1
ἀποστελῶ ὡς ἑρπετὰ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν μὴ πέτρα ἔρημός ἐστιν τὸ ὄρος Σιων
I will send them like creeping things upon the land. Is not the rock desolate? The mountain of Zion is a wilderness.
The chapter begins with terse, unstable imagery that immediately frames Moab as vulnerable and exposed in relation to Zion.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἀποστελῶsendVF2 FAI1S · στέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'send'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςlikeX · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑρπετὰcreeping thingsN2N APN · ἑρπετόνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἑρπετόν: meaning 'creeping things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέτραrockN1A NSF · πέτραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπέτρα: meaning 'rock'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔρημόςdesolateN2 NSF · ἔρημοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔρημος: meaning 'desolate'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄροςmountainN3E NSN · ὄροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΣιωνZionN GSF · Σιωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣιων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
2
ἔσῃ γὰρ ὡς πετεινοῦ ἀνιπταμένου νεοσσὸς ἀφῃρημένος θύγατερ Μωαβ ἔπειτα δέ Αρνων
For you shall be like a fledgling bird, a snatched-away chick, O daughter of Moab; then beyond Arnon...
The daughter of Moab is compared to a dislodged fledgling, a compact image for forced displacement and insecurity.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἔσῃisVF FMI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςlikeX · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πετεινοῦbirdN2N GSN · πετεινόνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπετεινόν: meaning 'bird'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνιπταμένουpmpgsn iptamai + anaV1 · πμπγσν ἵπταμαι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσν ἵπταμαι + ἀνα: meaning 'pmpgsn iptamai + ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νεοσσὸςyoung birdN2 NSM · νεοσσόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνεοσσός: meaning 'young bird'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀφῃρημένοςchmpnsm aireo + apoVM · χμπνσμ αἱρέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσμ αἱρέω + ἀπο: meaning 'chmpnsm aireo + apo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θύγατερdaughterN3H VSF · θυγάτηρvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ΜωαβMoabN GS · Μωαβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜωαβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἔπειταepeitaD · ἔπειταadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔπειτα: meaning 'epeita'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέthenX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑρνωνArnonN VS · Αρνωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑρνων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
3
πλείονα βουλεύου ποιεῖτε σκέπην πένθους αὐτῇ διὰ παντός ἐν μεσημβρινῇ σκοτίᾳ φεύγουσιν ἐξέστησαν μὴ ἀπαχθῇς
Take fuller counsel; make for her a shelter of mourning continually. In midday darkness the fugitives are beside themselves; do not be carried away.
Imperatives call for deliberate protection of the endangered, while the darkened noon heightens the sense of emergency.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
πλείοναmore abundantA3C ASM · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'more abundant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
βουλεύουtake counselV1 PMD2S · βουλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβουλεύω: meaning 'take counsel'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ποιεῖτεdidV2 PAD2P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σκέπηνcoverN1 ASF · σκέπηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκέπης: meaning 'cover'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πένθουςmourningN3E GSN · πένθοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπένθος: meaning 'mourning'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῇin herRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'in her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντόςallA3 GSM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μεσημβρινῇmiddayA1 DSF · μεσημβρινόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμεσημβρινός: meaning 'midday'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σκοτίᾳdarknessN1 DSF · σκοτίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσκοτία: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
φεύγουσινare fleeingV1 PAI3P · φεύγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφεύγω: meaning 'are fleeing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξέστησανwere terrified / panickedVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἐκ: meaning 'were terrified'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπαχθῇςbe carried awayVQ APS2S · ἄγω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἄγω + ἀπο: meaning 'be carried away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
παροικήσουσίν σοι οἱ φυγάδες Μωαβ ἔσονται σκέπη ὑμῖν ἀπὸ προσώπου διώκοντος ὅτι ἤρθη ἡ συμμαχία σου καὶ ὁ ἄρχων ἀπώλετο ὁ καταπατῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς
The fugitives of Moab shall sojourn with you; they shall be a shelter for you from the face of the pursuer. For your alliance has been removed, and the ruler has perished, the one trampling upon the land.
