1
ἐν τῷ ἰάσασθαί με τὸν Ισραηλ καὶ ἀποκαλυφθήσεται ἡ ἀδικία Εφραιμ καὶ ἡ κακία Σαμαρείας ὅτι ἠργάσαντο ψευδῆ καὶ κλέπτης πρὸς αὐτὸν εἰσελεύσεται ἐκδιδύσκων λῃστὴς ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ αὐτοῦ
When I healed Israel, then the injustice of Ephraim shall be uncovered and the evil of Samaria, because they worked false things; and a thief shall come in to him, stripping, a robber on his road.
The Lord's healing intent becomes the occasion for revelation: beneath the surface lies fraud, theft, and public-lawless invasion.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰάσασθαίto healVA AMN · ἰάομαιverbal form expressing the action, command, wish, or infinitive idea of the clauseἰάομαι: meaning 'to heal'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form expressing the action, command, wish, or infinitive idea of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποκαλυφθήσεταιshall be uncoveredVV FPI3S · καλύπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal form contributing subordinate action, manner, or specification within the oracleκαλύπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'shall be uncovered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδικίαinjusticeN1A NSF · ἀδικίαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἀδικία: meaning 'injustice'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΕφραιμEphraimN GSM · Ἐφράιμplace-name in the allotment list→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as place-name in the allotment list.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κακίαwickedness / evilN1A NSF · κακίαcommon noun within the clause→ content focusκακία: meaning 'wickedness'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
Σαμαρείαςof SamariaN1A GSF · Σαμαρίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or qualityΣαμαρείας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠργάσαντοthey workedVAI AMI3P · ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἐργάζομαι: meaning 'they worked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ψευδῆfalseA3H APN · ψευδήςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ object specificationψευδής: meaning 'false'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κλέπτηςthiefN1M NSM · κλέπτηςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningκλέπτης: meaning 'thief'; it serves as nominative element functioning in the clause core.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
εἰσελεύσεταιwent inVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςfinite verb advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'went in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐκδιδύσκωνstrippingV1 · παπνσμ διδύσκω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπνσμ διδύσκω + ἐκ: meaning 'stripping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λῃστὴςrobberN1M NSM · λῃστήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionλῃστής: meaning 'robber'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδῷwayN2 DSF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ sphere or referenceὁδῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
2
ὅπως συνᾴδωσιν ὡς συνᾴδοντες τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῶν πάσας τὰς κακίας αὐτῶν ἐμνήσθην νῦν ἐκύκλωσεν αὐτοὺς τὰ διαβούλια αὐτῶν ἀπέναντι τοῦ προσώπου μου ἐγένοντο
So that they may agree, as those singing together in their heart, all their evils — I remembered; now their counsels surrounded them; they came to be before my face.
The inner life of the people is portrayed as a kind of chorus set to wickedness. Their own designs now close around them under the Lord's gaze.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or item→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνᾴδωσινthey may agree togetherV1 PAS3P · ᾄδω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseᾄδω + συν: meaning 'they may agree together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
συνᾴδοντεςsinging togetherV1 · παπνπμ ᾄδω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπνπμ ᾄδω + συν: meaning 'singing together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative complement→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative complement.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κακίαςevilsN1A APF · κακίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακία: meaning 'evils'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐμνήσθηνrememberedVSI API1S · μιμνήσκωverbal element carrying the clause's action or process→ constative aoristμιμνήσκω: meaning 'remembered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse pivot to present applicationνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκύκλωσενsurroundedVAI AAI3S · κυκλόωmain verb governing αὐτὴν→ constative aoristκυκλόω: meaning 'surrounded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb governing αὐτὴν.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαβούλιαcounselsN2N NPN · διαβούλιονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδιαβούλιον: meaning 'counsels'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀπέναντιbefore / oppositeP · ἀπέναντιpreposition taking a complement within the phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπέναντι: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition taking a complement within the phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐγένοντοcame to beVBI AMI3P · γίγνομαιcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeγίγνομαι: meaning 'came to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
3
ἐν ταῖς κακίαις αὐτῶν εὔφραναν βασιλεῖς καὶ ἐν τοῖς ψεύδεσιν αὐτῶν ἄρχοντας
In their evils they gladdened kings, and in their falsehoods rulers.
