1
μὴ χαῖρε Ισραηλ μηδὲ εὐφραίνου καθὼς οἱ λαοί διότι ἐπόρνευσας ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ σου ἠγάπησας δόματα ἐπὶ πάντα ἅλωνα σίτου
Do not rejoice, Israel, nor be glad like the nations, because you committed fornication away from your God; you loved gifts upon every threshing floor of grain.
The chapter opens by forbidding communal joy itself. Israel's harvest celebration has become inseparable from covenant infidelity and hired fertility religion.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
χαῖρεrejoiceV1 PAD2S · χαίρωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ imperative verbal form issuing a commandχαίρω: meaning 'rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN VSM · Ἰσραήλproper name functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the clause or phrase.
μηδὲand do not / norC · μηδέcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationμηδὲ: meaning 'and do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐφραίνουbe gladV1 PMD2S · εὐφραίνωmain verb→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεὐφραίνω: meaning 'be glad'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
καθὼςjust asD · καθώςadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceκαθώς: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοίpeopleN2 NPM · λαόςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπόρνευσαςyou committed fornicationVAI AAI2S · πορνεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ aoristπορνεύω: meaning 'you committed fornication'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἠγάπησαςyou lovedVAI AAI2S · ἀγαπάωfinite verbal form carrying the clause action or assertion→ aorist indicativeἀγαπάω: meaning 'you loved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form carrying the clause action or assertion.
δόματαgiftsN3M APN · δόμαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationδόμα: meaning 'gifts'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἅλωναthreshing floorN3W ASF · ἅλωνaccusative element functioning as object or goalἅλων: meaning 'threshing floor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
σίτουgrainN2 GSM · σῖτοςgenitive of content (fill with grain)→ relational specificationσῖτος: meaning 'grain'; it serves as genitive of content (fill with grain).
2
ἅλων καὶ ληνὸς οὐκ ἔγνω αὐτούς καὶ ὁ οἶνος ἐψεύσατο αὐτούς
Threshing floor and winepress did not know them, and the wine deceived them.
The very places of hoped-for increase no longer recognize or sustain the people; promised plenty turns into disappointment.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἅλωνthreshing floorN3W NSF · ἅλωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἅλων: meaning 'threshing floor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ληνὸςwinepressN2 NSF · ληνόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionληνός: meaning 'winepress'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔγνωlearnedVZI AAI3S · γιγνώσκωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeγιγνώσκω: meaning 'learned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶνοςwineN2 NSM · οἶνοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ participant prominenceοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
ἐψεύσατοproved falseVAI AMI3S · ψεύδωmain verb exposing Demetrius' duplicityψεύδω: meaning 'proved false'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb exposing Demetrius' duplicity.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
3
οὐ κατῴκησαν ἐν τῇ γῇ τοῦ κυρίου κατῴκησεν Εφραιμ εἰς Αἴγυπτον καὶ ἐν Ἀσσυρίοις ἀκάθαρτα φάγονται
They did not dwell in the land of the Lord; Ephraim dwelt in Egypt, and in Assyria they shall eat unclean things.
Land loss and food impurity summarize covenant curse: the people are displaced from holy space and reduced to unclean sustenance abroad.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
κατῴκησανthey dweltVAI AAI3P · οἰκέω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist indicative summaryοἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'they dwelt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
κατῴκησενdwellVAI AAI3S · οἰκέω + καταfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist indicative summaryοἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ΕφραιμEphraimN NSM · Ἐφράιμname-item in the genealogical register→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΑἴγυπτονEgyptN2 ASF · Αἴγυπτοςaccusative element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑἴγυπτον: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἈσσυρίοιςAssyriansN2 DPM · ἈσσύριοςProper name within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἈσσυρίοις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as Proper name within the clause.
ἀκάθαρταuncleanA1B APN · ἀκάθαρτοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἀκάθαρτος: meaning 'unclean'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
φάγονταιeatsVF FMI3P · ἐσθίωverb of indefinite relative clause (protasis)→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardἐσθίω: meaning 'eats'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of indefinite relative clause (protasis).