The command to host Moabite fugitives is grounded in the collapse of the oppressing power that had trampled the land.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
παροικήσουσίνsojournVF FAI3P · οἰκέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureοἰκέω + παρα: meaning 'sojourn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυγάδεςfugitivesN3D NPM · φυγάςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφυγάς: meaning 'fugitives'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΜωαβMoabN GS · Μωαβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜωαβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἔσονταιisVF FMI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σκέπηshelterN1 NSF · σκέπηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκέπης: meaning 'shelter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑμῖνfor youRP DP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'for you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προσώπουfaceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διώκοντοςπαπγσμ διώκωV1 · παπγσμ διώκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ διώκω: meaning 'παπγσμ διώκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιforC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤρθηwas liftedVCI API3S · αἴρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἴρω: meaning 'was lifted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συμμαχίαallianceN1 NSF · συμμαχίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυμμαχία: meaning 'alliance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχωνrulerN3 NSM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπώλετοdestroyedVBI AMI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταπατῶνkatapatonV2 · παπνσμ πατέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ πατέω + κατα: meaning 'katapaton'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
5
καὶ διορθωθήσεται μετ' ἐλέους θρόνος καὶ καθίεται ἐπ' αὐτοῦ μετὰ ἀληθείας ἐν σκηνῇ Δαυιδ κρίνων καὶ ἐκζητῶν κρίμα καὶ σπεύδων δικαιοσύνην
And with mercy a throne shall be set right, and one shall sit upon it with truth in the tent of David, judging and seeking justice and hastening righteousness.
The poem briefly lifts the eye to a merciful Davidic throne, setting just rule and truth over against Moab's disorder.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διορθωθήσεταιset rightVC FPI3S · ὀρθόω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀρθόω + δια: meaning 'set right'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐλέουςmercyN3E APN · ἔλεοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θρόνοςthroneN2 NSM · θρόνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθρόνος: meaning 'throne'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθίεταιsitVF2 FMI3S · ἵζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵζω + κατα: meaning 'sit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦitRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀληθείαςtruthN1A GSF · ἀλήθειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σκηνῇtentN1 DSF · σκηνήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσκηνή: meaning 'tent'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
κρίνωνpapnsm krinoV1 · παπνσμ κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ κρίνω: meaning 'papnsm krino'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκζητῶνpapnsm zeteo + ekV2 · παπνσμ ζητέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'papnsm zeteo + ek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρίμαjusticeN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίμα: meaning 'justice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σπεύδωνhurryV1 · παπνσμ σπεύδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ σπεύδω: meaning 'hurry'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
6
ἠκούσαμεν τὴν ὕβριν Μωαβ ὑβριστὴς σφόδρα τὴν ὑπερηφανίαν ἐξῆρας οὐχ οὕτως ἡ μαντεία σου
We have heard of the insolence of Moab, that he is very insolent; you raised up your arrogance. Your divination is not so.
A communal "we have heard" introduces Moab's defining vice: insolence, inflated self-regard, and speech that cannot stand.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἠκούσαμενheardVAI AAI1P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕβρινinsolenceN3I ASF · ὕβριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕβρις: meaning 'insolence'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΜωαβMoabN GS · Μωαβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜωαβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὑβριστὴςinsolent oneN1 GSM · ὑβριστήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὑβριστής: meaning 'insolent one'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σφόδραveryD · σφόδραadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'very'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπερηφανίανarroganceN1A ASF · ὑπερηφανίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑπερηφανία: meaning 'arrogance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξῆραςraisedA1A APF · ξηρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationξηρός: meaning 'raised'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαντείαdivinationN1A NSF · μαντείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμαντεία: meaning 'divination'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
οὐχ οὕτως ὀλολύξει Μωαβ ἐν γὰρ τῇ Μωαβίτιδι πάντες ὀλολύξουσιν τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν Δεσεθ μελετήσεις καὶ οὐκ ἐντραπήσῃ
Therefore Moab shall howl, for in Moab all shall howl. You shall care for those dwelling in Deseth, and you shall not be ashamed.