National leadership is not merely tolerating wickedness but taking pleasure in it; falsehood becomes the entertainment and fuel of power.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κακίαιςwickednessN1A DPF · κακίαdative element functioning within the clause→ sphere or referenceκακία: meaning 'wickedness'; it serves as dative element functioning within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εὔφρανανgladdenedVA AAI3P · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseεὐφραίνω: meaning 'gladdened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βασιλεῖςkingN3V APM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψεύδεσινfalsehoodsN3E DPN · ψεῦδοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipientψεῦδος: meaning 'falsehoods'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἄρχονταςruler / chiefN3 APM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἄρχων: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
4
πάντες μοιχεύοντες ὡς κλίβανος καιόμενος εἰς πέψιν κατακαύματος ἀπὸ τῆς φλογός ἀπὸ φυράσεως στέατος ἕως τοῦ ζυμωθῆναι αὐτό
All are committing adultery, like an oven burning for the baking of burning heat, from the flame, from the kneading of dough until it is leavened.
The adulterous and conspiratorial energy of the chapter is rendered as an oven whose heat is sustained from preparation to completion, never cooling.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
μοιχεύοντεςcommitting adulteryV1 · παπνπμ μοιχεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπνπμ μοιχεύω: meaning 'committing adultery'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
κλίβανοςovenA1 NSM · κλίβανοςnominative term functioning in the clause core→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκλίβανος: meaning 'oven'; it serves as nominative term functioning in the clause core.
καιόμενοςkaioV1 · πμπνσμ καίωverbal element advancing the action or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ καίω: meaning 'kaio'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the action or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πέψινbakingN3I ASF · πέψιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalπέψις: meaning 'baking'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κατακαύματοςburning heatN3M GSN · κατάκαυμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or qualityκατάκαυμα: meaning 'burning heat'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φλογόςthe flameN3G GSF · φλόξgenitive noun naming the source of danger→ relational specificationφλόξ: meaning 'the flame'; it serves as genitive noun naming the source of danger.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
φυράσεωςkneadingN3I GSF · φύρασιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or qualityφύρασις: meaning 'kneading'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
στέατοςfatN3T GSN · στέαρgenitive nominal element qualifying another term within the clause→ relational specificationστέαρ: meaning 'fat'; it serves as genitive nominal element qualifying another term within the clause.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζυμωθῆναιbe leavenedVC APN · ζυμοῦσθαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseζυμοῦσθαι: meaning 'be leavened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτό: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
5
αἱ ἡμέραι τῶν βασιλέων ὑμῶν ἤρξαντο οἱ ἄρχοντες θυμοῦσθαι ἐξ οἴνου ἐξέτεινεν τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ μετὰ λοιμῶν
The days of your kings began; the rulers became inflamed with wine; he stretched out his hand with pestilent men.
Royal days are marked not by order but by intoxication and diseased company. Governance itself is fevered and compromised.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἡμέραιdayN1A NPF · ἡμέραhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωνkingsN3V GPM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionβασιλεύς: meaning 'kings'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἤρξαντοbeganVAI AMI3P · ἄρχωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἄρχω: meaning 'began'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'rulers'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
θυμοῦσθαιbe inflamedV4 PMN · θυμόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ mortality, patience, and limited wisdomθυμόω: meaning 'be inflamed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οἴνουwineN2 GSM · οἶνοςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐξέτεινενstretched outVAI AAI3S · τείνω + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeτείνω + ἐκ: meaning 'stretched out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
λοιμῶνpestilent menN2 GPM · λοιμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλοιμός: meaning 'pestilent men'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
6
διότι ἀνεκαύθησαν ὡς κλίβανος αἱ καρδίαι αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ καταράσσειν αὐτούς ὅλην τὴν νύκτα ὕπνου Εφραιμ ἐνεπλήσθη πρωὶ ἐγενήθη ἀνεκαύθη ὡς πυρὸς φέγγος
For their hearts were kindled like an oven when he disturbed them; all night Ephraim was filled with sleep, but in the morning it became kindled like the brightness of fire.
