1
τὸ ῥῆμα τὸ κατὰ Δαμασκοῦ ἰδοὺ Δαμασκὸς ἀρθήσεται ἀπὸ πόλεων καὶ ἔσται εἰς πτῶσιν
The word concerning Damascus: behold, Damascus will be removed from among the cities and will become a ruin.
The chapter begins with a formal burden against Damascus. The brief superscription immediately moves into the announcement that the city will lose its standing among the cities and collapse into ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ῥῆμαwordN3M NSN · ῥῆμαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionῥῆμα: lexical item rendered 'word' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
κατὰagainstP · κατάpreposition governing the following phraseκατά: preposition rendered 'against' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ΔαμασκοῦDamascusNS GSM · Δαμασκόςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierDamascus: proper name retained in transliteration and used here within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection marking exclamation or discourse emphasisἰδού: exclamatory form rendered 'behold' here and marking the heightened rhetoric of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ΔαμασκὸςDamascusN2 GSM · Δαμασκόςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierDamascus: proper name retained in transliteration and used here within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἀρθήσεταιtake awayVC FPI3S · αἴρωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardαἴρω: verbal form rendered 'take away' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπό: preposition rendered 'from' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
πόλεωνcityN3I GPF · πόλιςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierπόλις: lexical item rendered 'city' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'be' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
πτῶσινfall / ruinN3I ASF · πτῶσιςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementπτῶσις: lexical item rendered 'fall / ruin' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
2
καταλελειμμένη εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα εἰς κοίτην ποιμνίων καὶ ἀνάπαυσιν καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ὁ διώκων
It will be left forever as a pasture for flocks and as a resting place, and there will be no one to disturb it.
The ruin announced in verse 1 is pictured as long-term abandonment. Human habitation gives way to flock-rest and undisturbed stillness.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καταλελειμμένηleft behindVP · χμπνσφ λείπω + καταparticiple contributing description, attendant circumstance, or substantival forceχμπνσφ λείπω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'left behind' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementαἰών: lexical item rendered 'age / forever' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
κοίτηνresting placeN1 ASF · κοίτηaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementκοίτη: lexical item rendered 'resting place' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ποιμνίωνflockN2 GPN · ποίμνιονgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierποίμνιον: lexical item rendered 'flock' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἀνάπαυσινrestN3I ASF · ἀνάπαυσιςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementἀνάπαυσις: lexical item rendered 'rest' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'be' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
διώκωνpursuingV1 · παπνσμ διώκωparticiple contributing description, attendant circumstance, or substantival forceπαπνσμ διώκω: verbal form rendered 'pursuing' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
3
καὶ οὐκέτι ἔσται ὀχυρὰ τοῦ καταφυγεῖν Εφραιμ καὶ οὐκέτι ἔσται βασιλεία ἐν Δαμασκῷ καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν τῶν Σύρων ἀπολεῖται οὐ γὰρ σὺ βελτίων εἶ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ καὶ τῆς δόξης αὐτῶν τάδε λέγει κύριος σαβαωθ
There will no longer be a fortress for Ephraim, nor a kingdom in Damascus, and the remnant of the Syrians will perish; for you are no better than the sons of Israel and their glory, says the Lord of hosts.
