1
ὑπολαβὼν δὲ Ιωβ λέγει
Then Job answered and said,
The verse frames Job's reply and marks the beginning of his answer to Bildad.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
ὑπολαβὼνsupposeVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ὑποparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ὑπο: meaning 'suppose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωβJobN NSM · Ιωβadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceΙωβ: meaning 'Job'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
2
ἐπ' ἀληθείας οἶδα ὅτι οὕτως ἐστίν πῶς γὰρ ἔσται δίκαιος βροτὸς παρὰ κυρίῳ
In truth I know that it is so; for how shall a mortal be righteous before the Lord?
Job grants the underlying premise that a human being cannot straightforwardly prove righteous before God.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀληθείαςtruthN1A GSF · ἀλήθειαgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
οἶδαI knowVX XAI1S · οἶδαmain verb introducing Mattathias's judgment→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceοἶδα: meaning 'I know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb introducing Mattathias's judgment.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ἐστίνbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ present of general truthεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
πῶςhowD · πῶςindeclinable element shaping the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceπῶς: meaning 'how'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςadjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as adjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation.
βροτὸςmortalN2 NSM · βροτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceβροτός: meaning 'mortal'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
3
ἐὰν γὰρ βούληται κριθῆναι αὐτῷ οὐ μὴ ὑπακούσῃ αὐτῷ ἵνα μὴ ἀντείπῃ πρὸς ἕνα λόγον αὐτοῦ ἐκ χιλίων
For if he should wish to enter into judgment with him, he would not answer him one word out of a thousand.
The reason for the thesis is legal helplessness: in a contest with God, the human party cannot reply adequately.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βούληταιwishV1 PMS3S · βούλομαιFinite verb / predicate→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceβούλομαι: meaning 'wish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
κριθῆναιto be judgedVC APN · κρίνωverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceκρίνω: meaning 'to be judged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ὑπακούσῃheedVA AAS3S · ἀκούω + ὑποmain verbal predicate of the proverb→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἀκούω + ὑπο: meaning 'heed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate of the proverb.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀντείπῃanswer backVB AAS3S · εἶπον + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceεἶπον + ἀντι: meaning 'answer back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἕναoneA3 ASM · εἷςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἕνα: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςcommon noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
χιλίωνa thousandA1A GPM · χίλιοιgenitive element qualifying another term or governed by a preposition→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceχιλίων: meaning 'a thousand'; here it marks the relation signaled by genitive element qualifying another term or governed by a preposition.
4
σοφὸς γάρ ἐστιν διανοίᾳ κραταιός τε καὶ μέγας τίς σκληρὸς γενόμενος ἐναντίον αὐτοῦ ὑπέμεινεν
For he is wise in mind, mighty and great; who has become hard against him and endured?
Job grounds the impossibility of reply in God's unmatched wisdom and force.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
σοφὸςwiseA1 NSM · σοφόςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
γάρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relation→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
διανοίᾳmind / understandingN1A DSF · διάνοιαdative term marking reference, means, manner, or location→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδιάνοια: meaning 'mind'; it serves as dative term marking reference, means, manner, or location.
κραταιόςstrongA1A NSM · κραταιόςnominal element functioning within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceκραταιός: meaning 'strong'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τεandX TEparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μέγαςgreatA1P NSM · μέγαςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
σκληρὸςhardA1A NSM · σκληρόςadjectival element qualifying the surrounding noun or phrase→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceσκληρός: meaning 'hard'; it serves as adjectival element qualifying the surrounding noun or phrase.
γενόμενοςhaving becomeVB · αμπνσμ γίγνομαιparticiple in agreement with Μωυσῆς (temporal/circumstantial: having grown up)→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceαμπνσμ γίγνομαι: meaning 'having become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle in agreement with Μωυσῆς (temporal/circumstantial: having grown up).
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὑπέμεινενenduredVAI AAI3S · μένω + ὑποverbal element expressing action, process, or state within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμένω + ὑπο: meaning 'endured'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element expressing action, process, or state within the clause.
