1
πορευθῶμεν καὶ ἐπιστρέψωμεν πρὸς κύριον τὸν θεὸν ἡμῶν ὅτι αὐτὸς ἥρπακεν καὶ ἰάσεται ἡμᾶς πατάξει καὶ μοτώσει ἡμᾶς
Come, and let us return to the Lord our God, because he has seized us and will heal us; he will strike and will bind us up.
The opening voice treats divine wounding as the very reason to return: the one who has torn is also the only healer.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
πορευθῶμενlet us goVC APS1P · πορεύομαιhortatory subjunctive coordinated with ποιήσωμεν→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: meaning 'let us go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as hortatory subjunctive coordinated with ποιήσωμεν.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστρέψωμενlet us returnVA AAS1P · στρέφω + ἐπιhortatory subjunctive for a later return→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'let us return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as hortatory subjunctive for a later return.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἥρπακενhas seizedVX XAI3S · ἁρπάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἁρπάζω: meaning 'has seized'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰάσεταιwill healVF FMI3S · ἰάομαιcomplementary infinitive (with δύνασθαι)→ aorist passive infinitive (the impossible healing)ἰάομαι: meaning 'will heal'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as complementary infinitive (with δύνασθαι).
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
πατάξειstruck / killedVF FAI3S · πατάσσωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting a coming actionπατάσσω: meaning 'struck'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μοτώσειwill bind upVF FAI3S · μοτόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseμοτόω: meaning 'will bind up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
2
ὑγιάσει ἡμᾶς μετὰ δύο ἡμέρας ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ ἀναστησόμεθα καὶ ζησόμεθα ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ
He will restore us to health after two days; on the third day we shall rise again and live before him.
The compressed time language gives the appeal its urgency and confidence, envisioning renewed life in the presence of God after judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὑγιάσειwill restore to healthVF FAI3S · ὑγιάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὑγιάζω: meaning 'will restore to health'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δύοtwoM · δύοcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίτῃthirdA1 DSF · τρίτοςadjectival or ordinal modifierτρίτος: meaning 'third'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἀναστησόμεθαwe shall rise againVF FMI1P · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'we shall rise again'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζησόμεθαcame to lifeVF FMI1P · ζάωmain verb (the revival)→ futureζάω: meaning 'came to life'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the revival).
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
3
καὶ γνωσόμεθα διώξομεν τοῦ γνῶναι τὸν κύριον ὡς ὄρθρον ἕτοιμον εὑρήσομεν αὐτόν καὶ ἥξει ὡς ὑετὸς ἡμῖν πρόιμος καὶ ὄψιμος τῇ γῇ
And we shall know; we shall pursue knowing the Lord. As the dawn he is ready and we shall find him, and he will come to us like rain, early and late rain upon the earth.
True return is described as pursuit of the knowledge of the Lord, and his coming is imaged as the dependable rains that restore the land.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνωσόμεθαknowingVF FMI1P · γιγνώσκωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ middle verbal form highlighting the subject's participation in the actionγιγνώσκω: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
διώξομενwe shall pursueVF FAI1P · διώκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseδιώκω: meaning 'we shall pursue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γνῶναιγιγνωσκωVZ AAN · γιγνώσκωinfinitive expressing purpose, content, or complementary action→ infinitival force: verbal idea expressed without person or numberγιγνώσκω: meaning 'γιγνωσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing purpose, content, or complementary action.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὄρθρονdawnN2 ASM · ὄρθροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄρθρος: meaning 'dawn'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἕτοιμονἕτοιμοςA1 ASM · ἕτοιμοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ content focusἕτοιμος: meaning 'ἕτοιμος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
εὑρήσομενshall we findVF FAI1P · εὑρίσκωverb of the rhetorical question→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'shall we find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of the rhetorical question.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥξειwill comeVF FAI3S · ἥκωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ futureἥκω: meaning 'will come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὑετὸςrainN2 NSM · ὑετόςnominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ participant prominenceὑετός: meaning 'rain'; it serves as nominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complement→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form functioning as a dative complement.