What appears dormant by night flares by morning. The conspiratorial heart stores heat until the moment of visible outbreak.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνεκαύθησανwere kindledVCI API3P · καίω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseκαίω + ἀνα: meaning 'were kindled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
κλίβανοςovenA1 NSM · κλίβανοςnominative term functioning in the clause core→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκλίβανος: meaning 'oven'; it serves as nominative term functioning in the clause core.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καρδίαιheartsN1A NPF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ speech, worship, and inward dispositionκαρδία: meaning 'hearts'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταράσσεινdisturbingV1 PAN · ῥάσσω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseῥάσσω + κατα: meaning 'disturbing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὅληνwholeA1 ASF · ὅλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅλος: meaning 'whole'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νύκταnightN3 ASF · νύξnominal term functioning in a acc relation→ object specificationνύξ: meaning 'night'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a acc relation.
ὕπνουof sleepN2 GSM · ὕπνοςgenitive modifier defining relationship, source, or description→ mortality, decay, and concealmentὕπνος: meaning 'of sleep'; it serves as genitive modifier defining relationship, source, or description.
ΕφραιμEphraimN NSM · Ἐφράιμname-item in the genealogical register→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
ἐνεπλήσθηfillVSI API3S · πίμπλημι + ἐνmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a whole; passive verbal form presenting the subject as acted uponπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'fill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
πρωὶin the morningD · πρωί̈adverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceπρωί̈: meaning 'in the morning'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐγενήθηbecome / happenVCI API3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ ingressive aorist middle/passiveγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἀνεκαύθηwas kindledVCI API3S · καίω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseκαίω + ἀνα: meaning 'was kindled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
φέγγοςbrightnessN3E NSN · φέγγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ nominative element contributing participant or descriptionφέγγος: meaning 'brightness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
7
πάντες ἐθερμάνθησαν ὡς κλίβανος καὶ κατέφαγον τοὺς κριτὰς αὐτῶν πάντες οἱ βασιλεῖς αὐτῶν ἔπεσαν οὐκ ἦν ὁ ἐπικαλούμενος ἐν αὐτοῖς πρός με
All were heated like an oven and devoured their judges; all their kings fell; there was none among them calling upon me.
The fire imagery culminates in political collapse: judges and kings are devoured one after another, and no true invocation of the Lord interrupts the cycle.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἐθερμάνθησανwere heatedVCI API3P · θερμαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseθερμαίνω: meaning 'were heated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
κλίβανοςovenA1 NSM · κλίβανοςnominative term functioning in the clause core→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκλίβανος: meaning 'oven'; it serves as nominative term functioning in the clause core.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέφαγονhad eaten upVBI AAI3P · ἐσθίω + καταmain verb of the second cause→ constative aoristἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'had eaten up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the second cause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριτὰςjudgeN1M APM · κριτήςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationκριτής: meaning 'judge'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῖςkingN3V NPM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἔπεσανfellVAI AAI3P · πίπτωmain verb of casualty total→ constative aoristπίπτω: meaning 'fell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of casualty total.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπικαλούμενοςcalledV2 · πμπνσμ καλέω + ἐπιparticiple modifying Ιωαννης through the article→ verbal action or stateἐπικαλούμενος: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
8
Εφραιμ ἐν τοῖς λαοῖς αὐτοῦ συνανεμείγνυτο Εφραιμ ἐγένετο ἐγκρυφίας οὐ μεταστρεφόμενος
Ephraim was mixed among his peoples; Ephraim became a hidden cake not being turned.
The nation loses its distinctness by mixture, and the cake image suggests something scorched on one side and raw on the other — unfit through imbalance.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ΕφραιμEphraimN NSM · Ἐφράιμname-item in the genealogical register→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῖςpeopleN2 DPM · λαόςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
συνανεμείγνυτοwas mixed amongV5I IMI3S · μίγνυμι + συν + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseμίγνυμι + συν + ἀνα: meaning 'was mixed among'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΕφραιμEphraimN NSM · Ἐφράιμname-item in the genealogical register→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐγκρυφίαςhidden cakeN1T NSM · ἐγκρυφίαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἐγκρυφίας: meaning 'hidden cake'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μεταστρεφόμενοςbeing turnedV1 · πμπνσμ στρέφω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπμπνσμ στρέφω + μετα: meaning 'being turned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
κατέφαγον ἀλλότριοι τὴν ἰσχὺν αὐτοῦ αὐτὸς δὲ οὐκ ἐπέγνω καὶ πολιαὶ ἐξήνθησαν αὐτῷ καὶ αὐτὸς οὐκ ἔγνω
Foreigners devoured his strength, but he did not know; and gray hairs sprang up upon him, and he himself did not know.