4
οὐκ ἔσπεισαν τῷ κυρίῳ οἶνον καὶ οὐχ ἥδυναν αὐτῷ αἱ θυσίαι αὐτῶν ὡς ἄρτος πένθους αὐτοῖς πάντες οἱ ἔσθοντες αὐτὰ μιανθήσονται διότι οἱ ἄρτοι αὐτῶν ταῖς ψυχαῖς αὐτῶν οὐκ εἰσελεύσονται εἰς τὸν οἶκον κυρίου
They did not pour out wine to the Lord, and their sacrifices did not please him; their sacrifices are to them like bread of mourning; all who eat them shall be defiled, because their breads are for their own lives and shall not enter into the house of the Lord.
Cult remains outwardly possible, but it is rendered unacceptable and contaminating; what should have been communion becomes funeral bread.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔσπεισανpoured outVAI AAI3P · σπένδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσπένδω: meaning 'poured out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ simple negationοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἥδυνανpleasedVA AAI3P · ἡδύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἡδύνω: meaning 'pleased'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
θυσίαιsacrificesN1A NPF · θυσίαnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ participant prominenceθυσία: meaning 'sacrifices'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἄρτοςbreadN2 NSM · ἄρτοςnominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ participant prominenceἄρτος: meaning 'bread'; it serves as nominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
πένθουςmourningN3E GSN · πένθοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptive qualification→ relational specificationπένθος: meaning 'mourning'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptive qualification.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔσθοντεςesthontesV1 · παπνπμ ἐσθίωverbal element advancing the action or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ἐσθίω: meaning 'esthontes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the action or state of the clause.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὰ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
μιανθήσονταιshall be defiledVC FPI3P · μιαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseμιαίνω: meaning 'shall be defiled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρτοιbreadN2 NPM · ἄρτοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ participant prominenceἄρτος: meaning 'bread'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχαῖςsouls / dead personsN1 DPF · ψυχήcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceψυχή: meaning 'souls'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εἰσελεύσονταιwent inVF FMI3P · ἔρχομαι + εἰςfinite verb advancing the clause→ future aspect: presents the action as prospectiveἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'went in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
5
τί ποιήσετε ἐν ἡμέρᾳ πανηγύρεως καὶ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ἑορτῆς τοῦ κυρίου
What will you do on the day of the festival and on the day of the feast of the Lord?
The rhetorical question exposes the collapse of liturgical future. A people facing exile has no stable sacred calendar left to inhabit.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ποιήσετεdo / makeVF FAI2P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ future / prospective force looking ahead from the speech momentποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
πανηγύρεωςfestivalN3I GSF · πανήγυριςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or qualityπανήγυρις: meaning 'festival'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἑορτῆςa feastN1 GSF · ἑορτήobject of πρό→ relational specificationἑορτή: meaning 'a feast'; it serves as object of πρό.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
6
διὰ τοῦτο ἰδοὺ πορεύσονται ἐκ ταλαιπωρίας Αἰγύπτου καὶ ἐκδέξεται αὐτοὺς Μέμφις καὶ θάψει αὐτοὺς Μαχμας τὸ ἀργύριον αὐτῶν ὄλεθρος κληρονομήσει ἄκανθαι ἐν τοῖς σκηνώμασιν αὐτῶν
Because behold, they shall go from misery into Egypt, and Memphis shall receive them, and Machmas shall bury them; destruction shall inherit their silver, and thorns in their tents.
