1
καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ ἀκοῦσαι τὸν βασιλέα Εζεκιαν ἔσχισεν τὰ ἱμάτια καὶ σάκκον περιεβάλετο καὶ ἀνέβη εἰς τὸν οἶκον κυρίου
And it came to pass, when King Hezekiah heard, that he tore his garments, clothed himself in sackcloth, and went up to the house of the Lord.
The crisis turns from public insult to penitential response. Hezekiah's torn garments, sackcloth, and temple ascent frame the chapter as a contest to be answered before the Lord rather than merely by policy.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοcome to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'come to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκοῦσαιhearVA AAN · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΕζεκιανHezekiahN ASM · Εζεκιαςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΕζεκιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἔσχισενschizoVAI AAI3S · σχίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσχίζω: meaning 'schizo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱμάτιαgarmentN2N APN · ἱμάτιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἱμάτιον: meaning 'garment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σάκκονsackclothN2 ASM · σάκκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσάκκος: meaning 'sackcloth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
περιεβάλετοput on, clotheVBI AMI3S · βάλλω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβάλλω + περι: meaning 'put on, clothe'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέβηgo upVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'go up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονoἶkosN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'oἶkos'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
2
καὶ ἀπέστειλεν Ελιακιμ τὸν οἰκονόμον καὶ Σομναν τὸν γραμματέα καὶ τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους τῶν ἱερέων περιβεβλημένους σάκκους πρὸς Ησαιαν υἱὸν Αμως τὸν προφήτην
And he sent Eliakim the steward, Somnas the scribe, and the elders of the priests, clothed in sackcloth, to Isaiah son of Amos the prophet.
The king sends both court officials and priestly elders, showing that the emergency is political and cultic at once. Isaiah is approached as the prophet who can interpret the crisis before God.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλενsendVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'send'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΕλιακιμEliakimN NSM · Ελιακιμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΕλιακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκονόμονstewardN2 ASM · οἰκονόμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἰκονόμος: meaning 'steward'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣομνανSomnasN ASM · Σομναςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣομναν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γραμματέαscribeN3V ASM · γραμματεύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγραμματεύς: meaning 'scribe'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβυτέρουςelderN2 APM · πρεσβύτεροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'elder'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέωνpriestN3V GPM · ἱερεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἱερεύς: meaning 'priest'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
περιβεβλημένουςchmpapm ballo + periVM · χμπαπμ βάλλω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπαπμ βάλλω + περι: meaning 'chmpapm ballo + peri'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σάκκουςsackclothN2 APM · σάκκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσάκκος: meaning 'sackcloth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΗσαιανIsaiahN ASM · Ησαιαςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΗσαιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
Αμωςof AmosN GSM · Αμωςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑμως: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτηνprophetN1M ASM · προφήτηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
3
καὶ εἶπαν αὐτῷ τάδε λέγει Εζεκιας ἡμέρα θλίψεως καὶ ὀνειδισμοῦ καὶ ἐλεγμοῦ καὶ ὀργῆς ἡ σήμερον ἡμέρα ὅτι ἥκει ἡ ὠδὶν τῇ τικτούσῃ ἰσχὺν δὲ οὐκ ἔχει τοῦ τεκεῖν
And they said to him, Thus says Hezekiah: Today is a day of distress and reproach and rebuke and wrath, for the birth-pain has come to the woman in labor, but there is no strength to bring forth.
The message compresses Judah's condition into childbirth imagery: the moment of extremity has arrived, but the strength to finish is lacking. The piling up of distress terms intensifies the desperation.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανsayVAI AAI3P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷhe, she, itRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειlegoV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'lego'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΕζεκιαςHezekiahN NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΕζεκιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θλίψεωςdistressN3I GSF · θλῖψιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθλῖψις: meaning 'distress'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀνειδισμοῦreproachN2 GSM · ὀνειδισμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀνειδισμός: meaning 'reproach'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλεγμοῦpunishmentN2 GSM · ἐλεγμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐλεγμός: meaning 'punishment'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀργῆςwrathN1 GSF · ὀργήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀργή: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σήμερονtodayD · σήμερονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσήμερον: meaning 'today'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥκειhave comeV1 PAI3S · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἥκω: meaning 'have come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὠδὶνbirth-painN3 NSF · ὠδίνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὠδίν: meaning 'birth-pain'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τικτούσῃpapdsph tiktoV1 · παπδσφ τίκτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδσφ τίκτω: meaning 'papdsph tikto'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἰσχὺνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔχειhaveV1 PAI3S · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔχω: meaning 'have'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεκεῖνto give birthVB AAN · τίκτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementτίκτω: meaning 'to give birth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
εἰσακούσαι κύριος ὁ θεός σου τοὺς λόγους Ραψακου οὓς ἀπέστειλεν βασιλεὺς Ἀσσυρίων ὀνειδίζειν θεὸν ζῶντα καὶ ὀνειδίζειν λόγους οὓς ἤκουσεν κύριος ὁ θεός σου καὶ δεηθήσῃ πρὸς κύριον τὸν θεόν σου περὶ τῶν καταλελειμμένων τούτων
May the Lord your God hear the words of Rabshakeh, whom the king of the Assyrians sent to reproach the living God, and may he rebuke the words that the Lord your God has heard; and you shall pray to the Lord your God for this remnant that remains.
Hezekiah hopes the Lord will answer blasphemy with hearing and judgment. The request centers not on royal prestige but on the living God and the survival of a remnant.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
εἰσακούσαιhearVA AAS3S · ἀκούω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΡαψακουRabshakehN1M GSM · Ραψακηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΡαψακου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὓςhosRR APM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὓς: meaning 'hos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπέστειλενsendVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'send'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἈσσυρίωνAssyriansN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὀνειδίζεινreproach / insultV1 PAN · ὀνειδίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὀνειδίζω: meaning 'reproach'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ζῶνταpapasm zaoV3 · παπασμ ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασμ ζάω: meaning 'papasm zao'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀνειδίζεινreproach / insultV1 PAN · ὀνειδίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὀνειδίζω: meaning 'reproach'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὓςhosRR APM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὓς: meaning 'hos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἤκουσενhearVAI AAI3S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεηθήσῃpray / entreatVC FPI2S · δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδέω: meaning 'pray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταλελειμμένωνchmpgpm leipo + kataVP · χμπγπμ λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπγπμ λείπω + κατα: meaning 'chmpgpm leipo + kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τούτωνoὗtosRD GPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationτούτων: meaning 'oὗtos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5
καὶ ἦλθον οἱ παῖδες τοῦ βασιλέως πρὸς Ησαιαν
And the servants of King Hezekiah came to Isaiah.