Decline is both external and internal. Ephraim is being consumed and aging before its own eyes, yet remains unaware of its condition.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
κατέφαγονhad eaten upVBI AAI3P · ἐσθίω + καταmain verb of the second cause→ constative aoristἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'had eaten up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the second cause.
ἀλλότριοιstrangers / foreignA1A NPM · ἀλλότριοςnominative element functioning within the clause→ participant prominenceἀλλότριος: meaning 'strangers'; it serves as nominative element functioning within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχὺνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςnominal term functioning as a accusative complement→ object specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a accusative complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπέγνωlearnedVZI AAI3S · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιmain verb of recognition→ constative aoristγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'learned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of recognition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πολιαὶgray hairsN1A NPF · πολιάnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπολιά: meaning 'gray hairs'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐξήνθησανsprang upVAI AAI3P · ἀνθέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ aorist verbal form portraying the action as a whole occurrenceἀνθέω + ἐκ: meaning 'sprang up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔγνωlearnedVZI AAI3S · γιγνώσκωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeγιγνώσκω: meaning 'learned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
10
καὶ ταπεινωθήσεται ἡ ὕβρις Ισραηλ εἰς πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐπέστρεψαν πρὸς κύριον τὸν θεὸν αὐτῶν καὶ οὐκ ἐξεζήτησαν αὐτὸν ἐν πᾶσι τούτοις
And the pride of Israel shall be humbled before his face, and they did not return to the Lord their God and did not seek him in all these things.
Even after repeated diminishment, the people remain without true return. Affliction by itself has not produced repentance.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταπεινωθήσεταιhumbleVC FPI3S · ταπεινόωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristταπεινόω: meaning 'humble'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕβριςprideN3I NSF · ὕβριςnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ participant prominenceὕβρις: meaning 'pride'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπέστρεψανturned backVAI AAI3P · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turned back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐξεζήτησανsoughtVAI AAI3P · ζητέω + ἐκfinite verbal form advancing the clause action or assertion→ aoristζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'sought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form advancing the clause action or assertion.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πᾶσιallA3 DPM · πᾶςattributive adjective (with ὁρίοις)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as attributive adjective (with ὁρίοις).
τούτοιςtheseRD DPM · οὗτοςpronoun→ participant reference or interestτούτοις: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
11
καὶ ἦν Εφραιμ ὡς περιστερὰ ἄνους οὐκ ἔχουσα καρδίαν Αἴγυπτον ἐπεκαλεῖτο καὶ εἰς Ἀσσυρίους ἐπορεύθησαν
And Ephraim was like a senseless dove, not having a heart; it called upon Egypt and went to the Assyrians.
The bird image captures foolish mobility without discernment: instead of resting in God, Ephraim flutters anxiously between foreign powers.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΕφραιμEphraimN NSM · Ἐφράιμname-item in the genealogical register→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
περιστερὰdoveN1A NSF · περιστεράnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceπεριστερά: meaning 'dove'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ἄνουςsenselessA1C NSF · ἄνουςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἄνους: meaning 'senseless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔχουσαhaveV1 · παπνσφ ἔχωparticiple supporting the clause action→ prospering wicked and false comfortπαπνσφ ἔχω: meaning 'have'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle supporting the clause action.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ΑἴγυπτονEgyptN2 ASF · Αἴγυπτοςaccusative element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑἴγυπτον: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning within the clause.
ἐπεκαλεῖτοcalled uponV2I IMI3S · καλέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseκαλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'called upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἈσσυρίουςAssyria / the AssyriansN2 APM · Ἀσσύριοςaccusative (object of εἰς: 'to the Assyrians/Assyria')→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἈσσυρίους: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative (object of εἰς: 'to the Assyrians/Assyria').
