1
ἔπεσε Βηλ συνετρίβη Δαγων ἐγένετο τὰ γλυπτὰ αὐτῶν εἰς θηρία καὶ κτήνη αἴρετε αὐτὰ καταδεδεμένα ὡς φορτίον κοπιῶντι
Bel has fallen, Dagon has been shattered; their carved images have become for beasts and cattle. Lift them up, bound fast like a burden for one who is weary.
The chapter opens with a taunt over Babylonian gods reduced to strapped cargo, already exposing their helplessness.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἔπεσεpiptoVAI AAI3S · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίπτω: meaning 'pipto'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΒηλBelN NSM · Βηλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΒηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
συνετρίβηwas crushedVDI API3S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτρίβω + συν: meaning 'was crushed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
Δαγωνof DagonN NSM · Δαγωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΔαγων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλυπτὰglyptosA1 APN · γλυπτόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγλυπτός: meaning 'glyptos'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θηρίαelephantsN2N APN · θηρίονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθηρίον: meaning 'elephants'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κτήνηcattleN3E APN · κτῆνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκτῆνος: meaning 'cattle'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αἴρετεbearingV1 PAI2P · αἴρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processαἴρω: meaning 'bearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καταδεδεμέναbound fastVM · χμπαπν δέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπαπν δέω + κατα: meaning 'bound fast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φορτίονburden / loadN2N ASN · φορτίονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφορτίον: meaning 'burden'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κοπιῶντιfor one who is wearyV3 · παπδσν κοπιάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδσν κοπιάω: meaning 'for one who is weary'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
2
καὶ πεινῶντι καὶ ἐκλελυμένῳ οὐκ ἰσχύοντι ἅμα οἳ οὐ δυνήσονται σωθῆναι ἀπὸ πολέμου αὐτοὶ δὲ αἰχμάλωτοι ἤχθησαν
And for one who is hungry and exhausted, unable for anything, together with those who could not save themselves from war, they themselves were led away captive.
The image of collapse extends into captivity: the idols and their devotees alike prove unable to rescue themselves from defeat.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεινῶντιto the hungryV3 · παπδσμ πεινάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδσμ πεινάω: meaning 'to the hungry'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκλελυμένῳexhausted / enfeebledVM · χμπδσμ λύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπδσμ λύω + ἐκ: meaning 'exhausted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰσχύοντιbeing strongV1 · παπδσμ ἰσχύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδσμ ἰσχύω: meaning 'being strong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἅμαtogetherD · ἅμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'together'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἳwho / whichRR NPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοἳ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δυνήσονταιshall be ableVF FMI3P · δύναμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδύναμαι: meaning 'shall be able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σωθῆναιsaveVC APN · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πολέμουwarN2 GSM · πόλεμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοὶhe / she / itRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰχμάλωτοιcaptivesA1B NPM · αἰχμάλωτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἰχμάλωτος: meaning 'captives'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἤχθησανbringVQI API3P · ἄγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
3
ἀκούσατέ μου οἶκος τοῦ Ιακωβ καὶ πᾶν τὸ κατάλοιπον τοῦ Ισραηλ οἱ αἰρόμενοι ἐκ κοιλίας καὶ παιδευόμενοι ἐκ παιδίου
Hear me, house of Jacob, and all the remnant of Israel, you who are carried from the womb and instructed from childhood.
