1
καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρός με λαβὲ σεαυτῷ τόμον καινοῦ μεγάλου καὶ γράψον εἰς αὐτὸν γραφίδι ἀνθρώπου τοῦ ὀξέως προνομὴν ποιῆσαι σκύλων πάρεστιν γάρ
And the Lord said to me, Take for yourself a new large scroll and write on it with a man's stylus: Swiftly make spoil, for plunder is at hand.
The Lord begins by turning the prophecy into a public written sign. The urgency of the inscription matches the speed of the coming plunder.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λαβὲtakeVV AAD2S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεαυτῷfor yourselfRD DSM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσεαυτῷ: meaning 'for yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τόμονscrollN2 ASM · τόμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτόμος: meaning 'scroll'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καινοῦnewA1 GSM · καινόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαινός: meaning 'new'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μεγάλουgreatA1 GSM · μέγαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γράψονwriteVA AAD2S · γράφωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγράφω: meaning 'write'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γραφίδιγραφιςN3D DSF · γραφίςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγραφίς: meaning 'γραφις'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀξέωςοξεωςD · ὀξέωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὀξέως: meaning 'οξεως'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προνομὴνπρονομήN1 ASF · προνομήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρονομή: meaning 'προνομή'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποιῆσαιmake / doVA AAN · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σκύλωνspoilN2N GPN · σκῦλονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσκῦλον: meaning 'spoil'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πάρεστιν+ paraV9 PAI3S · εἰμί + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί + παρα: meaning '+ para'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γάρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
2
καὶ μάρτυράς μοι ποίησον πιστοὺς ἀνθρώπους τὸν Ουριαν καὶ τὸν Ζαχαριαν υἱὸν Βαραχιου
And make for me faithful human witnesses, Uriah and Zechariah son of Berechiah.
Reliable witnesses are summoned so the sign is not merely private inspiration but publicly attested prophecy.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μάρτυράςwitnessN3 APM · μάρτυςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμάρτυς: meaning 'witness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποίησονdoVA AAD2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πιστοὺςpistenA1 APM · πιστόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπιστός: meaning 'pisten'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνθρώπουςpeopleN2 APM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΟυριανUriahN ASM · Οὐρίαςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΟυριαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΖαχαριανZechariahN ASM · Ζαχαριαςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΖαχαριαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΒαραχιουBerechiahN GSM · Βαραχιαςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΒαραχιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
3
καὶ προσῆλθον πρὸς τὴν προφῆτιν καὶ ἐν γαστρὶ ἔλαβεν καὶ ἔτεκεν υἱόν καὶ εἶπεν κύριός μοι κάλεσον τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ταχέως σκύλευσον ὀξέως προνόμευσον
And I went in to the prophetess, and she conceived in the womb and bore a son; and the Lord said to me, Call his name Quickly plunder, swiftly spoil.
The prophetic word becomes embodied in the prophet's household. The child's name compresses the military message into a performative oracle.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσῆλθονcame forwardVBI AAI1P · ἔρχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + προς: meaning 'came forward'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφῆτινprophetessN3D ASF · προφῆτιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπροφῆτις: meaning 'prophetess'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γαστρὶwombN3 DSF · γαστήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγαστήρ: meaning 'womb'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτεκενboreVBI AAI3S · τίκτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίκτω: meaning 'bore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
υἱόνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριόςlordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κάλεσονcallVA AAD2S · καλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκαλέω: meaning 'call'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ταχέωςquicklyD · ταχέωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastταχέως: meaning 'quickly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκύλευσονφαπασν σκυλευωVF · φαπασν σκυλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφαπασν σκυλεύω: meaning 'φαπασν σκυλευω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀξέωςοξεωςD · ὀξέωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὀξέως: meaning 'οξεως'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προνόμευσονφαπασν νομευω προVF · φαπασν νομεύω + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφαπασν νομεύω + προ: meaning 'φαπασν νομευω προ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
διότι πρὶν ἢ γνῶναι τὸ παιδίον καλεῖν πατέρα ἢ μητέρα λήμψεται δύναμιν Δαμασκοῦ καὶ τὰ σκῦλα Σαμαρείας ἔναντι βασιλέως Ἀσσυρίων
For before the child knows how to call father or mother, he will take the power of Damascus and the spoils of Samaria before the king of the Assyrians.