Because pride gives way to collapse, Moab turns to howling and to anxious concern for those left dwelling in its shattered places.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀλολύξειhowlVF FAI3S · ὀλολύζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλολύζω: meaning 'howl'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΜωαβMoabN NS · Μωαβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜωαβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωαβίτιδιMoabN DSF · Μωαβῖτιςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜωαβίτιδι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὀλολύξουσινhowlVF FAI3P · ὀλολύζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλολύζω: meaning 'howl'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦσινpapdpm oikeo + kataV2 · παπδπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'papdpm oikeo + kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΔεσεθDesethN AS · Δεσεθnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΔεσεθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
μελετήσειςcare forVF FAI2S · μελετάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμελετάω: meaning 'care for'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐντραπήσῃbe ashamedVD API2S · τρέπω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτρέπω + ἐν: meaning 'be ashamed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
8
τὰ πεδία Εσεβων πενθήσει ἄμπελος Σεβαμα καταπίνοντες τὰ ἔθνη καταπατήσατε τὰς ἀμπέλους αὐτῆς ἕως Ιαζηρ οὐ μὴ συνάψητε πλανήθητε τὴν ἔρημον οἱ ἀπεσταλμένοι ἐγκατελείφθησαν διέβησαν γὰρ τὴν ἔρημον
The plains of Heshbon shall mourn, the vine of Sebama. O swallowers of the nations, trample her vines as far as Jazer. Do not join yourselves; wander the wilderness. The envoys were abandoned, for they crossed the wilderness.
Fields, vines, wilderness crossings, and abandoned envoys together portray a land whose fertility and diplomacy have both failed.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεδίαplainsN2N NPN · πεδίονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπεδίον: meaning 'plains'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΕσεβωνHeshbonN NS · Εσεβωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΕσεβων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
πενθήσειmournVF FAI3S · πενθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπενθέω: meaning 'mourn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄμπελοςvineN2 NSF · ἄμπελοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄμπελος: meaning 'vine'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΣεβαμαSebamaN GS · Σεβαμαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣεβαμα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καταπίνοντεςpapnpm pino + kataV1 · παπνπμ πίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ πίνω + κατα: meaning 'papnpm pino + kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καταπατήσατεtramplingVA AAD2P · πατέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπατέω + κατα: meaning 'trampling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμπέλουςvineN2 APF · ἄμπελοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄμπελος: meaning 'vine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἕωςas far asD · ἕωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'as far as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙαζηρIazerN GS · Ιαζηρnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙαζηρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνάψητεengageVA AAS2P · ἅπτω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἅπτω + συν: meaning 'engage'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλανήθητεwanderVC APS2P · πλανάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπλανάω: meaning 'wander'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔρημονdesolateN2 ASF · ἔρημοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔρημος: meaning 'desolate'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπεσταλμένοιhaving been sentVM · χμπνπμ στέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνπμ στέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'having been sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγκατελείφθησανabandonedVVI API3P · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'abandoned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διέβησανcrossed overVZI AAI3P · βαίνω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + δια: meaning 'crossed over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔρημονdesolateN2 ASF · ἔρημοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔρημος: meaning 'desolate'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
9
διὰ τοῦτο κλαύσομαι ὡς τὸν κλαυθμὸν Ιαζηρ ἄμπελον Σεβαμα τὰ δένδρα σου κατέβαλεν Εσεβων καὶ Ελεαλη ὅτι ἐπὶ τῷ θερισμῷ καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ τρυγήτῳ σου καταπατήσω καὶ πάντα πεσοῦνται
Therefore I shall weep with the weeping of Jazer for the vine of Sebama. Your trees Heshbon and Elealeh have cast down, because upon your harvest and upon your vintage I shall trample, and all shall fall.