The sentence broadens from Damascus to Ephraim and Aram together. Political refuge, royal structure, and remaining glory are all withdrawn under the Lord of hosts.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
οὐκέτιno longerD · οὐκέτιadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseοὐκέτι: adverbial form rendered 'no longer' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'be' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ὀχυρὰfortified / strongholdA1A APN · ὀχυρόςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementὀχυρός: lexical item rendered 'fortified / stronghold' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καταφυγεῖνflee for refugeVB AAN · φεύγω + καταinfinitive expressing verbal action within the clause→ infinitive expressing verbal action without person or numberφεύγω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'flee for refuge' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ΕφραιμEphraimN ASM · Ἐφράιμindeclinable element functioning within the clauseEphraim: proper name retained in transliteration and used here within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
οὐκέτιno longerD · οὐκέτιadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseοὐκέτι: adverbial form rendered 'no longer' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'be' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
βασιλείαkingdomN1A NSF · βασιλείαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionβασιλεία: lexical item rendered 'kingdom' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ΔαμασκῷDamascusN2 DSM · Δαμασκόςdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereDamascus: proper name retained in transliteration and used here within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
λοιπὸνremnantA1 NSM · λοιπόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionλοιπός: lexical item rendered 'remnant' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ΣύρωνSyrianN2 GPM · Σύροςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierΣύρος: lexical item rendered 'Syrian' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἀπολεῖταιperish / destroyVF2 FMI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardὀλλύω + ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'perish / destroy' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextγάρ: connective or particle rendered 'for' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronoun functioning as subject or predicate elementσύ: lexical item rendered 'you' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
βελτίωνbetterA3C NSM · βελτίωνnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionβελτίων: lexical item rendered 'better' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present verbal form portraying ongoing or immediate actionεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'be' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierυἱός: lexical item rendered 'son' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλindeclinable element functioning within the clauseIsrael: proper name retained in transliteration and used here within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierδόξα: lexical item rendered 'glory' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
αὐτῶνhis / their / himRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as a genitive dependent within the phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his / their / him' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τάδεthese thingsRD APN · ὅδεpronoun functioning as object or complementὅδε: lexical item rendered 'these things' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present verbal form portraying ongoing or immediate actionλέγω: verbal form rendered 'say' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
σαβαωθSabaothN G · σαβαωθindeclinable element functioning within the clauseSabaoth: proper name retained in transliteration and used here within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
4
ἔσται ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ἔκλειψις τῆς δόξης Ιακωβ καὶ τὰ πίονα τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ σεισθήσεται
And it shall be in that day that the glory of Jacob will fail, and the rich fullness of his glory will be shaken.
A repeated day-formula turns the oracle toward Jacob itself. The imagery shifts from international judgment to the wasting of Israel's own former splendor.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'be' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun functioning as a dative complement within the clauseἐκεῖνος: lexical item rendered 'that' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἔκλειψιςfading / eclipseN3I NSF · ἔκλειψιςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἔκλειψις: lexical item rendered 'fading / eclipse' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierδόξα: lexical item rendered 'glory' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ΙακωβJacobN GSM · Ἰακώβindeclinable element functioning within the clauseJacob: proper name retained in transliteration and used here within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
πίοναfat / richA1 APN · πίωνaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementπίων: lexical item rendered 'fat / rich' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierδόξα: lexical item rendered 'glory' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
αὐτοῦhis / their / himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as a genitive dependent within the phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his / their / him' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
σεισθήσεταιshakeVC FPI3S · σείωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardσείω: verbal form rendered 'shake' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
5
καὶ ἔσται ὃν τρόπον ἐάν τις συναγάγῃ ἀμητὸν ἑστηκότα καὶ σπέρμα σταχύων ἐν τῷ βραχίονι αὐτοῦ ἀμήσῃ καὶ ἔσται ὃν τρόπον ἐάν τις συναγάγῃ στάχυν ἐν φάραγγι στερεᾷ
And it shall be as when someone gathers standing grain at harvest and reaps ears with his arm, and as when someone gathers an ear in a hard valley.