This brief transition marks the movement from the king's plea to the prophet's answer. The narrative pauses at Isaiah's threshold before the divine response is given.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθονcomeVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παῖδεςservantN3D NPM · παῖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΗσαιανIsaiahN ASM · Ησαιαςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΗσαιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
6
καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Ησαιας οὕτως ἐρεῖτε πρὸς τὸν κύριον ὑμῶν τάδε λέγει κύριος μὴ φοβηθῇς ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων ὧν ἤκουσας οὓς ὠνείδισάν με οἱ πρέσβεις βασιλέως Ἀσσυρίων
And Isaiah said to them, Thus you shall say to your master: Thus says the Lord, Do not be afraid because of the words that you have heard, with which the envoys of the king of the Assyrians reproached me.
Isaiah's answer directly counters the fear generated by Assyrian speech. The insult is treated primarily as an offense against God himself, not merely against Judah.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενeiponVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'eipon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςhe, she, itRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ΗσαιαςIsaiahN NSM · Ησαιαςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΗσαιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖτεyou shall sayVF2 FAI2P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'you shall say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμῶνyouRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειlegoV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'lego'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοβηθῇςfearVC APS2S · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyφοβέω: meaning 'fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγωνwordN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὧνhosRR GPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'hos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἤκουσαςhearV1 AAI2S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὓςhosRR APM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὓς: meaning 'hos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὠνείδισάνreproach / insultVAI AAI3P · ὀνειδίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀνειδίζω: meaning 'reproach'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεweRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'we'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρέσβειςambassadorsN3I NPM · πρέσβυςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρέσβυς: meaning 'ambassadors'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἈσσυρίωνAssyriansN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
7
ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐμβαλῶ εἰς αὐτὸν πνεῦμα καὶ ἀκούσας ἀγγελίαν ἀποστραφήσεται εἰς τὴν χώραν αὐτοῦ καὶ πεσεῖται μαχαίρᾳ ἐν τῇ γῇ αὐτοῦ
Behold, I will put a spirit in him, and when he hears a report he will turn back to his own land, and he will fall by the sword in his own land.
The promised reversal is concise and total: inner impulse, outward rumor, retreat, and death. Assyria's momentum will be redirected by the Lord without Judah needing to engineer the outcome.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼegoRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐμβαλῶlayVF2 FAI1S · βάλλω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβάλλω + ἐν: meaning 'lay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhe, she, itRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πνεῦμαpneymaN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπνεῦμα: meaning 'pneyma'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκούσαςaapnsm akoyoVA · ααπνσμ ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ἀκούω: meaning 'aapnsm akoyo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγγελίανreportN1A ASF · ἀγγελίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀγγελία: meaning 'report'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀποστραφήσεταιturnVD FPI3S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'turn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χώρανlandN1A ASF · χώραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχώρα: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhe, she, itRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεσεῖταιfallVF FMI3S · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω: meaning 'fall'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μαχαίρᾳswordN1A DSF · μάχαιραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhe, she, itRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
καὶ ἀπέστρεψεν Ραψακης καὶ κατέλαβεν πολιορκοῦντα τὸν βασιλέα Λομναν καὶ ἤκουσεν βασιλεὺς Ἀσσυρίων ὅτι
And Rabshakeh turned back and found the king besieging Libnah, and the king of the Assyrians heard that he had moved on.
The narrative resumes the military scene and shows the campaign still in motion. Rabshakeh's return links Isaiah's promise to the unfolding historical circumstances.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστρεψενturnVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'turn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΡαψακηςRabshakehN1M NSM · Ραψακηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΡαψακης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέλαβενfind / seizeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + κατα: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πολιορκοῦνταbesiegingV2 · παπασμ πολιορκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασμ πολιορκέω: meaning 'besieging'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΛομνανLibnahN ASM · Λομναnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΛομναν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤκουσενhearVAI AAI3S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἈσσυρίωνAssyriansN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
9
ἐξῆλθεν Θαρακα βασιλεὺς Αἰθιόπων πολιορκῆσαι αὐτόν καὶ ἀκούσας ἀπέστρεψεν καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ἀγγέλους πρὸς Εζεκιαν λέγων
For Tirhakah king of the Ethiopians had come out to wage war against him; and when he heard it, he turned back and sent messengers to Hezekiah, saying,
The notice about Tirhakah explains the Assyrian redeployment and prompts a second round of threats. Even military distraction does not lessen Sennacherib's confidence in intimidation.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐξῆλθενcome outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'come out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΘαρακαTirhakahN NSM · Θαρακαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΘαρακα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΑἰθιόπωνEthiopiansN3P GPM · Αἰθίοψgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΑἰθιόπων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πολιορκῆσαιbesiegeVA AAN · πολιορκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπολιορκέω: meaning 'besiege'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνautosRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'autos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκούσαςaapnsm akoyoVA · ααπνσμ ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ἀκούω: meaning 'aapnsm akoyo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπέστρεψενturnVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'turn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλενsendVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'send'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγγέλουςangelN2 APM · ἄγγελοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄγγελος: meaning 'angel'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΕζεκιανEzekiasN1T ASM · Εζεκιαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΕζεκιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λέγωνlegoV1 · παπνσμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'lego'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
οὕτως ἐρεῖτε Εζεκια βασιλεῖ τῆς Ιουδαίας μή σε ἀπατάτω ὁ θεός σου ἐφ' ᾧ πεποιθὼς εἶ ἐπ' αὐτῷ λέγων οὐ μὴ παραδοθῇ Ιερουσαλημ εἰς χεῖρας βασιλέως Ἀσσυρίων
Thus you shall say to Hezekiah king of Judea: Let not your God, in whom you trust, deceive you by saying, Jerusalem shall certainly not be delivered into the hands of the king of the Assyrians.
