1
ἀκούσατέ μου νῆσοι καὶ προσέχετε ἔθνη διὰ χρόνου πολλοῦ στήσεται λέγει κύριος ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός μου ἐκάλεσεν τὸ ὄνομά μου
Hear me, O islands, and pay attention, O nations, after a long time: the Lord will stand forth; from my mother's womb he called my name.
The servant opens by addressing distant peoples, grounding his mission in a calling that reaches back to the womb and therefore precedes any visible success.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἀκούσατέhearVA AAD2P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmy / meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
νῆσοιislandsN2 NPF · νήσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνήσος: meaning 'islands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσέχετεἔχω + προςV1 PAD2P · ἔχω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔχω + προς: meaning 'ἔχω + προς'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔθνηnationsN3E NPN · ἔθνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χρόνουtimeN2 GSM · χρόνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχρόνος: meaning 'time'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πολλοῦmuch / manyA1 GSM · πολύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
στήσεταιstand / appointVF FMI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι: meaning 'stand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κοιλίαςbelly / wombN1A GSF · κοιλίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκοιλία: meaning 'belly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μητρόςof the motherN3 GSF · μήτηρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμήτηρ: meaning 'of the mother'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmy / meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκάλεσενcallVAI AAI3S · καλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλέω: meaning 'call'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmy / meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
2
καὶ ἔθηκεν τὸ στόμα μου ὡσεὶ μάχαιραν ὀξεῖαν καὶ ὑπὸ τὴν σκέπην τῆς χειρὸς αὐτοῦ ἔκρυψέν με ἔθηκέν με ὡς βέλος ἐκλεκτὸν καὶ ἐν τῇ φαρέτρᾳ αὐτοῦ ἐσκέπασέν με
He made my mouth like a sharp sword, and under the shelter of his hand he hid me; he made me like a chosen arrow, and in his quiver he covered me.
Weapon and arrow imagery present the servant not as a military conqueror but as a hidden, sharpened instrument prepared in the Lord’s hand.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθηκενset / placeVAI AAI3S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmy / meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡσεὶaboutX · ὡσείadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡσεὶ: meaning 'about'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μάχαιρανswordN1A ASF · μάχαιραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὀξεῖανsharpA3U ASF · ὀξύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀξύς: meaning 'sharp'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπὸunderP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκέπηνcoverN1 ASF · σκέπηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκέπης: meaning 'cover'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔκρυψένhideVAI AAI3S · κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκρύπτω: meaning 'hide'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεI / meRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔθηκένset / placeVAI AAI3S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεI / meRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςὡςD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'ὡς'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βέλοςarrowN3E ASN · βέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβέλος: meaning 'arrow'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκλεκτὸνchosenA1 ASN · ἐκλεκτόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐκλεκτός: meaning 'chosen'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φαρέτρᾳquiverN1A DSF · φαρέτραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφαρέτρα: meaning 'quiver'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐσκέπασένcoverVAI AAI3S · σκεπάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσκεπάζω: meaning 'cover'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεI / meRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
καὶ εἶπέν μοι δοῦλός μου εἶ σύ Ισραηλ καὶ ἐν σοὶ δοξασθήσομαι
And he said to me, 'You are my servant, O Israel, and in you I shall be glorified.'
The servant is identified with Israel in representative fashion: he embodies the people’s calling so that divine glory may be displayed through him.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπένspeak / sayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δοῦλόςservantN2 NSM · δοῦλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmy / meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σύσύRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσύ: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοὶσύRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δοξασθήσομαιI will be glorifiedVS FPI1S · δοξάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδοξάζω: meaning 'I will be glorified'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
καὶ ἐγὼ εἶπα κενῶς ἐκοπίασα καὶ εἰς μάταιον καὶ εἰς οὐδὲν ἔδωκα τὴν ἰσχύν μου διὰ τοῦτο ἡ κρίσις μου παρὰ κυρίῳ καὶ ὁ πόνος μου ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ μου
But I said, 'I have labored in vain; for emptiness and for nothing I have spent my strength.' Therefore my judgment is with the Lord, and my toil is before my God.
The servant voices frustration, yet the lament immediately yields to confidence that the Lord still holds his vindication and reward.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼI / meRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶπαspeak / sayVAI AAI1S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κενῶςin vainD · κενῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκενῶς: meaning 'in vain'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκοπίασαlaborVAI AAI1S · κοπιάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκοπιάω: meaning 'labor'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςinto / forP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μάταιονvanityA1A ASN · μάταιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμάταιος: meaning 'vanity'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςinto / forP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οὐδὲνnothingA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐδείς: meaning 'nothing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔδωκαgiveVAI AAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχύνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmy / meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοοὗτοςRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'οὗτος'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡὁRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσιςjudgment / caseN3I NSF · κρίσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmy / meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παρὰwith / fromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁὁRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόνοςpainN2 NSM · πόνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπόνος: meaning 'pain'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmy / meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐναντίονἐναντίονP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: meaning 'ἐναντίον'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmy / meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5
καὶ νῦν οὕτως λέγει κύριος ὁ πλάσας με ἐκ κοιλίας δοῦλον ἑαυτῷ τοῦ συναγαγεῖν τὸν Ιακωβ καὶ Ισραηλ πρὸς αὐτόν συναχθήσομαι καὶ δοξασθήσομαι ἐναντίον κυρίου καὶ ὁ θεός μου ἔσται μου ἰσχύς
And now thus says the Lord, who formed me from the womb as his servant, to gather Jacob and Israel to him: I shall be gathered, and I shall be glorified before the Lord, and my God will be my strength.