The loss of Jacob's glory is explained by harvest imagery. What once stood full in the field is cut down like grain gathered by a reaper.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'be' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ὃνwhich / whoRR ASM · ὅςpronoun functioning as object or complementὅς: lexical item rendered 'which / who' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τρόπονmannerN2 ASM · τρόποςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementτρόπος: lexical item rendered 'manner' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐάνif / wheneverC · ἐάνconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextἐάν: connective or particle rendered 'if / whenever' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τιςsomeoneRI NSM · τιςpronoun functioning as subject or predicate elementτις: lexical item rendered 'someone' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
συναγάγῃgather togetherVB AAS3S · ἄγω + συνfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἄγω + συν: verbal form rendered 'gather together' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἀμητὸνharvestN2 ASM · ἀμητόςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementἀμητός: lexical item rendered 'harvest' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἑστηκόταstandingVXI XAPASMI(/STHMIfinite verbal form carrying the clause forwardἑστηκότα: verbal form rendered 'standing' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
σπέρμαseedN3M ASN · σπέρμαaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementσπέρμα: lexical item rendered 'seed' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
σταχύωνear of grainN3U GPM · στάχυςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierστάχυς: lexical item rendered 'ear of grain' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
βραχίονιarmN3N DSM · βραχίωνdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereβραχίων: lexical item rendered 'arm' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
αὐτοῦhis / their / himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as a genitive dependent within the phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his / their / him' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἀμήσῃreapVA AAS3S · ἀμάωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἀμάω: verbal form rendered 'reap' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'be' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ὃνwhich / whoRR ASM · ὅςpronoun functioning as object or complementὅς: lexical item rendered 'which / who' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τρόπονmannerN2 ASM · τρόποςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementτρόπος: lexical item rendered 'manner' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐάνif / wheneverC · ἐάνconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextἐάν: connective or particle rendered 'if / whenever' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τιςsomeoneRI NSM · τιςpronoun functioning as subject or predicate elementτις: lexical item rendered 'someone' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
συναγάγῃgather togetherVB AAS3S · ἄγω + συνfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἄγω + συν: verbal form rendered 'gather together' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
στάχυνear of grainN3U ASM · στάχυςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementστάχυς: lexical item rendered 'ear of grain' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
φάραγγιvalleyN3G DSF · φάραγξdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereφάραγξ: lexical item rendered 'valley' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
στερεᾷhard / solidA1A DSF · στερεόςdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereστερεός: lexical item rendered 'hard / solid' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
6
καὶ καταλειφθῇ ἐν αὐτῇ καλάμη ἢ ὡς ῥῶγες ἐλαίας δύο ἢ τρεῖς ἐπ' ἄκρου μετεώρου ἢ τέσσαρες ἢ πέντε ἐπὶ τῶν κλάδων αὐτῶν καταλειφθῇ τάδε λέγει κύριος ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ
Yet a gleaning will be left in it, like two or three olive berries on a high top branch, or four or five on their branches left behind, says the Lord God of Israel.
Even within judgment the chapter preserves a remnant image. Only a few berries remain, emphasizing severe reduction without absolute annihilation.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καταλειφθῇleave behindVV APS3S · λείπω + καταfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeλείπω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'leave behind' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: preposition rendered 'in' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
αὐτῇhis / their / himRD DSF · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as a dative complement within the clauseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his / their / him' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καλάμηstubbleN1 NSF · καλάμηnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionκαλάμη: lexical item rendered 'stubble' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextἤ: connective or particle rendered 'or' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ὡςas / likeD · ὡςadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseὡς: adverbial form rendered 'as / like' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ῥῶγεςberryN3G APF · ῥώξaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementῥώξ: lexical item rendered 'berry' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐλαίαςolive treeN1A GSF · ἐλαίαgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierἐλαία: lexical item rendered 'olive tree' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
δύοtwoM · δύοindeclinable element functioning within the clauseδύο: lexical item rendered 'two' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextἤ: connective or particle rendered 'or' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τρεῖςthreeM NPM · τρεῖςindeclinable element functioning within the clauseτρεῖς: lexical item rendered 'three' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἄκρουtop / summitA1A GSM · ἄκροςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierἄκρος: lexical item rendered 'top / summit' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
μετεώρουhigh / loftyA1B GSM · μετέωροςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierμετέωρος: lexical item rendered 'high / lofty' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextἤ: connective or particle rendered 'or' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τέσσαρεςfourA3 NPM · τέσσαρεςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionτέσσαρες: lexical item rendered 'four' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextἤ: connective or particle rendered 'or' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
πέντεfiveM · πέντεindeclinable element functioning within the clauseπέντε: lexical item rendered 'five' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
κλάδωνbranchN2 GPM · κλάδοςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierκλάδος: lexical item rendered 'branch' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
αὐτῶνhis / their / himRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as a genitive dependent within the phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his / their / him' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καταλειφθῇleave behindVV APS3S · λείπω + καταfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeλείπω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'leave behind' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τάδεthese thingsRD APN · ὅδεpronoun functioning as object or complementὅδε: lexical item rendered 'these things' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present verbal form portraying ongoing or immediate actionλέγω: verbal form rendered 'say' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionθεός: lexical item rendered 'God' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλindeclinable element functioning within the clauseIsrael: proper name retained in transliteration and used here within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
7
τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ πεποιθὼς ἔσται ἄνθρωπος ἐπὶ τῷ ποιήσαντι αὐτόν οἱ δὲ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν ἅγιον τοῦ Ισραηλ ἐμβλέψονται
On that day a human being will trust in the one who made him, and his eyes will look to the Holy One of Israel.
