1
καὶ ἐξελεύσεται ῥάβδος ἐκ τῆς ῥίζης Ιεσσαι καὶ ἄνθος ἐκ τῆς ῥίζης ἀναβήσεται
And a rod shall come forth from the root of Jesse, and a blossom shall rise from the root.
The opening line introduces the renewed Davidic figure through plant imagery. The paired metaphors of rod and blossom announce continuity with Jesse even after apparent cutting down.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελεύσεταιshall come forthVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'shall come forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ῥάβδοςstaffN2 NSF · ῥάβδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥάβδος: meaning 'staff'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥίζηςrootN1S GSF · ῥίζαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationῥίζα: meaning 'root'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΙεσσαιJesseN GSM · Ιεσσαιnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙεσσαι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνθοςblossomN3E ASN · ἄνθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνθος: meaning 'blossom'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥίζηςrootN1S GSF · ῥίζαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationῥίζα: meaning 'root'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀναβήσεταιgo upVF FMI3S · βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'go up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
2
καὶ ἀναπαύσεται ἐπ' αὐτὸν πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ πνεῦμα σοφίας καὶ συνέσεως πνεῦμα βουλῆς καὶ ἰσχύος πνεῦμα γνώσεως καὶ εὐσεβείας
And the Spirit of God shall rest upon him, a spirit of wisdom and understanding, a spirit of counsel and strength, a spirit of knowledge and godliness.
The ruler's identity is defined by the divine Spirit resting on him. The repeated naming of spirit-qualities expands the kind of wisdom that will govern his reign.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναπαύσεταιshall restVF FMI3S · παύω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπαύω + ἀνα: meaning 'shall rest'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοφίαςwisdomN1A GSF · σοφίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέσεωςunderstandingN3I GSF · σύνεσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσύνεσις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βουλῆςcounselN1 GSF · βουλήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰσχύοςstrengthN3U GSF · ἰσχύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γνώσεωςknowledgeN3I GSF · γνῶσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐσεβείαςgodlinessN1A GSF · εὐσέβειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεὐσέβεια: meaning 'godliness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
3
ἐμπλήσει αὐτὸν πνεῦμα φόβου θεοῦ οὐ κατὰ τὴν δόξαν κρινεῖ οὐδὲ κατὰ τὴν λαλιὰν ἐλέγξει
The spirit of the fear of God shall fill him; he shall not judge according to appearance, nor shall he reprove according to what is spoken.
The description continues by stressing reverent fear of God and non-superficial judgment. Visible display and reported speech are denied authority over his discernment.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐμπλήσειshall fillVF FAI3S · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'shall fill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φόβουfearN2 GSM · φόβοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording toD · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόξανappearanceN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόξα: meaning 'appearance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κρινεῖkrinoVF2 FAI3S · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρίνω: meaning 'krino'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording toD · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαλιὰνspeechN1A ASF · λαλιάaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαλιά: meaning 'speech'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐλέγξειrebukeVF FAI3S · ἐλέγχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐλέγχω: meaning 'rebuke'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
ἀλλὰ κρινεῖ ταπεινῷ κρίσιν καὶ ἐλέγξει τοὺς ταπεινοὺς τῆς γῆς καὶ πατάξει γῆν τῷ λόγῳ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν πνεύματι διὰ χειλέων ἀνελεῖ ἀσεβῆ
But he shall judge the lowly with justice and reprove the humble of the earth, and he shall strike the earth with the word of his mouth, and by the breath through his lips he shall destroy the ungodly.
The adversative turn explains how he will judge instead: with justice for the lowly and destructive speech against the ungodly. Royal judgment is both protective and punitive.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρινεῖkrinoVF2 FAI3S · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρίνω: meaning 'krino'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταπεινῷthe lowlyA1 DSM · ταπεινόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceταπεινός: meaning 'the lowly'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κρίσινjusticeN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'justice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλέγξειrebukeVF FAI3S · ἐλέγχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐλέγχω: meaning 'rebuke'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταπεινοὺςhumbleA1 APM · ταπεινόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationταπεινός: meaning 'humble'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πατάξειshall strikeVF FAI3S · πατάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπατάσσω: meaning 'shall strike'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γῆνearthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγῳwordN2 DSM · λόγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνbyP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πνεύματιbreathN3M DSN · πνεῦμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'breath'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειλέωνlipsN3E GPN · χεῖλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνελεῖdestroyVF2 FAI3S · αἱρέω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἱρέω + ἀνα: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀσεβῆthe ungodlyA3H APN · ἀσεβήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'the ungodly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
5
καὶ ἔσται δικαιοσύνῃ ἐζωσμένος τὴν ὀσφὺν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀληθείᾳ εἰλημένος τὰς πλευράς
And he shall have righteousness girded around his waist, and truth wrapped around his sides.