The new message targets trust itself. Sennacherib now frames reliance on God as self-deception and turns theology into the battlefield.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖτεyou shall sayVF2 FAI2P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'you shall say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΕζεκιαEzekiasN1T DSM · Εζεκιαςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ participant identificationΕζεκια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίαςJudeaN1A GSF · Ἰουδαίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΙουδαίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μήnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπατάτωἀπατάωV3 PAD3S · ἀπατάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀπατάω: meaning 'ἀπατάω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ᾧhosRR DSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾧ: meaning 'hos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πεποιθὼςtrustVX · χαπνσμ πείθωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνσμ πείθω: meaning 'trust'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷhe, she, itRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγωνlegoV1 · παπνσμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'lego'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραδοθῇare deliveredVC APS3S · δίδωμι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'are delivered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χεῖραςhandN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἈσσυρίωνAssyriansN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
11
ἢ οὐκ ἤκουσας ἃ ἐποίησαν βασιλεῖς Ἀσσυρίων πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν ὡς ἀπώλεσαν
Have you not heard what the kings of the Assyrians did to all the earth, how they destroyed it?
The taunt appeals to imperial precedent: total devastation elsewhere is presented as proof that resistance is futile. Assyrian history is weaponized as an argument against faith.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤκουσαςhearVAI AAI2S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἃhosRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'hos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐποίησανdo / makeVAI AAI3P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βασιλεῖςkingN3V NPM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἈσσυρίωνAssyriansN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πᾶσανpᾶsA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'pᾶs'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπώλεσανollyo + apoVAI AAI3P · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'ollyo + apo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
μὴ ἐρρύσαντο αὐτοὺς οἱ θεοὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν οὓς οἱ πατέρες μου ἀπώλεσαν τήν τε Γωζαν καὶ Χαρραν καὶ Ραφες αἵ εἰσιν ἐν χώρᾳ Θεμαδ
Did the gods of the nations whom my fathers destroyed deliver them, including Gozan and Harran and Rezeph, which are in the land of Themad?
Past conquests are expanded into a catalogue of ruined places. The implication is that Judah's God should be classed with defeated national deities.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρρύσαντοrescuedVAI AMI3P · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristῥύομαι: meaning 'rescued'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςaytosRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'aytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοὶGodN2 NPM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὓςhosRR APM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὓς: meaning 'hos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρεςfatherN3 NPM · πατήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουweRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'we'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπώλεσανollyo + apoVAI AAI3P · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'ollyo + apo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τήνhoRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτήν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεteX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'te'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΓωζανGozanN1 ASF · Γωζαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΓωζαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΧαρρανHarranN ASF · Χαρρανnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΧαρραν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΡαφεςRezephN AS · Ραφεςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΡαφες: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
αἵthe women whoRR NPF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαἵ: meaning 'the women who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰσινeimiV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χώρᾳlandN1A DSF · χώραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχώρα: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΘεμαδThemadN S · Θεμαδnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΘεμαδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
13
ποῦ εἰσιν οἱ βασιλεῖς Αιμαθ καὶ Αρφαθ καὶ πόλεως Σεπφαριμ Αναγ Ουγαυα
Where are the kings of Hamath and Arphad and the city of Seppharim, Anag, and Ougaua?
The unanswered question about vanished kings reinforces the rhetoric of inevitability. The list reduces once-living polities to a memory and a warning.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ποῦwhere?D · ποῦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastποῦ: meaning 'where?'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσινeimiV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῖςkingN3V NPM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΑιμαθHamathN GS · Αιμαθnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑιμαθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑρφαθArphadN GS · Αρφαθnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑρφαθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΣεπφαριμSepharvaimN GS · Σεπφαριμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣεπφαριμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΑναγAnagN GS · Αναγnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑναγ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΟυγαυαOugauaN GS · Ουγαυαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΟυγαυα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
14
καὶ ἔλαβεν Εζεκιας τὸ βιβλίον παρὰ τῶν ἀγγέλων καὶ ἤνοιξεν αὐτὸ ἐναντίον κυρίου
And Hezekiah took the document from the messengers and opened it before the Lord.
Hezekiah's handling of the letter is liturgical as well as political. By opening it before the Lord, he relocates the issue from diplomatic correspondence to divine judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΕζεκιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βιβλίονscrollN2N ASN · βιβλίονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβιβλίον: meaning 'scroll'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παρὰfrom / besideP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγγέλωνangelN2 GPM · ἄγγελοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄγγελος: meaning 'angel'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤνοιξενoigo + anaVAI AAI3S · οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'oigo + ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐναντίονenantionP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: meaning 'enantion'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
15
καὶ προσεύξατο Εζεκιας πρὸς κύριον λέγων
And Hezekiah prayed to the Lord, saying,
Prayer replaces counter-propaganda. The king responds to written threat not with a written answer but with direct address to God.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσεύξατοprayVA AMI3S · εὔχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὔχομαι + προς: meaning 'pray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΕζεκιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λέγωνlegoV1 · παπνσμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'lego'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
16
κύριε σαβαωθ ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ ὁ καθήμενος ἐπὶ τῶν χερουβιν σὺ θεὸς μόνος εἶ πάσης βασιλείας τῆς οἰκουμένης σὺ ἐποίησας τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν
O Lord of hosts, God of Israel, the one seated upon the cherubim, you alone are God over every kingdom of the inhabited world; you made heaven and earth.