Before the child can speak of father and mother, Damascus and Samaria will already be yielding their strength to Assyria.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὶνbeforeD · πρίνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπρὶν: meaning 'before'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνῶναιγιγνωσκωVZ AAN · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementγιγνώσκω: meaning 'γιγνωσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδίονchildN2N ASN · παιδίονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαιδίον: meaning 'child'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καλεῖνcallV2 PAN · καλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκαλέω: meaning 'call'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πατέραfatherN3 ASM · πατήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μητέραmotherN3 ASF · μήτηρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμήτηρ: meaning 'mother'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λήμψεταιreceiveVF FMI3S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαμβάνω: meaning 'receive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δύναμινforce / powerN3I ASF · δύναμιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΔαμασκοῦDamascusN GSM · Δαμασκοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΔαμασκοῦ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκῦλαspoilN2N APN · σκῦλονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκῦλον: meaning 'spoil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΣαμαρείαςSamariaN1A GSF · Σαμαρείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΣαμαρείας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἔναντιenantiD · ἔναντιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔναντι: meaning 'enanti'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἈσσυρίωνAssyriaN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
5
καὶ προσέθετο κύριος λαλῆσαί μοι ἔτι
And the Lord continued speaking to me again,
The oracle continues, linking the child-sign to a broader interpretation of Judah's political refusal.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσέθετοaddedVEI AMI3S · τίθημι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι + προς: meaning 'added'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λαλῆσαίspeakVA AAN · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔτιstill / moreoverD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
6
διὰ τὸ μὴ βούλεσθαι τὸν λαὸν τοῦτον τὸ ὕδωρ τοῦ Σιλωαμ τὸ πορευόμενον ἡσυχῇ ἀλλὰ βούλεσθαι ἔχειν τὸν Ραασσων καὶ τὸν υἱὸν Ρομελιου βασιλέα ἐφ' ὑμῶν
Because this people does not wish for the water of Siloam that goes gently, but wishes to have Rezin and the son of Remaliah as king over you,
The people reject the quiet, sufficient provision of God and prefer the visible political arrangement represented by Rezin and the son of Remaliah.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βούλεσθαιto wishV1 PMN · βούλομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementβούλομαι: meaning 'to wish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦτονtheseRD ASM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτον: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕδωρwaterN3 NSN · ὕδωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣιλωαμSiloamN GS · Σιλωαμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣιλωαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πορευόμενονgoingV1 · πμπασν πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασν πορεύομαι: meaning 'going'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡσυχῇησυχηD · ἡσυχῇadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἡσυχῇ: meaning 'ησυχη'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βούλεσθαιto wishV1 PMN · βούλομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementβούλομαι: meaning 'to wish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔχεινhaveV1 PAN · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἔχω: meaning 'have'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΡαασσωνRezinN ASM · Ραασσωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΡαασσων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΡομελιουRemaliahN GSM · Ρομελιαςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΡομελιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐφ'ephP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'eph'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
διὰ τοῦτο ἰδοὺ ἀνάγει κύριος ἐφ' ὑμᾶς τὸ ὕδωρ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τὸ ἰσχυρὸν καὶ τὸ πολύ τὸν βασιλέα τῶν Ἀσσυρίων καὶ τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀναβήσεται ἐπὶ πᾶσαν φάραγγα ὑμῶν καὶ περιπατήσει ἐπὶ πᾶν τεῖχος ὑμῶν
Therefore, behold, the Lord is bringing up against you the water of the river, strong and abundant, the king of the Assyrians and all his glory; and it will go up over every ravine of yours and pass along over every wall of yours.