The chapter re-centers the servant’s purpose in divine formation and regathering, while also affirming that his honor depends on the Lord’s evaluation.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὕτωςοὕτωςD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'οὕτως'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁὁRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλάσαςwho formedVA · ααπνσμ πλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ πλάσσω: meaning 'who formed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεI / meRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κοιλίαςbelly / wombN1A GSF · κοιλίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκοιλία: meaning 'belly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δοῦλονδοῦλοςN2 ASM · δοῦλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδοῦλος: meaning 'δοῦλος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἑαυτῷhimselfRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτῷ: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναγαγεῖνἄγω + συνVB AAN · ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἄγω + συν: meaning 'ἄγω + συν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνὁRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙακωβJacobN ASM · Ἰακώβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτόναὐτόςRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'αὐτός'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συναχθήσομαιἄγω + συνVQ FPI1S · ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἄγω + συν: meaning 'ἄγω + συν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δοξασθήσομαιI will be glorifiedVS FPI1S · δοξάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδοξάζω: meaning 'I will be glorified'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐναντίονἐναντίονP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: meaning 'ἐναντίον'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁὁRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmy / meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmy / meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἰσχύςstrengthN3 NSF · ἰσχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
6
καὶ εἶπέν μοι μέγα σοί ἐστιν τοῦ κληθῆναί σε παῖδά μου τοῦ στῆσαι τὰς φυλὰς Ιακωβ καὶ τὴν διασπορὰν τοῦ Ισραηλ ἐπιστρέψαι ἰδοὺ τέθεικά σε εἰς διαθήκην γένους εἰς φῶς ἐθνῶν τοῦ εἶναί σε εἰς σωτηρίαν ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς
And he said to me, 'It is a great thing for you to be called my servant, to establish the tribes of Jacob and to turn back the dispersion of Israel; behold, I have given you as a covenant of the race, as a light of nations, for you to be salvation to the end of the earth.'
Restoring Jacob alone is not the limit of the commission; the servant becomes covenant, light, and salvation for the nations and the whole earth.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπένspeak / sayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μέγαgreatA3 NSN · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοίσύRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοί: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληθῆναίcallVC APN · καλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκαλέω: meaning 'call'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεσύRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παῖδάservantN3D ASM · παῖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmy / meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στῆσαιstand / appointVA AAN · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἵστημι: meaning 'stand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςὁRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλὰςtribesN1 APF · φυλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφυλή: meaning 'tribes'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΙακωβJacobN GSM · Ἰακώβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διασπορὰνdispersionN1A ASF · διασποράaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιασπορά: meaning 'dispersion'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐπιστρέψαιστρέφω + ἐπιVA AAN · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'στρέφω + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τέθεικάset / placeVX XAI1S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτίθημι: meaning 'set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεσύRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςinto / forP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
διαθήκηνcovenantN1 ASF · διαθήκηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γένουςrace / peopleN3E GSN · γένοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγένος: meaning 'race'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςinto / forP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐθνῶνnationsN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἶναίbeV9 PAN · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεσύRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςinto / forP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σωτηρίανsalvationN1A ASF · σωτηρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσωτηρία: meaning 'salvation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἕωςἕωςP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'ἕως'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐσχάτουthe endA1 GSM · ἔσχατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔσχατος: meaning 'the end'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςearth / landN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
7
οὕτως λέγει κύριος ὁ ῥυσάμενός σε ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ ἁγιάσατε τὸν φαυλίζοντα τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ τὸν βδελυσσόμενον ὑπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν τῶν δούλων τῶν ἀρχόντων βασιλεῖς ὄψονται αὐτὸν καὶ ἀναστήσονται ἄρχοντες καὶ προσκυνήσουσιν αὐτῷ ἕνεκεν κυρίου ὅτι πιστός ἐστιν ὁ ἅγιος Ισραηλ καὶ ἐξελεξάμην σε
Thus says the Lord, the one who delivered you, the God of Israel: Sanctify the one who despises his own life, the one abhorred by the nations, the servant of rulers. Kings shall see him and rise, and rulers shall bow down to him, because of the Lord, for the Holy One of Israel is faithful, and I have chosen you.