The prayer begins with enthronement theology and creation theology. The God whom Assyria mocked is confessed as the universal ruler over every kingdom it claims to master.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
σαβαωθsabaothN G · σαβαωθadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσαβαωθ: meaning 'sabaoth'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καθήμενοςpmpnsm ἧmai + kataV5 · πμπνσμ ἧμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'pmpnsm ἧmai + kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερουβινcherubimN GPN · χερουβινadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastχερουβιν: meaning 'cherubim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μόνοςaloneA1 NSM · μόνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμόνος: meaning 'alone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάσηςpᾶsA1S GSF · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'pᾶs'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκουμένηςpmpgsph oikeoV2 · πμπγσφ οἰκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσφ οἰκέω: meaning 'pmpgsph oikeo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐποίησαςdo / makeVAI AAI2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
17
εἰσάκουσον κύριε εἴσβλεψον κύριε καὶ ἰδὲ τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀπέστειλεν Σενναχηριμ ὀνειδίζειν θεὸν ζῶντα
Hear, O Lord; look, O Lord, and see the words that Sennacherib has sent to reproach the living God.
The repeated imperative to hear and see opposes the Assyrian boast with divine attentiveness. The issue is again the reproach leveled against the living God.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εἰσάκουσονhearVA AAD2S · ἀκούω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
εἴσβλεψονblepo + eisVA AAD2S · βλέπω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβλέπω + εἰς: meaning 'blepo + eis'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδὲhoraoVB AAD2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁράω: meaning 'horao'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὓςhosRR APM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὓς: meaning 'hos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπέστειλενsendVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'send'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΣενναχηριμSennacheribN NSM · Σενναχηριμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣενναχηριμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὀνειδίζεινreproach / insultV1 PAN · ὀνειδίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὀνειδίζω: meaning 'reproach'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ζῶνταpapasm zaoV3 · παπασμ ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασμ ζάω: meaning 'papasm zao'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
18
ἐπ' ἀληθείας γὰρ ἠρήμωσαν βασιλεῖς Ἀσσυρίων τὴν οἰκουμένην ὅλην καὶ τὴν χώραν αὐτῶν
For truly the kings of the Assyrians laid waste the whole inhabited world and their lands,
Hezekiah concedes the brute fact of Assyrian success. Faith here does not deny history but interprets its limits.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀληθείαςtruthN1A GSF · ἀλήθειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠρήμωσανlay wasteVAI AAI3P · ἐρημόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐρημόω: meaning 'lay waste'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βασιλεῖςkingN3V NPM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἈσσυρίωνAssyriansN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκουμένηνpmpasph oikeoV2 · πμπασφ οἰκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασφ οἰκέω: meaning 'pmpasph oikeo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅληνholosA1 ASF · ὅλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅλος: meaning 'holos'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χώρανlandN1A ASF · χώραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχώρα: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνhe, she, itRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
19
καὶ ἐνέβαλον τὰ εἴδωλα αὐτῶν εἰς τὸ πῦρ οὐ γὰρ θεοὶ ἦσαν ἀλλὰ ἔργα χειρῶν ἀνθρώπων ξύλα καὶ λίθοι καὶ ἀπώλεσαν αὐτούς
and they threw their idols into the fire; for they were not gods, but works of human hands, wood and stone, and they destroyed them.
The prayer explains why Assyria's previous victories do not settle the present case: their so-called gods were artifacts. The contrast between the living God and handmade idols is explicit.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνέβαλονthrow intoVBI AAI3P · βάλλω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβάλλω + ἐν: meaning 'throw into'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἴδωλαidolN2N APN · εἴδωλονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεἴδωλον: meaning 'idol'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνhe, she, itRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θεοὶGodN2 NPM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἦσανeimiV9 IAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔργαworkN2N NPN · ἔργονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χειρῶνhandN3 GPF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνθρώπωνmanN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ξύλαwoodN2N NPN · ξύλονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceξύλον: meaning 'wood'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λίθοιstoneN2 NPM · λίθοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλίθος: meaning 'stone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπώλεσανollyo + apoVAI AAI3P · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'ollyo + apo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
20
σὺ δέ κύριε ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν σῶσον ἡμᾶς ἐκ χειρὸς αὐτῶν ἵνα γνῷ πᾶσα βασιλεία τῆς γῆς ὅτι σὺ εἶ ὁ θεὸς μόνος
But now, O Lord our God, save us from their hand, so that every kingdom of the earth may know that you alone are God.
Deliverance is requested for doxological reasons. The desired end is that the whole earth should know who God is.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δέbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνweRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'we'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σῶσονsaveVA AAD2S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςweRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'we'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκekP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'ek'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνhe, she, itRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνῷgignoskoVZ AAS3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγιγνώσκω: meaning 'gignosko'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶσαpᾶsA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'pᾶs'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βασιλείαkingdomN1A NSF · βασιλείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςearthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μόνοςaloneA1 NSM · μόνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμόνος: meaning 'alone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
21
καὶ ἀπεστάλη Ησαιας υἱὸς Αμως πρὸς Εζεκιαν καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ τάδε λέγει κύριος ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ ἤκουσα ἃ προσηύξω πρός με περὶ Σενναχηριμ βασιλέως Ἀσσυρίων
And Isaiah son of Amos was sent to Hezekiah and said to him, Thus says the Lord God of Israel: I have heard what you prayed to me concerning Sennacherib king of the Assyrians.
The answer comes through the prophet in direct response to prayer. The opening line makes the divine hearing requested in v. 17 a narrative reality.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεστάληsendVDI API3S · στέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'send'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΗσαιαςIsaiahN1T NSM · Ησαιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΗσαιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
Αμωςof AmosN GSM · Αμωςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑμως: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΕζεκιανEzekiasN1T ASM · Εζεκιαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΕζεκιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενeiponVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'eipon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷhe, she, itRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειlegoV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'lego'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἤκουσαhearVAI AAI1S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἃhosRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'hos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
προσηύξωyou prayedVAI AMI2S · εὔχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὔχομαι + προς: meaning 'you prayed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μεweRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'we'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
Σενναχηριμof SennacheribN GSM · Σενναχηριμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣενναχηριμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἈσσυρίωνAssyriansN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
22
οὗτος ὁ λόγος ὃν ἐλάλησεν περὶ αὐτοῦ ὁ θεός ἐφαύλισέν σε καὶ ἐμυκτήρισέν σε παρθένος θυγάτηρ Σιων ἐπὶ σοὶ κεφαλὴν ἐκίνησεν θυγάτηρ Ιερουσαλημ
This is the word that God spoke against him: The virgin daughter Zion despised you and mocked you; the daughter Jerusalem shook her head at you.
