1
ἀκούσατε ταῦτα οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ προσέχετε οἶκος Ισραηλ καὶ ὁ οἶκος τοῦ βασιλέως ἐνωτίζεσθε διότι πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐστιν τὸ κρίμα ὅτι παγὶς ἐγενήθητε τῇ σκοπιᾷ καὶ ὡς δίκτυον ἐκτεταμένον ἐπὶ τὸ ἰταβύριον
Hear these things, O priests, and pay attention, house of Israel, and house of the king, give ear; for the judgment is against you, because you became a snare at the watchtower and like a net spread out over Tabor.
The chapter begins by gathering cult, people, and crown under one verdict: those charged with watchfulness have instead entrapped the nation.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
ἀκούσατεhearVA AAD2P · ἀκούωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ ingressive aorist imperative (give heed now)ἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσέχετεtake heed / bewareV1 PAD2P · ἔχω + προςmain verbal form advancing the clause→ infinitival verbal idea dependent on the governing expressionἔχω + προς: meaning 'take heed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐνωτίζεσθεgive earV1 PMD2P · ὠτίζομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action or dependent verbal sense of the clauseὠτίζομαι + ἐν: meaning 'give ear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or dependent verbal sense of the clause.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παγὶςsnareN3D NSF · παγίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαγίς: meaning 'snare'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγενήθητεyou becameVCI API2P · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseγίγνομαι: meaning 'you became'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκοπιᾷwatchtowerN1A DSF · σκοπιάdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipientσκοπιά: meaning 'watchtower'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δίκτυονnetN2N NSN · δίκτυονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδίκτυον: meaning 'net'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκτεταμένονspread outVM · χμπνσν τείνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseχμπνσν τείνω + ἐκ: meaning 'spread out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰταβύριονTaborN2N ASN · ἰταβύριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalἰταβύριον: meaning 'Tabor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
2
ὃ οἱ ἀγρεύοντες τὴν θήραν κατέπηξαν ἐγὼ δὲ παιδευτὴς ὑμῶν
And those hunting the prey dug it deep, but I am your disciplinarian.
The image of trapping intensifies. What leaders have sunk deeply in secret, the Lord openly names and corrects.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὃwhichRR ASN · ὅςrelative pronoun→ participant referenceὃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγρεύοντεςhuntingV1 · παπνπμ ἀγρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπνπμ ἀγρεύω: meaning 'hunting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θήρανpreyN1A ASF · θήραaccusative noun completing the prepositional phrase→ object specificationθήραν: meaning 'prey'; here it marks the relation signaled by accusative noun completing the prepositional phrase.
κατέπηξανdug deepVAI AAI3P · πήγνυμι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπήγνυμι + κατα: meaning 'dug deep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παιδευτὴςteacherN1M NSM · παιδευτήςnominative term functioning in the clause core→ participantπαιδευτής: meaning 'teacher'; it serves as nominative term functioning in the clause core.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
3
ἐγὼ ἔγνων τὸν Εφραιμ καὶ Ισραηλ οὐκ ἄπεστιν ἀπ' ἐμοῦ διότι νῦν ἐξεπόρνευσεν Εφραιμ ἐμιάνθη Ισραηλ
I know Ephraim, and Israel is not hidden from me; for now Ephraim committed fornication, Israel was defiled.
No ritual or political cover conceals the nation from the Lord; the heart of the charge remains covenant infidelity and resulting pollution.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἔγνωνγιγνώσκωVZI AAI1S · γιγνώσκωfinite verb advancing the clause→ perfectiveγιγνώσκω: meaning 'γιγνώσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕφραιμEphraimN ASM · Ἐφράιμproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἄπεστινis absentV9 PAI3S · εἰμί + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ protest, friendship, and unbearable griefεἰμί + ἀπο: meaning 'is absent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse pivot to present applicationνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξεπόρνευσενπορνεύωVAI AAI3S · πορνεύω + ἐκfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristπορνεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'πορνεύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΕφραιμEphraimN NSM · Ἐφράιμname-item in the genealogical register→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
ἐμιάνθηwas defiledVCI API3S · μιαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμιαίνω: meaning 'was defiled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
4
οὐκ ἔδωκαν τὰ διαβούλια αὐτῶν τοῦ ἐπιστρέψαι πρὸς τὸν θεὸν αὐτῶν ὅτι πνεῦμα πορνείας ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐστιν τὸν δὲ κύριον οὐκ ἐπέγνωσαν
They did not give their plans to return to their God, because a spirit of fornication is in them, and they did not know the Lord.