The speaker now joins the lament directly, mourning the downfall of Sebama, Heshbon, and Elealeh as harvest and vintage are trampled down.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κλαύσομαιweepVF FMI1S · κλαίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκλαίω: meaning 'weep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςlikeD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλαυθμὸνweepingN2 ASM · κλαυθμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκλαυθμός: meaning 'weeping'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΙαζηρIazerN GS · Ιαζηρnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙαζηρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἄμπελονvineN2 ASF · ἄμπελοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄμπελος: meaning 'vine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΣεβαμαSebamaN GS · Σεβαμαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣεβαμα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δένδραtreesN2N APN · δένδρονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδένδρον: meaning 'trees'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατέβαλενcast downVBI AAI3S · βάλλω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβάλλω + κατα: meaning 'cast down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΕσεβωνHeshbonN GS · Εσεβωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΕσεβων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλεαληElealehN GS · Ελεαληnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΕλεαλη: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὅτιforC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θερισμῷharvestN2 DSM · θερισμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθερισμός: meaning 'harvest'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρυγήτῳvintageN2 DSM · τρύγητοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτρύγητος: meaning 'vintage'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καταπατήσωtramplingVF FAI1S · πατέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπατέω + κατα: meaning 'trampling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πεσοῦνταιfallVF FMI3S · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω: meaning 'fall'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
καὶ ἀρθήσεται εὐφροσύνη καὶ ἀγαλλίαμα ἐκ τῶν ἀμπελώνων σου καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἀμπελῶσίν σου οὐ μὴ εὐφρανθήσονται καὶ οὐ μὴ πατήσουσιν οἶνον εἰς τὰ ὑπολήνια πέπαυται γάρ
And gladness and rejoicing shall be taken away from your vineyards, and in your vine-plots they shall certainly not rejoice, and they shall certainly not tread wine into the vats, for it has ceased.
The verse turns from tears to silence: festal joy and wine-making activity disappear from the vineyards because the productive cycle has ceased.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀρθήσεταιtake awayVC FPI3S · αἴρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἴρω: meaning 'take away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὐφροσύνηgladnessN1 NSF · εὐφροσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐφροσύνη: meaning 'gladness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαλλίαμαadornment / joyN3M NSN · ἀγαλλίαμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαλλίαμα: meaning 'adornment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκekP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'ek'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμπελώνωνvineyardsN3W GPM · ἀμπελώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀμπελών: meaning 'vineyards'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμπελῶσίνvineyardsN3W DPM · ἀμπελώνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀμπελών: meaning 'vineyards'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐφρανθήσονταιrejoiceVC FPI3P · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πατήσουσινtreadVF FAI3P · πατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπατέω: meaning 'tread'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςeisP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'eis'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπολήνιαwine-vatsN2N APN · ὑπολήνιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑπολήνιον: meaning 'wine-vats'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πέπαυταιhas ceasedVM XMI3S · παύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαύω: meaning 'has ceased'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γάρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
11
διὰ τοῦτο ἡ κοιλία μου ἐπὶ Μωαβ ὡς κιθάρα ἠχήσει καὶ τὰ ἐντός μου ὡσεὶ τεῖχος ὃ ἐνεκαίνισας
Therefore my inward being shall sound over Moab like a harp, and my insides like the wall which you renewed.
The emotional register becomes visceral as the speaker's inward parts reverberate for Moab like a harp for a funeral song.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλίαbellyN1A NSF · κοιλίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκοιλία: meaning 'belly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΜωαβMoabN GS · Μωαβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜωαβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὡςlikeD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κιθάραharpN1A NSF · κιθάραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκιθάρα: meaning 'harp'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἠχήσειsoundVF FAI3S · ἠχέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἠχέω: meaning 'sound'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐντόςinner partsD · ἐντόςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐντός: meaning 'inner parts'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡσεὶas ifD · ὡσείadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡσεὶ: meaning 'as if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεῖχοςwallN3E ASN · τεῖχοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτεῖχος: meaning 'wall'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὃwhichRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνεκαίνισαςrenewedVAI AAI2S · καινίζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαινίζω + ἐν: meaning 'renewed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
καὶ ἔσται εἰς τὸ ἐντραπῆναί σε ὅτι ἐκοπίασεν Μωαβ ἐπὶ τοῖς βωμοῖς καὶ εἰσελεύσεται εἰς τὰ χειροποίητα αὐτῆς ὥστε προσεύξασθαι καὶ οὐ μὴ δύνηται ἐξελέσθαι αὐτόν
And it shall be for your shame, because Moab has grown weary at the altars and shall enter into her handmade shrines so as to pray, yet she shall not be able to deliver him.