The prophet turns from Babylon’s gods to Israel, describing the remnant as the people whom God has borne and formed from the beginning of life.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἀκούσατέheardVA AAD2P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω: meaning 'heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙακωβJacobN GSM · Ἰακώβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνallA3 NSN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατάλοιπονremainder / restA1B NSN · κατάλοιποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκατάλοιπος: meaning 'remainder'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰρόμενοιbeing carriedV1 · πππνπμ αἴρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπππνπμ αἴρω: meaning 'being carried'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κοιλίαςbelly / wombN1A GSF · κοιλίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκοιλία: meaning 'belly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παιδευόμενοιbeing trained / nurturedV1 · πππνπμ παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπππνπμ παιδεύω: meaning 'being trained'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παιδίουof the childN2N GSN · παιδίονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαιδίον: meaning 'of the child'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
4
ἕως γήρους ἐγώ εἰμι καὶ ἕως ἂν καταγηράσητε ἐγώ εἰμι ἐγὼ ἀνέχομαι ὑμῶν ἐγὼ ἐποίησα καὶ ἐγὼ ἀνήσω ἐγὼ ἀναλήμψομαι καὶ σώσω ὑμᾶς
Until old age I am, and until you grow old I am. I endure you; I made you, and I will release you; I will take you up and save you.
The Lord contrasts himself with dead idols by promising lifelong, even age-long, sustaining care for his people.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γήρουςGereiN3 GSN · γῆραςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆρας: meaning 'Gerei'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταγηράσητεgrow oldVA AAS2P · γηράω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγηράω + κατα: meaning 'grow old'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνέχομαι+ anaV1 PMI1S · ἔχω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔχω + ἀνα: meaning '+ ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐποίησαdo / makeVAI AAI1S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνήσωlet goVF FAI1S · ἵημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵημι + ἀνα: meaning 'let go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀναλήμψομαιtake upVF FMI1S · λαμβάνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαμβάνω + ἀνα: meaning 'take up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σώσωsaveVF FAI1S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5
τίνι με ὡμοιώσατε ἴδετε τεχνάσασθε οἱ πλανώμενοι
To whom did you compare me? See, contrive it, you who are led astray.
The rhetorical question exposes the folly of trying to match the living God with any fabricated rival.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
τίνιwho?RI DSN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestτίνι: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡμοιώσατεdid you likenVAI AAI2P · ὁμοιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁμοιόω: meaning 'did you liken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἴδετεseeVB AAD2P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τεχνάσασθεdevise / contriveVA AMD2P · τεχνάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτεχνάζω: meaning 'devise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλανώμενοιplanaoV3 · πμπνπμ πλανάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ πλανάω: meaning 'planao'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
6
οἱ συμβαλλόμενοι χρυσίον ἐκ μαρσιππίου καὶ ἀργύριον ἐν ζυγῷ στήσουσιν ἐν σταθμῷ καὶ μισθωσάμενοι χρυσοχόον ἐποίησαν χειροποίητα καὶ κύψαντες προσκυνοῦσιν αὐτοῖς
Those who pour out gold from a purse and weigh silver in the balance, and hiring a goldsmith, have made handmade things, and bending down they worship them.
The satire dwells on the labor, cost, and absurdity of manufacturing an object and then bowing before it.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συμβαλλόμενοιcontributing / poolingV1 · πμπνπμ βάλλω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ βάλλω + συν: meaning 'contributing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χρυσίονgoldN2N ASN · χρυσίονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μαρσιππίουpurseN2N GSN · μαρσίππιονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμαρσίππιον: meaning 'purse'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ζυγῷyokeN2 DSM · ζυγόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceζυγός: meaning 'yoke'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
στήσουσινstoodVF FAI3P · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι: meaning 'stood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σταθμῷfull weightN2 DSM · σταθμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσταθμός: meaning 'full weight'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μισθωσάμενοιhaving hiredVA · αμπνπμ μισθόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπνπμ μισθόω: meaning 'having hired'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χρυσοχόονgoldsmithN2 ASM · χρυσοχόοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρυσοχόος: meaning 'goldsmith'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χειροποίηταhandmade idolsA1B APN · χειροποίητοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχειροποίητος: meaning 'handmade idols'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύψαντεςbowingVA · ααπνπμ κύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ κύπτω: meaning 'bowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
προσκυνοῦσινprosV2 PAI3P · κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκυνέω + προς: meaning 'pros'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςhisRD DPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
αἴρουσιν αὐτὸ ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων καὶ πορεύονται ἐὰν δὲ θῶσιν αὐτό ἐπὶ τοῦ τόπου αὐτοῦ μένει οὐ μὴ κινηθῇ καὶ ὃς ἂν βοήσῃ πρὸς αὐτόν οὐ μὴ εἰσακούσῃ ἀπὸ κακῶν οὐ μὴ σώσῃ αὐτόν
They lift it on their shoulders and go. If they set it in its place, it stays there and will certainly not be moved; and whoever cries to it, it will certainly not listen, and from troubles it will certainly not save him.
