1
κάμνων τῇ ψυχῇ μου στένων ἐπαφήσω ἐπ' αὐτὸν τὰ ῥήματά μου λαλήσω πικρίᾳ ψυχῆς μου συνεχόμενος
Worn out in my soul, groaning, I will let my words loose against him; being constrained, I will speak in the bitterness of my soul.
Job opens by naming his inward exhaustion and by announcing that his complaint will no longer remain suppressed.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
κάμνωνworn outV1 · παπνσμ κάμνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteπαπνσμ κάμνω: meaning 'worn out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχῇsoulN1 DSF · ψυχήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
στένωνgroaningV1 · παπνσμ στένωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteπαπνσμ στένω: meaning 'groaning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπαφήσωI will let looseVF FAI1S · ἵημι + ἐπι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἵημι + ἐπι + ἀπο: meaning 'I will let loose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματάwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαsubject of καταβήτω→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as subject of καταβήτω.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
λαλήσωI will speakVF FAI1S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ predictive future (the speech-act about to begin)λαλέω: meaning 'I will speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or command of the clause.
πικρίᾳbitternessN1A DSF · πικρίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteπικρία: meaning 'bitterness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ψυχῆςlifeN1 GSF · ψυχήobject of περί within the idiom περὶ ψυχῆς→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as object of περί within the idiom περὶ ψυχῆς.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
συνεχόμενοςshut inV1 · πμπνσμ ἔχω + συνparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteπμπνσμ ἔχω + συν: meaning 'shut in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
2
καὶ ἐρῶ πρὸς κύριον μή με ἀσεβεῖν δίδασκε καὶ διὰ τί με οὕτως ἔκρινας
And I will say to the Lord, Do not teach me to act impiously, and show me why you have thus judged me.
The complaint now becomes direct prayer, asking both for moral clarity and for the reason behind God's verdict.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρῶI will tellVF2 FAI1S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'I will tell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or command of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
μήnotD · μήadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relation→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμή: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀσεβεῖνact impiouslyV2 PAN · ἀσεβέωinfinitive complement or verbal noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἀσεβέω: meaning 'act impiously'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or verbal noun within the clause.
δίδασκεteachV1 PAD2S · διδάσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteδιδάσκω: meaning 'teach'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ἔκριναςjudgedVAI AAI2S · κρίνωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action or state→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteκρίνω: meaning 'judged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action or state.
3
ἦ καλόν σοι ἐὰν ἀδικήσω ὅτι ἀπείπω ἔργα χειρῶν σου βουλῇ δὲ ἀσεβῶν προσέσχες
Is it good for you if I do wrong, that you should reject the works of your hands, while attending to the counsel of the ungodly?
Job presses the contradiction he feels between God's creative ownership of him and God's apparent favor toward the wicked.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἦsurelyD · ἦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἦ: meaning 'surely'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καλόνgoodA1 NSN · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the proverb→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteκαλός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the proverb.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ἀδικήσωI do wrongVA AAS1S · ἀδικέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἀδικέω: meaning 'I do wrong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπείπωyou rejectVB AAS1S · εἶπον + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteεἶπον + ἀπο: meaning 'you reject'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονcommon noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive (source of the works)→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as genitive (source of the works).
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
βουλῇboylN1 DSF · βουλήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteβουλή: meaning 'boyl'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
προσέσχεςyou attendVBI AAI2S · ἔχω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἔχω + προς: meaning 'you attend'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
ἦ ὥσπερ βροτὸς ὁρᾷ καθορᾷς ἢ καθὼς ὁρᾷ ἄνθρωπος βλέψῃ
Do you see as a mortal sees, or will you look as a human being looks?
The question appeals to divine transcendence: God should not need to inspect as a limited human observer does.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἦsurelyD · ἦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἦ: meaning 'surely'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
βροτὸςmortalN2 NSM · βροτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteβροτός: meaning 'mortal'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁρᾷseeV3 PAI3S · ὁράωmain verbal form carrying the saying's assertion, warning, or consequence→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the saying's assertion, warning, or consequence.