πρόιμοςearlyA1B NSM · πρώιμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπρώιμος: meaning 'early'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄψιμοςlateA1B NSM · ὄψιμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὄψιμος: meaning 'late'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
4
τί σοι ποιήσω Εφραιμ τί σοι ποιήσω Ιουδα τὸ δὲ ἔλεος ὑμῶν ὡς νεφέλη πρωινὴ καὶ ὡς δρόσος ὀρθρινὴ πορευομένη
What shall I do to you, Ephraim? What shall I do to you, Judah? Your mercy is like a morning cloud and like early dew passing away.
The hopeful communal voice is answered by the Lord's grief: the covenant loyalty of both kingdoms evaporates as quickly as dawn moisture.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ποιήσωdo / makeVF FAI1S · ποιέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ΕφραιμEphraimN VSM · Ἐφράιμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΕφραιμ: meaning 'Ephraim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ποιήσωdo / makeVF FAI1S · ποιέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ΙουδαJudahN VSM · Ιουδαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E NSN · ἔλεοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
νεφέληcloudN1 NSF · νεφέληnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ nominative element contributing participant or descriptionνεφέλη: meaning 'cloud'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πρωινὴmorningA1 NSF · πρωινόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπρωινός: meaning 'morning'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δρόσοςdewN2 NSF · δρόσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδρόσος: meaning 'dew'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὀρθρινὴearlyA1 NSF · ὀρθρινόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ measured judgment and providential contrastὀρθρινός: meaning 'early'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πορευομένηpassing awayV1 · πμπνσφ πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπμπνσφ πορεύομαι: meaning 'passing away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
διὰ τοῦτο ἀπεθέρισα τοὺς προφήτας ὑμῶν ἀπέκτεινα αὐτοὺς ἐν ῥήμασιν στόματός μου καὶ τὸ κρίμα μου ὡς φῶς ἐξελεύσεται
Because of this I cut down your prophets; I killed them by the words of my mouth, and my judgment shall go forth as light.
Prophetic speech is portrayed as an instrument of divine judgment, not mere warning; the Lord's verdict breaks out with exposing clarity.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀπεθέρισαI cut downVAI AAI1S · θερίζω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseθερίζω + ἀπο: meaning 'I cut down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήταςprophetN1M APM · προφήτηςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀπέκτειναI killedVAI AAI1S · κτείνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseκτείνω + ἀπο: meaning 'I killed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ῥήμασινwordsN3M DPN · ῥῆμαdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
στόματόςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptive qualification→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptive qualification.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M NSN · κρίμαsubject nominative→ participant prominenceκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as subject nominative.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
φῶςlightN3T NSN · φῶςnominative subject / predicate element in the clause→ participant prominenceφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
ἐξελεύσεταιshall come forthVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verb (prophetic prediction)→ future middle verbal form projecting a coming actionἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'shall come forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (prophetic prediction).
6
διότι ἔλεος θέλω καὶ οὐ θυσίαν καὶ ἐπίγνωσιν θεοῦ ἢ ὁλοκαυτώματα
For I desire mercy and not sacrifice, and knowledge of God rather than whole burnt offerings.
The chapter's theological center subordinates cult to covenant fidelity: sacrificial performance cannot substitute for steadfast love and real knowledge of God.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
θέλωwish, wantV1 PAI1S · θέλωmain verb→ present active indicativeθέλω: meaning 'wish, want'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
θυσίανsacrificeN1A ASF · θυσίαcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationθυσία: meaning 'sacrifice'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπίγνωσινrecognitionN3I ASF · ἐπίγνωσιςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ seeking wisdom and moral preservationἐπίγνωσις: meaning 'recognition'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁλοκαυτώματαburnt offeringN3M APN · ὁλοκαύτωμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: meaning 'burnt offering'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
7
αὐτοὶ δέ εἰσιν ὡς ἄνθρωπος παραβαίνων διαθήκην ἐκεῖ κατεφρόνησέν μου
But they are like a man transgressing a covenant; there they despised me.
The issue is not ritual irregularity alone but covenant treachery. Israel has treated the divine bond as something to be violated and scorned.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
αὐτοὶhe / she / itRD NPM · αὐτόςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὶ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσινareV9 PAI3P · εἰμίfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
παραβαίνωνtransgressingV1 · παπνσμ βαίνω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ βαίνω + παρα: meaning 'transgressing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διαθήκηνcovenantN1 ASF · διαθήκηcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ adverbial nuanceἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
κατεφρόνησένdespisedVAI AAI3S · φρονέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseφρονέω + κατα: meaning 'despised'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
8
Γαλααδ πόλις ἐργαζομένη μάταια ταράσσουσα ὕδωρ
Gilead is a city working vanity, troubling water.