The ruler's moral character is pictured as clothing. Righteousness and truth are not occasional acts but the stable equipment of his person.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δικαιοσύνῃwith righteousnessN1 DSF · δικαιοσύνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'with righteousness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐζωσμένοςgirdedVBI AMP · ζώννυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participial qualificationζώννυμι: meaning 'girded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀσφὺνwaistN3U ASF · ὀσφύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀσφύς: meaning 'waist'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀληθείᾳwith truthN1A DSF · ἀλήθειαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀλήθεια: meaning 'with truth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
εἰλημένοςwrappedV2 · πμπγσν εἱλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσν εἱλέω: meaning 'wrapped'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλευράςsidesN1A APF · πλευράaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλευρά: meaning 'sides'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
6
καὶ συμβοσκηθήσεται λύκος μετὰ ἀρνός καὶ πάρδαλις συναναπαύσεται ἐρίφῳ καὶ μοσχάριον καὶ ταῦρος καὶ λέων ἅμα βοσκηθήσονται καὶ παιδίον μικρὸν ἄξει αὐτούς
And the wolf shall feed together with the lamb, and the leopard shall rest with the young goat, and calf and bull and lion shall graze together, and a little child shall lead them.
The vision widens from ruler to realm. Predatory and domestic animals now share one pasture, and a small child moves among them as a sign of unthreatened order.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συμβοσκηθήσεταιshall feed togetherVC FPI3S · βόσκω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβόσκω + συν: meaning 'shall feed together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λύκοςwolfN2 NSM · λύκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλύκος: meaning 'wolf'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀρνόςlambN3 GSM · ἀρνόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀρνός: meaning 'lamb'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάρδαλιςleopardN3I NSN · πάρδαλιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπάρδαλις: meaning 'leopard'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
συναναπαύσεταιshall rest togetherVF FMI3S · παύω + συν + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπαύω + συν + ἀνα: meaning 'shall rest together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐρίφῳyoung goatN2 DSM · ἔριφοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔριφος: meaning 'young goat'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μοσχάριονcalfN2N ASN · μοσχάριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμοσχάριον: meaning 'calf'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῦροςbullN2 NSM · ταῦροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceταῦρος: meaning 'bull'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέωνlionN3W NSM · λέωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλέων: meaning 'lion'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἅμαtogetherD · ἅμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'together'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βοσκηθήσονταιgrazeVC FPI3P · βόσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβόσκω: meaning 'graze'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παιδίονchildN2N NSN · παιδίονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαιδίον: meaning 'child'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μικρὸνsmall / insignificantA1A NSN · μικρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμικρός: meaning 'small'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄξειshall leadVF FAI3S · ἄγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἄγω: meaning 'shall lead'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
καὶ βοῦς καὶ ἄρκος ἅμα βοσκηθήσονται καὶ ἅμα τὰ παιδία αὐτῶν ἔσονται καὶ λέων καὶ βοῦς ἅμα φάγονται ἄχυρα
And ox and bear shall graze together, and their young shall be together, and lion and ox shall eat straw together.
The peace image is restated with further pairings. Formerly opposed creatures now share food and offspring-space, underscoring the abolition of violence.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βοῦςoxN3 NSM · βοῦςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβοῦς: meaning 'ox'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄρκοςbearN2 NSM · ἄρκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄρκος: meaning 'bear'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἅμαtogetherD · ἅμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'together'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βοσκηθήσονταιgrazeVC FPI3P · βόσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβόσκω: meaning 'graze'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἅμαtogetherD · ἅμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'together'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδίαyoung onesN2N NPN · παιδίονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαιδίον: meaning 'young ones'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔσονταιshall beVF FMI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέωνlionN3W NSM · λέωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλέων: meaning 'lion'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βοῦςoxN3 NSM · βοῦςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβοῦς: meaning 'ox'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἅμαtogetherD · ἅμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'together'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φάγονταιeatsVF FMI3P · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐσθίω: meaning 'eats'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄχυραstrawN2N APN · ἄχυρονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄχυρον: meaning 'straw'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
8
καὶ παιδίον νήπιον ἐπὶ τρώγλην ἀσπίδων καὶ ἐπὶ κοίτην ἐκγόνων ἀσπίδων τὴν χεῖρα ἐπιβαλεῖ
And an infant child shall place its hand over the den of asps and upon the nest of the offspring of asps.
