶ συνέσεως
The chapter closes with a climactic summary echoing v. 31: God filled them (both Bezalel and Oholiab) with wisdom and understanding of mind to comprehend all things — to do the works of the sanctuary, the woven and embroidered works, to weave in scarlet and fine linen, to do every work of craftsmanship and design. The verb ἐνέπλησεν (cf. v. 31) and the σοφία / σύνεσις pairing form an inclusio around the Spirit-empowerment section; the closing ἔργον ἀρχιτεκτονίας ποικιλίας ('work of craftsmanship and design') caps the craftsman-Spirit theme.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ἐνέπλησενhe filledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐμπίμπλημιmain verb (God as subject; double accusative)→ constative aorist (the completed endowment)ἐμπίμπλημι: 'fill / fill up'; repeating the verb of v. 31, now with the plural object αὐτούς (both craftsmen); renders מִלֵּא; the repetition forms an inclusio framing the Spirit-empowerment of the artisans.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object (the persons filled: both craftsmen)→ participant referenceαὐτός: the accusative plural αὐτούς ('them') refers to Bezalel and Oholiab together — the endowment, individual in v. 31, is now shared by both.
σοφίαςof wisdomGenitivegenitive of content (with what they are filled)→ relational specificationσοφία: 'wisdom / skill'; renders חָכְמָה; the genitive of content; the first member of the σοφία / σύνεσις pair (cf. v. 31), naming the craft-wisdom that fills the artisans.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέσεωςof understandingGenitivegenitive of content (coordinate: 'understanding')→ relational specificationσύνεσις: 'understanding / insight'; renders תְּבוּנָה; the second member of the wisdom-pair (cf. v. 31); here qualified by διανοίας ('of mind').
διανοίαςof mindGenitivegenitive (defining σύνεσις: 'understanding of mind')→ relational specificationδιάνοια: 'mind / understanding'; renders לֵב; σύνεσις διανοίας ('understanding of mind / mental discernment') intensifies the inner-faculty language; the artisans' competence is a fullness of the διάνοια, the chapter's recurring seat of skill and will.
πάνταall thingsAccusativedirect object of συνιέναι ('to comprehend all things')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the neuter plural πάντα ('all things') is the object of συνιέναι; marks the comprehensiveness of the artisans' understanding — they grasp the whole of the craft.
συνιέναιto comprehend / to understandPres Act Infin · συνίημιepexegetic infinitive (defining the endowment: 'to comprehend')→ durative present infinitive (the ongoing exercise of understanding)συνίημι: 'bring together / comprehend / understand'; cognate with σύνεσις; the infinitive πάντα συνιέναι ('to understand all things') epexegetically unfolds the gift of σύνεσις διανοίας; the craftsmen are given full comprehension of their task.
ποιῆσαιto do / to makeAor Act Infin · ποιέωinfinitive of purpose ('to do the works')→ telic aorist infinitive (the purpose of the endowment)ποιέω: 'do / make'; the aorist infinitive of purpose; the comprehension is for the sake of doing — the artisans understand in order to execute the sanctuary's works.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἔργα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksAccusativedirect object of ποιῆσαι (the works of the sanctuary)→ object specificationἔργον (pl. ἔργα): 'work'; renders מְלָאכָה; here τὰ ἔργα τοῦ ἁγίου ('the works of the holy place') — the sacred construction-tasks of the sanctuary.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ἁγίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίουof the holy place / sanctuaryGenitivegenitive (defining ἔργα: 'works of the sanctuary')→ relational specificationἅγιος: 'holy'; the substantivized neuter τὸ ἅγιον ('the holy place / sanctuary'), rendering הַקֹּדֶשׁ; τὰ ἔργα τοῦ ἁγίου ('the works of the sanctuary', cf. v. 21) — all the sacred construction is the goal of the artisans' Spirit-given skill.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ὑφαντά)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑφαντὰwoven worksAccusativedirect object (substantival adjective: 'the woven things')→ object specificationὑφαντός: 'woven'; verbal adjective from ὑφαίνω ('weave'); substantivized τὰ ὑφαντά ('the woven works') denotes the woven fabrics of the sanctuary and vestments; renders מַעֲשֵׂה אֹרֵג ('work of the weaver').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποικιλτὰembroidered worksAccusativedirect object (substantival adjective: 'the embroidered things')→ object specificationποικιλτός: 'embroidered / variegated'; verbal adjective from ποικίλλω ('work in colors / embroider'); substantivized τὰ ποικιλτά ('the embroidered works') denotes the multicolored needlework of the sanctuary fabrics; renders מַעֲשֵׂה רֹקֵם ('work of the embroiderer'); cognate with ποικιλία below.
ὑφᾶναιto weaveAor Act Infin · ὑφαίνωepexegetic infinitive (defining the weaving craft)→ telic aorist infinitive (the work of weaving)ὑφαίνω: 'weave'; the aorist infinitive specifies the weaving craft; cognate with ὑφαντά above; renders אָרַג ('weave'); the artisans are equipped to weave the sanctuary's fabrics.
τῷwith theDativearticle (with κοκκίνῳ, dative of material/means)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοκκίνῳscarletDativedative of means / material (the scarlet yarn woven with)→ sphere or referenceκόκκινος: 'scarlet'; substantivized τὸ κόκκινον in the dative of material; renders שָׁנִי; the scarlet yarn (cf. vv. 6, 25) is one of the materials woven into the sanctuary fabrics.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇwith theDativearticle (with βύσσῳ, dative of material/means)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βύσσῳfine linenDativedative of means / material (the linen woven with)→ sphere or referenceβύσσος: 'fine linen'; the dative of material; renders שֵׁשׁ; the linen (cf. vv. 6, 25) woven together with the scarlet into the sacred fabrics.
ποιεῖνto do / to makePres Act Infin · ποιέωepexegetic infinitive (the comprehensive summary: 'to do every work')→ durative present infinitive (the ongoing exercise of every craft)ποιέω: 'do / make'; the present infinitive in its final summarizing use — 'to do every work of craftsmanship and design'; gathers the whole endowment into a comprehensive statement, closing the chapter on the craftsman-Spirit theme.
πᾶνeveryAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔργον)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'every / all'; πᾶν ἔργον ('every work') marks the totality of the craft the artisans are equipped to perform — a fitting climactic universal.
ἔργονworkAccusativedirect object of ποιεῖν→ object specificationἔργον: 'work / craft'; renders מְלָאכָה; here the comprehensive 'every work' of the two crafts named in the following genitives.
ἀρχιτεκτονίαςof craftsmanship / of construction-designGenitivegenitive (defining ἔργον: 'work of craftsmanship')→ relational specificationἀρχιτεκτονία: 'master-building / construction-craft'; cf. v. 32; here paired with ποικιλίας to name the two grand divisions of the sanctuary's art — structural building and decorative design.
ποικιλίαςof design / of embroideryGenitivegenitive (defining ἔργον: 'work of design')→ relational specificationποικιλία: 'variegation / many-colored work / embroidery / design'; from ποικίλος ('many-colored / intricate'); cognate with ποικιλτά above; ἔργον ἀρχιτεκτονίας ποικιλίας ('work of craftsmanship and of design') is the chapter's closing phrase, summing up the Spirit-given art as embracing both the master-building and the intricate decorative work of God's dwelling.