καθορᾷςdo you beholdV3 PAI2S · ὁράω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteὁράω + κατα: meaning 'do you behold'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθὼςjust asD · καθώςadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceκαθώς: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ὁρᾷseeV3 PAI3S · ὁράωmain verbal form carrying the saying's assertion, warning, or consequence→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the saying's assertion, warning, or consequence.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
βλέψῃlookVF FMI2S · βλέπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteβλέπω: meaning 'look'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
ἦ ὁ βίος σου ἀνθρώπινός ἐστιν ἢ τὰ ἔτη σου ἀνδρός
Is your life human, or are your years those of a man,
Job continues the argument by denying that God is subject to the short time horizon of human judges.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἦsurelyD · ἦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἦ: meaning 'surely'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βίοςlifeN2 NSM · βίοςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteβίος: meaning 'life'; it serves as nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀνθρώπινόςhumanA1 NSM · ἀνθρώπινοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἀνθρώπινος: meaning 'human'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔτηyearsN3E NPN · ἔτοςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀνδρόςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive element marking relation, possession, source, or description within the phrase→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive element marking relation, possession, source, or description within the phrase.
6
ὅτι ἀνεζήτησας τὴν ἀνομίαν μου καὶ τὰς ἁμαρτίας μου ἐξιχνίασας
that you have sought out my lawlessness and tracked down my sins,
The verse gives the practical consequence of the previous questions: God appears to be conducting an exhaustive prosecution.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνεζήτησαςyou sought outVAI AAI2S · ζητέω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteζητέω + ἀνα: meaning 'you sought out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνομίανiniquitiesN1A ASF · ἀνομίαcommon noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἀνομία: meaning 'iniquities'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A APF · ἁμαρτίαnominal term functioning as a accusative complement→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a accusative complement.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐξιχνίασαςyou tracked downVAI AAI2S · ἐξιχνίαζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἐξιχνίαζω: meaning 'you tracked down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
οἶδας γὰρ ὅτι οὐκ ἠσέβησα ἀλλὰ τίς ἐστιν ὁ ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν σου ἐξαιρούμενος
though you know that I have not acted impiously, and there is no one who can deliver from your hands.
Job combines an appeal to God's knowledge of his case with the helpless truth that no one can rescue him from divine power.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
οἶδαςknowVX XAI2S · οἶδαmain verbal form advancing the court-crisis narrative or the prayerful appeal→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteοἶδα: meaning 'know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the court-crisis narrative or the prayerful appeal.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἠσέβησαI acted impiouslyVAI AAI1S · ἀσεβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἀσεβέω: meaning 'I acted impiously'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunction→ coordinationἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive (source of the works)→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as genitive (source of the works).
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐξαιρούμενοςdeliverV2 · πμπνσμ αἱρέω + ἐκparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance, description, or attendant action→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionπμπνσμ αἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'deliver'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause and supplying circumstance, description, or attendant action.
8
αἱ χεῖρές σου ἔπλασάν με καὶ ἐποίησάν με μετὰ ταῦτα μεταβαλών με ἔπαισας
Your hands formed me and made me; then, changing, you struck me.
The speech pivots from prosecution to creation: the God who made Job now seems to have turned against his own work.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
χεῖρέςhandsN3 NPF · χείρnominative element functioning in the clause core→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as nominative element functioning in the clause core.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἔπλασάνformedVAI AAI3P · πλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteπλάσσω: meaning 'formed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησάνmadeVAI AAI3P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteποιέω: meaning 'made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
μεταβαλώνchangingVB · ααπνσμ βάλλω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteααπνσμ βάλλω + μετα: meaning 'changing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἔπαισαςyou struckVAI AAI2S · παίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteπαίω: meaning 'you struck'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
μνήσθητι ὅτι πηλόν με ἔπλασας εἰς δὲ γῆν με πάλιν ἀποστρέφεις
Remember that you molded me like clay, and now you turn me back again into earth.
The clay image sharpens Job's protest: the one carefully shaped from dust is being reduced back to dust.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μνήσθητιrememberVS APD2S · μιμνήσκωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingμιμνήσκω: meaning 'remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πηλόνclayN2 ASM · πηλόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteπηλός: meaning 'clay'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἔπλασαςeplasasVAI AAI2S · πλάσσωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a wholeπλάσσω: meaning 'eplasas'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form carrying the clause forward.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
πάλινagainD · πάλινadverb or negative particle qualifying the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteπάλιν: meaning 'again'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστρέφειςyou turn backV1 PAI2S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'you turn back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
ἦ οὐχ ὥσπερ γάλα με ἤμελξας ἐτύρωσας δέ με ἴσα τυρῷ
Did you not milk me like milk, and curdle me like cheese?