The rejected gentle water is answered by the great river. Assyria is described as overwhelming military force advancing through every depression and fortification.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνάγειbrings upV1 PAI3S · ἄγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄγω + ἀνα: meaning 'brings up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐφ'ephP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'eph'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕδωρwaterN3 ASN · ὕδωρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποταμοῦriverN2 GSM · ποταμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχυρὸνmightyA1A ASN · ἰσχυρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχυρός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πολύmuchA1P ASN · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἈσσυρίωνAssyriaN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναβήσεταιgo upVF FMI3S · βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'go up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φάραγγαvalley / ravineN3G ASF · φάραγξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφάραγξ: meaning 'valley'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιπατήσειwalk aboutVF FAI3S · πατέω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπατέω + περι: meaning 'walk about'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πᾶνallA3 NSN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τεῖχοςwallN3E ASN · τεῖχοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτεῖχος: meaning 'wall'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
καὶ ἀφελεῖ ἀπὸ τῆς Ιουδαίας ἄνθρωπον ὃς δυνήσεται κεφαλὴν ἆραι ἢ δυνατὸν συντελέσασθαί τι καὶ ἔσται ἡ παρεμβολὴ αὐτοῦ ὥστε πληρῶσαι τὸ πλάτος τῆς χώρας σου μεθ' ἡμῶν ὁ θεός
And he will take away from Judah the man who is able to raise a head or accomplish anything strong, and his camp will be such as to fill the breadth of your land, O God-with-us.
The Assyrian overflow reaches Judah itself. The final cry, God with us, keeps the Immanuel theme alive inside the invasion scene.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφελεῖshall removeVF2 FAI3S · αἱρέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἱρέω + ἀπο: meaning 'shall remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίαςJudeaN1A GSF · Ἰουδαίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΙουδαίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἄνθρωπονmanN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δυνήσεταιhe will be ableVF FMI3S · δύναμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδύναμαι: meaning 'he will be able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κεφαλὴνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἆραιto lift upVA AAN · αἴρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementαἴρω: meaning 'to lift up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δυνατὸνδυνατοςA1 ASM · δυνατόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδυνατός: meaning 'δυνατος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
συντελέσασθαίcompleteVA AMN · τελέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementτελέω + συν: meaning 'complete'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τιanythingRI ASN · τιςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτι: meaning 'anything'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολὴcampN1 NSF · παρεμβολήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαρεμβολή: meaning 'camp'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὥστεso thatC · ὥστεconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὥστε: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πληρῶσαιpeplerokosVA AAN · πληρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπληρόω: meaning 'peplerokos'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλάτοςplatosN3E ASN · πλάτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλάτος: meaning 'platos'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χώραςchorasN1A GSF · χώραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχώρα: meaning 'choras'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμεθ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
9
γνῶτε ἔθνη καὶ ἡττᾶσθε ἐπακούσατε ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς ἰσχυκότες ἡττᾶσθε ἐὰν γὰρ πάλιν ἰσχύσητε πάλιν ἡττηθήσεσθε
Know this, nations, and be defeated; listen, even to the end of the earth. Though you have become strong, be defeated; for if you become strong again, again you will be defeated.
The prophet addresses the nations directly. Their strength is temporary and self-defeating because they stand against the Lord's purpose.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
γνῶτεknowingVZ AAD2P · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγιγνώσκω: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔθνηnationN3E NPN · ἔθνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡττᾶσθεητταωV3 PMD2P · ἡττάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἡττάω: meaning 'ητταω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπακούσατεhear favorablyVA AAD2P · ἀκούω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'hear favorably'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσχάτουthe endA1 GSM · ἔσχατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔσχατος: meaning 'the end'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἰσχυκότεςχαπνπμ ισχυωVX · χαπνπμ ἰσχύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνπμ ἰσχύω: meaning 'χαπνπμ ισχυω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡττᾶσθεητταωV3 PMD2P · ἡττάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἡττάω: meaning 'ητταω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάλινagainD · πάλινadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπάλιν: meaning 'again'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰσχύσητεbe strongVA AAS2P · ἰσχύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἰσχύω: meaning 'be strong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάλινagainD · πάλινadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπάλιν: meaning 'again'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡττηθήσεσθεητταωVC FPI2P · ἡττάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἡττάω: meaning 'ητταω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
καὶ ἣν ἂν βουλεύσησθε βουλήν διασκεδάσει κύριος καὶ λόγον ὃν ἐὰν λαλήσητε οὐ μὴ ἐμμείνῃ ὑμῖν ὅτι μεθ' ἡμῶν κύριος ὁ θεός
And whatever counsel you may take, the Lord will scatter it; and whatever word you may speak shall certainly not remain with you, because the Lord God is with us.
