1
οὐαὶ γῆς πλοίων πτέρυγες ἐπέκεινα ποταμῶν Αἰθιοπίας
Woe to the land of winged ships, beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
The chapter opens with a compressed woe-oracle that identifies the distant land by its river setting and winged ships. Geography is presented through vivid travel imagery rather than plain description.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
οὐαὶwoeI · οὐαίinterjection marking exclamation or discourse emphasisοὐαί: exclamatory form rendered 'woe' here and marking the heightened rhetoric of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierγῆ: lexical item rendered 'land' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
πλοίωνshipN2N GPN · πλοῖονgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierπλοῖον: lexical item rendered 'ship' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
πτέρυγεςwingN3G NPF · πτέρυξnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπτέρυξ: lexical item rendered 'wing' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἐπέκειναbeyondD · ἐπέκειναadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseἐπέκεινα: adverbial form rendered 'beyond' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ποταμῶνriverN2 GPM · ποταμόςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierποταμός: lexical item rendered 'river' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ΑἰθιοπίαςEthiopiaN GSF · Αἰθιοπίαindeclinable element functioning within the clauseEthiopia: proper name retained in transliteration and used here within Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
2
ὁ ἀποστέλλων ἐν θαλάσσῃ ὅμηρα καὶ ἐπιστολὰς βυβλίνας ἐπάνω τοῦ ὕδατος πορεύσονται γὰρ ἄγγελοι κοῦφοι πρὸς ἔθνος μετέωρον καὶ ξένον λαὸν καὶ χαλεπόν τίς αὐτοῦ ἐπέκεινα ἔθνος ἀνέλπιστον καὶ καταπεπατημένον νῦν οἱ ποταμοὶ τῆς γῆς
It is the one sending hostages and papyrus letters over the sea, upon the water; for swift messengers will go to a lofty and foreign nation, to a people both strange and harsh, a nation without hope and trampled down, whose land the rivers now divide.
The land is further characterized by envoys, papyrus dispatches, and swift messengers. The target people are described in elevated, unsettling terms that underline distance and political tension.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἀποστέλλωνsendingV1 · παπνσμ στέλλω + ἀποparticiple contributing description, attendant circumstance, or substantival forceπαπνσμ στέλλω + ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'sending' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
θαλάσσῃseaN1S DSF · θάλασσαdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereθάλασσα: lexical item rendered 'sea' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ὅμηραhostageN2N APN · ὅμηροςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementὅμηρος: lexical item rendered 'hostage' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἐπιστολὰςletterN1 APF · ἐπιστολήaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementἐπιστολή: lexical item rendered 'letter' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
βυβλίναςpapyrusA1 APF · βύβλινοςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementβύβλινος: lexical item rendered 'papyrus' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἐπάνωuponD · ἐπάνωadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseἐπάνω: adverbial form rendered 'upon' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierὕδωρ: lexical item rendered 'water' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
πορεύσονταιgoVF FMI3P · πορεύομαιfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardπορεύομαι: verbal form rendered 'go' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextγάρ: connective or particle rendered 'for' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἄγγελοιmessengerN2 NPM · ἄγγελοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἄγγελος: lexical item rendered 'messenger' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
κοῦφοιswift / lightA1 NPM · κοῦφοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionκοῦφος: lexical item rendered 'swift / light' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρός: preposition rendered 'toward' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἔθνοςnationN3E ASN · ἔθνοςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementἔθνος: lexical item rendered 'nation' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
μετέωρονhigh / loftyA1B ASN · μετέωροςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementμετέωρος: lexical item rendered 'high / lofty' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ξένονforeign / strangeA1 ASM · ξένοςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementξένος: lexical item rendered 'foreign / strange' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementλαός: lexical item rendered 'people' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
χαλεπόνhard / harshA1 ASM · χαλεπόςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementχαλεπός: lexical item rendered 'hard / harsh' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τίςwho? / what?RI NSM · τίςpronoun functioning as subject or predicate elementτίς: lexical item rendered 'who? / what?' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
αὐτοῦhis / their / himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as a genitive dependent within the phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his / their / him' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἐπέκειναbeyondD · ἐπέκειναadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseἐπέκεινα: adverbial form rendered 'beyond' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἔθνοςnationN3E ASN · ἔθνοςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementἔθνος: lexical item rendered 'nation' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἀνέλπιστονwithout hopeA1B ASN · ἀνέλπιστοςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementἀνέλπιστος: lexical item rendered 'without hope' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
καταπεπατημένονtrampled downVM · χμπνσν πατέω + καταparticiple contributing description, attendant circumstance, or substantival forceχμπνσν πατέω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'trampled down' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseνῦν: adverbial form rendered 'now' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ποταμοὶriverN2 NPM · ποταμόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionποταμός: lexical item rendered 'river' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierγῆ: lexical item rendered 'land' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
3
πάντες ὡς χώρα κατοικουμένη κατοικηθήσεται ἡ χώρα αὐτῶν ὡσεὶ σημεῖον ἀπὸ ὄρους ἀρθῇ ὡς σάλπιγγος φωνὴ ἀκουστὸν ἔσται
All of you, as a land inhabited, will dwell there; their land will be like a signal raised from a mountain, and like the sound of a trumpet it will be heard.