Job uses startling organic imagery to recall the hidden skill and process by which bodily life was formed.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἦsurelyD · ἦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἦ: meaning 'surely'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ simple negationοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
γάλαmilkN3 ASN · γάλαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteγάλα: meaning 'milk'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἤμελξαςyou milkedVAI AAI2S · ἀμέλγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἀμέλγω: meaning 'you milked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐτύρωσαςyou curdledVAI AAI2S · τυρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteτυρόω: meaning 'you curdled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἴσαlikeD · ἴσοςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἴσα: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τυρῷcheeseN2 DSM · τυρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteτυρός: meaning 'cheese'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
11
δέρμα καὶ κρέας με ἐνέδυσας ὀστέοις δὲ καὶ νεύροις με ἐνεῖρας
You clothed me with skin and flesh, and knit me together with bones and sinews.
The body is described as a carefully assembled garment and frame, underscoring divine intimacy in creation.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
δέρμαhide / skinN3M ASN · δέρμαsubject of ἔσται (the perquisite)→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteδέρμα: meaning 'hide'; it serves as subject of ἔσται (the perquisite).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρέαςfleshN3 ASN · κρέαςnominal element functioning within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteκρέας: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνέδυσαςyou clothedVAI AAI2S · δύω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteδύω + ἐν: meaning 'you clothed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀστέοιςbonesN2N DPN · ὀστέονnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νεύροιςsinewsN2 DPN · νεῦρονdative element marking reference, sphere, instrument, or recipient within the saying→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteνεῦρον: meaning 'sinews'; it serves as dative element marking reference, sphere, instrument, or recipient within the saying.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνεῖραςyou knit togetherVAI AAI2S · εἴρω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteεἴρω + ἐν: meaning 'you knit together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
ζωὴν δὲ καὶ ἔλεος ἔθου παρ' ἐμοί ἡ δὲ ἐπισκοπή σου ἐφύλαξέν μου τὸ πνεῦμα
And you granted me life and mercy, and your oversight guarded my spirit.
Job remembers not only being made but being sustained by God's merciful supervision.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ζωὴνlifeN1 ASF · ζωήnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἔθουappointedVEI AMI2S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteτίθημι: meaning 'appointed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παρ'withP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπαρ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἐμοίIRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phrase→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἐμοί: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element linking or specifying a noun phrase.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπισκοπήoversightN1 NSF · ἐπισκοπήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἐπισκοπή: meaning 'oversight'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐφύλαξένguardedVAI AAI3S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteφυλάσσω: meaning 'guarded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause.
13
ταῦτα ἔχων ἐν σεαυτῷ οἶδα ὅτι πάντα δύνασαι ἀδυνατεῖ δέ σοι οὐθέν
Having these things within yourself, I know that you can do all things, and nothing is impossible for you.
Even in lament Job acknowledges God's unlimited power, which only deepens the difficulty of understanding his suffering.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἔχωνhavingV1 · παπνσμ ἔχωparticiple supporting the clause action→ circumstantial present participleπαπνσμ ἔχω: meaning 'having'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle supporting the clause action.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σεαυτῷfor yourselfRD DSM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form referring to the participant already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteσεαυτῷ: meaning 'for yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant already in view.
οἶδαI knowVX XAI1S · οἶδαmain verb introducing Mattathias's judgment→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteοἶδα: meaning 'I know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb introducing Mattathias's judgment.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
δύνασαιyou are ableV6 PMI2S · δύναμαιverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteδύναμαι: meaning 'you are able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀδυνατεῖis impossibleV2 PAI3S · ἀδυνατέωmain verb (rhetorical question: 'is it impossible?')→ gnomic present (general divine principle)ἀδυνατέω: meaning 'is impossible'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (rhetorical question: 'is it impossible?').
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οὐθένουδειςA3 NSN · οὐδείςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteοὐδείς: meaning 'ουδεις'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
14
ἐάν τε γὰρ ἁμάρτω φυλάσσεις με ἀπὸ δὲ ἀνομίας οὐκ ἀθῷόν με πεποίηκας
For if I sin, you watch me, and from lawlessness you have not declared me innocent.
Job begins to describe the no-win condition he feels under divine scrutiny.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐάνif / whatever mayC · ἐάνcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or item→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἐάν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεandX TEparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁμάρτωsinVB AAS1S · ἁμαρτάνωinfinitive complement within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'sin'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement within the clause.
φυλάσσειςyou watchV1 PAI2S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteφυλάσσω: meaning 'you watch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνομίαςlawlessnessN1A GSF · ἀνομίαnominal term functioning in a gen relation→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a gen relation.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀθῷόνinnocentA1 ASM · ἀθῷοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἀθῷος: meaning 'innocent'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
πεποίηκαςyou have madeVX XAI2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteποιέω: meaning 'you have made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
15
ἐάν τε γὰρ ἀσεβὴς ὦ οἴμμοι ἐάν τε ὦ δίκαιος οὐ δύναμαι ἀνακύψαι πλήρης γὰρ ἀτιμίας εἰμί
For if I am impious, woe is me; and if I am righteous, I cannot lift up my head, for I am full of dishonor.