Every counsel and spoken plan collapses before the reality of divine presence.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἣνwho / whomRR ASF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἣν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βουλεύσησθεtook counselVA AMS2P · βουλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyβουλεύω: meaning 'took counsel'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βουλήνcounselN1 ASF · βουλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διασκεδάσειbreak apartVF FAI3S · σκεδάζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσκεδάζω + δια: meaning 'break apart'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὃνosRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'os'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαλήσητεspeakVA AAS2P · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμμείνῃyou remainedVA AAS3S · μένω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyμένω + ἐν: meaning 'you remained'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμεθ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
11
οὕτως λέγει κύριος τῇ ἰσχυρᾷ χειρὶ ἀπειθοῦσιν τῇ πορείᾳ τῆς ὁδοῦ τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου λέγοντες
For thus says the Lord, with a strong hand, to those who disobey the course of the way of this people, saying,
Isaiah now turns from international taunt to internal instruction. The strong hand of the Lord separates the prophet from the path of public rebellion.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
οὕτωςthus / soD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῇtheRD DSF · ὁpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestτῇ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἰσχυρᾷstrongA1A DSF · ἰσχυρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἰσχυρός: meaning 'strong'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀπειθοῦσινyou disobeyedV2 PAI3P · ἀπειθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀπειθέω: meaning 'you disobeyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πορείᾳmarchN1A DSF · πορείαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπορεία: meaning 'march'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοῦway / roadN2 GSF · ὁδόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τούτουthis / theseRD GSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationτούτου: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγοντεςsayingV1 · παπνπμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
μήποτε εἴπητε σκληρόν πᾶν γάρ ὃ ἐὰν εἴπῃ ὁ λαὸς οὗτος σκληρόν ἐστιν τὸν δὲ φόβον αὐτοῦ οὐ μὴ φοβηθῆτε οὐδὲ μὴ ταραχθῆτε
Do not ever say, Hard, for everything that this people says is hard; and do not fear what it fears, nor be troubled.
The prophet and his hearers are forbidden to adopt the crowd's language of panic. Their fear must not be borrowed from unbelieving society.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
μήποτεperhapsD · μήποτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμήποτε: meaning 'perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴπητεsayVB AAS2P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σκληρόνmighty / sternA1A ASN · σκληρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκληρός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πᾶνall / everyA3 ASN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γάρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὃwhich / whoRR NSN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴπῃsayVB AAS3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σκληρόνmighty / sternA1A NSN · σκληρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκληρός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φόβονfearN2 ASM · φόβοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοβηθῆτεbe afraidVC APS2P · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyφοβέω: meaning 'be afraid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταραχθῆτεtroubleVQ APS2P · ταράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyταράσσω: meaning 'trouble'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
13
κύριον αὐτὸν ἁγιάσατε καὶ αὐτὸς ἔσται σου φόβος
Sanctify the Lord himself, and he shall be your fear.
Fear is reoriented toward the Lord alone. Holiness and reverence become the answer to public anxiety.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἁγιάσατεconsecrateVA AAD2P · ἁγιάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἁγιάζω: meaning 'consecrate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
14
καὶ ἐὰν ἐπ' αὐτῷ πεποιθὼς ᾖς ἔσται σοι εἰς ἁγίασμα καὶ οὐχ ὡς λίθου προσκόμματι συναντήσεσθε αὐτῷ οὐδὲ ὡς πέτρας πτώματι ὁ δὲ οἶκος Ιακωβ ἐν παγίδι καὶ ἐν κοιλάσματι ἐγκαθήμενοι ἐν Ιερουσαλημ
And if you are trusting in him, he will be for you as a sanctuary; but you shall not meet him as a stone of stumbling nor as a rock of falling, while the house of Jacob sits in a snare and in a hollow, dwelling in Jerusalem.