The remnant theme opens into a spiritual reversal. Afflicted humanity looks again toward the maker and the Holy One of Israel.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun functioning as a dative complement within the clauseἐκεῖνος: lexical item rendered 'that' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
πεποιθὼςtrustingVX · χαπνσμ πείθωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forwardχαπνσμ πείθω: verbal form rendered 'trusting' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'be' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἄνθρωποςhuman beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἄνθρωπος: lexical item rendered 'human being' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ποιήσαντιthe one who madeVA · ααπδσμ ποιέωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forwardααπδσμ ποιέω: verbal form rendered 'the one who made' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
αὐτόνhis / their / himRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his / their / him' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
δὲbut / andX · δέconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but / and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ὀφθαλμοὶeyeN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὀφθαλμός: lexical item rendered 'eye' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
αὐτοῦhis / their / himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as a genitive dependent within the phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his / their / him' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἅγιονholy oneA1A ASM · ἅγιοςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementἅγιος: lexical item rendered 'holy one' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλindeclinable element functioning within the clauseIsrael: proper name retained in transliteration and used here within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐμβλέψονταιlook uponVF FMI3P · βλέπω + ἐνfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardβλέπω + ἐν: verbal form rendered 'look upon' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
8
καὶ οὐ μὴ πεποιθότες ὦσιν ἐπὶ τοῖς βωμοῖς οὐδὲ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἔργοις τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν ἃ ἐποίησαν οἱ δάκτυλοι αὐτῶν καὶ οὐκ ὄψονται τὰ δένδρα αὐτῶν οὐδὲ τὰ βδελύγματα αὐτῶν
And they shall certainly not put their trust in altars or in the works of their hands, which their fingers made, and they will not look to their trees or to their abominations.