5
ὁ παλαιῶν ὄρη καὶ οὐκ οἴδασιν ὁ καταστρέφων αὐτὰ ὀργῇ
He is the one who wears away mountains, and they do not know it, the one who overturns them in anger,
The chapter now unfolds God's power through a sequence of cosmic descriptions beginning with mountains.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παλαιῶνwearing awayV4 · παπγπμ παλαιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceπαπγπμ παλαιόω: meaning 'wearing away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὄρηmountainN3E APN · ὄροςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
οἴδασινknowVX XAI3P · οἶδαmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceοἶδα: meaning 'know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταστρέφωνoverturningV1 · παπνσμ στρέφω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceπαπνσμ στρέφω + κατα: meaning 'overturning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὰ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ὀργῇwith angerN1 DSF · ὀργήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceὀργή: meaning 'with anger'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
6
ὁ σείων τὴν ὑπ' οὐρανὸν ἐκ θεμελίων οἱ δὲ στῦλοι αὐτῆς σαλεύονται
the one who shakes the earth under heaven from its foundations, and its pillars totter,
The portrayal moves from mountains to the very foundations of the inhabited earth.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σείωνshakingV1 · παπνσμ σείωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceπαπνσμ σείω: meaning 'shaking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπ'byP · ὑπόpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceὑπ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
θεμελίωνfoundationN2N GPN · θεμέλιονgenitive term expressing possession, source, relation, or description→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceθεμέλιον: meaning 'foundation'; it serves as genitive term expressing possession, source, relation, or description.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στῦλοιpillarsN2 NPM · στῦλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceστῦλος: meaning 'pillars'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
σαλεύονταιtotterV1 PAI3P · σαλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceσαλεύω: meaning 'totter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
ὁ λέγων τῷ ἡλίῳ καὶ οὐκ ἀνατέλλει κατὰ δὲ ἄστρων κατασφραγίζει
the one who speaks to the sun, and it does not rise, and who seals up the stars,
God's sovereignty extends over the regular lights of the heavens themselves.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal action in summary styleπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡλίῳhelioN2 DSM · ἥλιοςnominal term functioning in a dat relation→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἥλιος: meaning 'helio'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a dat relation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀνατέλλειrisesV1 PAI3S · τέλλω + ἀναverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceτέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'rises'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄστρωνstarN2N GPN · ἄστρονgenitival dependent within the phrase→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἄστρον: meaning 'star'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
κατασφραγίζειseals upV1 PAI3S · σφραγίζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceσφραγίζω + κατα: meaning 'seals up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
8
ὁ τανύσας τὸν οὐρανὸν μόνος καὶ περιπατῶν ὡς ἐπ' ἐδάφους ἐπὶ θαλάσσης
the one who stretched out heaven alone and walks upon the sea as on solid ground,
The imagery intensifies by combining creation and mastery over the unruly sea.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τανύσαςstretching outVA · ααπνσμ τανύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceααπνσμ τανύω: meaning 'stretching out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
μόνοςaloneA1 NSM · μόνοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμόνος: meaning 'alone'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιπατῶνwalking aboutV2 · παπνσμ πατέω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceπαπνσμ πατέω + περι: meaning 'walking about'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐδάφουςgroundN3E GSN · ἔδαφοςgenitival modifier within the phrase or clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἔδαφος: meaning 'ground'; it serves as genitival modifier within the phrase or clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
θαλάσσηςseaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
9
ὁ ποιῶν Πλειάδα καὶ ἕσπερον καὶ ἀρκτοῦρον καὶ ταμίεια νότου
the one who made the Pleiades and the evening star and Arcturus and the chambers of the south,
Job names constellations and remote heavenly regions to stress God's cosmic reach.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιῶνdoing / workingV2 · παπνσμ ποιέωsubstantival/attributive participle ('the one who does wonders')→ imperfective present participle (habitual practice)παπνσμ ποιέω: meaning 'doing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as substantival/attributive participle ('the one who does wonders').
ΠλειάδαPleiadesN3D APF · Πλειάςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceΠλειάδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕσπερονevening starN2 ASM · ἕσπεροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἕσπερος: meaning 'evening star'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀρκτοῦρονArcturusN2 ASM · ἀρκτοῦροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἀρκτοῦρος: meaning 'Arcturus'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταμίειαinner chamberN2N APN · ταμιεῖονaccusative element functioning as object, goal, or extent within the proverb→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceταμιεῖον: meaning 'inner chamber'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, goal, or extent within the proverb.
νότουsouthN2 GSM · νότοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceνότος: meaning 'south'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
10
ὁ ποιῶν μεγάλα καὶ ἀνεξιχνίαστα ἔνδοξά τε καὶ ἐξαίσια ὧν οὐκ ἔστιν ἀριθμός
the one who does great and unsearchable things, glorious and astonishing things without number.
The catalogue pauses in a summary statement about the immeasurable scale of God's acts.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιῶνdoing / workingV2 · παπνσμ ποιέωsubstantival/attributive participle ('the one who does wonders')→ imperfective present participle (habitual practice)παπνσμ ποιέω: meaning 'doing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as substantival/attributive participle ('the one who does wonders').
μεγάλαgreat thingsA1P APN · μέγαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμέγας: meaning 'great things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνεξιχνίασταunsearchableA1B APN · ἀνεξιχνίαστοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἀνεξιχνίαστος: meaning 'unsearchable'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔνδοξάglorious thingsA1B APN · ἔνδοξοςadjectival element qualifying the surrounding noun or phrase→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἔνδοξος: meaning 'glorious things'; it serves as adjectival element qualifying the surrounding noun or phrase.
τεandX TEparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαίσιαastonishingA1B APN · ἐξαίσιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἐξαίσιος: meaning 'astonishing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὧνwhich thingsRR GPN · ὅςrelative form linking the clause to its antecedent→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceὅς: meaning 'which things'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἀριθμόςnumberN2 NSM · ἀριθμόςcommon noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἀριθμός: meaning 'number'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
11
ἐὰν ὑπερβῇ με οὐ μὴ ἴδω καὶ ἐὰν παρέλθῃ με οὐδ' ὧς ἔγνων
If he should pass over me, I shall not see him; and if he should go by me, I would not know it.