Zion is personified as an untouched daughter who mocks the invader rather than trembles before him. The insult is reversed: the city becomes the one who scorns.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
οὗτοςoὗtosRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'oὗtos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὃνhosRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'hos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐλάλησενlaleoVAI AAI3S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'laleo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhe, she, itRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐφαύλισένphaylizoVAI AAI3S · φαυλίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφαυλίζω: meaning 'phaylizo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμυκτήρισένmockVAI AAI3S · μυκτηρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμυκτηρίζω: meaning 'mock'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παρθένοςvirginN2 NSF · παρθένοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαρθένος: meaning 'virgin'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θυγάτηρdaughterN3 NSF · θυγάτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΣιωνZionN GSF · Σιωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣιων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοὶsyRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'sy'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κεφαλὴνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκίνησενshakeVAI AAI3S · κινέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκινέω: meaning 'shake'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θυγάτηρdaughterN3 NSF · θυγάτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
23
τίνα ὠνείδισας καὶ παρώξυνας ἢ πρὸς τίνα ὕψωσας τὴν φωνήν σου καὶ οὐκ ἦρας εἰς ὕψος τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς σου εἰς τὸν ἅγιον τοῦ Ισραηλ
Whom did you reproach and provoke? Against whom did you raise your voice and lift your eyes on high? Against the Holy One of Israel.
The oracle names the true target of Assyria's arrogance. To raise the eyes and voice in pride against Jerusalem is, in truth, to exalt oneself against Israel's Holy One.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
τίναtisRI ASM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίνα: meaning 'tis'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὠνείδισαςreproach / insultVAI AAI2S · ὀνειδίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀνειδίζω: meaning 'reproach'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρώξυναςoxyno + paraVAI AAI2S · ὀξύνω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀξύνω + παρα: meaning 'oxyno + para'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τίναtisRI ASM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίνα: meaning 'tis'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὕψωσαςraiseVA AAI2S · ὑψόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὑψόω: meaning 'raise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνήνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦραςyou removedVAI AAI2S · αἴρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἴρω: meaning 'you removed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὕψοςmajestyN3E ASN · ὕψοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕψος: meaning 'majesty'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμούςeyeN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιονholyA1A ASM · ἅγιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
24
ὅτι δι' ἀγγέλων ὠνείδισας κύριον σὺ γὰρ εἶπας τῷ πλήθει τῶν ἁρμάτων ἐγὼ ἀνέβην εἰς ὕψος ὀρέων καὶ εἰς τὰ ἔσχατα τοῦ Λιβάνου καὶ ἔκοψα τὸ ὕψος τῆς κέδρου αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸ κάλλος τῆς κυπαρίσσου καὶ εἰσῆλθον εἰς ὕψος μέρους τοῦ δρυμοῦ
For through your messengers you reproached the Lord, and you said, With the multitude of my chariots I went up to the height of mountains and to the farthest parts of Lebanon, and I cut down the height of its cedar and the beauty of its cypress, and I entered into the height of the forest tract.
Sennacherib's self-description reaches toward cosmic scale, boasting of heights conquered and cedars felled. The language magnifies imperial ambition so that God's answer can expose its dependence.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀγγέλωνangelN2 GPM · ἄγγελοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄγγελος: meaning 'angel'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὠνείδισαςreproach / insultVAI AAI2S · ὀνειδίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀνειδίζω: meaning 'reproach'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπαςsayVAI AAI2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλήθειplῆthosN3E DSN · πλῆθοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλῆθος: meaning 'plῆthos'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁρμάτωνchariotN3M GPN · ἅρμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἅρμα: meaning 'chariot'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐγὼegoRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνέβηνgo upVZI AAI1S · βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'go up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὕψοςmajestyN3E ASN · ὕψοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕψος: meaning 'majesty'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὀρέωνmountainN3E GPN · ὄροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔσχαταfarthestA1 APN · ἔσχατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔσχατος: meaning 'farthest'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛιβάνουLebanonN2 GSM · Λίβανοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΛιβάνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔκοψαkoptoVAI AAI1S · κόπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκόπτω: meaning 'kopto'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕψοςmajestyN3E ASN · ὕψοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕψος: meaning 'majesty'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κέδρουcedarN2 GSF · κέδροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκέδρος: meaning 'cedar'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhe, she, itRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάλλοςbeautyN3E ASN · κάλλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκάλλος: meaning 'beauty'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυπαρίσσουcypressN2 GSF · κυπάρισσοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκυπάρισσος: meaning 'cypress'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθονerchomai + eisVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'erchomai + eis'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὕψοςmajestyN3E ASN · ὕψοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕψος: meaning 'majesty'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μέρουςmerosN3E GSN · μέροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμέρος: meaning 'meros'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δρυμοῦforestN2 GSM · δρυμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδρυμός: meaning 'forest'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
25
καὶ ἔθηκα γέφυραν καὶ ἠρήμωσα ὕδατα καὶ πᾶσαν συναγωγὴν ὕδατος
And I laid a bridge and dried up waters and every gathered body of water.
The speech continues the king's grand claims of engineering mastery and control over waters. It portrays empire as though nothing in creation can resist it.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθηκαtithemiVAI AAI1S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'tithemi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γέφυρανbridgeN1A ASF · γέφυραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγέφυρα: meaning 'bridge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠρήμωσαlay wasteVAI AAI1S · ἐρημόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐρημόω: meaning 'lay waste'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὕδαταwaterN3T ASN · ὕδωρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσανpᾶsA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'pᾶs'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
συναγωγὴνgatheringN1 ASF · συναγωγήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσυναγωγή: meaning 'gathering'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
26
οὐ ταῦτα ἤκουσας πάλαι ἃ ἐγὼ ἐποίησα ἐξ ἀρχαίων ἡμερῶν συνέταξα νῦν δὲ ἐπέδειξα ἐξερημῶσαι ἔθνη ἐν ὀχυροῖς καὶ ἐνοικοῦντας ἐν πόλεσιν ὀχυραῖς
Did you not hear long ago what I did? From ancient days I ordained it, and now I have brought it to pass, to make nations desolate in strongholds and those dwelling in fortified cities.