The Lord becomes either sanctuary or stumbling depending on whether one trusts him. The verse already divides Israel by response to the same holy presence.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πεποιθὼςtrustVX · χαπνσμ πείθωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνσμ πείθω: meaning 'trust'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ᾖςbeV9 PAS2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceᾖς: meaning 'be'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἁγίασμαsanctuaryN3M ASN · ἁγίασμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁγίασμα: meaning 'sanctuary'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λίθουstoneN2 GSM · λίθοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλίθος: meaning 'stone'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
προσκόμματιπρόσκομμαN3M DSN · πρόσκομμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπρόσκομμα: meaning 'πρόσκομμα'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
συναντήσεσθεmeetVF FMI2P · ἀντάω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀντάω + συν: meaning 'meet'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέτραςpetrasN1A GSF · πέτραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπέτρα: meaning 'petras'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πτώματιfallN3M DSN · πτῶμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπτῶμα: meaning 'fall'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙακωβJacobN GSM · Ἰακώβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παγίδιsnareN3D DSF · παγίςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαγίς: meaning 'snare'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κοιλάσματικοιλασμαN3M DSN · κοίλασμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκοίλασμα: meaning 'κοιλασμα'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐγκαθήμενοιπμπνπμ ημαι εν καταV5 · πμπνπμ ἧμαι + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ ἧμαι + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'πμπνπμ ημαι εν κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
15
διὰ τοῦτο ἀδυνατήσουσιν ἐν αὐτοῖς πολλοὶ καὶ πεσοῦνται καὶ συντριβήσονται καὶ ἐγγιοῦσιν καὶ ἁλώσονται ἄνθρωποι ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ ὄντες
Therefore many among them will be powerless, and they will fall and be broken, and they will draw near and be taken, men who were living in security.
Those who remain within that trap will fall, be shattered, and be captured even while imagining themselves secure.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀδυνατήσουσινis impossibleVC FPI3P · ἀδυνατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀδυνατέω: meaning 'is impossible'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πολλοὶmanyA1 NPM · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεσοῦνταιfellVF FAI3P · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω: meaning 'fell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συντριβήσονταιwas crushedVD FPI3P · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτρίβω + συν: meaning 'was crushed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγγιοῦσινthey came nearVF2 FAI3P · ἐγγίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐγγίζω: meaning 'they came near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁλώσονταιἁλίσκωVF FMI3P · ἁλίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἁλίσκω: meaning 'ἁλίσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνθρωποιhuman beingN2 NPM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'human being'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀσφαλείᾳsecurityN1A DSF · ἀσφάλειαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀσφάλεια: meaning 'security'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὄντεςbeing / who wereV9 · παπνπμ εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ εἰμί: meaning 'being'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
16
τότε φανεροὶ ἔσονται οἱ σφραγιζόμενοι τὸν νόμον τοῦ μὴ μαθεῖν
Then those who seal up the law so as not to learn shall become manifest.
The prophetic teaching is marked off and sealed. The line separates true instruction from the blindness of those who will not learn.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φανεροὶvisibleA1A NPM · φανερόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφανερός: meaning 'visible'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσονταιbeVF FMI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σφραγιζόμενοιπμπνπμ σφραγιζωV1 · πμπνπμ σφραγίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ σφραγίζω: meaning 'πμπνπμ σφραγιζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μαθεῖνlearnVB AAN · μανθάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementμανθάνω: meaning 'learn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
καὶ ἐρεῖ μενῶ τὸν θεὸν τὸν ἀποστρέψαντα τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου Ιακωβ καὶ πεποιθὼς ἔσομαι ἐπ' αὐτῷ
And he will say, I will wait for God, who has turned his face away from the house of Jacob, and I will trust in him.
Isaiah models the faithful response: patient waiting during divine hiddenness and deliberate trust when the house of Jacob experiences judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖsayVF2 FAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μενῶI will wait / tarryVF2 FAI1S · μένωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμένω: meaning 'I will wait'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποστρέψανταααπασμ στρεφω αποVA · ααπασμ στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπασμ στρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'ααπασμ στρεφω απο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΙακωβJacobN GSM · Ἰακώβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεποιθὼςtrustVX · χαπνσμ πείθωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνσμ πείθω: meaning 'trust'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔσομαιbeVF FMI1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
18
ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ καὶ τὰ παιδία ἅ μοι ἔδωκεν ὁ θεός καὶ ἔσται εἰς σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ Ισραηλ παρὰ κυρίου σαβαωθ ὃς κατοικεῖ ἐν τῷ ὄρει Σιων
Behold, I and the children whom God has given me shall be for signs and wonders in the house of Israel from the Lord Sabaoth, who dwells on Mount Zion.