The people's counsels themselves are bent away from repentance. Their inner spirit is already bent toward infidelity rather than knowledge of God.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔδωκανgaveVAI AAI3P · δίδωμιmain verb of allotment or gift→ aorist summary statementδίδωμι: meaning 'gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of allotment or gift.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαβούλιαplansN2N NPN · διαβούλιονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδιαβούλιον: meaning 'plans'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιστρέψαιturn backVA AAN · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist infinitiveστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turn back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πορνείαςsexual immoralityN1A GSF · πορνείαnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationπορνεία: meaning 'sexual immorality'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπέγνωσανlearnedVZI AAI3P · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'learned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
5
καὶ ταπεινωθήσεται ἡ ὕβρις τοῦ Ισραηλ εἰς πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ καὶ Ισραηλ καὶ Εφραιμ ἀσθενήσουσιν ἐν ταῖς ἀδικίαις αὐτῶν καὶ ἀσθενήσει καὶ Ιουδας μετ' αὐτῶν
And the pride of Israel shall be humbled before his face, and Israel and Ephraim shall grow weak in their injustices, and Judah also shall grow weak with them.
The national sin is not isolated to one region: Israel's arrogance collapses into weakness, and Judah is swept into the same unraveling.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταπεινωθήσεταιhumbleVC FPI3S · ταπεινόωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristταπεινόω: meaning 'humble'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕβριςprideN3I NSF · ὕβριςnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ participant prominenceὕβρις: meaning 'pride'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕφραιμEphraimN NSM · Ἐφράιμname-item in the genealogical register→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
ἀσθενήσουσινwill grow weakVF FAI3P · ἀσθενέωfuture verb stating the promised result→ futureἀσθενέω: meaning 'will grow weak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as future verb stating the promised result.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδικίαιςin injusticesN1A DPF · ἀδικίαnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceἀδικία: meaning 'in injustices'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσθενήσειastheneoVF FAI3S · ἀσθενέωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the announced actionἀσθενέω: meaning 'astheneo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form carrying the clause forward.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙουδαςJudasN1T NSM · Ἰούδαςnominative head term or subject complement→ participant identificationΙουδας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative head term or subject complement.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
6
μετὰ προβάτων καὶ μόσχων πορεύσονται τοῦ ἐκζητῆσαι τὸν κύριον καὶ οὐ μὴ εὕρωσιν αὐτόν ὅτι ἐξέκλινεν ἀπ' αὐτῶν
With sheep and calves they shall go to seek the Lord, and they shall certainly not find him, because he has withdrawn from them.
Cultic abundance cannot reverse estrangement once the Lord himself has departed. Sacrifice without return finds no audience.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
προβάτωνsheepN2N GPN · πρόβατονgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationπρόβατον: meaning 'sheep'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μόσχωνcalfN2 GPM · μόσχοςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ speech, worship, and inward dispositionμόσχος: meaning 'calf'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
πορεύσονταιporeyomaiVF FMI3P · πορεύομαιfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: meaning 'poreyomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκζητῆσαιto seek outVA AAN · ζητέω + ἐκinfinitive of purpose (with παραγίνεται: 'come to seek')→ aorist infinitive (purpose of the coming)ζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'to seek out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive of purpose (with παραγίνεται: 'come to seek').
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εὕρωσινthey may findVB AAS3P · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseεὑρίσκω: meaning 'they may find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέκλινενhe turned asideV1I IAI3S · κλίνω + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionκλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'he turned aside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
7
ὅτι τὸν κύριον ἐγκατέλιπον ὅτι τέκνα ἀλλότρια ἐγεννήθησαν αὐτοῖς νῦν καταφάγεται αὐτοὺς ἡ ἐρυσίβη καὶ τοὺς κλήρους αὐτῶν
Because they abandoned the Lord, because foreign children were born to them, now blight shall devour them and their allotted portions.