The child imagery reaches its most vulnerable point. Even the lairs of venomous serpents become harmless within the transformed creation.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παιδίονchildN2N ASN · παιδίονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαιδίον: meaning 'child'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
νήπιονinfantA1A ASM · νήπιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνήπιος: meaning 'infant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τρώγληνdenA1 ASF · τρώγληaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτρώγλη: meaning 'den'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀσπίδωνof aspsN3D GPF · ἀσπίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσπίς: meaning 'of asps'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κοίτηνnestN1 ASF · κοίτηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκοίτη: meaning 'nest'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκγόνωνoffspringA1B GPM · ἔκγονοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔκγονος: meaning 'offspring'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀσπίδωνof aspsN3D GPF · ἀσπίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσπίς: meaning 'of asps'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπιβαλεῖshall placeVF2 FAI3S · βάλλω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβάλλω + ἐπι: meaning 'shall place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
καὶ οὐ μὴ κακοποιήσωσιν οὐδὲ μὴ δύνωνται ἀπολέσαι οὐδένα ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος τὸ ἅγιόν μου ὅτι ἐνεπλήσθη ἡ σύμπασα τοῦ γνῶναι τὸν κύριον ὡς ὕδωρ πολὺ κατακαλύψαι θαλάσσας
And they shall surely not do evil, nor shall they be able to destroy anyone on my holy mountain, because the whole world has been filled with knowing the Lord, as abundant water covers the seas.
The reason for this universal harmlessness is theological rather than merely ecological. Knowledge of the Lord saturates the world like overwhelming waters over the sea.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴsurely notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'surely not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κακοποιήσωσινthey do evilVA AAS3P · κακοποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκακοποιέω: meaning 'they do evil'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴsurely notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'surely not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύνωνταιare ableV6 PMS3P · δύναμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδύναμαι: meaning 'are able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπολέσαιto destroyVA AAN · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'to destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδέναanyoneA3 ASM · οὐδείςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐδείς: meaning 'anyone'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄροςmountainN3E ASN · ὄροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιόνholyA1A ASN · ἅγιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνεπλήσθηfillVSI API3S · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'fill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σύμπασαthe wholeA1S NSF · σύμπαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσύμπας: meaning 'the whole'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γνῶναιto knowVZ AAN · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementγιγνώσκω: meaning 'to know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὕδωρwaterN3 ASN · ὕδωρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πολὺabundantA1P ASN · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'abundant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κατακαλύψαιto coverVA AAN · καλύπτω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκαλύπτω + κατα: meaning 'to cover'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θαλάσσαςseaN1S APF · θάλασσαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
10
καὶ ἔσται ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ἡ ῥίζα τοῦ Ιεσσαι καὶ ὁ ἀνιστάμενος ἄρχειν ἐθνῶν ἐπ' αὐτῷ ἔθνη ἐλπιοῦσιν καὶ ἔσται ἡ ἀνάπαυσις αὐτοῦ τιμή
And it shall be in that day that the root of Jesse, the one rising to rule nations, shall be the one in whom nations hope, and his resting place shall be honor.
The chapter returns to the root of Jesse, now presented as a ruler for the nations. The Davidic sign draws hope beyond Israel and gives his resting place public honor.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνbyP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐκείνῃ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥίζαrootN1S NSF · ῥίζαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥίζα: meaning 'root'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙεσσαιJesseN GSM · Ιεσσαιnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙεσσαι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνιστάμενοςthe one risingV6 · πμπνσμ ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'the one rising'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄρχεινto ruleV1 PAN · ἄρχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἄρχω: meaning 'to rule'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐθνῶνof nationsN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'of nations'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐλπιοῦσινshall hopeVF FAI3P · ἐλπίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐλπίζω: meaning 'shall hope'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνάπαυσιςresting placeN3I NSF · ἀνάπαυσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνάπαυσις: meaning 'resting place'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τιμήhonorN1 NSF · τιμήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτιμή: meaning 'honor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
11
καὶ ἔσται τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ προσθήσει κύριος τοῦ δεῖξαι τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ τοῦ ζηλῶσαι τὸ καταλειφθὲν ὑπόλοιπον τοῦ λαοῦ ὃ ἂν καταλειφθῇ ἀπὸ τῶν Ἀσσυρίων καὶ ἀπὸ Αἰγύπτου καὶ Βαβυλωνίας καὶ Αἰθιοπίας καὶ ἀπὸ Αιλαμιτῶν καὶ ἀπὸ ἡλίου ἀνατολῶν καὶ ἐξ Ἀραβίας
And it shall be in that day that the Lord will again show his hand in zeal for the remaining remnant of his people, whatever may remain from the Assyrians and from Egypt and Babylonia and Ethiopia and from the Elamites and from the east and from Arabia.