True turning is defined negatively as well as positively. Trust in cultic substitutes and handmade objects is renounced.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseμή: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
πεποιθότεςtrustingVX · χαπνπμ πείθωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forwardχαπνπμ πείθω: verbal form rendered 'trusting' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ὦσινearsN3T DPN · οὖςdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereοὖς: lexical item rendered 'ears' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
βωμοῖςaltarN2 DPM · βωμόςdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereβωμός: lexical item rendered 'altar' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextοὐδέ: connective or particle rendered 'nor' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἔργοιςworkN2N DPN · ἔργονdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereἔργον: lexical item rendered 'work' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
χειρῶνhandN3 GPF · χείρgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierχείρ: lexical item rendered 'hand' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
αὐτῶνhis / their / himRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as a genitive dependent within the phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his / their / him' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἃwhich / whoRR APN · ὅςpronoun functioning as object or complementὅς: lexical item rendered 'which / who' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐποίησανmakeVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeποιέω: verbal form rendered 'make' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
δάκτυλοιfingerN2 NPM · δάκτυλοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδάκτυλος: lexical item rendered 'finger' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
αὐτῶνhis / their / himRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as a genitive dependent within the phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his / their / him' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ὄψονταιlook at / seeVF FMI3P · ὁράωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardὁράω: verbal form rendered 'look at / see' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
δένδραtreeN2N APN · δένδρονaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementδένδρον: lexical item rendered 'tree' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
αὐτῶνhis / their / himRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as a genitive dependent within the phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his / their / him' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextοὐδέ: connective or particle rendered 'nor' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
βδελύγματαabominationN3M APN · βδέλυγμαaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementβδέλυγμα: lexical item rendered 'abomination' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
αὐτῶνhis / their / himRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as a genitive dependent within the phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his / their / him' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
9
τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ἔσονται αἱ πόλεις σου ἐγκαταλελειμμέναι ὃν τρόπον ἐγκατέλιπον οἱ Αμορραῖοι καὶ οἱ Ευαῖοι ἀπὸ προσώπου τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ καὶ ἔσονται ἔρημοι
On that day your cities will be deserted, just as the Amorites and the Hivites abandoned theirs before the sons of Israel, and they will be desolate.
The abandoned cities embody the covenant consequence of forgetting God. The comparison to earlier dispossessions links present judgment to Israel's own remembered history.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun functioning as a dative complement within the clauseἐκεῖνος: lexical item rendered 'that' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἔσονταιbeVF FMI3P · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'be' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
πόλειςcityN3I NPF · πόλιςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπόλις: lexical item rendered 'city' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronoun functioning as a genitive dependent within the phraseσύ: lexical item rendered 'you' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐγκαταλελειμμέναιleft behindVP · χμπνπφ λείπω + ἐν + καταparticiple contributing description, attendant circumstance, or substantival forceχμπνπφ λείπω + ἐν + κατα: verbal form rendered 'left behind' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ὃνwhich / whoRR ASM · ὅςpronoun functioning as object or complementὅς: lexical item rendered 'which / who' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τρόπονmannerN2 ASM · τρόποςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementτρόπος: lexical item rendered 'manner' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐγκατέλιπονleave behindVBI AAI3P · λείπω + ἐν + καταfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeλείπω + ἐν + κατα: verbal form rendered 'leave behind' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ΑμορραῖοιAmoriteN2 NPM · Ἀμορραῖοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionAmorite: proper name retained in transliteration and used here within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ΕυαῖοιHiviteN2 NPM · Ευαῖοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionHivite: proper name retained in transliteration and used here within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπό: preposition rendered 'from' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierπρόσωπον: lexical item rendered 'face / presence' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierυἱός: lexical item rendered 'son' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλindeclinable element functioning within the clauseIsrael: proper name retained in transliteration and used here within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἔσονταιbeVF FMI3P · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'be' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἔρημοιdesolateN2 NPF · ἔρημοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἔρημος: lexical item rendered 'desolate' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
10
διότι κατέλιπες τὸν θεὸν τὸν σωτῆρά σου καὶ κυρίου τοῦ βοηθοῦ σου οὐκ ἐμνήσθης διὰ τοῦτο φυτεύσεις φύτευμα ἄπιστον καὶ σπέρμα ἄπιστον
Because you abandoned God your savior and did not remember the Lord your helper, therefore you will plant a faithless planting and a faithless seed.