The charge reaches into household and inheritance: covenant abandonment bears alien fruit, and even the land-share is consumed.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐγκατέλιπονthey forsookVBI AAI3P · λείπω + ἐν + καταmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'they forsook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τέκναchildN2N NPN · τέκνονsubject of the verbal action→ participant prominenceτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as subject of the verbal action.
ἀλλότριαforeignA1A NPN · ἀλλότριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἀλλότριος: meaning 'foreign'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγεννήθησανwere bornVCI API3P · γεννάωpassive birth verb summarizing those born to a named father→ constative aorist passive (birth summary)γεννάω: meaning 'were born'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as passive birth verb summarizing those born to a named father.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse pivot to present applicationνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταφάγεταιdevourVF FMI3S · ἐσθίω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'devour'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρυσίβηblightN1 NSF · ἐρυσίβηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ locust devastation and communal lamentἐρυσίβη: meaning 'blight'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλήρουςlotN2 APM · κλῆροςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationκλῆρος: meaning 'lot'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
8
σαλπίσατε σάλπιγγι ἐπὶ τοὺς βουνούς ἠχήσατε ἐπὶ τῶν ὑψηλῶν κηρύξατε ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ Ων ἐξέστη Βενιαμιν
Blow the trumpet upon the hills, sound aloud upon the heights, proclaim in the house of On; Benjamin is beside himself.
The judgment moves into public alarm. The land is summoned to hear that panic and invasion are no longer distant possibilities.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
σαλπίσατεσαλπίζωVA AAD2P · σαλπίζωverbal form expressing command, request, or exhortation→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeσαλπίζω: meaning 'σαλπίζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form expressing command, request, or exhortation.
σάλπιγγιtrumpetN3G DSF · σάλπιγξdative nominal marking sphere, instrument, recipient, or reference→ sphere or referenceσάλπιγξ: meaning 'trumpet'; it serves as dative nominal marking sphere, instrument, recipient, or reference.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουνούςhillN2 APM · βουνόςcommon noun within the clause→ The chapter interweaves self-description, mutual comparison, summons to delight, adjurations, and the springtime invitation of the beloved.βουνός: meaning 'hill'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἠχήσατεsound aloudVA AAD2P · ἠχέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἠχέω: meaning 'sound aloud'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑψηλῶνypselosA1 GPM · ὑψηλόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ Davidic hope and righteous kingshipὑψηλός: meaning 'ypselos'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
κηρύξατεproclaimVA AAD2P · κηρύσσωsecond imperative of the command→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκηρύσσω: meaning 'proclaim'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as second imperative of the command.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΩνOnN GS · Ωνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΩν: meaning 'On'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέστηwas carried awayVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἐκmain verb (the brothers' heart-reaction — 'their heart left them')→ aoristἵστημι + ἐκ: meaning 'was carried away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the brothers' heart-reaction — 'their heart left them').
ΒενιαμινBenjaminN NSM · Βενιαμίνname-item in the genealogical register→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
9
Εφραιμ εἰς ἀφανισμὸν ἐγένετο ἐν ἡμέραις ἐλέγχου ἐν ταῖς φυλαῖς τοῦ Ισραηλ ἔδειξα πιστά
Ephraim came to ruin in the days of rebuke; among the tribes of Israel I showed faithful things.
The ruin is not arbitrary but the outworking of warnings already made plain among the tribes.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ΕφραιμEphraimN NSM · Ἐφράιμname-item in the genealogical register→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀφανισμὸνobliterationN2 ASM · ἀφανισμόςaccusative of result (with εἰς, climactic)→ object specificationἀφανισμός: meaning 'obliteration'; it serves as accusative of result (with εἰς, climactic).
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραnominal term functioning as a dative complement→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a dative complement.
ἐλέγχουrebukeN2 GSM · ἔλεγχοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or qualityἔλεγχος: meaning 'rebuke'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλαῖςtribeN1 DPF · φυλήdative complement marking reference, recipient, means, or sphere→ sphere or referenceφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as dative complement marking reference, recipient, means, or sphere.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἔδειξαI showedVAI AAI1S · δεικνύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseδεικνύω: meaning 'I showed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πιστάfaithfulA1 APN · πιστόςaccusative term functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clauseπιστός: meaning 'faithful'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
10
ἐγένοντο οἱ ἄρχοντες Ιουδα ὡς μετατιθέντες ὅρια ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ἐκχεῶ ὡς ὕδωρ τὸ ὅρμημά μου
The rulers of Judah became like those moving boundary markers; upon them I will pour out my rushing wrath like water.