The perspective broadens from one land to the inhabited world. Mountain signal and trumpet-call turn the chapter into a public watch-scene for all observers.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
πάντεςall / everyA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all / every' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ὡςas / likeD · ὡςadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseὡς: adverbial form rendered 'as / like' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
χώραcountry / landN1A NSF · χώραnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionχώρα: lexical item rendered 'country / land' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
κατοικουμένηinhabitedV2 · πμπνσφ οἰκέω + καταfinite verbal form carrying the clause forwardπμπνσφ οἰκέω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'inhabited' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
κατοικηθήσεταιdwellVC FPI3S · οἰκέω + καταfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardοἰκέω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'dwell' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
χώραcountry / landN1A NSF · χώραnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionχώρα: lexical item rendered 'country / land' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
αὐτῶνhis / their / himRD GPN · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as a genitive dependent within the phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his / their / him' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ὡσεὶas if / likeD · ὡσείadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseὡσεί: adverbial form rendered 'as if / like' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
σημεῖονsignal / signN2 ASN · σημεῖονaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementσημεῖον: lexical item rendered 'signal / sign' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπό: preposition rendered 'from' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ὄρουςmountainN3E GSN · ὄροςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierὄρος: lexical item rendered 'mountain' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἀρθῇtake awayVC APS3S · αἴρωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeαἴρω: verbal form rendered 'take away' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ὡςas / likeD · ὡςadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseὡς: adverbial form rendered 'as / like' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
σάλπιγγοςtrumpetN3G GSF · σάλπιγξgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierσάλπιγξ: lexical item rendered 'trumpet' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
φωνὴsound / voiceN1 NSF · φωνήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionφωνή: lexical item rendered 'sound / voice' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἀκουστὸνheard / audibleA1 ASM · ἀκουστόςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementἀκουστός: lexical item rendered 'heard / audible' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'be' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
4
ὅτι οὕτως εἶπέν μοι κύριος ἀσφάλεια ἔσται ἐν τῇ ἐμῇ πόλει ὡς φῶς καύματος μεσημβρίας καὶ ὡς νεφέλη δρόσου ἡμέρας ἀμήτου ἔσται
For thus the Lord said to me: there will be security in my city, like the light of noonday heat and like a cloud of dew on a harvest day.
The Lord interprets the situation by stressing calm, controlled security. The similes of heat-light and dew-cloud portray poised attention rather than haste.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ὅτιbecause / thatC · ὅτιconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextὅτι: connective or particle rendered 'because / that' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
οὕτωςthus / soD · οὕτωςadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseοὕτως: adverbial form rendered 'thus / so' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
εἶπένsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeεἶπον: verbal form rendered 'said' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
μοιmeRP DS · ἐγώpronoun functioning as a dative complement within the clauseἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'me' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἀσφάλειαsecurityN1M NSM · ἀσφάλειαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἀσφάλεια: lexical item rendered 'security' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'be' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἐμῇmyA1 DSF · ἐμόςdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereἐμός: lexical item rendered 'my' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
πόλειcityN3I DSF · πόλιςdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereπόλις: lexical item rendered 'city' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ὡςas / likeD · ὡςadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseὡς: adverbial form rendered 'as / like' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementφῶς: lexical item rendered 'light' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
καύματοςheatN3M GSN · καῦμαgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierκαῦμα: lexical item rendered 'heat' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
μεσημβρίαςmidday / noonN1A GSF · μεσημβρίαgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierμεσημβρία: lexical item rendered 'midday / noon' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ὡςas / likeD · ὡςadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseὡς: adverbial form rendered 'as / like' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
νεφέληcloudN1 NSF · νεφέληnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionνεφέλη: lexical item rendered 'cloud' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
δρόσουdewN2 GSF · δρόσοςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierδρόσος: lexical item rendered 'dew' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἀμήτουharvestN2 GSM · ἀμητόςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierἀμητός: lexical item rendered 'harvest' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'be' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
5
πρὸ τοῦ θερισμοῦ ὅταν συντελεσθῇ ἄνθος καὶ ὄμφαξ ἀνθήσῃ ἄνθος ὀμφακίζουσα καὶ ἀφελεῖ τὰ βοτρύδια τὰ μικρὰ τοῖς δρεπάνοις καὶ τὰς κληματίδας ἀφελεῖ καὶ κατακόψει
Before the harvest, when the blossom is completed and the sour grape flowers into bloom, he will take away the little clusters with sickles, and he will take away and cut down the branches.