The one presently despised is the very one whom kings will honor, because the Lord’s faithfulness overturns the judgments of nations and rulers.
Word-by-word analysis· 44 words
οὕτωςοὕτωςD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'οὕτως'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁὁRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥυσάμενόςdeliverVA · αμπνσμ ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπνσμ ῥύομαι: meaning 'deliver'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεσύRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁὁRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἁγιάσατεἁγιάζωVA AAD2P · ἁγιάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἁγιάζω: meaning 'ἁγιάζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνὁRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φαυλίζονταdespiseV1 · παπασμ φαυλίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασμ φαυλίζω: meaning 'despise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴνlife / soulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸνὁRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βδελυσσόμενονβδελύσσωV1 · πππασμ βδελύσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπππασμ βδελύσσω: meaning 'βδελύσσω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὸunderP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐθνῶνnationsN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλωνservantN2 GPM · δοῦλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδοῦλος: meaning 'servant'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρχόντωνrulerN3 GPM · ἄρχωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄρχων: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βασιλεῖςkingN3V NPM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὄψονταιseeVF FMI3P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸναὐτόςRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'αὐτός'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναστήσονταιwill rise upVF FMI3P · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'will rise up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄρχοντεςrulerN3 NPM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσκυνήσουσινshall worshipVF FAI3P · κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκυνέω + προς: meaning 'shall worship'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷαὐτόςRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'αὐτός'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἕνεκενἕνεκενP · ἕνεκενpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕνεκεν: meaning 'ἕνεκεν'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅτιbecause / thatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πιστόςfaithfulA1 NSM · πιστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπιστός: meaning 'faithful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁὁRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιοςholyA1A NSM · ἅγιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελεξάμηνλέγω + ἐκVAI AMI1S · λέγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλέγω + ἐκ: meaning 'λέγω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεσύRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
οὕτως λέγει κύριος καιρῷ δεκτῷ ἐπήκουσά σου καὶ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ σωτηρίας ἐβοήθησά σοι καὶ ἔδωκά σε εἰς διαθήκην ἐθνῶν τοῦ καταστῆσαι τὴν γῆν καὶ κληρονομῆσαι κληρονομίαν ἐρήμου
Thus says the Lord: In an acceptable time I listened to you, and in a day of salvation I helped you; and I gave you as a covenant of nations, to restore the land and to inherit a desolate inheritance.
The servant is set within the Lord’s saving timetable and made the means by which land, inheritance, and covenant order are restored.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
οὕτωςοὕτωςD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'οὕτως'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καιρῷseason / timeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: meaning 'season'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δεκτῷacceptableA1 DSM · δεκτόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδεκτός: meaning 'acceptable'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπήκουσάἀκούω + ἐπιV1I AAI1S · ἀκούω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἀκούω + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σουyou / yourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σωτηρίαςsalvationN1A GSF · σωτηρίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσωτηρία: meaning 'salvation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐβοήθησάhelpVAI AAI1S · βοηθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβοηθέω: meaning 'help'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκάgiveVAI AAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεσύRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςinto / forP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
διαθήκηνcovenantN1 ASF · διαθήκηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐθνῶνnationsN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταστῆσαιἵστημι + καταVA AAN · ἵστημι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἵστημι + κατα: meaning 'ἵστημι + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνearth / landN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κληρονομῆσαιinheritVA AAN · κληρονομέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκληρονομέω: meaning 'inherit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κληρονομίανinheritanceN1A ASF · κληρονομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκληρονομία: meaning 'inheritance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐρήμουdesolate / wildernessN2 GSF · ἔρημοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔρημος: meaning 'desolate'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
9
λέγοντα τοῖς ἐν δεσμοῖς ἐξέλθατε καὶ τοῖς ἐν τῷ σκότει ἀνακαλυφθῆναι καὶ ἐν πάσαις ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν βοσκηθήσονται καὶ ἐν πάσαις ταῖς τρίβοις ἡ νομὴ αὐτῶν
You are saying to those in bonds, 'Come out,' and to those in darkness, 'Be revealed.' Along all their roads they shall pasture, and on all the paths shall be their grazing-place.