The idol is shown as immobile, deaf, and powerless, unable either to move or to rescue its worshiper.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
αἴρουσινbearingV1 PAI3P · αἴρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processαἴρω: meaning 'bearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὤμωνshouldersN2 GPM · ὦμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὦμος: meaning 'shoulders'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορεύονταιwentV1 PMI3P · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι: meaning 'went'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θῶσινmakeVE AAS3P · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτίθημι: meaning 'make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτό: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπουplaceN2 GSM · τόποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦsame / her / himRD GSN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'same'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μένειremainV1 PAI3S · μένωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμένω: meaning 'remain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κινηθῇthat movesVC APS3S · κινέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκινέω: meaning 'that moves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βοήσῃcried outVA AAS3S · βοάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyβοάω: meaning 'cried out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσακούσῃhearVA AAS3S · ἀκούω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κακῶνevilsA1 GPM · κακόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκακός: meaning 'evils'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σώσῃsaveVA AAS3S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
μνήσθητε ταῦτα καὶ στενάξατε μετανοήσατε οἱ πεπλανημένοι ἐπιστρέψατε τῇ καρδίᾳ
Remember these things and groan; repent, you who have gone astray; return in heart.
Memory of the idol’s impotence is meant to produce grief, repentance, and inward return.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μνήσθητεrememberVC APD2P · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμιμνήσκω: meaning 'remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στενάξατεgroanedVA AAD2P · στενάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστενάζω: meaning 'groaned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετανοήσατεI relentedVA AAD2P · νοέω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateνοέω + μετα: meaning 'I relented'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεπλανημένοιgone astrayVX · χμπνπμ πλανάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνπμ πλανάω: meaning 'gone astray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπιστρέψατεturned backVA AAD2P · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turned back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
9
καὶ μνήσθητε τὰ πρότερα ἀπὸ τοῦ αἰῶνος ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ θεός καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι πλὴν ἐμοῦ
And remember the former things from the age, because I am God, and there is no more besides me.
The Lord grounds repentance in historical memory and again states his exclusive deity.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μνήσθητεrememberVA APD2P · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμιμνήσκω: meaning 'remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρότεραformerlyA1A APN · πρότεροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρότερος: meaning 'formerly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶνοςage / foreverN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλὴνexceptP · πλήνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπλὴν: meaning 'except'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
10
ἀναγγέλλων πρότερον τὰ ἔσχατα πρὶν αὐτὰ γενέσθαι καὶ ἅμα συνετελέσθη καὶ εἶπα πᾶσά μου ἡ βουλὴ στήσεται καὶ πάντα ὅσα βεβούλευμαι ποιήσω
Declaring beforehand the last things before they happen, and at once they were accomplished; and I said, ‘All my counsel shall stand, and everything I have planned I will do.’