Gilead, associated with healing elsewhere, is here marked as a site of moral futility and disturbance rather than remedy.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ΓαλααδGileadN NSM · Γαλαάδadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΓαλααδ: meaning 'Gilead'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόλιςcityN3I NSF · πόλιςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐργαζομένηworkingV1 · πμπνσφ ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπμπνσφ ἐργάζομαι: meaning 'working'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μάταιαvain thingsA1A APN · μάταιοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ nominal, pronominal, or adjectival contribution to the oracle's imagery and argumentμάταιος: meaning 'vain things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
ταράσσουσαtroublingV1 · παπνσφ ταράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπνσφ ταράσσω: meaning 'troubling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὕδωρwaterN3 ASN · ὕδωρcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
9
καὶ ἡ ἰσχύς σου ἀνδρὸς πειρατοῦ ἔκρυψαν ἱερεῖς ὁδὸν κυρίου ἐφόνευσαν Σικιμα ὅτι ἀνομίαν ἐποίησαν
And your strength is like that of a pirate; priests hid the way of the Lord, they murdered at Shechem, because they committed lawlessness.
The indictment sharpens against the priesthood itself: those meant to guard the Lord's way become ambushers and murderers.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχύςarmy / forceN3 NSF · ἰσχύςnominative term in clause/list→ participant prominenceἰσχύς: meaning 'army'; it serves as nominative term in clause/list.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
πειρατοῦpirateN1M GSM · πειρατήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or qualityπειρατής: meaning 'pirate'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἔκρυψανhidVAI AAI3P · κρύπτωmain verb of the relative clause→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardκρύπτω: meaning 'hid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the relative clause.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὁδὸνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ object specificationὁδὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐφόνευσανthey murderedVAI AAI3P · φονεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφονεύω: meaning 'they murdered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΣικιμαShechemN AS · Σικιμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣικιμα: meaning 'Shechem'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνομίανiniquitiesN1A ASF · ἀνομίαcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἀνομία: meaning 'iniquities'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
10
ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ Ισραηλ εἶδον φρικώδη ἐκεῖ πορνείαν τοῦ Εφραιμ ἐμιάνθη Ισραηλ καὶ Ιουδα
In the house of Israel I saw horrible things: there is the fornication of Ephraim; Israel and Judah were defiled.
The Lord names the condition as something ghastly and visible within Israel's own house, with defilement spreading across both kingdoms.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
εἶδονseeVBI AAI1S · ὁράωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
φρικώδηhorrible thingsA3H ASF · φρικώδηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalφρικώδης: meaning 'horrible things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ adverbial nuanceἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
πορνείανprostitutionN1A ASF · πορνείαaccusative nominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ object specificationπορνεία: meaning 'prostitution'; it serves as accusative nominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕφραιμEphraimN GSM · Ἐφράιμplace-name in the allotment list→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as place-name in the allotment list.
ἐμιάνθηwas defiledVCI API3S · μιαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμιαίνω: meaning 'was defiled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙουδαJudahN NSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
11
ἄρχου τρυγᾶν σεαυτῷ ἐν τῷ ἐπιστρέφειν με τὴν αἰχμαλωσίαν τοῦ λαοῦ μου
Begin to reap for yourself, when I turn back the captivity of my people.
The closing imperative is abrupt and difficult, but in context it functions as a final word of reckoning given on the edge of the Lord's restorative reversal.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἄρχουbeginV1 PMD2S · ἄρχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἄρχω: meaning 'begin'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τρυγᾶνto reapV3 PAN · τρυγάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseτρυγάω: meaning 'to reap'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεαυτῷfor yourselfRD DSM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form referring to the participant already in view→ participant reference or interestσεαυτῷ: meaning 'for yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant already in view.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιστρέφεινturned backV1 PAN · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turned back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίανcaptivityN1A ASF · αἰχμαλωσίαsubject in apposition (the captives also purified)→ object specificationαἰχμαλωσία: meaning 'captivity'; it serves as subject in apposition (the captives also purified).
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.