Release from bondage is paired with pastoral imagery, so restoration appears as both liberation and sustained provision.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
λέγονταsayV1 · παπασμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασμ λέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δεσμοῖςδεσμόςN2 DPM · δεσμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδεσμός: meaning 'δεσμός'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐξέλθατεgo outVB AAD2P · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'go out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκότειskotosN3E DSM · σκότοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσκότος: meaning 'skotos'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνακαλυφθῆναικαλύπτω + ἀναVV APN · καλύπτω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκαλύπτω + ἀνα: meaning 'καλύπτω + ἀνα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάσαιςallA1S DPF · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ταῖςὁRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοῖςroad / wayN2 DPF · ὁδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁδός: meaning 'road'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βοσκηθήσονταιgraze / pastureVC FPI3P · βόσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβόσκω: meaning 'graze'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάσαιςallA1S DPF · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ταῖςὁRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίβοιςpathN2 DPF · τρίβοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτρίβος: meaning 'path'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἡὁRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νομὴpastureN1 NSF · νομήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνομή: meaning 'pasture'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
10
οὐ πεινάσουσιν οὐδὲ διψήσουσιν οὐδὲ πατάξει αὐτοὺς καύσων οὐδὲ ὁ ἥλιος ἀλλὰ ὁ ἐλεῶν αὐτοὺς παρακαλέσει καὶ διὰ πηγῶν ὑδάτων ἄξει αὐτούς
They shall not hunger or thirst, nor shall scorching heat or the sun strike them; but the one who has mercy on them will comfort them, and through springs of waters he will lead them.
The new-exodus movement is marked by protection from heat and by merciful guidance toward life-giving water.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεινάσουσινhungerVF FAI3P · πεινάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπεινάω: meaning 'hunger'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διψήσουσινthirstVF FAI3P · διψάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδιψάω: meaning 'thirst'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πατάξειstrikeVF FAI3S · πατάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπατάσσω: meaning 'strike'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςαὐτόςRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'αὐτός'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καύσωνκαύσωνN3W NSM · καύσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαύσων: meaning 'καύσων'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁὁRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥλιοςsunN2 NSM · ἥλιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἥλιος: meaning 'sun'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁὁRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλεῶνἔλεοςN3E GPM · ἔλεοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔλεος: meaning 'ἔλεος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοὺςαὐτόςRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'αὐτός'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παρακαλέσεικαλέω + παραVF FAI3S · καλέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαλέω + παρα: meaning 'καλέω + παρα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πηγῶνspringN1 GPF · πηγήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπηγή: meaning 'spring'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑδάτωνwaterN3T GPN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἄξειleadVF FAI3S · ἄγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἄγω: meaning 'lead'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
11
καὶ θήσω πᾶν ὄρος εἰς ὁδὸν καὶ πᾶσαν τρίβον εἰς βόσκημα αὐτοῖς
And I will make every mountain into a road, and every path into pasture for them.
Obstacles in the terrain yield before the Lord’s purpose; even mountains become passable routes for the restored people.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θήσωI will set / placeVF FAI1S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτίθημι: meaning 'I will set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶνallA3 ASN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὄροςmountainN3E ASN · ὄροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςinto / forP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁδὸνroad / wayN2 ASF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'road'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τρίβονpathA3N ASF · τρίβοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτρίβος: meaning 'path'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςinto / forP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βόσκημαpastureN3M ASN · βόσκημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβόσκημα: meaning 'pasture'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
ἰδοὺ οὗτοι πόρρωθεν ἔρχονται οὗτοι ἀπὸ βορρᾶ καὶ οὗτοι ἀπὸ θαλάσσης ἄλλοι δὲ ἐκ γῆς Περσῶν
Behold, these come from afar; behold, these from the north and these from the sea, and others from the land of the Persians.
The regathered people arrive from every direction, signaling that exile and scattering do not limit the Lord’s reach.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗτοιοὗτοςRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'οὗτος'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πόρρωθενfrom afarD · πόρρωθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπόρρωθεν: meaning 'from afar'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔρχονταιcomeV1 PMI3P · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὗτοιοὗτοςRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'οὗτος'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βορρᾶβορέαςN1T GSM · βορέαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβορέας: meaning 'βορέας'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗτοιοὗτοςRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'οὗτος'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θαλάσσηςseaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἄλλοιotherRD NPM · ἄλλοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἄλλοι: meaning 'other'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲδέX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'δέ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆςearth / landN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΠερσῶνPersiansN1M GPM · Πέρσηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΠερσῶν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
13
εὐφραίνεσθε οὐρανοί καὶ ἀγαλλιάσθω ἡ γῆ ῥηξάτωσαν τὰ ὄρη εὐφροσύνην καὶ οἱ βουνοὶ δικαιοσύνην ὅτι ἠλέησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ τοὺς ταπεινοὺς τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ παρεκάλεσεν
Rejoice, O heavens, and let the earth exult; let the mountains burst out with gladness and the hills with righteousness, because God has shown mercy to his people and has comforted the humble of his people.