Isaiah and his children are gathered up as living signs. The prophetic household becomes a theater of testimony in Israel.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼI / meRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδίαyoung onesN2N NPN · παιδίονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαιδίον: meaning 'young ones'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἅwho / whichRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἅ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σημεῖαsemeiaN2N APN · σημεῖονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσημεῖον: meaning 'semeia'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τέραταwonderN3T APN · τέραςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέρας: meaning 'wonder'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
παρὰbeside / byP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'beside'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σαβαωθSabaothN G · σαβαωθadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσαβαωθ: meaning 'Sabaoth'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατοικεῖdwellsV2 PAI3S · οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processοἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwells'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρειhill country / mountainN3E DSN · ὄροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄρος: meaning 'hill country'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΣιωνZionN DSF · Σιωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣιων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
19
καὶ ἐὰν εἴπωσιν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ζητήσατε τοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς φωνοῦντας καὶ τοὺς ἐγγαστριμύθους τοὺς κενολογοῦντας οἳ ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας φωνοῦσιν οὐκ ἔθνος πρὸς θεὸν αὐτοῦ τί ἐκζητοῦσιν περὶ τῶν ζώντων τοὺς νεκρούς
And if they say to you, Seek those from the earth who speak, and the ventriloquists who babble, who utter sound from the belly, should not a nation seek its God? Why do they seek the dead concerning the living?
The chapter rejects mediums and ventriloquists by asking the absurd question whether a people should seek the dead on behalf of the living instead of its God.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴπωσινsayVB AAS3P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ζητήσατεseekVA AAD2P · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateζητέω: meaning 'seek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φωνοῦνταςπαπαπμ φωνεωV2 · παπαπμ φωνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ φωνέω: meaning 'παπαπμ φωνεω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐγγαστριμύθουςmediumsA1B APM · ἐγγαστρίμυθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐγγαστρίμυθος: meaning 'mediums'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κενολογοῦνταςπαπαπμ κενολογεωV2 · παπαπμ κενολογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ κενολογέω: meaning 'παπαπμ κενολογεω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἳwho / whichRR NPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοἳ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλίαςbelly / wombN1A GSF · κοιλίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκοιλία: meaning 'belly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φωνοῦσινphonesaiV2 PAI3P · φωνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφωνέω: meaning 'phonesai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθνοςnationsN3E NSN · ἔθνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκζητοῦσινseekV2 PAI3P · ζητέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'seek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζώντωνπαπγπμ ζαωV3 · παπγπμ ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ ζάω: meaning 'παπγπμ ζαω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεκρούςdeadN2 APM · νεκρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνεκρός: meaning 'dead'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
20
νόμον γὰρ εἰς βοήθειαν ἔδωκεν ἵνα εἴπωσιν οὐχ ὡς τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο περὶ οὗ οὐκ ἔστιν δῶρα δοῦναι περὶ αὐτοῦ
For he gave the law for help, so that they might say, Not like this word, concerning which there is no gift to be given for it.
The law is given as help and criterion. Any word that cannot stand before that divine standard is exposed as empty.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βοήθειανhelpN1A ASF · βοήθειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβοήθεια: meaning 'help'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴπωσινsayVB AAS3P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαword / matterN3M ASN · ῥῆμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οὗwho / whichRR GSN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δῶραgiftN2N APN · δῶρονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδῶρον: meaning 'gift'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δοῦναιgiveVO AAN · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
21
καὶ ἥξει ἐφ' ὑμᾶς σκληρὰ λιμός καὶ ἔσται ὡς ἂν πεινάσητε λυπηθήσεσθε καὶ κακῶς ἐρεῖτε τὸν ἄρχοντα καὶ τὰ παταχρα καὶ ἀναβλέψονται εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἄνω
And hard famine will come upon you, and it shall be that when you hunger you will be grieved, and you will speak evil of the ruler and of the ancestral things, and they will look upward to heaven.