ἐπορεύθησανgoVCI API3P · πορεύομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aorist passive-form deponentπορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
12
καθὼς ἂν πορεύωνται ἐπιβαλῶ ἐπ' αὐτοὺς τὸ δίκτυόν μου καθὼς τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ κατάξω αὐτούς παιδεύσω αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ ἀκοῇ τῆς θλίψεως αὐτῶν
Whenever they go, I will cast my net upon them; like the birds of the sky I will bring them down; I will discipline them in the hearing of their affliction.
The Lord answers their international wandering with hunter imagery. What they thought escape or strategy becomes the place of capture and correction.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καθὼςjust asD · καθώςadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceκαθώς: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἂνeverX · ἄνmodal particle with the subjunctive→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορεύωνταιthey goV1 PMS3P · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause's action or stateπορεύομαι: meaning 'they go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπιβαλῶI will castVF2 FAI1S · βάλλω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseβάλλω + ἐπι: meaning 'I will cast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δίκτυόνnetN2N ASN · δίκτυονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ accusative element marking object or goalδίκτυον: meaning 'net'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καθὼςjust asD · καθώςadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceκαθώς: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πετεινὰbirdsN2N APN · πετεινόνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπετεινόν: meaning 'birds'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
κατάξωI will bring downVF FAI1S · ἄγω + καταverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ nations judged and zion securedἄγω + κατα: meaning 'I will bring down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or command of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
παιδεύσωI will disciplineVF FAI1S · παιδεύωmain verb (the father's chastisement)→ constative aoristπαιδεύω: meaning 'I will discipline'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the father's chastisement).
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκοῇhearingN1 DSF · ἀκοήdative element functioning as indirect object or object of a preposition→ sphere or referenceἀκοῇ: meaning 'hearing'; here it marks the relation signaled by dative element functioning as indirect object or object of a preposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θλίψεωςafflictionN3I GSF · θλῖψιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationθλῖψις: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
13
οὐαὶ αὐτοῖς ὅτι ἀπεπήδησαν ἀπ' ἐμοῦ δείλαιοί εἰσιν ὅτι ἠσέβησαν εἰς ἐμέ ἐγὼ δὲ ἐλυτρωσάμην αὐτούς αὐτοὶ δὲ κατελάλησαν κατ' ἐμοῦ ψεύδη
Woe to them, because they sprang away from me; they are miserable, because they acted impiously toward me. But I redeemed them, and they spoke lies against me.
The tragedy is sharpened by memory of redemption: the very people rescued by God have answered him with apostasy and slander.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
οὐαὶwoeI · οὐαίinterjection or attention marker heightening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐαί: meaning 'woe'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεπήδησανsprang awayVAI AAI3P · πηδάω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπηδάω + ἀπο: meaning 'sprang away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δείλαιοίmiserableA1A NPM · δείλαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδείλαιος: meaning 'miserable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰσινareV9 PAI3P · εἰμίfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠσέβησανact impiouslyVAI AAI3P · ἀσεβέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionἀσεβέω: meaning 'act impiously'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμέegoRP AS · ἐγώaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceἐμέ: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλυτρωσάμηνredeemVAI AMI1S · λυτρόωverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeλυτρόω: meaning 'redeem'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοὶhe / she / itRD NPM · αὐτόςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὶ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατελάλησανκαταVAI AAI3P · λαλέω + καταfinite verb governing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeλαλέω + κατα: meaning 'κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb governing the clause.
κατ'againstP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατ': meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ψεύδηliesA3H APN · ψευδήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ household prudence and fear of the Lordψευδής: meaning 'lies'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
14
καὶ οὐκ ἐβόησαν πρός με αἱ καρδίαι αὐτῶν ἀλλ' ἢ ὠλόλυζον ἐν ταῖς κοίταις αὐτῶν ἐπὶ σίτῳ καὶ οἴνῳ κατετέμνοντο ἐπαιδεύθησαν ἐν ἐμοί
And their hearts did not cry to me, but they howled upon their beds; over grain and wine they gashed themselves; they were disciplined in me.