This verse states the theological cause directly: Israel forgot the God who saves and helps. The failed planting becomes an enacted metaphor for misplaced reliance.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextδιότι: connective or particle rendered 'because' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
κατέλιπεςleave behindVBI AAI2S · λείπω + καταfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeλείπω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'leave behind' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementθεός: lexical item rendered 'God' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
σωτῆράsaviorN3H ASM · σωτήρaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementσωτήρ: lexical item rendered 'savior' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronoun functioning as a genitive dependent within the phraseσύ: lexical item rendered 'you' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
βοηθοῦhelperN2 GSM · βοηθόςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierβοηθός: lexical item rendered 'helper' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronoun functioning as a genitive dependent within the phraseσύ: lexical item rendered 'you' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐμνήσθηςrememberVSI API2S · μιμνήσκωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeμιμνήσκω: verbal form rendered 'remember' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing the following phraseδιά: preposition rendered 'because of' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronoun functioning as object or complementοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'this' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
φυτεύσειςplantVF FAI2S · φυτεύωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardφυτεύω: verbal form rendered 'plant' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
φύτευμαplantingN3M ASN · φύτευμαaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementφύτευμα: lexical item rendered 'planting' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἄπιστονfaithlessA1B ASN · ἄπιστοςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementἄπιστος: lexical item rendered 'faithless' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
σπέρμαseedN3M ASN · σπέρμαaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementσπέρμα: lexical item rendered 'seed' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἄπιστονfaithlessA1B ASN · ἄπιστοςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementἄπιστος: lexical item rendered 'faithless' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
11
τῇ δὲ ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ ἂν φυτεύσῃς πλανηθήσῃ τὸ δὲ πρωί ἐὰν σπείρῃς ἀνθήσει εἰς ἀμητὸν ᾗ ἂν ἡμέρᾳ κληρώσῃ καὶ ὡς πατὴρ ἀνθρώπου κληρώσῃ τοῖς υἱοῖς σου
On the day when you plant, you will go astray, and if you sow in the morning it will blossom for harvest on whatever day you allot it, as a father allots to your sons.
The agricultural metaphor reaches its bitter result. Labor and cultivation do not yield secure inheritance but disappointment and estrangement.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
δὲbut / andX · δέconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but / and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ᾗwhich / whoRR DSF · ὅςpronoun functioning as a dative complement within the clauseὅς: lexical item rendered 'which / who' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἂνwould / mightX · ἄνconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextἄν: connective or particle rendered 'would / might' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
φυτεύσῃςplantVA AAS2S · φυτεύωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeφυτεύω: verbal form rendered 'plant' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
πλανηθήσῃgo astrayVC FPI2S · πλανάωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardπλανάω: verbal form rendered 'go astray' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
δὲbut / andX · δέconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextδέ: connective or particle rendered 'but / and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
πρωίmorningD · πρωίadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseπρωί: adverbial form rendered 'morning' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐὰνif / wheneverC · ἐάνconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextἐάν: connective or particle rendered 'if / whenever' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
σπείρῃςsowVA AAS2S · σπείρωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeσπείρω: verbal form rendered 'sow' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἀνθήσειblossomVF FAI3S · ἀνθέωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardἀνθέω: verbal form rendered 'blossom' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἀμητὸνharvestN2 ASM · ἀμητόςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementἀμητός: lexical item rendered 'harvest' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ᾗwhich / whoRR DSF · ὅςpronoun functioning as a dative complement within the clauseὅς: lexical item rendered 'which / who' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἂνwould / mightX · ἄνconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextἄν: connective or particle rendered 'would / might' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
κληρώσῃassign / allotVF FAI2S · κληρόωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardκληρόω: verbal form rendered 'assign / allot' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ὡςas / likeD · ὡςadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseὡς: adverbial form rendered 'as / like' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
πατὴρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionπατήρ: lexical item rendered 'father' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἀνθρώπουhuman beingN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierἄνθρωπος: lexical item rendered 'human being' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
κληρώσῃassign / allotVF FAI2S · κληρόωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardκληρόω: verbal form rendered 'assign / allot' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
υἱοῖςsonN2 DPM · υἱόςdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereυἱός: lexical item rendered 'son' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronoun functioning as a genitive dependent within the phraseσύ: lexical item rendered 'you' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
12
οὐαὶ πλῆθος ἐθνῶν πολλῶν ὡς θάλασσα κυμαίνουσα οὕτως ταραχθήσεσθε καὶ νῶτος ἐθνῶν πολλῶν ὡς ὕδωρ ἠχήσει
Woe to the multitude of many nations: as the sea surges, so they will be thrown into confusion, and the rush of many nations will sound like water.