Refusal of the divine word produces hunger, bitterness, and cursing. Distress drives the people upward, but without relief.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥξειwill comeVF FAI3S · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἥκω: meaning 'will come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐφ'ephP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'eph'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σκληρὰmighty / sternA1A NPM · σκληρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκληρός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λιμόςfamineN2 NSM · λιμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλιμός: meaning 'famine'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεινάσητεthose who hungerVA AAS2P · πεινάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπεινάω: meaning 'those who hunger'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λυπηθήσεσθεgrievedVC FPI2P · λυπέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλυπέω: meaning 'grieved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κακῶςwickedlyD · κακῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκακῶς: meaning 'wickedly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖτεyou shall sayVF2 FAI2P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'you shall say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχονταcommanderN3 ASM · ἄρχωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄρχων: meaning 'commander'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παταχραπαταχραN2N APN PATAXRONnominal element functioning within the clause→ clausal contributionπαταχρα: meaning 'παταχρα'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναβλέψονταιhe regained sightVF FMI3P · βλέπω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβλέπω + ἀνα: meaning 'he regained sight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄνωanoD · ἄνωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἄνω: meaning 'ano'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
22
καὶ εἰς τὴν γῆν κάτω ἐμβλέψονται καὶ ἰδοὺ θλῖψις καὶ στενοχωρία καὶ σκότος ἀπορία στενὴ καὶ σκότος ὥστε μὴ βλέπειν
And they will look downward to the earth, and behold: affliction and distress and darkness, narrow perplexity and darkness so that they cannot see.
The downward look is no better: the land itself is filled with constriction, darkness, and inability to see.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κάτωlowerD · κάτωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκάτω: meaning 'lower'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμβλέψονταιlook uponVF FMI3P · βλέπω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβλέπω + ἐν: meaning 'look upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θλῖψιςafflictionN3I NSF · θλῖψιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθλῖψις: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στενοχωρίαdistressesN1 NSF · στενοχωρίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστενοχωρία: meaning 'distresses'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκότοςdarknessN3E NSM · σκότοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκότος: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπορίαdistressN1A NSF · ἀπορίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπορία: meaning 'distress'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
στενὴdistressed / narrowA1 NSF · στενόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστενός: meaning 'distressed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκότοςdarknessN3E NSM · σκότοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκότος: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὥστεso thatD · ὥστεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥστε: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βλέπεινlookV1 PAN · βλέπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementβλέπω: meaning 'look'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
23
καὶ οὐκ ἀπορηθήσεται ὁ ἐν στενοχωρίᾳ ὢν ἕως καιροῦ τοῦτο πρῶτον ποίει ταχὺ ποίει χώρα Ζαβουλων ἡ γῆ Νεφθαλιμ ὁδὸν θαλάσσης καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ οἱ τὴν παραλίαν κατοικοῦντες καὶ πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου Γαλιλαία τῶν ἐθνῶν τὰ μέρη τῆς Ιουδαίας
And the one who is in distress shall not remain bewildered forever; at the former time, quickly act, O land of Zebulun, land of Naphtali, way of the sea, and the rest who dwell by the coast and beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the nations, the regions of Judea.
The final line refuses to let distress have the last word. The places first humiliated are named in anticipation of the reversal that opens the next chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπορηθήσεταιwas troubledVC FPI3S · ἀπορέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀπορέω: meaning 'was troubled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
στενοχωρίᾳdistressesA1 DSF · στενοχωρίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceστενοχωρία: meaning 'distresses'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὢνπαπνσμ εἰμίV9 · παπνσμ εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ εἰμί: meaning 'παπνσμ εἰμί'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἕωςas far asD · ἕωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'as far as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καιροῦappointed timeN2 GSM · καιρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαιρός: meaning 'appointed time'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πρῶτονfirstD · πρῶτονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπρῶτον: meaning 'first'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποίειdoV2 PAD2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταχὺswiftA3U B · ταχύςnominal element functioning within the clause→ clausal contributionταχύς: meaning 'swift'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ποίειdoV2 PAD2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χώραcountryN1A NSF · χώραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχώρα: meaning 'country'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΖαβουλωνZebulunN GSM · Ζαβουλωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΖαβουλων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆland / earthN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΝεφθαλιμNaphtaliN VSM · Νεφθαλιμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝεφθαλιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὁδὸνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θαλάσσηςseaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοιποὶthe restA1 NPM · λοιπόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλοιπός: meaning 'the rest'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραλίανπαραλιανD · παραλίανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπαραλίαν: meaning 'παραλιαν'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέρανperanD · πέρανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπέραν: meaning 'peran'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνουJordanN1M GSM · Ἰορδάνηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΙορδάνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΓαλιλαίαGalileeN VS · Γαλιλαίαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΓαλιλαία: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέρηflanksN3E APN · μέροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέρος: meaning 'flanks'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίαςJudeaN1A GSF · Ἰουδαίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΙουδαίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.