Exile is described not as strategic relocation but as misery, burial, and dispossession. Even wealth and domestic shelter fall under curse.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse markerἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
πορεύσονταιporeyomaiVF FMI3P · πορεύομαιfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: meaning 'poreyomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταλαιπωρίαςmiseryN1A GSF · ταλαιπωρίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationταλαιπωρία: meaning 'misery'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκδέξεταιshall receiveVF FMI3S · δέχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδέχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'shall receive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ΜέμφιςMemphisN NS · Μέμφιςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΜέμφις: meaning 'Memphis'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θάψειwill buryVF FAI3S · θάπτωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clauseθάπτω: meaning 'will bury'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or command of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ΜαχμαςMachmasN NS · Μαχμαςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΜαχμας: meaning 'Machmas'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονaccusative complement→ object specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as accusative complement.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὄλεθροςdestructionN2 NSM · ὄλεθροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄλεθρος: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κληρονομήσειinheritVF FAI3S · κληρονομέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ futureκληρονομέω: meaning 'inherit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or command of the clause.
ἄκανθαιthornsN1A NPF · ἄκανθαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentἄκανθα: meaning 'thorns'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνώμασινtentsN3M DPN · σκήνωμαdative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceσκήνωμα: meaning 'tents'; it serves as dative of place (locative).
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
7
ἥκασιν αἱ ἡμέραι τῆς ἐκδικήσεως ἥκασιν αἱ ἡμέραι τῆς ἀνταποδόσεώς σου καὶ κακωθήσεται Ισραηλ ὥσπερ ὁ προφήτης ὁ παρεξεστηκώς ἄνθρωπος ὁ πνευματοφόρος ὑπὸ τοῦ πλήθους τῶν ἀδικιῶν σου ἐπληθύνθη μανία σου
The days of vengeance have come, the days of your recompense have come, and Israel shall be afflicted like the prophet beside himself, a man bearing the spirit, because of the multitude of your injustices your madness was multiplied.
The chapter declares judgment-time openly. What the people call prophetic frenzy mirrors the disorder their own multiplied sins have produced.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ἥκασινhave comeV1 PAI3P · ἥκωparticiple modifying the clause with verbal force→ present verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationἥκω: meaning 'have come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with verbal force.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἡμέραιdayN1A NPF · ἡμέραhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκδικήσεωςεκδικησιςN3I GSF · ἐκδίκησιςgenitive element marking relation, source, or possession→ relational specificationἐκδίκησις: meaning 'εκδικησις'; it serves as genitive element marking relation, source, or possession.
ἥκασινhave comeV1 PAI3P · ἥκωparticiple modifying the clause with verbal force→ present verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationἥκω: meaning 'have come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with verbal force.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἡμέραιdayN1A NPF · ἡμέραhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνταποδόσεώςrecompenseN3I GSF · ἀνταπόδοσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or qualityἀνταπόδοσις: meaning 'recompense'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κακωθήσεταιshall be afflictedVC FPI3S · κακόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ future promise or projected resultκακόω: meaning 'shall be afflicted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτηςprophetN1M NSM · προφήτηςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεξεστηκώςbeside himselfVXI XAPNSM I(/STHMI PARA · ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἐκ: meaning 'beside himself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πνευματοφόροςbearing the spiritN2 NSM · πνευματοφόροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπνευματοφόρος: meaning 'bearing the spirit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement→ relation marked by the governing prepositionὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλήθουςplethosN3E GSN · πλῆθοςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'plethos'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδικιῶνwickednessN1A GPF · ἀδικίαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ relational specificationἀδικία: meaning 'wickedness'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐπληθύνθηwas multipliedVCI API3S · πληθύνωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristπληθύνω: meaning 'was multiplied'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
μανίαmadnessN1A NSF · μανίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionμανία: meaning 'madness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
8
σκοπὸς Εφραιμ μετὰ θεοῦ προφήτης παγὶς σκολιὰ ἐπὶ πάσας τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ μανίαν ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου κατέπηξαν
Ephraim's watchman is with God, a prophet, but a crooked snare is upon all his ways; they fixed madness in the house of the Lord.