Cosmic praise answers human restoration: heaven, earth, mountains, and hills all celebrate the Lord’s compassion toward the humbled people.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
εὐφραίνεσθεrejoiceV1 PMD2P · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐρανοίheavensN2 NPM · οὐρανόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοὐρανός: meaning 'heavens'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαλλιάσθωexultV3 PMD3S · ἀγαλλιάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀγαλλιάομαι: meaning 'exult'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡὁRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆearth / landN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ῥηξάτωσανburst forthVA AAD3P · ῥήγνυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateῥήγνυμι: meaning 'burst forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρηmountainN3E NPN · ὄροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὐφροσύνηνgladnessN1 ASF · εὐφροσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὐφροσύνη: meaning 'gladness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουνοὶhillN2 NPM · βουνόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβουνός: meaning 'hill'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅτιbecause / thatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠλέησενhad mercy onVAI AAI3S · ἐλεέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐλεέω: meaning 'had mercy on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁὁRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνὁRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνλαόςN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'λαός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςὁRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταπεινοὺςhumbleA1 APM · ταπεινόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationταπεινός: meaning 'humble'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦλαόςN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'λαός'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παρεκάλεσενκαλέω + παραVAI AAI3S · καλέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλέω + παρα: meaning 'καλέω + παρα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
εἶπεν δὲ Σιων ἐγκατέλιπέν με κύριος καὶ ὁ κύριος ἐπελάθετό μου
But Zion said, 'The Lord has forsaken me, and the Lord has forgotten me.'
Zion gives voice to the central emotional objection of the chapter: divine absence and forgetfulness.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
εἶπενspeak / sayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲδέX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'δέ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣιωνZionN NSF · Σιωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣιων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐγκατέλιπένλείπω + ἐν + καταVAI AAI3S · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'λείπω + ἐν + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεI / meRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁὁRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπελάθετόλανθάνω + ἐπιVBI AMI3S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'λανθάνω + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmy / meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
15
μὴ ἐπιλήσεται γυνὴ τοῦ παιδίου αὐτῆς τοῦ μὴ ἐλεῆσαι τὰ ἔκγονα τῆς κοιλίας αὐτῆς εἰ δὲ καὶ ἐπιλάθοιτο ταῦτα γυνή ἀλλ' ἐγὼ οὐκ ἐπιλήσομαί σου εἶπεν κύριος
Will a woman forget her child so as not to have mercy on the offspring of her womb? But even if a woman should forget these, yet I will not forget you, says the Lord.
The reply uses the strongest ordinary human bond, then surpasses it, insisting that divine remembrance outlasts even maternal failure.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιλήσεταιλανθάνω + ἐπιVF FMI3S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'λανθάνω + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδίουof the childN2N GSN · παιδίονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαιδίον: meaning 'of the child'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλεῆσαιshow mercyVA AAN · ἐλεέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἐλεέω: meaning 'show mercy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔκγοναoffspringA1B APN · ἔκγονοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔκγονος: meaning 'offspring'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλίαςbelly / wombN1A GSF · κοιλίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκοιλία: meaning 'belly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲδέX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'δέ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιλάθοιτολανθάνω + ἐπιVB AMO3S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'λανθάνω + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταῦταοὗτοςRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'οὗτος'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γυνήwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀλλ'ἀλλάC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'ἀλλά'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼI / meRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκοὐD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'οὐ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιλήσομαίλανθάνω + ἐπιVF FMI1S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'λανθάνω + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σουyou / yourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶπενspeak / sayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
16
ἰδοὺ ἐπὶ τῶν χειρῶν μου ἐζωγράφησά σου τὰ τείχη καὶ ἐνώπιόν μου εἶ διὰ παντός
Behold, upon my hands I have painted your walls, and you are continually before me.
Zion’s walls are pictured as inscribed upon the divine hands, a bodily metaphor of constant memorial presence.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶupon / onP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρῶνhandN3 GPF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmy / meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐζωγράφησάengrave / paintVAI AAI1S · ζωγραφέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristζωγραφέω: meaning 'engrave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σουyou / yourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τείχηwallsN3E APN · τεῖχοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτεῖχος: meaning 'walls'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνώπιόνἐνώπιόνP · ἐνώπιόνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιόν: meaning 'ἐνώπιόν'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μουmy / meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντόςallA3 GSM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
17
καὶ ταχὺ οἰκοδομηθήσῃ ὑφ' ὧν καθῃρέθης καὶ οἱ ἐρημώσαντές σε ἐκ σοῦ ἐξελεύσονται
Soon you shall be rebuilt by those by whom you were torn down, and those who made you desolate shall go out from you.
Reversal begins quickly: destroyers depart and rebuilding overtakes the former ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταχὺταχύςA3U B · ταχύςnominal element functioning within the clause→ clausal contributionταχύς: meaning 'ταχύς'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
οἰκοδομηθήσῃbuildVC FPI2S · οἰκοδομέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'build'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑφ'underP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑφ': meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὧνwhich / whomRR GPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καθῃρέθηςαἱρέω + καταVCI API2S · αἱρέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἱρέω + κατα: meaning 'αἱρέω + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρημώσαντέςmake desolateVA · ααπνπμ ἐρημόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ ἐρημόω: meaning 'make desolate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεσύRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦσύRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξελεύσονταιἔρχομαι + ἐκVF FMI3P · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'ἔρχομαι + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
18
ἆρον κύκλῳ τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς σου καὶ ἰδὲ πάντας ἰδοὺ συνήχθησαν καὶ ἤλθοσαν πρὸς σέ ζῶ ἐγώ λέγει κύριος ὅτι πάντας αὐτοὺς ἐνδύσῃ καὶ περιθήσῃ αὐτοὺς ὡς κόσμον νύμφης
Lift up your eyes all around and see: behold, they all have gathered and come to you. As I live, says the Lord, you shall put them all on like an ornament and array yourself with them like a bride.