Before the harvest matures, the fruitful growth is cut away. The agricultural metaphor explains how divine intervention comes just before apparent completion.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing the following phraseπρό: preposition rendered 'before' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
θερισμοῦharvest-timeN2 GSM · θερισμόςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierθερισμός: lexical item rendered 'harvest-time' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ὅτανwhenD · ὅτανadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseὅταν: adverbial form rendered 'when' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
συντελεσθῇbring to completionVS APS3S · τελέω + συνfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeτελέω + συν: verbal form rendered 'bring to completion' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἄνθοςblossomN3E ASN · ἄνθοςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementἄνθος: lexical item rendered 'blossom' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ὄμφαξsour grapeN3K NSF · ὄμφαξnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὄμφαξ: lexical item rendered 'sour grape' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἀνθήσῃblossomVA AAS3S · ἀνθέωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἀνθέω: verbal form rendered 'blossom' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἄνθοςblossomN3E ASN · ἄνθοςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementἄνθος: lexical item rendered 'blossom' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ὀμφακίζουσαflowering into sour fruitVA · αμπνσφ ὀμφακίζωparticiple contributing description, attendant circumstance, or substantival forceαμπνσφ ὀμφακίζω: verbal form rendered 'flowering into sour fruit' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἀφελεῖtake awayVF2 FAI3S · αἱρέω + ἀποfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardαἱρέω + ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'take away' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
βοτρύδιαsmall clusterN2N APN · βοτρύδιονaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementβοτρύδιον: lexical item rendered 'small cluster' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
μικρὰsmallA1A APN · μικρόςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementμικρός: lexical item rendered 'small' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
δρεπάνοιςsickleN2N DPN · δρέπανονdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereδρέπανον: lexical item rendered 'sickle' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
κληματίδαςvine-shootN3D APF · κληματίςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementκληματίς: lexical item rendered 'vine-shoot' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἀφελεῖtake awayVF2 FAI3S · αἱρέω + ἀποfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardαἱρέω + ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'take away' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
κατακόψειcut downVF FAI3S · κόπτω + καταfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardκόπτω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'cut down' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
6
καὶ καταλείψει ἅμα τοῖς πετεινοῖς τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τοῖς θηρίοις τῆς γῆς καὶ συναχθήσεται ἐπ' αὐτοὺς τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ πάντα τὰ θηρία τῆς γῆς ἐπ' αὐτὸν ἥξει
And he will leave them together for the birds of heaven and for the beasts of the earth; the birds of heaven will gather upon them, and all the beasts of the earth will come upon him.
What is cut down is left exposed to carrion birds and wild beasts. The scene registers the completeness and humiliation of the judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
καταλείψειleave behindVF FAI3S · λείπω + καταfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardλείπω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'leave behind' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἅμαtogetherD · ἅμαadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseἅμα: adverbial form rendered 'together' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
πετεινοῖςbirdN2N DPN · πετεινόνdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereπετεινόν: lexical item rendered 'bird' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierοὐρανός: lexical item rendered 'heaven' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
θηρίοιςbeastN2N DPN · θηρίονdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereθηρίον: lexical item rendered 'beast' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierγῆ: lexical item rendered 'land' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
συναχθήσεταιgather togetherVQ FPI3S · ἄγω + συνfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardἄγω + συν: verbal form rendered 'gather together' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
αὐτοὺςhis / their / himRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his / their / him' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
πετεινὰbirdN2N NPN · πετεινόνnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπετεινόν: lexical item rendered 'bird' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierοὐρανός: lexical item rendered 'heaven' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
πάνταall / everyA3 NSN · πᾶςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all / every' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
θηρίαbeastN2N NPN · θηρίονnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionθηρίον: lexical item rendered 'beast' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierγῆ: lexical item rendered 'land' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
αὐτὸνhis / their / himRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his / their / him' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἥξειcomeVF FAI3S · ἥκωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardἥκω: verbal form rendered 'come' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
7
ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ ἀνενεχθήσεται δῶρα κυρίῳ σαβαωθ ἐκ λαοῦ τεθλιμμένου καὶ τετιλμένου καὶ ἀπὸ λαοῦ μεγάλου ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν καὶ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα χρόνον ἔθνος ἐλπίζον καὶ καταπεπατημένον ὅ ἐστιν ἐν μέρει ποταμοῦ τῆς χώρας αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν τόπον οὗ τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου σαβαωθ ἐπεκλήθη ὄρος Σιων
At that time gifts will be brought to the Lord of hosts from a people afflicted and plucked bare, from a great people from now and forever, a nation still hoping and yet trampled down, whose land lies in a river-divided region, to the place where the name of the Lord of hosts has been invoked, Mount Zion.