The prophetic office remains aligned with God, yet the nation's response turns every path into entrapment, even in the sanctuary itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
σκοπὸςwatchmanN2 NSM · σκοπόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionσκοπός: meaning 'watchman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΕφραιμEphraimN NSM · Ἐφράιμname-item in the genealogical register→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
προφήτηςprophetN1M NSM · προφήτηςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
παγὶςsnareN3D NSF · παγίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαγίς: meaning 'snare'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σκολιὰcrookedA1A NSF · σκολιόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ covenant witness, rebellion, and divine vindicationσκολιός: meaning 'crooked'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοὺςwayN2 APF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ object specificationὁδοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
μανίανμανίανN1A ASF · μανίαaccusative term functioning as complement or object→ public reversal and the collapse of the ungodlyμανία: meaning 'μανίαν'; it serves as accusative term functioning as complement or object.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
κατέπηξανfixedVAI AAI3P · πήγνυμι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπήγνυμι + κατα: meaning 'fixed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
ἐφθάρησαν κατὰ τὰς ἡμέρας τοῦ βουνοῦ μνησθήσεται ἀδικίας αὐτοῦ ἐκδικήσει ἁμαρτίας αὐτοῦ
They were corrupted as in the days of the hill; he will remember their injustice, he will avenge their sins.
Present judgment is tied to a remembered pattern of deep corruption. Nothing has been forgotten, and covenant memory becomes grounds for recompense.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐφθάρησανwere corruptedVDI API3P · φθείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseφθείρω: meaning 'were corrupted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουνοῦhillN2 GSM · βουνόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationβουνός: meaning 'hill'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μνησθήσεταιhe will rememberVS FPI3S · μιμνήσκωmain verb giving the reason for urgency→ future middle/passive indicativeμιμνήσκω: meaning 'he will remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb giving the reason for urgency.
ἀδικίαςiniquitiesN1A APF · ἀδικίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀδικία: meaning 'iniquities'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐκδικήσειhe will take vengeanceVF FAI3S · δικέω + ἐκmain verb (God's act of vengeance)→ theophanic vengeance and announced downfallδικέω + ἐκ: meaning 'he will take vengeance'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (God's act of vengeance).
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A APF · ἁμαρτίαnominal term functioning as a accusative complement→ object specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a accusative complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
10
ὡς σταφυλὴν ἐν ἐρήμῳ εὗρον τὸν Ισραηλ καὶ ὡς σκοπὸν ἐν συκῇ πρόιμον εἶδον πατέρας αὐτῶν αὐτοὶ εἰσῆλθον πρὸς τὸν Βεελφεγωρ καὶ ἀπηλλοτριώθησαν εἰς αἰσχύνην καὶ ἐγένοντο οἱ ἠγαπημένοι ὡς οἱ ἐβδελυγμένοι
Like grapes in the wilderness I found Israel, and like an early watchman on a fig tree I saw their fathers. They went in to Baal-peor and were estranged to shame, and the beloved became as the abominable things.
The Lord recalls Israel's early desirability only to contrast it with the disastrous turn at Baal-peor, where affection became alienation and disgust.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
σταφυλὴνgrapesN1 ASF · σταφυλήnominal term functioning as an accusative complement→ object specificationσταφυλή: meaning 'grapes'; it serves as nominal term functioning as an accusative complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐρήμῳwildernessN2 DSF · ἔρημοςnominal term functioning in a dat relation→ sphere or referenceἔρημος: meaning 'wilderness'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a dat relation.
εὗρονI have foundVB AAI1S · εὑρίσκωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ constative aorist presenting the event as a wholeεὑρίσκω: meaning 'I have found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
σκοπὸνas a marker / for gazingN2 ASM · σκοπόςaccusative in apposition / predicate complement to λίθον→ public reversal and the collapse of the ungodlyσκοπός: meaning 'as a marker'; it serves as accusative in apposition / predicate complement to λίθον.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
συκῇfig treeN1 DSF · συκῆdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipientσυκῆ: meaning 'fig tree'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πρόιμονearlyA1B ASM · πρώιμοςaccusative nominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ object specificationπρώιμος: meaning 'early'; it serves as accusative nominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement.