The Lord interrupts the boast with a declaration of prior sovereignty. What Assyria treats as self-made achievement had long been planned and permitted by God.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῦταoὗtosRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'oὗtos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἤκουσαςhearVAI AAI2S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάλαιlong agoD · πάλαιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπάλαι: meaning 'long ago'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἃhosRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'hos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐγὼegoRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐποίησαdo / makeVAI AAI1S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξout ofP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀρχαίωνancientA1A GPM · ἀρχαῖοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀρχαῖος: meaning 'ancient'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡμερῶνdayN1A GPF · ἡμέραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
συνέταξαtasso + synVAI AAI1S · τάσσω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτάσσω + συν: meaning 'tasso + syn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέδειξαdeiknyo + epiVAI AAI1S · δεικνύω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδεικνύω + ἐπι: meaning 'deiknyo + epi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξερημῶσαιeremoo + ekVA AAN · ἐρημόω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἐρημόω + ἐκ: meaning 'eremoo + ek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔθνηnationN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀχυροῖςstrongA1A DPM · ὀχυρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀχυρός: meaning 'strong'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνοικοῦνταςpapapm oikeo + enV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + ἐν: meaning 'papapm oikeo + en'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πόλεσινcityN3I DPF · πόλιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὀχυραῖςfortifiedA1A DPF · ὀχυρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀχυρός: meaning 'fortified'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
27
ἀνῆκα τὰς χεῖρας καὶ ἐξηράνθησαν καὶ ἐγένοντο ὡς χόρτος ξηρὸς ἐπὶ δωμάτων καὶ ὡς ἄγρωστις
I let down their hands, and they were dried up and became like dry grass on rooftops and like field-grass.
Human weakness under imperial advance is traced back to the Lord's ordering of history. The grass imagery emphasizes fragility and short-lived power.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἀνῆκαhiemi + anaVAI AAI1S · ἵημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵημι + ἀνα: meaning 'hiemi + ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξηράνθησανdry upVCI API3P · ξηραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristξηραίνω: meaning 'dry up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένοντοcome to passVBI AMI3P · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'come to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χόρτοςgrassN3 GSM · χόρτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχόρτος: meaning 'grass'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ξηρὸςdryA1A NSM · ξηρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceξηρός: meaning 'dry'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δωμάτωνroofN3M GPN · δῶμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδῶμα: meaning 'roof'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄγρωστιςgrassN3I NSF · ἄγρωστιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄγρωστις: meaning 'grass'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
28
νῦν δὲ τὴν ἀνάπαυσίν σου καὶ τὴν ἔξοδόν σου καὶ τὴν εἴσοδόν σου ἐγὼ ἐπίσταμαι
But I know your rest and your going out and your coming in.
God knows every movement of the Assyrian king. The all-encompassing knowledge of rest, exit, and entrance strips away any illusion of independent power.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνάπαυσίνrestN3I ASF · ἀνάπαυσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνάπαυσις: meaning 'rest'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔξοδόνgoing outN2 ASF · ἔξοδοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔξοδος: meaning 'going out'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἴσοδόνcoming inN2 ASF · εἴσοδοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεἴσοδος: meaning 'coming in'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐγὼegoRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπίσταμαιI knowV6 PMI1S · ἐπίσταμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐπίσταμαι: meaning 'I know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
29
ὁ δὲ θυμός σου ὃν ἐθυμώθης καὶ ἡ πικρία σου ἀνέβη πρός με καὶ ἐμβαλῶ φιμὸν εἰς τὴν ῥῖνά σου καὶ χαλινὸν εἰς τὰ χείλη σου καὶ ἀποστρέψω σε τῇ ὁδῷ ᾗ ἦλθες ἐν αὐτῇ
Because your rage and your bitterness rose up before me, I will put a muzzle in your nose and a bridle in your lips, and I will turn you back by the way by which you came.
Judgment answers arrogance with restraint imagery fit for a beast. The invader who led others will himself be led back under divine control.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυμόςrageN2 NSM · θυμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμός: meaning 'rage'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὃνhosRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'hos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐθυμώθηςthymooVCI API2S · θυμόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθυμόω: meaning 'thymoo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πικρίαtermN1A NSF · πικρίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπικρία: meaning 'term'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνέβηgo upVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'go up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μεweRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'we'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμβαλῶlayVF2 FAI1S · βάλλω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβάλλω + ἐν: meaning 'lay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φιμὸνmuzzleN2 ASM · φιμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφιμός: meaning 'muzzle'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῖνάnoseN3 ASF · ῥίςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥίς: meaning 'nose'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χαλινὸνbridleN2 ASM · χαλινόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχαλινός: meaning 'bridle'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χείληlipsN3E APN · χεῖλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστρέψωreturnedVF FAI1S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'returned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδῷwayN2 DSF · ὁδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ᾗhosRR DSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾗ: meaning 'hos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἦλθεςyou cameVBI AAI2S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'you came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇhe, she, itRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
30
τοῦτο δέ σοι τὸ σημεῖον φάγε τοῦτον τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἃ ἔσπαρκας τῷ δὲ ἐνιαυτῷ τῷ δευτέρῳ τὸ κατάλειμμα τῷ δὲ τρίτῳ σπείραντες ἀμήσατε καὶ φυτεύσατε ἀμπελῶνας καὶ φάγεσθε τὸν καρπὸν αὐτῶν
And this shall be the sign for you: Eat this year what grows from what has been sown, and in the second year what remains; but in the third year sow and reap and plant vineyards and eat their fruit.