The returnees become Zion’s adornment, so the city’s renewed population is treated as bridal beauty rather than burden.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
ἆρονlift / raiseVA AAD2S · αἴρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἴρω: meaning 'lift'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύκλῳall aroundN2 DSM · κύκλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύκλος: meaning 'all around'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοὺςὁRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμούςeyesN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyou / yourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδὲseeVB AAD2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνήχθησανἄγω + συνVQI API3P · ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + συν: meaning 'ἄγω + συν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤλθοσανcomeVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σέσύRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσέ: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ζῶliveV3 PAI1S · ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processζάω: meaning 'live'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγώI / meRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅτιbecause / thatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοὺςαὐτόςRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'αὐτός'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνδύσῃδύω + ἐνVF FMI2S · δύω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδύω + ἐν: meaning 'δύω + ἐν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιθήσῃτίθημι + περιVF FMI2S · τίθημι + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτίθημι + περι: meaning 'τίθημι + περι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςαὐτόςRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'αὐτός'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςὡςD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'ὡς'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κόσμονornamentN2 ASM · κόσμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκόσμος: meaning 'ornament'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
νύμφηςbrideN1 GSF · νύμφηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνύμφη: meaning 'bride'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
19
ὅτι τὰ ἔρημά σου καὶ τὰ διεφθαρμένα καὶ τὰ πεπτωκότα νῦν στενοχωρήσει ἀπὸ τῶν κατοικούντων καὶ μακρυνθήσονται ἀπὸ σοῦ οἱ καταπίνοντές σε
For your desolate places and your ruined and fallen places shall now be too narrow because of those dwelling there, and those who swallowed you up shall be far removed from you.
Places once empty become crowded, while devourers are forced away; restoration is described as spatial reversal.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ὅτιbecause / thatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔρημάἔρημόςA1B NPN · ἔρημόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔρημός: meaning 'ἔρημός'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyou / yourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διεφθαρμέναruinedVM · χμπνπν φθείρω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνπν φθείρω + δια: meaning 'ruined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεπτωκόταfallenVX · χαπνπν πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνπν πίπτω: meaning 'fallen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στενοχωρήσειbe too narrowVF FAI3S · στενοχωρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστενοχωρέω: meaning 'be too narrow'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικούντωνοἰκέω + καταV2 · παπγπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'οἰκέω + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μακρυνθήσονταιμακρύνωVC FPI3P · μακρύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμακρύνω: meaning 'μακρύνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦσύRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταπίνοντέςπίνω + καταV1 · παπνπμ πίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ πίνω + κατα: meaning 'πίνω + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεσύRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
20
ἐροῦσιν γὰρ εἰς τὰ ὦτά σου οἱ υἱοί σου οὓς ἀπολώλεκας στενός μοι ὁ τόπος ποίησόν μοι τόπον ἵνα κατοικήσω
For your sons, whom you had lost, shall say in your ears, 'The place is too narrow for me; make me a place so that I may dwell.'
Children once thought lost now demand more room, dramatizing how unexpectedly abundant the return will be.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἐροῦσινspeak / sayVF2 FAI3P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰργάρX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'γάρ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςinto / forP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὦτάearN3T APN · οὖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὖς: meaning 'ear'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyou / yourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοίsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyou / yourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὓςwhich / whomRR APM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὓς: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπολώλεκαςὀλλύω + ἀποVX XAI2S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'ὀλλύω + ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
στενόςnarrowA1 NSM · στενόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστενός: meaning 'narrow'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁὁRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόποςplaceN2 NSM · τόποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ποίησόνmakeVA AAD2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateποιέω: meaning 'make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τόπονplaceN2 ASM · τόποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἵναἵναC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'ἵνα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατοικήσωdwellVF FAI1S · κατοικέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκατοικέω: meaning 'dwell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
21
καὶ ἐρεῖς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου τίς ἐγέννησέν μοι τούτους ἐγὼ δὲ ἄτεκνος καὶ χήρα τούτους δὲ τίς ἐξέθρεψέν μοι ἐγὼ δὲ κατελείφθην μόνη οὗτοι δέ μοι ποῦ ἦσαν
Then you will say in your heart, 'Who bore these for me? I was childless and a widow, but who has nourished these for me? I had been left alone; where then were these for me?'