The chapter now widens to the roaring multitude of nations. Their mass and noise are compared to a churning sea.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
οὐαὶwoeI · οὐαίinterjection marking exclamation or discourse emphasisοὐαί: exclamatory form rendered 'woe' here and marking the heightened rhetoric of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementπλῆθος: lexical item rendered 'multitude' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierἔθνος: lexical item rendered 'nation' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
πολλῶνmany / muchA1 GPN · πολύςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierπολύς: lexical item rendered 'many / much' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ὡςas / likeD · ὡςadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseὡς: adverbial form rendered 'as / like' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
θάλασσαseaN1S NSF · θάλασσαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionθάλασσα: lexical item rendered 'sea' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
κυμαίνουσαsurgingV1 · παπνσφ κυμαίνωparticiple contributing description, attendant circumstance, or substantival forceπαπνσφ κυμαίνω: verbal form rendered 'surging' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
οὕτωςthus / soD · οὕτωςadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseοὕτως: adverbial form rendered 'thus / so' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ταραχθήσεσθεthrow into confusionVQ FPI2P · ταράσσωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardταράσσω: verbal form rendered 'throw into confusion' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
νῶτοςrush / onsetN2 NSM · νῶτοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionνῶτος: lexical item rendered 'rush / onset' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierἔθνος: lexical item rendered 'nation' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
πολλῶνmany / muchA1 GPN · πολύςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierπολύς: lexical item rendered 'many / much' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ὡςas / likeD · ὡςadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseὡς: adverbial form rendered 'as / like' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ὕδωρwaterN3 NSN · ὕδωρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionὕδωρ: lexical item rendered 'water' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἠχήσειsound / roarVF FAI3S · ἠχέωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardἠχέω: verbal form rendered 'sound / roar' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
13
ὡς ὕδωρ πολὺ ἔθνη πολλά ὡς ὕδατος πολλοῦ βίᾳ καταφερομένου καὶ ἀποσκορακιεῖ αὐτὸν καὶ πόρρω αὐτὸν διώξεται ὡς χνοῦν ἀχύρου λικμώντων ἀπέναντι ἀνέμου καὶ ὡς κονιορτὸν τροχοῦ καταιγὶς φέρουσα
Many nations will roar like much water driven violently along, but he will cast it off and drive it far away, like chaff-dust before the wind and like wheel-dust carried by a storm.
The threatening nations are not sovereign over their own momentum. The Lord reduces their force to chaff and dust driven away by wind and storm.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ὡςas / likeD · ὡςadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseὡς: adverbial form rendered 'as / like' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ὕδωρwaterN3 ASN · ὕδωρaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementὕδωρ: lexical item rendered 'water' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
πολὺmany / muchA1P ASN · πολύςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementπολύς: lexical item rendered 'many / much' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἔθνηnationN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementἔθνος: lexical item rendered 'nation' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
πολλάmany / muchA1 APN · πολύςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementπολύς: lexical item rendered 'many / much' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ὡςas / likeD · ὡςadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseὡς: adverbial form rendered 'as / like' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierὕδωρ: lexical item rendered 'water' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
πολλοῦmany / muchA1 GSN · πολύςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierπολύς: lexical item rendered 'many / much' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
βίᾳforce / violenceN1A DSF · βίαdative substantive functioning as complement, instrument, or sphereβία: lexical item rendered 'force / violence' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καταφερομένουbeing borne downV1 · πμπγσμ φέρω + καταfinite verbal form carrying the clause forwardπμπγσμ φέρω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'being borne down' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἀποσκορακιεῖscatter awayVF FAI3S · σκορακίζω + ἀποfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardσκορακίζω + ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'scatter away' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
αὐτὸνhis / their / himRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his / their / him' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
πόρρωfar awayD · πόρρωadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseπόρρω: adverbial form rendered 'far away' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