εἶδονseeVBI AAI1S · ὁράωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
πατέραςfathersN3 APM · πατήρaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
αὐτοὶhe / she / itRD NPM · αὐτόςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὶ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εἰσῆλθονwent inVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + εἰςfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'went in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒεελφεγωρBaal-peorN ASM · Βεελφεγωρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΒεελφεγωρ: meaning 'Baal-peor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπηλλοτριώθησανwere estrangedVCI API3P · ἀλλοτριόω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀλλοτριόω + ἀπο: meaning 'were estranged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αἰσχύνηνshameN1 ASF · αἰσχύνηObject / complement→ object specificationαἰσχύνη: meaning 'shame'; it serves as Object / complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένοντοcame to beVBI AMI3P · γίγνομαιcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeγίγνομαι: meaning 'came to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἠγαπημένοιbelovedVM · χμπνπμ ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseχμπνπμ ἀγαπάω: meaning 'beloved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐβδελυγμένοιabominable thingsVKI XPPNSMBDELU/SSWverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἐβδελυγμένοι: meaning 'abominable things'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
11
Εφραιμ ὡς ὄρνεον ἐξεπετάσθη αἱ δόξαι αὐτῶν ἐκ τόκων καὶ ὠδίνων καὶ συλλήμψεων
Ephraim, like a bird, their glories flew away from births and from labor pains and from conceptions.
The imagery of flight strips the future from the people: honor departs precisely at the points where life and lineage should continue.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ΕφραιμEphraimN NSM · Ἐφράιμname-item in the genealogical register→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὄρνεονbirdN2N NSN · ὄρνεονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileὄρνεον: meaning 'bird'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐξεπετάσθηἐκVCI API3S · πετάζω + ἐκverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ bloody city exposed and irreversible ruinπετάζω + ἐκ: meaning 'ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δόξαιgloriesN1S NPF · δόξαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ deliverance, death, and covenant remembranceδόξα: meaning 'glories'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τόκωντόκωνN2 GPM · τόκοςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ law, judgment, and generosity to the poorτόκος: meaning 'τόκων'; it serves as genitive modifier within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὠδίνωνbirth-pangsN3 GPF · ὠδίνgenitive element qualifying another term or expressing relation→ genitive element marking relation or specificationὠδίν: meaning 'birth-pangs'; it serves as genitive element qualifying another term or expressing relation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συλλήμψεωνconceptionsN3I GPF · σύλληψιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or qualityσύλληψις: meaning 'conceptions'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
12
διότι καὶ ἐὰν ἐκθρέψωσιν τὰ τέκνα αὐτῶν ἀτεκνωθήσονται ἐξ ἀνθρώπων διότι καὶ οὐαὶ αὐτοῖς ἐστιν σάρξ μου ἐξ αὐτῶν
For even if they should rear their children, they shall be bereft of men; and indeed woe is to them; my flesh is from them.
The family itself becomes unstable under judgment. Even successful rearing cannot secure the next generation against removal.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ἐκθρέψωσινrearVA AAS3P · τρέφω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseτρέφω + ἐκ: meaning 'rear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκναchildrenN2N APN · τέκνονnominal element within the genealogical notice→ object specificationτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀτεκνωθήσονταιshall be bereftVC FPI3P · ἀτεκνόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἀτεκνόω: meaning 'shall be bereft'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἀνθρώπωνman / human beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐαὶwoeI · οὐαίinterjection or attention marker heightening the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐαί: meaning 'woe'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
σάρξfleshN3K NSF · σάρξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
13
Εφραιμ ὃν τρόπον εἶδον εἰς θήραν παρέστησαν τὰ τέκνα αὐτῶν καὶ Εφραιμ τοῦ ἐξαγαγεῖν εἰς ἀποκέντησιν τὰ τέκνα αὐτοῦ
Ephraim, as I saw, set their children for prey, and Ephraim brought out his children for slaughter.