Zion marvels at children appearing beyond natural expectation, turning loss and widowhood into astonished fecundity.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖςspeak / sayVF2 FAI2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyou / yourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τίςwhoRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐγέννησένbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγεννάω: meaning 'begot'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τούτουςοὗτοςRD APM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτούτους: meaning 'οὗτος'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐγὼI / meRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲδέX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'δέ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄτεκνοςchildlessA1B NSF · ἄτεκνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄτεκνος: meaning 'childless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χήραwidowN1A NSF · χήραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχήρα: meaning 'widow'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τούτουςοὗτοςRD APM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτούτους: meaning 'οὗτος'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲδέX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'δέ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίςwhoRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξέθρεψέντρέφω + ἐκVAI AAI3S · τρέφω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτρέφω + ἐκ: meaning 'τρέφω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐγὼI / meRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲδέX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'δέ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατελείφθηνλείπω + καταVVI API1S · λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + κατα: meaning 'λείπω + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μόνηaloneA1 NSF · μόνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμόνος: meaning 'alone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὗτοιοὗτοςRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'οὗτος'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δέbut / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποῦwhereD · ποῦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastποῦ: meaning 'where'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦσανbeV9 IAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
22
οὕτως λέγει κύριος ἰδοὺ αἴρω εἰς τὰ ἔθνη τὴν χεῖρά μου καὶ εἰς τὰς νήσους ἀρῶ σύσσημόν μου καὶ ἄξουσιν τοὺς υἱούς σου ἐν κόλπῳ τὰς δὲ θυγατέρας σου ἐπ' ὤμων ἀροῦσιν
Thus says the Lord: Behold, I lift my hand to the nations and raise my signal to the islands, and they shall bring your sons in their bosom, and your daughters they shall carry on their shoulders.
The Lord publicly recruits the nations into Zion’s restoration by lifting hand and standard and making them carriers of her children.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
οὕτωςοὕτωςD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'οὕτως'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἴρωbring / layV1 PAI1S · αἴρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processαἴρω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςinto / forP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖράhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmy / meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςinto / forP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰςὁRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νήσουςislandsN2 APF · νήσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνήσος: meaning 'islands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀρῶlift / raiseVF2 FAI1S · αἴρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἴρω: meaning 'lift'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σύσσημόνsignal / bannerN2 ASN · σύσσημονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσύσσημον: meaning 'signal'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmy / meRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄξουσινleadVF FAI3P · ἄγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἄγω: meaning 'lead'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςὁRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱούςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyou / yourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κόλπῳbosomN2 DSM · κόλποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκόλπος: meaning 'bosom'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὰςὁRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲδέX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'δέ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυγατέραςdaughterN3 APF · θυγάτηρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyou / yourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπ'ἐπίP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'ἐπί'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὤμωνshouldersN2 GPM · ὦμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὦμος: meaning 'shoulders'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀροῦσινlift / raiseVF2 FAI3P · αἴρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἴρω: meaning 'lift'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
23
καὶ ἔσονται βασιλεῖς τιθηνοί σου αἱ δὲ ἄρχουσαι τροφοί σου ἐπὶ πρόσωπον τῆς γῆς προσκυνήσουσίν σοι καὶ τὸν χοῦν τῶν ποδῶν σου λείξουσιν καὶ γνώσῃ ὅτι ἐγὼ κύριος καὶ οὐκ αἰσχυνθήσῃ
Kings shall be your foster-fathers and their princesses your nurses; they shall bow down to you with face to the ground and lick the dust of your feet, and you shall know that I am the Lord, and you shall not be put to shame.
Political hierarchies reverse themselves as kings and queens become attendants of Zion and acknowledge the Lord’s honor.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσονταιbeVF FMI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βασιλεῖςkingN3V NPM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τιθηνοίfoster-fatherA1B NPM · τιθηνόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτιθηνός: meaning 'foster-father'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyou / yourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲδέX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'δέ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄρχουσαιprincesses / noble ladiesV1 · παπνπφ ἄρχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπφ ἄρχω: meaning 'princesses'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τροφοίnurseN2 NPF · τροφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτροφός: meaning 'nurse'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyou / yourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶupon / onP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πρόσωπονfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςearth / landN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
προσκυνήσουσίνκυνέω + προςVF FAI3P · κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκυνέω + προς: meaning 'κυνέω + προς'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνὁRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χοῦνdustN3 ASM · χοῦςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχοῦς: meaning 'dust'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποδῶνfeetN3D GPM · πούςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπούς: meaning 'feet'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyou / yourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λείξουσινlickVF FAI3P · λείχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλείχω: meaning 'lick'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνώσῃγιγνώσκωVF FMI2S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγιγνώσκω: meaning 'γιγνώσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιbecause / thatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼI / meRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκοὐD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'οὐ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰσχυνθήσῃput to shameVC FPI2S · αἰσχύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἰσχύνω: meaning 'put to shame'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
24
μὴ λήμψεταί τις παρὰ γίγαντος σκῦλα καὶ ἐὰν αἰχμαλωτεύσῃ τις ἀδίκως σωθήσεται
Will anyone take spoils from a giant? And if someone unjustly takes a captive, shall he be rescued?