αὐτὸνhis / their / himRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complementαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his / their / him' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
διώξεταιpursue / driveVF FMI3S · διώκωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardδιώκω: verbal form rendered 'pursue / drive' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ὡςas / likeD · ὡςadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseὡς: adverbial form rendered 'as / like' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
χνοῦνchaff-dustN3 ASM · χνοῦνaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementχνοῦν: lexical item rendered 'chaff-dust' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἀχύρουchaffN2N GSN · ἄχυρονgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierἄχυρον: lexical item rendered 'chaff' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
λικμώντωνthreshingV3 · παπγπμ λικμάωparticiple contributing description, attendant circumstance, or substantival forceπαπγπμ λικμάω: verbal form rendered 'threshing' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἀπέναντιbeforeD · ἀπέναντιadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseἀπέναντι: adverbial form rendered 'before' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἀνέμουwindN2 GSM · ἄνεμοςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierἄνεμος: lexical item rendered 'wind' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ὡςas / likeD · ὡςadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseὡς: adverbial form rendered 'as / like' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
κονιορτὸνdust-cloudN2 ASM · κονιορτόςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementκονιορτός: lexical item rendered 'dust-cloud' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τροχοῦwheelN2 GSM · τροχόςgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifierτροχός: lexical item rendered 'wheel' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καταιγὶςstormN3D ASF · καταιγίςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementκαταιγίς: lexical item rendered 'storm' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
φέρουσαcarryingV1 · παπνσφ φέρωparticiple contributing description, attendant circumstance, or substantival forceπαπνσφ φέρω: verbal form rendered 'carrying' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
14
πρὸς ἑσπέραν ἔσται πένθος πρὶν ἢ πρωὶ καὶ οὐκ ἔσται αὕτη ἡ μερὶς τῶν ὑμᾶς προνομευσάντων καὶ κληρονομία τοῖς ὑμᾶς κληρονομήσασιν
Toward evening there will be grief; before morning it will be gone. This is the portion of those who plundered you and the inheritance of those who seized you.
The oracle closes with sudden temporal compression: evening grief becomes morning disappearance. The fate of the invaders is named as the settled portion of plunderers.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρός: preposition rendered 'toward' here and governing its complement within Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἑσπέρανeveningN1A ASF · ἑσπέραaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementἑσπέρα: lexical item rendered 'evening' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'be' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
πένθοςgriefN3E ASN · πένθοςaccusative substantive functioning as object, extent, or complementπένθος: lexical item rendered 'grief' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
πρὶνbeforeD · πρίνadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseπρίν: adverbial form rendered 'before' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextἤ: connective or particle rendered 'or' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
πρωὶmorningD · πρωίadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseπρωί: adverbial form rendered 'morning' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial form modifying the clause or phraseοὐ: adverbial form rendered 'not' here, sharpening the local imagery or clause relation in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'be' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronoun functioning as subject or predicate elementοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'this' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
μερὶςportionN3D NSF · μερίςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionμερίς: lexical item rendered 'portion' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complementσύ: lexical item rendered 'you' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
προνομευσάντωνthose who plunderedVA · ααπγπμ νομεύω + προfinite verbal form carrying the clause forwardααπγπμ νομεύω + προ: verbal form rendered 'those who plundered' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle linking the clause to its contextκαί: connective or particle rendered 'and' here and shaping the flow of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
κληρονομίαinheritanceN1A NSF · κληρονομίαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionκληρονομία: lexical item rendered 'inheritance' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complementσύ: lexical item rendered 'you' here and used according to its inflection and local syntactic role in Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.
κληρονομήσασινthose who seized / inheritedVA · ααπδπμ κληρονομέωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forwardααπδπμ κληρονομέω: verbal form rendered 'those who seized / inherited' here and carrying the movement of Isaiah 17, the oracle against Damascus and Ephraim.