The sign turns from Assyria to Judah's future life in the land. Agricultural recovery becomes tangible evidence that the city will endure beyond the siege.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δέbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σημεῖονsignN2N ASN · σημεῖονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσημεῖον: meaning 'sign'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φάγεeatVB AAD2S · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἐσθίω: meaning 'eat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦτονoὗtosRD ASM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτον: meaning 'oὗtos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνιαυτὸνyearN2 ASM · ἐνιαυτόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐνιαυτός: meaning 'year'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἃhosRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'hos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔσπαρκαςsowVX XAI2S · σπείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateσπείρω: meaning 'sow'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνιαυτῷyearN2 DSM · ἐνιαυτόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐνιαυτός: meaning 'year'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δευτέρῳdeyterosA1A DSM · δεύτεροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδεύτερος: meaning 'deyteros'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατάλειμμαremnantN3M ASN · καταλείμμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαταλείμμα: meaning 'remnant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρίτῳtritosA1 DSM · τρίτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτρίτος: meaning 'tritos'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σπείραντεςaapnpm speiroVA · ααπνπμ σπείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ σπείρω: meaning 'aapnpm speiro'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀμήσατεreapVA AAD2P · ἀμάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀμάω: meaning 'reap'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φυτεύσατεplantVA AAD2P · φυτεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφυτεύω: meaning 'plant'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀμπελῶναςvineyardN3W APM · ἀμπελώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀμπελών: meaning 'vineyard'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φάγεσθεyou will eatVF FMI2P · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐσθίω: meaning 'you will eat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρπὸνfruitN2 ASM · καρπόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρπός: meaning 'fruit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνhe, she, itRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
31
καὶ ἔσονται οἱ καταλελειμμένοι ἐν τῇ Ιουδαίᾳ φυήσουσιν ῥίζαν κάτω καὶ ποιήσουσιν σπέρμα ἄνω
And those left in Judea shall again put forth root downward and make seed upward.
The remnant image moves from root to seed, from survival to renewed vitality. Deliverance is not merely escape but restored continuity.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσονταιbeVF FMI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταλελειμμένοιchmpnpm leipo + kataVP · χμπνπμ λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνπμ λείπω + κατα: meaning 'chmpnpm leipo + kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίᾳJudeaN1A DSF · Ἰουδαίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ participant identificationΙουδαίᾳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
φυήσουσινphyoVF FAI3P · φύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφύω: meaning 'phyo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ῥίζανrootN1S ASF · ῥίζαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥίζα: meaning 'root'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κάτωbelowD · κάτωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκάτω: meaning 'below'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσουσινdo / makeVF FAI3P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σπέρμαseedN3M ASN · σπέρμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσπέρμα: meaning 'seed'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄνωupperD · ἄνωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἄνω: meaning 'upper'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
32
ὅτι ἐξ Ιερουσαλημ ἐξελεύσονται οἱ καταλελειμμένοι καὶ οἱ σῳζόμενοι ἐξ ὄρους Σιων ὁ ζῆλος κυρίου σαβαωθ ποιήσει ταῦτα
For from Jerusalem the remnant shall go forth, and those being saved from Mount Zion; the zeal of the Lord of hosts will do these things.
The source of renewal is Jerusalem and Zion because the Lord's zeal accomplishes what human strength could not. The remnant theme gathers the chapter into covenant hope.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξout ofP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐξελεύσονταιthey shall come outVF FMI3P · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'they shall come out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταλελειμμένοιchmpnpm leipo + kataVP · χμπνπμ λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνπμ λείπω + κατα: meaning 'chmpnpm leipo + kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῳζόμενοιpmpnpm sozoV1 · πμπνπμ σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ σώζω: meaning 'pmpnpm sozo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξout ofP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὄρουςmountainN3E GSN · ὄροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΣιωνZionN GSF · Σιωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣιων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζῆλοςjealousyN2 NSM · ζῆλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceζῆλος: meaning 'jealousy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σαβαωθsabaothN G · σαβαωθadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσαβαωθ: meaning 'sabaoth'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειdo / makeVF FAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταῦταoὗtosRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'oὗtos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
33
διὰ τοῦτο οὕτως λέγει κύριος ἐπὶ βασιλέα Ἀσσυρίων οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθῃ εἰς τὴν πόλιν ταύτην οὐδὲ μὴ βάλῃ ἐπ' αὐτὴν βέλος οὐδὲ μὴ ἐπιβάλῃ ἐπ' αὐτὴν θυρεὸν οὐδὲ μὴ κυκλώσῃ ἐπ' αὐτὴν χάρακα
Therefore thus says the Lord concerning the king of the Assyrians: He shall certainly not enter this city, nor shoot an arrow against it, nor bring a shield against it, nor cast up a siege-ramp against it.
The oracle now states the military outcome in a sequence of emphatic negations. Assyria will not even begin the acts that constitute a successful siege.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέγειlegoV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'lego'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἈσσυρίωνAssyriansN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσέλθῃerchomai + eisVB AAS3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'erchomai + eis'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ταύτηνthisRD ASF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταύτην: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βάλῃballoVB AAS3S · βάλλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyβάλλω: meaning 'ballo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὴνhe, she, itRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βέλοςarrowN3E ASN · βέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβέλος: meaning 'arrow'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιβάλῃballo + epiVB AAS3S · βάλλω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyβάλλω + ἐπι: meaning 'ballo + epi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὴνhe, she, itRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
θυρεὸνshieldN2 ASM · θυρεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθυρεός: meaning 'shield'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κυκλώσῃsurroundVA AAS3S · κυκλόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκυκλόω: meaning 'surround'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὴνhe, she, itRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
χάρακαsiege rampN3K ASM · χάραξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάραξ: meaning 'siege ramp'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
34
ἀλλὰ τῇ ὁδῷ ᾗ ἦλθεν ἐν αὐτῇ ἀποστραφήσεται τάδε λέγει κύριος
But by the way by which he came, by that same way he shall return, says the Lord.