The chapter darkens from threatened loss to active yielding over: what should have been protected offspring are exposed to death.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ΕφραιμEphraimN NSM · Ἐφράιμname-item in the genealogical register→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
τρόπονmannerN2 ASM · τρόποςaccusative element functioning within the clause→ object specificationτρόπος: meaning 'manner'; it serves as accusative element functioning within the clause.
εἶδονseeVBI AAI1S · ὁράωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
θήρανpreyN1A ASF · θήραaccusative noun completing the prepositional phrase→ object specificationθήραν: meaning 'prey'; here it marks the relation signaled by accusative noun completing the prepositional phrase.
παρέστησανstationedVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + παραfinite verb heading the assignment action→ constative aorist of placementἵστημι + παρα: meaning 'stationed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb heading the assignment action.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκναchildrenN2N APN · τέκνονnominal element within the genealogical notice→ object specificationτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕφραιμEphraimN NSM · Ἐφράιμname-item in the genealogical register→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξαγαγεῖνbrought outVB AAN · ἄγω + ἐκinfinitive expressing verbal action within the clause→ infinitival complementἄγω + ἐκ: meaning 'brought out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing verbal action within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀποκέντησινslaughterN3I ASF · ἀποκέντησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalἀποκέντησις: meaning 'slaughter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκναchildrenN2N APN · τέκνονnominal element within the genealogical notice→ object specificationτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
14
δὸς αὐτοῖς κύριε τί δώσεις αὐτοῖς δὸς αὐτοῖς μήτραν ἀτεκνοῦσαν καὶ μαστοὺς ξηρούς
Give them, Lord. What will you give them? Give them a barren womb and dry breasts.
The prophetic prayer does not ask for flourishing but for the terrible mercy of barrenness, sparing future generations from harsher ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
δὸςgiveVO AAD2S · δίδωμιimperative verb→ aoristic commandδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperative verb.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
δώσειςyou shall giveVF FAI2S · δίδωμιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future force: points to action still aheadδίδωμι: meaning 'you shall give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
δὸςgiveVO AAD2S · δίδωμιimperative verb→ aoristic commandδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperative verb.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
μήτρανμήτραN1A ASF · μήτραObject / complement→ object specificationμήτρα: meaning 'μήτρα'; it serves as Object / complement.
ἀτεκνοῦσανbarrenV4 · παπασφ ἀτεκνόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπασφ ἀτεκνόω: meaning 'barren'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μαστοὺςbreastN2 APM · μαστόςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ The final chapter gathers many of the Song's major motifs into a closing sequence: longing for unconstrained affection, the repeated adjuration not to awaken love before its will, public recognition of the lovers, the seal-on-heart declaration, the incomparable force of love, protective family deliberation, vineyard imagery, and the final call across the mountains of spices.μαστός: meaning 'breast'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
ξηρούςdryA1A APM · ξηρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalξηρός: meaning 'dry'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
15
πᾶσαι αἱ κακίαι αὐτῶν εἰς Γαλγαλ ὅτι ἐκεῖ αὐτοὺς ἐμίσησα διὰ τὰς κακίας τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων αὐτῶν ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου μου ἐκβαλῶ αὐτούς οὐ μὴ προσθήσω τοῦ ἀγαπῆσαι αὐτούς πάντες οἱ ἄρχοντες αὐτῶν ἀπειθοῦντες
All their evils are in Gilgal; because there I hated them. Because of the evils of their practices I will cast them out of my house; I will no longer continue to love them; all their rulers are disobedient.