The Lord's own action comes to the front as he stretches out his hand for the remnant. The long list of lands portrays a diaspora broad enough to require a second great regathering.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐκείνῃ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
προσθήσειcontinue / addVF FAI3S · τίθημι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτίθημι + προς: meaning 'continue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεῖξαιto showVA AAN · δεικνύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδεικνύω: meaning 'to show'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζηλῶσαιto be zealous forVA AAN · ζηλόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementζηλόω: meaning 'to be zealous for'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταλειφθὲνremainingV1 · παπασν λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασν λείπω + κατα: meaning 'remaining'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπόλοιπονremnantA1B ASN · ὑπόλοιποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑπόλοιπος: meaning 'remnant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦof peopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'of people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὃwhateverRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃ: meaning 'whatever'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἂνmayX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'may'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταλειφθῇmay remainVV APS3S · λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλείπω + κατα: meaning 'may remain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἈσσυρίωνAssyriansN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒαβυλωνίαςBabyloniaN1A GSF · Βαβυλωνίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΒαβυλωνίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑἰθιοπίαςEthiopiaN1 GSF · Αἰθιοπίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΑἰθιοπίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΑιλαμιτῶνElamitesN1 GPF · Αιλαμείτηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΑιλαμιτῶν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡλίουηλιοςN2 GSM · ἥλιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἥλιος: meaning 'ηλιος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνατολῶνeastN1 GPF · ἀνατολήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνατολή: meaning 'east'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἈραβίαςArabiaN1 GSF · Ἀραβίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationἈραβίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
12
καὶ ἀρεῖ σημεῖον εἰς τὰ ἔθνη καὶ συνάξει τοὺς ἀπολομένους Ισραηλ καὶ τοὺς διεσπαρμένους τοῦ Ιουδα συνάξει ἐκ τῶν τεσσάρων πτερύγων τῆς γῆς
And he shall raise a sign for the nations and gather the lost of Israel, and he shall gather the scattered of Judah from the four wings of the earth.
The raised signal gathers both Israel and Judah from every direction. Restoration is depicted as a public, international act rather than a hidden return.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀρεῖwill raiseVF2 FAI3S · αἴρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἴρω: meaning 'will raise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σημεῖονsignN2N ASN · σημεῖονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσημεῖον: meaning 'sign'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνάξειshall gatherVF FAI3S · ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἄγω + συν: meaning 'shall gather'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπολομένουςthose lostVB · αμπαπμ ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπαπμ ὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'those lost'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διεσπαρμένουςχμπαπμ σπειρω + διαVM · χμπαπμ σπείρω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπαπμ σπείρω + δια: meaning 'χμπαπμ σπειρω + δια'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
συνάξειshall gatherVF FAI3S · ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἄγω + συν: meaning 'shall gather'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεσσάρωνfourteenA3 GPF · τέσσαρεςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτέσσαρες: meaning 'fourteen'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πτερύγωνwingN3G GPF · πτέρυξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπτέρυξ: meaning 'wing'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
13
καὶ ἀφαιρεθήσεται ὁ ζῆλος Εφραιμ καὶ οἱ ἐχθροὶ Ιουδα ἀπολοῦνται Εφραιμ οὐ ζηλώσει Ιουδαν καὶ Ιουδας οὐ θλίψει Εφραιμ
And the jealousy of Ephraim shall be removed, and the enemies of Judah shall perish; Ephraim shall not be jealous of Judah, and Judah shall not afflict Ephraim.
Internal healing accompanies external gathering. Ephraim and Judah are reconciled so that the old fracture within the people no longer blocks restoration.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφαιρεθήσεταιshall be taken awayVC FPI3S · αἱρέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἱρέω + ἀπο: meaning 'shall be taken away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζῆλοςjealousyN2 NSM · ζῆλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceζῆλος: meaning 'jealousy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΕφραιμEphraimN GSM · Ἐφράιμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροὶenemyN2 NPM · ἐχθρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἀπολοῦνταιshall perishVF2 FMI3P · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'shall perish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΕφραιμEphraimN NSM · Ἐφράιμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζηλώσειshall be jealousVF FAI3S · ζηλόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureζηλόω: meaning 'shall be jealous'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΙουδαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙουδαςJudahN1T NSM · Ἰούδαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΙουδας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θλίψειshall afflictVF FAI3S · θλίβωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθλίβω: meaning 'shall afflict'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΕφραιμEphraimN ASM · Ἐφράιμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
14
καὶ πετασθήσονται ἐν πλοίοις ἀλλοφύλων θάλασσαν ἅμα προνομεύσουσιν καὶ τοὺς ἀφ' ἡλίου ἀνατολῶν καὶ Ιδουμαίαν καὶ ἐπὶ Μωαβ πρῶτον τὰς χεῖρας ἐπιβαλοῦσιν οἱ δὲ υἱοὶ Αμμων πρῶτοι ὑπακούσονται
And they shall swoop over the sea in the ships of foreigners; together they shall plunder those from the east, and Edom, and upon Moab they shall first lay hands, while the sons of Ammon shall be the first to obey.