The Lord distinguishes himself from idols by foretelling the future and carrying out his unshaken purpose.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἀναγγέλλωνπαπνσμ αγγελλωV1 · παπνσμ ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'παπνσμ αγγελλω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρότερονformerD · πρότερονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπρότερον: meaning 'former'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔσχαταfarthestA1 APN · ἔσχατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔσχατος: meaning 'farthest'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πρὶνbeforeD · πρίνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπρὶν: meaning 'before'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γενέσθαιbecome / happenVB AMN · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἅμαtogetherD · ἅμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'together'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνετελέσθηcompleteVSI API3S · τελέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτελέω + συν: meaning 'complete'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπαI saidVAI AAI1S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'I said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶσάeveryoneA3 NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουλὴcounselN1 NSF · βουλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
στήσεταιstoodVF FMI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι: meaning 'stood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅσαas much asA1 APN · ὅσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅσος: meaning 'as much as'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
βεβούλευμαιI have purposedVM XMI1S · βουλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβουλεύω: meaning 'I have purposed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ποιήσωdo / makeVF FAI1S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
11
καλῶν ἀπ' ἀνατολῶν πετεινὸν καὶ ἀπὸ γῆς πόρρωθεν περὶ ὧν βεβούλευμαι ἐλάλησα καὶ ἤγαγον ἔκτισα καὶ ἐποίησα ἤγαγον αὐτὸν καὶ εὐόδωσα τὴν ὁδὸν αὐτοῦ
Calling from the east a bird, and from a far land the things I have planned: I have spoken, and I have brought it; I have created it and done it; I brought him and prospered his way.
The abstract claim about counsel becomes concrete in the calling of the eastern agent whom God both summons and guides to success.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καλῶνπαπνσμ καλεωV2 · παπνσμ καλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ καλέω: meaning 'παπνσμ καλεω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνατολῶνeastN1 GPF · ἀνατολήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνατολή: meaning 'east'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πετεινὸνbirdN2N ASN · πετεινόνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπετεινόν: meaning 'bird'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πόρρωθενfrom afarD · πόρρωθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπόρρωθεν: meaning 'from afar'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βεβούλευμαιI have purposedVM XMI1S · βουλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβουλεύω: meaning 'I have purposed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐλάλησαspeakVAI AAI1S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤγαγονled / broughtVBI AAI1S · ἄγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω: meaning 'led'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔκτισαcreatedVAI AAI1S · κτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκτίζω: meaning 'created'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησαdo / makeVAI AAI1S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἤγαγονled / broughtVBI AAI1S · ἄγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω: meaning 'led'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐόδωσαprosperVA AAI1S · εὐοδόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὐοδόω: meaning 'prosper'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδὸνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
ἀκούσατέ μου οἱ ἀπολωλεκότες τὴν καρδίαν οἱ μακρὰν ἀπὸ τῆς δικαιοσύνης
Hear me, you who have lost heart, you who are far from righteousness.
The address narrows to the stubborn or discouraged who experience themselves as distant from the Lord’s righteous order.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀκούσατέheardVA AAD2P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω: meaning 'heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπολωλεκότεςhaving lost / ruinedVX · χαπνπν ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνπν ὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'having lost'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μακρὰνμακράνD · μακράνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμακρὰν: meaning 'μακράν'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαιοσύνηςof righteousnessN1 GSF · δικαιοσύνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'of righteousness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
13
ἤγγισα τὴν δικαιοσύνην μου καὶ τὴν σωτηρίαν τὴν παρ' ἐμοῦ οὐ βραδυνῶ δέδωκα ἐν Σιων σωτηρίαν τῷ Ισραηλ εἰς δόξασμα
I have brought near my righteousness and the salvation that is from me; I will not delay. I have given salvation in Zion to Israel for glory.
The conclusion answers distance with nearness: the Lord’s righteousness and salvation are already approaching Zion and will become Israel’s glory.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἤγγισαdrew nearVAI AAI1S · ἐγγίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐγγίζω: meaning 'drew near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτηρίανsalvationN1A ASF · σωτηρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσωτηρία: meaning 'salvation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρ'withP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βραδυνῶdelayedVF2 FAI1S · βραδύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβραδύνω: meaning 'delayed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δέδωκαgiveVX XAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΣιωνZionN DSF · Σιωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣιων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
σωτηρίανsalvationN1A ASF · σωτηρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσωτηρία: meaning 'salvation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δόξασμαglory / adornmentN3M ASN · δόξασμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόξασμα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.