The sanctuary associated with covenant memory becomes the named center of hatred and expulsion because rebellion has saturated its practice.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
πᾶσαιallA1S NPF · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κακίαιevilsN1A NPF · κακίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionκακία: meaning 'evils'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΓαλγαλGilgalN AS · Γαλγαλadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΓαλγαλ: meaning 'Gilgal'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ adverbial nuanceἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐμίσησαhateVAI AAI1S · μισέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristμισέω: meaning 'hate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κακίαςevilsN1A APF · κακίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακία: meaning 'evils'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιτηδευμάτωνepitedeymatonN3M GPN · ἐπιτήδευμαnominal term functioning in a gen relation→ relational specificationἐπιτήδευμα: meaning 'epitedeymaton'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a gen relation.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐκβαλῶI will cast outVF2 FAI1S · βάλλω + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ predictive future (the LORD's measured pace of dispossession)βάλλω + ἐκ: meaning 'I will cast out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
προσθήσωaddVF FAI1S · τίθημι + προςfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionτίθημι + προς: meaning 'add'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαπῆσαιagapaoVA AAN · ἀγαπάωinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement→ resultative perfect participle (settled state of being loved)ἀγαπάω: meaning 'agapao'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'rulers'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀπειθοῦντεςπαπνπμ ἀπειθέωV2 · παπνπμ ἀπειθέωverbal form carrying the clause action→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ἀπειθέω: meaning 'παπνπμ ἀπειθέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action.
16
ἐπόνεσεν Εφραιμ τὰς ῥίζας αὐτοῦ ἐξηράνθη καρπὸν οὐκέτι μὴ ἐνέγκῃ διότι καὶ ἐὰν γεννήσωσιν ἀποκτενῶ τὰ ἐπιθυμήματα κοιλίας αὐτῶν
Ephraim suffered pain; its roots were dried up; it shall no longer bear fruit. For even if they should beget, I will kill the desired things of their womb.
The plant image turns terminal: with roots dried, fruit and offspring alike come under the sentence of withering.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἐπόνεσενsuffered painV2I IAI3S · πονέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπονέω: meaning 'suffered pain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΕφραιμEphraimN NSM · Ἐφράιμname-item in the genealogical register→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥίζαςrootsN1S APF · ῥίζαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥίζα: meaning 'roots'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐξηράνθηdried upVCI API3S · ξηραίνωparticiple modifying the clause with verbal force→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationξηραίνω: meaning 'dried up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with verbal force.
καρπὸνfruitN2 ASM · καρπόςdirect object understood with ἐδίδου→ object specificationκαρπός: meaning 'fruit'; it serves as direct object understood with ἐδίδου.
οὐκέτιno longerD · οὐκέτιadverb qualifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκέτι: meaning 'no longer'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐνέγκῃbearVA AAS3S · φέρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseφέρω: meaning 'bear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
γεννήσωσινbegetVA AAS3P · γεννάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseγεννάω: meaning 'beget'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀποκτενῶawayVF2 FAI1S · κτείνω + ἀποverbal element carrying the clause action→ futureκτείνω + ἀπο: meaning 'away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause action.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιθυμήματαdesired thingsN3M APN · ἐπιθύμημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐπιθύμημα: meaning 'desired things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κοιλίαςbelly / wombN1A GSF · κοιλίαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationκοιλία: meaning 'belly'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
17
ἀπώσεται αὐτοὺς ὁ θεός ὅτι οὐκ εἰσήκουσαν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔσονται πλανῆται ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν
God will cast them away, because they did not listen to him, and they shall be wanderers among the nations.
The chapter ends with the simplest and broadest form of judgment: refusal to hear God results in being driven into unstable wandering among the peoples.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἀπώσεταιwill be driven awayVF FMI3S · ὠθέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὠθέω + ἀπο: meaning 'will be driven away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εἰσήκουσανthey heeded / obeyedVAI AAI3P · ἀκούω + εἰςverb of causal clause (second ground; negated)→ constative aoristἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'they heeded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of causal clause (second ground; negated).
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσονταιbeVF FMI3P · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πλανῆταιwanderersN1M NPM · πλανήτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπλανήτης: meaning 'wanderers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνεσινnationN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.