The verse raises the hard question whether the strong ever relinquish what they have seized.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψεταίtakeVF FMI3S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τιςτιςRI NSM · τιςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτις: meaning 'τις'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παρὰwith / fromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γίγαντοςgiantN3 GSM · γίγαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγίγας: meaning 'giant'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σκῦλαspoilN2N APN · σκῦλονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκῦλον: meaning 'spoil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰχμαλωτεύσῃtake captiveVA AAS3S · αἰχμαλωτεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyαἰχμαλωτεύω: meaning 'take captive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τιςτιςRI NSM · τιςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτις: meaning 'τις'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀδίκωςunjustlyD · ἀδίκωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀδίκως: meaning 'unjustly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σωθήσεταιsaveVC FPI3S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
25
οὕτως λέγει κύριος ἐάν τις αἰχμαλωτεύσῃ γίγαντα λήμψεται σκῦλα λαμβάνων δὲ παρὰ ἰσχύοντος σωθήσεται ἐγὼ δὲ τὴν κρίσιν σου κρινῶ καὶ ἐγὼ τοὺς υἱούς σου ῥύσομαι
Thus says the Lord: If anyone takes captive a giant, he shall take spoils; and the one taking from the strong shall be rescued. I myself will judge your case, and I myself will rescue your children.
The answer is yes, because the Lord personally takes up Zion’s legal cause and rescues her children from stronger hands.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
οὕτωςοὕτωςD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'οὕτως'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐάνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τιςτιςRI NSM · τιςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτις: meaning 'τις'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
αἰχμαλωτεύσῃtake captiveVA AAS3S · αἰχμαλωτεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyαἰχμαλωτεύω: meaning 'take captive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γίγανταgiantN3 ASM · γίγαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγίγας: meaning 'giant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λήμψεταιtakeVF FMI3S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σκῦλαspoilN2N APN · σκῦλονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκῦλον: meaning 'spoil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λαμβάνωνtakingV1 · παπνσμ λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λαμβάνω: meaning 'taking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲδέX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'δέ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρὰwith / fromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἰσχύοντοςbe strong / be ableV1 · παπγσμ ἰσχύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ ἰσχύω: meaning 'be strong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σωθήσεταιsaveVC FPI3S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγὼI / meRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲδέX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'δέ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσινjudgment / caseN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyou / yourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κρινῶjudgeVF2 FAI1S · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρίνω: meaning 'judge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼI / meRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοὺςὁRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱούςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyou / yourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ῥύσομαιdeliverVF FMI1S · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureῥύομαι: meaning 'deliver'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
26
καὶ φάγονται οἱ θλίψαντές σε τὰς σάρκας αὐτῶν καὶ πίονται ὡς οἶνον νέον τὸ αἷμα αὐτῶν καὶ μεθυσθήσονται καὶ αἰσθανθήσεται πᾶσα σὰρξ ὅτι ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ ῥυσάμενός σε καὶ ἀντιλαμβανόμενος ἰσχύος Ιακωβ
Those who afflict you shall eat their own flesh, and they shall drink their own blood as new wine and become drunk; and all flesh shall perceive that I am the Lord who delivered you and who upholds the strength of Jacob.
Final judgment turns the violence of Zion’s oppressors back upon themselves, so all flesh learns who the true redeemer of Jacob is.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φάγονταιeatsVF FMI3P · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐσθίω: meaning 'eats'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θλίψαντέςθλίβωVA · ααπνπμ θλίβωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ θλίβω: meaning 'θλίβω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεσύRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰςὁRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σάρκαςfleshN3K APF · σάρξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πίονταιdrinkVF FMI3P · πίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίνω: meaning 'drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςὡςD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'ὡς'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
νέονyoungA1A ASM · νέοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνέος: meaning 'young'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἷμαbloodN3M ASN · αἷμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεθυσθήσονταιbe drunkVS FPI3P · μεθύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμεθύω: meaning 'be drunk'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰσθανθήσεταιperceiveVC FPI3S · αἰσθάνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἰσθάνομαι: meaning 'perceive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σὰρξfleshN3K NSF · σάρξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅτιbecause / thatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼI / meRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁὁRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥυσάμενόςdeliverVA · αμπνσμ ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπνσμ ῥύομαι: meaning 'deliver'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεσύRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀντιλαμβανόμενοςλαμβάνω + ἀντιV1 · πμπνσμ λαμβάνω + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ λαμβάνω + ἀντι: meaning 'λαμβάνω + ἀντι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἰσχύοςstrengthN3U GSF · ἰσχύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΙακωβJacobN GSM · Ἰακώβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.