Judah's leaders are likened to those who erase God-given limits; divine anger therefore comes as a flooding force.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐγένοντοcame to beVBI AMI3P · γίγνομαιcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeγίγνομαι: meaning 'came to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'rulers'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
μετατιθέντεςmovingV7 · παπνπμ τίθημι + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπνπμ τίθημι + μετα: meaning 'moving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅριαborderN2N APN · ὅριονsubject→ object specificationὅριον: meaning 'border'; it serves as subject.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐκχεῶpour outVF2 FAI1S · χέω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ futureχέω + ἐκ: meaning 'pour out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὕδωρwaterN3 ASN · ὕδωρcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅρμημάrushing wrathN3M ASN · ὅρμημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ trembling remembrance and saving theophanyὅρμημα: meaning 'rushing wrath'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
11
κατεδυνάστευσεν Εφραιμ τὸν ἀντίδικον αὐτοῦ κατεπάτησεν κρίμα ὅτι ἤρξατο πορεύεσθαι ὀπίσω τῶν ματαίων
Ephraim oppressed his adversary, he trampled judgment, because he began to walk after vanities.
The nation's external oppression grows from internal false worship. Vanity and injustice move together.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
κατεδυνάστευσενoppressedVAI AAI3S · δυναστεύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ aoristδυναστεύω + κατα: meaning 'oppressed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΕφραιμEphraimN NSM · Ἐφράιμname-item in the genealogical register→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀντίδικονadversaryN2 ASM · ἀντίδικοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ reversal, exultation, and divine kingshipἀντίδικος: meaning 'adversary'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
κατεπάτησενtrampledVAI AAI3S · πατέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπατέω + κατα: meaning 'trampled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤρξατοbeganVAI AMI3S · ἄρχωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ perfectiveἄρχω: meaning 'began'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
πορεύεσθαιto goV1 PMN · πορεύομαιinfinitive expressing the only available course→ present middle infinitive of manner of lifeπορεύομαι: meaning 'to go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing the only available course.
ὀπίσωafter / behindP · ὀπίσωpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionὀπίσω: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ματαίωνvain / worthlessA1A GPM · μάταιοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptive qualification→ qualificationμάταιος: meaning 'vain'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptive qualification.
12
καὶ ἐγὼ ὡς ταραχὴ τῷ Εφραιμ καὶ ὡς κέντρον τῷ οἴκῳ Ιουδα
And I am like turmoil to Ephraim and like a sting to the house of Judah.
The Lord describes himself not as passive observer but as the disturbing force piercing both kingdoms with judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ταραχὴturmoilN1 NSF · ταραχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceταραχή: meaning 'turmoil'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕφραιμEphraimN DSM · Ἐφράιμproper name or indeclinable item→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name or indeclinable item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
κέντρονstingN2N NSN · κέντρονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ folly, quarrels, and hidden hostilityκέντρον: meaning 'sting'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
13
καὶ εἶδεν Εφραιμ τὴν νόσον αὐτοῦ καὶ Ιουδας τὴν ὀδύνην αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπορεύθη Εφραιμ πρὸς Ἀσσυρίους καὶ ἀπέστειλεν πρέσβεις πρὸς βασιλέα Ιαριμ καὶ αὐτὸς οὐκ ἠδυνάσθη ἰάσασθαι ὑμᾶς καὶ οὐ μὴ διαπαύσῃ ἐξ ὑμῶν ὀδύνη
And Ephraim saw his sickness and Judah his pain, and Ephraim went to the Assyrians and sent envoys to King Jareb; but he was not able to heal you, and he will certainly not make your pain cease from you.
Political diplomacy is treated as a false medical consultation: the empire cannot cure what covenant rebellion has produced.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶδενsawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΕφραιμEphraimN NSM · Ἐφράιμname-item in the genealogical register→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόσονsicknessN2 ASF · νόσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalνόσος: meaning 'sickness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙουδαςJudasN1T NSM · Ἰούδαςnominative head term or subject complement→ participant identificationΙουδας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative head term or subject complement.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀδύνηνpain / griefN1 ASF · ὀδύνηaccusative substantive functioning as object or goal→ object specificationὀδύνη: meaning 'pain'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύθηgoVCI API3S · πορεύομαιmovement predicate→ verbal action in summary styleπορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as movement predicate.