The final movement turns the international horizon toward Zion. The once-afflicted people become bringers of tribute to the Lord of hosts at the place of his name.
Word-by-word analysis· 48 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
καιρῷseason / timeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereκαιρός: lexical item rendered 'season / time' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἐκείνῳthatRD DSM · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun functioning as a dative complement within the clauseἐκεῖνος: lexical item rendered 'that' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἀνενεχθήσεταιbring up / presentVQ FPI3S · φέρω + ἀναfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardφέρω + ἀνα: verbal form rendered 'bring up / present' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
δῶραgiftN2N NPN · δῶρονnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδῶρον: lexical item rendered 'gift' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
σαβαωθSabaothN G · σαβαωθindeclinable element functioning within the clauseSabaoth: proper name retained in transliteration and used here within Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐκ: preposition rendered 'from' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierλαός: lexical item rendered 'people' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τεθλιμμένουafflictedVP · πππγσμ θλίβωparticiple contributing description, attendant circumstance, or substantival forceπππγσμ θλίβω: verbal form rendered 'afflicted' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τετιλμένουplucked bareVM · πππγσμ τίλλωparticiple contributing description, attendant circumstance, or substantival forceπππγσμ τίλλω: verbal form rendered 'plucked bare' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπό: preposition rendered 'from' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierλαός: lexical item rendered 'people' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
μεγάλουgreatA1 GSM · μέγαςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierμέγας: lexical item rendered 'great' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπό: preposition rendered 'from' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseνῦν: adverbial form rendered 'now' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementαἰών: lexical item rendered 'age / forever' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
χρόνονtimeN2 ASM · χρόνοςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementχρόνος: lexical item rendered 'time' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἔθνοςnationN3E NSN · ἔθνοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἔθνος: lexical item rendered 'nation' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἐλπίζονhopingV1 · παπνσν ἐλπίζωparticiple contributing description, attendant circumstance, or substantival forceπαπνσν ἐλπίζω: verbal form rendered 'hoping' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
καταπεπατημένονtrampled downVM · χμπνσν πατέω + καταparticiple contributing description, attendant circumstance, or substantival forceχμπνσν πατέω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'trampled down' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ὅwhich / whoRR NSM · ὅςpronoun functioning as subject or predicate elementὅς: lexical item rendered 'which / who' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present verbal form portraying ongoing or immediate actionεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'be' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
μέρειregion / partN3E DSN · μέροςdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereμέρος: lexical item rendered 'region / part' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ποταμοῦriverN2 GSM · ποταμόςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierποταμός: lexical item rendered 'river' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
χώραςcountry / landN1A GSF · χώραgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierχώρα: lexical item rendered 'country / land' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
αὐτοῦhis / their / himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as a genitive dependent within the phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his / their / him' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τόπονplaceN2 ASM · τόποςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementτόπος: lexical item rendered 'place' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
οὗwhereD · οὗadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseοὗ: adverbial form rendered 'where' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementὄνομα: lexical item rendered 'name' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
σαβαωθSabaothN G · σαβαωθindeclinable element functioning within the clauseSabaoth: proper name retained in transliteration and used here within Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ἐπεκλήθηinvoke / call uponVCI API3S · καλέω + ἐπιfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeκαλέω + ἐπι: verbal form rendered 'invoke / call upon' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ὄροςmountainN3E ASN · ὄροςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementὄρος: lexical item rendered 'mountain' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
ΣιωνZionN SF · Σιωνindeclinable element functioning within the clauseZion: proper name retained in transliteration and used here within Isaiah 18, the oracle concerning the land beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.