Moab exhausts itself at its altars and seeks help from handmade sanctuaries, but the cult cannot save.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιisVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςeisP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'eis'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐντραπῆναίbe ashamedVD APN · τρέπω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementτρέπω + ἐν: meaning 'be ashamed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιforC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκοπίασενgrown wearyVAI AAI3S · κοπιάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκοπιάω: meaning 'grown weary'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΜωαβMoabN NS · Μωαβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜωαβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βωμοῖςaltarN2 DPM · βωμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβωμός: meaning 'altar'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσελεύσεταιenterVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'enter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςeisP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'eis'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειροποίηταhandmade shrinesA1B APN · χειροποίητοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχειροποίητος: meaning 'handmade shrines'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὥστεso as toC · ὥστεconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὥστε: meaning 'so as to'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσεύξασθαιprayVA AMN · εὔχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεὔχομαι + προς: meaning 'pray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύνηταιbe ableV6 PMS3S · δύναμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδύναμαι: meaning 'be able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξελέσθαιto deliverVB AMN · αἱρέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementαἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'to deliver'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13
τοῦτο τὸ ῥῆμα ὃ ἐλάλησεν κύριος ἐπὶ Μωαβ ὁπότε καὶ ἐλάλησεν
This is the word which the Lord spoke concerning Moab, when he also spoke formerly.
The speaker identifies the whole preceding burden as the Lord's established word concerning Moab.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τοῦτοthisRD NSN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαwordN3M NSN · ῥῆμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥῆμα: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὃwhichRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐλάλησενspokeVAI AAI3S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'spoke'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΜωαβMoabN AS · Μωαβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜωαβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὁπότεwheneverD · ὁπότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὁπότε: meaning 'whenever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeVAI AAI3S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'spoke'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
καὶ νῦν λέγω ἐν τρισὶν ἔτεσιν ἐτῶν μισθωτοῦ ἀτιμασθήσεται ἡ δόξα Μωαβ ἐν παντὶ τῷ πλούτῳ τῷ πολλῷ καὶ καταλειφθήσεται ὀλιγοστὸς καὶ οὐκ ἔντιμος
And now I say: within three years, like the years of a hired worker, the glory of Moab shall be dishonored in all its great wealth, and a remnant shall be left, small and without honor.
The closing sentence fixes the humiliation of Moab within a definite three-year span and reduces its glory to a slight, dishonored remnant.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέγωsayV1 PAI1S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τρισὶνthreeA3 DPN · τρεῖςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔτεσινyearsN3E DPN · ἔτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μισθωτοῦhiredA1 GSM · μισθωτόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμισθωτός: meaning 'hired'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀτιμασθήσεταιdishonoredVS FPI3S · ἀτιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀτιμάζω: meaning 'dishonored'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόξαgloryN1S NSF · δόξαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΜωαβMoabN GS · Μωαβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜωαβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλούτῳwealthN2 DSM · πλοῦτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πολλῷgreatA1 DSM · πολύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπολύς: meaning 'great'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταλειφθήσεταιleftVV FPI3S · λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλείπω + κατα: meaning 'left'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀλιγοστὸςsmallA1 NSMS · ὀλιγοστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀλιγοστός: meaning 'small'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔντιμοςhonoredA1B NSM · ἔντιμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔντιμος: meaning 'honored'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.