Whether wicked or righteous, Job experiences only misery and shame rather than vindication.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἐάνif / whatever mayC · ἐάνcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or item→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἐάν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεandX TEparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβὴςungodlyA3H NSM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the proverb→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the proverb.
ὦI amV9 PAS1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteὦ: meaning 'I am'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἴμμοιalasI · οἴμμοιinterjection expressing grief and anguish→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteοἴμμοι: meaning 'alas'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐάνif / whatever mayC · ἐάνcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or item→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἐάν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεandX TEparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὦI amV9 PAS1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteὦ: meaning 'I am'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςadjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as adjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
δύναμαιI am ableV6 PMI1S · δύναμαιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present verbal form presenting ongoing or immediate actionδύναμαι: meaning 'I am able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ἀνακύψαιto lift upVA AAN · κύπτω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteκύπτω + ἀνα: meaning 'to lift up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλήρηςfullA3H NSM · πλήρηςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteπλήρης: meaning 'full'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀτιμίαςdishonorN1A GSF · ἀτιμίαgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἀτιμία: meaning 'dishonor'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
εἰμίI amV9 PAI1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteεἰμί: meaning 'I am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
16
ἀγρεύομαι γὰρ ὥσπερ λέων εἰς σφαγήν πάλιν δὲ μεταβαλὼν δεινῶς με ὀλέκεις
For I am hunted like a lion for slaughter, and then again, changing, you destroy me terribly.
The complaint turns fierce and predatory: Job feels stalked and violently ruined.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀγρεύομαιI am huntedV1 PPI1S · ἀγρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἀγρεύω: meaning 'I am hunted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
λέωνlionN3W NSM · λέωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteλέων: meaning 'lion'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σφαγήνslaughterN1 ASF · σφαγήaccusative nominal element functioning as object or complement within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteσφαγή: meaning 'slaughter'; it serves as accusative nominal element functioning as object or complement within the clause.
πάλινagainD · πάλινadverb or negative particle qualifying the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteπάλιν: meaning 'again'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεταβαλὼνhaving changedVB · ααπνσμ βάλλω + μεταcircumstantial participle modifying Δοσίθεος→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteααπνσμ βάλλω + μετα: meaning 'having changed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle modifying Δοσίθεος.
δεινῶςgrievouslyD · δεινῶςparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteδεινῶς: meaning 'grievously'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὀλέκειςyou destroyV1 PAI2S · ὀλέκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteὀλέκω: meaning 'you destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
ἐπανακαινίζων ἐπ' ἐμὲ τὴν ἔτασίν μου ὀργῇ δὲ μεγάλῃ μοι ἐχρήσω ἐπήγαγες δὲ ἐπ' ἐμὲ πειρατήρια
Renewing my examination against me, you used great wrath toward me, and you brought trials upon me.
Job sees his affliction as a repeated prosecution, each round intensified by anger and fresh testing.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἐπανακαινίζωνrenewingV1 · παπνσμ καινίζω + ἐπι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteπαπνσμ καινίζω + ἐπι + ἀνα: meaning 'renewing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔτασίνexaminationN3I ASF · ἔτασιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἔτασις: meaning 'examination'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὀργῇwith angerN1 DSF · ὀργήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteὀργή: meaning 'with anger'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεγάλῃgreatA1 DSF · μέγαςDative complement→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as Dative complement.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐχρήσωyou usedVAI AMI2S · χράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteχράω: meaning 'you used'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπήγαγεςyou brought onVBI AAI2S · ἄγω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ aorist indicative presenting the action as a completed wholeἄγω + ἐπι: meaning 'you brought on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
πειρατήριαtrialsN2N APN · πειρατήριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteπειρατήριον: meaning 'trials'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
18
ἵνα τί οὖν ἐκ κοιλίας με ἐξήγαγες καὶ οὐκ ἀπέθανον ὀφθαλμὸς δέ με οὐκ εἶδεν
Why then did you bring me out from the womb? Would that I had died and no eye had seen me.