Restored unity leads to decisive movement against surrounding peoples. The verse portrays renewed strength and regional reversal in language of maritime and territorial advance.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πετασθήσονταιwill flyVC FPI3P · πέτομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπέτομαι: meaning 'will fly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνbyP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλοίοιςshipsN2N DPN · πλοῖονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλοῖον: meaning 'ships'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀλλοφύλωνof foreignersA1B GPN · ἀλλόφυλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀλλόφυλος: meaning 'of foreigners'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θάλασσανseaN1S ASF · θάλασσαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἅμαtogetherD · ἅμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'together'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προνομεύσουσινshall plunderVF FAI3P · νομεύω + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureνομεύω + προ: meaning 'shall plunder'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀφ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡλίουηλιοςN2 GSM · ἥλιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἥλιος: meaning 'ηλιος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνατολῶνeastN1 GPF · ἀνατολήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνατολή: meaning 'east'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙδουμαίανEdomN1 ASF · Ιδουμαίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΙδουμαίαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΜωαβMoabN AS · Μωαβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜωαβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
πρῶτονfirstD · πρῶτονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπρῶτον: meaning 'first'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπιβαλοῦσινshall layVF2 FAI3P · βάλλω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβάλλω + ἐπι: meaning 'shall lay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΑμμωνAmmonN GSM · Αμμωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑμμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
πρῶτοιfirstA1 NPMS · πρῶτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρῶτος: meaning 'first'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπακούσονταιshall obeyVF FMI3P · ἀκούω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀκούω + ὑπο: meaning 'shall obey'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
15
καὶ ἐρημώσει κύριος τὴν θάλασσαν Αἰγύπτου καὶ ἐπιβαλεῖ τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμὸν πνεύματι βιαίῳ καὶ πατάξει ἑπτὰ φάραγγας ὥστε διαπορεύεσθαι αὐτὸν ἐν ὑποδήμασιν
And the Lord shall lay waste the sea of Egypt and place his hand upon the river with a violent spirit, and he shall strike seven ravines so that one may pass through it in sandals.
The Lord removes geographic barriers as he once did in the exodus tradition. Sea and river alike are subdued so the way home becomes physically passable.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρημώσειshall lay wasteVF FAI3S · ἐρημόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐρημόω: meaning 'shall lay waste'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσανseaN1S ASF · θάλασσαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιβαλεῖshall placeVF2 FAI3S · βάλλω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβάλλω + ἐπι: meaning 'shall place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποταμὸνriverN2 ASM · ποταμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πνεύματιbreathN3M DSN · πνεῦμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'breath'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
βιαίῳviolentA1A DSM · βίαιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβίαιος: meaning 'violent'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πατάξειshall strikeVF FAI3S · πατάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπατάσσω: meaning 'shall strike'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἑπτὰ: meaning 'seven'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φάραγγαςφάραγξN3G APF · φάραγξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφάραγξ: meaning 'φάραγξ'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὥστεso thatD · ὥστεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥστε: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαπορεύεσθαιpass throughV1 PMN · πορεύομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπορεύομαι + δια: meaning 'pass through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνbyP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑποδήμασινsandalsN3M DPN · ὑπόδημαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὑπόδημα: meaning 'sandals'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
16
καὶ ἔσται δίοδος τῷ καταλειφθέντι μου λαῷ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ καὶ ἔσται τῷ Ισραηλ ὡς ἡ ἡμέρα ὅτε ἐξῆλθεν ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου
And there shall be a passage for my people that remain in Egypt, and it shall be for Israel as in the day when he came out from the land of Egypt.
The chapter closes by naming the regathering as a new exodus. The remnant's roadway recapitulates Israel's first departure from Egypt and frames restoration as redemptive history renewed.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίοδοςpassageN2 NSF · δίοδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίοδος: meaning 'passage'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταλειφθέντιremainingVV · αππδσμ λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππδσμ λείπω + κατα: meaning 'remaining'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνbyP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΑἰγύπτῳEgyptN2 DSF · Αἴγυπτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτῳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτε: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθενcame outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'came out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.