The promised return exactly mirrors the earlier threat and earlier reassurance. The aggressor's route becomes the measure of his humiliation.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδῷwayN2 DSF · ὁδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ᾗhosRR DSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾗ: meaning 'hos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἦλθενcomeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇhe, she, itRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀποστραφήσεταιturnVD FPI3S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'turn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειlegoV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'lego'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
35
ὑπερασπιῶ ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως ταύτης τοῦ σῶσαι αὐτὴν δι' ἐμὲ καὶ διὰ Δαυιδ τὸν παῖδά μου
I will defend this city so as to save it, for my own sake and for the sake of David my servant.
The city's safety rests on God's own name and Davidic commitment. Jerusalem is spared not by merit or diplomacy but by divine fidelity.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ὑπερασπιῶaspizo + hyperVF FAI1S · ἀσπίζω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀσπίζω + ὑπερ: meaning 'aspizo + hyper'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὲρoverP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ταύτηςoὗtosRD GSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationταύτης: meaning 'oὗtos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῶσαιsozoVA AAN · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementσώζω: meaning 'sozo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνhe, she, itRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμὲegoRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐμὲ: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN ASM · Δαυίδnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παῖδάservantN3D ASM · παῖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουweRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'we'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
36
καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἄγγελος κυρίου καὶ ἀνεῖλεν ἐκ τῆς παρεμβολῆς τῶν Ἀσσυρίων ἑκατὸν ὀγδοήκοντα πέντε χιλιάδας καὶ ἐξαναστάντες τὸ πρωὶ εὗρον πάντα τὰ σώματα νεκρά
And the angel of the Lord went out and struck down a hundred eighty-five thousand from the camp of the Assyrians, and when they rose in the morning they found all the bodies dead.
The fulfillment arrives suddenly and without Judean combat. The nighttime strike and the morning discovery underline that this salvation is wholly the Lord's work.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθενcome outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'come out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄγγελοςangelN2 NSM · ἄγγελοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄγγελος: meaning 'angel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνεῖλενahireo + anaVBI AAI3S · αἱρέω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἱρέω + ἀνα: meaning 'ahireo + ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκekP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'ek'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολῆςcampN1 GSF · παρεμβολήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαρεμβολή: meaning 'camp'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἈσσυρίωνAssyriansN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἑκατὸνhekatonM · ἑκατόνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἑκατὸν: meaning 'hekaton'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀγδοήκονταogdoekontaM · ὀγδοηκονταadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὀγδοήκοντα: meaning 'ogdoekonta'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέντεpenteM · πέντεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπέντε: meaning 'pente'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χιλιάδαςchiliasN3D APF · χιλιάςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχιλιάς: meaning 'chilias'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαναστάντεςaapnpm histemi + ek + anaVH · ααπνπμ ἵστημι + ἐκ + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ ἵστημι + ἐκ + ἀνα: meaning 'aapnpm histemi + ek + ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρωὶearlyD · πρωίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπρωὶ: meaning 'early'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὗρονfindVB AAI3P · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταpᾶsA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'pᾶs'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σώματαbodyN3M APN · σῶμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσῶμα: meaning 'body'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
νεκράdeadA1A APN · νεκρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνεκρός: meaning 'dead'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
37
καὶ ἀποστραφεὶς ἀπῆλθεν βασιλεὺς Ἀσσυρίων καὶ ᾤκησεν ἐν Νινευη
And the king of the Assyrians turned back and went away and dwelt in Nineveh.
Sennacherib's retreat fulfills the earlier oracle in quiet prose. The conqueror simply disappears back into his own capital under the weight of divine reversal.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστραφεὶςstrepho apoVD · αππνσμ στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνσμ στρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'strepho apo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπῆλθενerchomai + apoVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἀπο: meaning 'erchomai + apo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἈσσυρίωνAssyriansN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾤκησενdwellVAI AAI3S · οἰκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristοἰκέω: meaning 'dwell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΝινευηNinevehN DSF · Νινευηnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝινευη: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
38
καὶ ἐν τῷ αὐτὸν προσκυνεῖν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ Νασαραχ τὸν παταχρον αὐτοῦ Αδραμελεχ καὶ Σαρασαρ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ ἐπάταξαν αὐτὸν μαχαίραις αὐτοὶ δὲ διεσώθησαν εἰς Ἀρμενίαν καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Ασορδαν ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ' αὐτοῦ
And while he was worshipping in the house of Nasarach his god, Adrammelech and Sharezer his sons struck him with swords, but they themselves escaped into Armenia; and Esarhaddon his son reigned in his place.
The chapter closes with Sennacherib dying before his own god. The blasphemer of the living God falls helpless in an idol-house, sealing the theological verdict of the narrative.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτὸνhe, she, itRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
προσκυνεῖνkyneo + prosV2 PAN · κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκυνέω + προς: meaning 'kyneo + pros'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳoἶkosN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'oἶkos'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΝασαραχNasarachN ASM · Νασαραχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝασαραχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παταχρονpatachronN2N ASN PATAXRONnominal element functioning within the clause→ clausal contributionπαταχρον: meaning 'patachron'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
αὐτοῦhe, she, itRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ΑδραμελεχAdrammelechN NSM · Αδραμελεχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑδραμελεχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαρασαρSharezerN NSM · Σαρασαρnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣαρασαρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhe, she, itRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπάταξανpatassoVAI AAI3P · πατάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπατάσσω: meaning 'patasso'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhe, she, itRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μαχαίραιςswordN1 DPF · μάχαιραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοὶautosRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'autos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διεσώθησανsozo + diaVCI API3P · σώζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσώζω + δια: meaning 'sozo + dia'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἈρμενίανArmenianN1A ASF · Ἀρμενίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationἈρμενίαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβασίλευσενbasileyoVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβασιλεύω: meaning 'basileyo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΑσορδανEsarhaddonN NSM · Ασορδανnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑσορδαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhe, she, itRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀντ'antiP · ἀντίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀντ': meaning 'anti'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhe, she, itRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.