The speech circles back to birth lament, questioning the purpose of being brought into such suffering.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἵναso thatC · ἵναcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhatRI NSN · τίςnominative or accusative interrogative element within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative or accusative interrogative element within the clause.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνinferential particle→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteοὖν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κοιλίαςbelly / wombN1A GSF · κοιλίαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteκοιλία: meaning 'belly'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐξήγαγεςekVBI AAI2S · ἄγω + ἐκfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἄγω + ἐκ: meaning 'ek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀπέθανονI had diedVBI AAI1S · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'I had died'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀφθαλμὸςeyeN2 NSM · ὀφθαλμόςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εἶδενsawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
19
καὶ ὥσπερ οὐκ ὢν ἐγενόμην διὰ τί γὰρ ἐκ γαστρὸς εἰς μνῆμα οὐκ ἀπηλλάγην
And I became as though I had not been; why was I not carried from the belly to the grave?
Job imagines nonexistence or immediate burial as better than the life he has received.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ὢνπαπνσμ εἰμίV9 · παπνσμ εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteπαπνσμ εἰμί: meaning 'παπνσμ εἰμί'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐγενόμηνI becameVBI AMI1S · γίγνομαιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteγίγνομαι: meaning 'I became'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γαστρὸςbellyN3 GSF · γαστήρgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteγαστήρ: meaning 'belly'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μνῆμαgraveN3M ASN · μνῆμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμνῆμα: meaning 'grave'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀπηλλάγηνI was carried awayVCI API1S · ἀλλάσσω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἀλλάσσω + ἀπο: meaning 'I was carried away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
20
ἦ οὐκ ὀλίγος ἐστὶν ὁ χρόνος τοῦ βίου μου ἔασόν με ἀναπαύσασθαι μικρὸν
Is not the time of my life short? Leave me, that I may rest a little,
After protest and lament, Job asks only for a small interval of relief.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἦsurelyD · ἦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἦ: meaning 'surely'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ὀλίγοςoligosA1 NSM · ὀλίγοςadjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteὀλίγος: meaning 'oligos'; it serves as adjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation.
ἐστὶνeimiV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ present of identificationεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρόνοςtimeN2 NSM · χρόνοςSubject of διῆλθεν.→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteχρόνος: meaning 'time'; it serves as Subject of διῆλθεν.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βίουpropertyN2 GSM · βίοςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteβίος: meaning 'property'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἔασόνleaveVA AAD2S · ἐάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteἐάω: meaning 'leave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀναπαύσασθαιto restVA AMN · παύω + ἀναinfinitive verbal form expressing dependent action or purpose→ aorist infinitiveπαύω + ἀνα: meaning 'to rest'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive verbal form expressing dependent action or purpose.
μικρὸνsmall / insignificantA1A ASN · μικρόςnominal element functioning within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμικρός: meaning 'small'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
21
πρὸ τοῦ με πορευθῆναι ὅθεν οὐκ ἀναστρέψω εἰς γῆν σκοτεινὴν καὶ γνοφεράν
before I go to where I shall not return, to a land dark and gloomy,
The little rest he seeks is set against the irreversible journey into the dark land of death.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition taking a complement within the phrase→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition taking a complement within the phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
πορευθῆναιto goVC APN · πορεύομαιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionπορεύομαι: meaning 'to go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ὅθενthereforeD · ὅθενadverbial modifier of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteὅθεν: meaning 'therefore'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀναστρέψωI returnVF FAI1S · στρέφω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteστρέφω + ἀνα: meaning 'I return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
σκοτεινὴνdarkA1 ASF · σκοτεινόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteσκοτεινός: meaning 'dark'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνοφεράνgloomyA1A ASF · γνοφερόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteγνοφερός: meaning 'gloomy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
22
εἰς γῆν σκότους αἰωνίου οὗ οὐκ ἔστιν φέγγος οὐδὲ ὁρᾶν ζωὴν βροτῶν
to a land of everlasting darkness, where there is no light, nor any seeing of the life of mortals.
The chapter ends by defining death as a realm beyond light and beyond the visible life of humankind.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
σκότουςof darknessN3E GSN · σκότοςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteσκότος: meaning 'of darkness'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
αἰωνίουeverlastingA1B GSN · αἰώνιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteαἰώνιος: meaning 'everlasting'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronoun in genitival dependence→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
φέγγοςbrightnessN3E NSN · φέγγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteφέγγος: meaning 'brightness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁρᾶνto seeV3 PAN · ὁράωinfinitive complement completing the governing verbal idea→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteὁράω: meaning 'to see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement completing the governing verbal idea.
ζωὴνlifeN1 ASF · ζωήnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
βροτῶνof mortalsN2 GPM · βροτόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ lament, accusation, and brief respiteβροτός: meaning 'of mortals'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.