ΕφραιμEphraimN NSM · Ἐφράιμname-item in the genealogical register→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἈσσυρίουςAssyria / the AssyriansN2 APM · Ἀσσύριοςaccusative (object of εἰς: 'to the Assyrians/Assyria')→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἈσσυρίους: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative (object of εἰς: 'to the Assyrians/Assyria').
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλενsentVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
πρέσβειςenvoysN3I APM · πρέσβιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalπρέσβις: meaning 'envoys'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΙαριμJarebN ASM · Ιαριμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΙαριμ: meaning 'Jareb'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἠδυνάσθηwas ableVSI API3S · δύναμαιfinite verb expressing failed capability→ aorist of unsuccessful attemptδύναμαι: meaning 'was able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb expressing failed capability.
ἰάσασθαιto healVA AMN · ἰάομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ appointed times and creaturely limitsἰάομαι: meaning 'to heal'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or command of the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
διαπαύσῃmake ceaseVA AAS3S · παύω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαύω + δια: meaning 'make cease'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὀδύνηpainN1 NSF · ὀδύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ peace, loyalty, and restrained speechὀδύνη: meaning 'pain'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
14
διότι ἐγώ εἰμι ὡς πανθὴρ τῷ Εφραιμ καὶ ὡς λέων τῷ οἴκῳ Ιουδα καὶ ἐγὼ ἁρπῶμαι καὶ πορεύσομαι καὶ λήμψομαι καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ὁ ἐξαιρούμενος
For I am like a panther to Ephraim and like a lion to the house of Judah; and I will seize and go away, and I will take, and there shall be no one rescuing.
The Lord himself becomes the predator from whom no human protector can recover the prey.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardεἰμί: meaning 'am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πανθὴρpantherN3 NSM · πανθήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπανθήρ: meaning 'panther'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕφραιμEphraimN DSM · Ἐφράιμproper name or indeclinable item→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name or indeclinable item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
λέωνlionN3W NSM · λέωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant prominenceλέων: meaning 'lion'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἁρπῶμαιI will seizeVF2 FMI1S · ἁρπάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἁρπάζω: meaning 'I will seize'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορεύσομαιI will travelVF FMI1S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ futureπορεύομαι: meaning 'I will travel'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or command of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψομαιtakeVF FMI1S · λαμβάνωfuture verb projecting the coming action→ futureλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as future verb projecting the coming action.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔσταιbeV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξαιρούμενοςdeliverV2 · πμπνσμ αἱρέω + ἐκparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance, description, or attendant action→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionπμπνσμ αἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'deliver'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause and supplying circumstance, description, or attendant action.
15
πορεύσομαι καὶ ἐπιστρέψω εἰς τὸν τόπον μου ἕως οὗ ἀφανισθῶσιν καὶ ἐπιζητήσουσιν τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐν θλίψει αὐτῶν ὀρθριοῦσι πρός με λέγοντες
I will go and return to my place until they are destroyed and seek my face; in their affliction they will rise early toward me, saying...
The chapter ends in suspended tension: divine withdrawal remains until affliction finally drives the people to earnest seeking.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
πορεύσομαιI will travelVF FMI1S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ futureπορεύομαι: meaning 'I will travel'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or command of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστρέψωreturnVF FAI1S · στρέφω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπονplaceN2 ASM · τόποςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀφανισθῶσινare destroyedVS APS3P · ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἵζω + ἀπο + ἀνα: meaning 'are destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιζητήσουσινseekVF FAI3P · ζητέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseζητέω + ἐπι: meaning 'seek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπόνfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
θλίψειafflictionN3I DSF · θλῖψιςobject of ἐν→ sphere or referenceθλῖψις: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as object of ἐν.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὀρθριοῦσιwill rise earlyVF2 FAI3P · ὀρθρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseὀρθρίζω: meaning 'will rise early'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
λέγοντεςsayingV1 · παπνπμ λέγωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ present participle introducing direct proposalπαπνπμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.