Their cries are driven by appetite and pain, not by genuine return. Even discipline fails to reach the heart's true address toward God.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐβόησανcry outVAI AAI3P · βοάωmain verbal predicate of appeal→ aorist indicative summaryβοάω: meaning 'cry out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate of appeal.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καρδίαιheartsN1A NPF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ speech, worship, and inward dispositionκαρδία: meaning 'hearts'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὠλόλυζονhowledV1I IAI3P · ὀλολύζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseὀλολύζω: meaning 'howled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοίταιςbedsN1 DPF · κοίτηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsκοίτη: meaning 'beds'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σίτῳgrainN2 DSM · σῖτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipientσῖτος: meaning 'grain'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἴνῳwineN2 DSM · οἶνοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependent→ sphere or referenceοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a genitive dependent.
κατετέμνοντοgashed themselvesV1I IMI3P · τέμνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseτέμνω + κατα: meaning 'gashed themselves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπαιδεύθησανwere disciplinedVCI API3P · παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαιδεύω: meaning 'were disciplined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμοίIRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phrase→ participant reference or interestἐμοί: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element linking or specifying a noun phrase.
15
κἀγὼ κατίσχυσα τοὺς βραχίονας αὐτῶν καὶ εἰς ἐμὲ ἐλογίσαντο πονηρά
And I strengthened their arms, but against me they reckoned evil things.
The Lord himself had equipped them for strength, yet the gift has been converted into hostile imagination and misuse.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
κἀγὼand IC+RPNS · καί̈ἐγώsubstantival or adjectival term contributing to the clause's argument or scene-setting→ coordinationκαί̈ἐγώ: meaning 'and I'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
κατίσχυσαI strengthenedVAI AAI1S · ἰσχύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἰσχύω + κατα: meaning 'I strengthened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βραχίοναςβραχίωνN3N APM · βραχίωνaccusative term functioning as complement or object→ object specificationβραχίων: meaning 'βραχίων'; it serves as accusative term functioning as complement or object.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐλογίσαντοimaginedVAI AMI3P · λογίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλογίζομαι: meaning 'imagined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πονηράevil thingsA1A APN · πονηρόςaccusative of charge/content→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil things'; it serves as accusative of charge/content.
16
ἀπεστράφησαν εἰς οὐθέν ἐγένοντο ὡς τόξον ἐντεταμένον πεσοῦνται ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ οἱ ἄρχοντες αὐτῶν δι' ἀπαιδευσίαν γλώσσης αὐτῶν οὗτος ὁ φαυλισμὸς αὐτῶν ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ
They turned aside into nothing; they became like a bent bow; their rulers shall fall by the sword because of the lack of discipline of their tongue; this is their derision in the land of Egypt.
The closing image of the unreliable bow gathers the chapter's theme: political and moral unreliability leads to violent collapse and foreign scorn.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἀπεστράφησανthey turned backVDI API3P · στρέφω + ἀποmain verb (the flight back)→ constative aorist (the retreat)στρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'they turned back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the flight back).
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
οὐθένοὐδείςA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationοὐδείς: meaning 'οὐδείς'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐγένοντοcame to beVBI AMI3P · γίγνομαιcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeγίγνομαι: meaning 'came to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τόξονbowN2N NSN · τόξονnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endτόξον: meaning 'bow'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning within the clause.
ἐντεταμένονbentVM · χμπνσν τείνω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseχμπνσν τείνω + ἐν: meaning 'bent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πεσοῦνταιfellVF2 FMI3P · πίπτωfinite verb advancing the clause→ futureπίπτω: meaning 'fell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ῥομφαίᾳswordN1A DSF · ῥομφαίαcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'rulers'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement.
ἀπαιδευσίανlack of disciplineN1A ASF · ἀπαιδευσίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀπαιδευσία: meaning 'lack of discipline'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γλώσσηςtongueN1S GSF · γλῶσσαgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ relational specificationγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φαυλισμὸςderisionN2 NSM · φαυλισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionφαυλισμός: meaning 'derision'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ΑἰγύπτῳEgyptN2 DSF · Αἴγυπτοςnominal term functioning in a dat relation→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτῳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal term functioning in a dat relation.