The hymn turns personal: the sovereign God remains inaccessible even when he is near.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ὑπερβῇpass overVZ AAS3S · βαίνω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceβαίνω + ὑπερ: meaning 'pass over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἴδωseeVB AAS1S · ὁράωmain or subordinate verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main or subordinate verbal form carrying the clause forward.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
παρέλθῃpass byVB AAS3S · ἔρχομαι + παραverbal form carrying the action or dependent verbal sense of the clause→ aorist active subjunctiveἔρχομαι + παρα: meaning 'pass by'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or dependent verbal sense of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οὐδ'not evenC · οὐδέconnective or particle shaping the clause relation→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceοὐδ': meaning 'not even'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὧςat allD · ὥςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceὧς: meaning 'at all'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔγνωνγιγνώσκωVZI AAI1S · γιγνώσκωfinite verb advancing the clause→ perfectiveγιγνώσκω: meaning 'γιγνώσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
12
ἐὰν ἀπαλλάξῃ τίς ἀποστρέψει ἢ τίς ἐρεῖ αὐτῷ τί ἐποίησας
If he should take something away, who will turn him back? Or who will say to him, 'What have you done?'
God's hiddenness is matched by the impossibility of calling him to account.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ἀπαλλάξῃtake awayVA AAS3S · ἀλλάσσω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἀλλάσσω + ἀπο: meaning 'take away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀποστρέψειto returnVF FAI3S · στρέφω + ἀποinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'to return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐρεῖsayVF2 FAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐποίησαςdo / makeVAI AAI2S · ποιέωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
13
αὐτὸς γὰρ ἀπέστραπται ὀργήν ὑπ' αὐτοῦ ἐκάμφθησαν κήτη τὰ ὑπ' οὐρανόν
For he himself has turned away wrath; beneath him the sea-monsters under heaven were bent low.
Even the mighty powers beneath heaven are pictured as bowing under God's rule.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστραπταιhas been turned awayVP XMI3S · στρέφω + ἀποfinite verb carrying the clause's main action or assertion→ perfect middle/passiveστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'has been turned away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb carrying the clause's main action or assertion.
ὀργήνὀργήN1 ASF · ὀργήObject / complement→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceὀργή: meaning 'ὀργή'; it serves as Object / complement.
ὑπ'byP · ὑπόpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceὑπ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐκάμφθησανwere bent lowVCI API3P · κάμπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceκάμπτω: meaning 'were bent low'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κήτηsea creaturesN3E NPN · κῆτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceκῆτος: meaning 'sea creatures'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπ'byP · ὑπόpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceὑπ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
οὐρανόνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
14
ἐὰν δέ μου ὑπακούσηται ἦ διακρινεῖ τὰ ῥήματά μου
How then, if he should listen to me, would he sift my words?
Job draws the practical conclusion: divine majesty makes the prospect of a hearing feel impossible.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὑπακούσηταιlistenVA AMS3S · ἀκούω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἀκούω + ὑπο: meaning 'listen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἦsurelyD · ἦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἦ: meaning 'surely'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διακρινεῖwill siftVF2 FAI3S · κρίνω + διαmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, question, or reflection→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceκρίνω + δια: meaning 'will sift'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, question, or reflection.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματάwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαsubject of καταβήτω→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as subject of καταβήτω.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
15
ἐάν τε γὰρ ὦ δίκαιος οὐκ εἰσακούσεταί μου τοῦ κρίματος αὐτοῦ δεηθήσομαι
For even if I were righteous, he would not hear me; I would plead with him for his judgment.
Even hypothetical righteousness would not give Job confidence that he could obtain a just hearing.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐάνif / whatever mayC · ἐάνcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or item→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἐάν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεandX TEparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὦwereV9 PAS1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceὦ: meaning 'were'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςadjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as adjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εἰσακούσεταίwill hearVF FMI3S · ἀκούω + εἰςfinite verbal form carrying the clause action or assertion→ future indicativeἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'will hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form carrying the clause action or assertion.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίματοςjudgmentN3M GSN · κρίμαgenitive dependent within the phrase→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as genitive dependent within the phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
δεηθήσομαιI will entreatVC FPI1S · δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδέω: meaning 'I will entreat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
16
ἐάν τε καλέσω καὶ ὑπακούσῃ οὐ πιστεύω ὅτι εἰσακήκοέν μου
And if I should call and he should answer, I do not believe that he has listened to my voice,
Job's distrust runs so deep that even an answer would not assure him of real hearing.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐάνif / whatever mayC · ἐάνcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or item→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἐάν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεandX TEparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καλέσωcallVA AAS1S · καλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceκαλέω: meaning 'call'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπακούσῃheedVA AAS3S · ἀκούω + ὑποmain verbal predicate of the proverb→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἀκούω + ὑπο: meaning 'heed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate of the proverb.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
πιστεύωbelieveV1 PAI1S · πιστεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceπιστεύω: meaning 'believe'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσακήκοένhas heardVX XAI3S · ἀκούω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'has heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
17
μὴ γνόφῳ με ἐκτρίψῃ πολλὰ δέ μου τὰ συντρίμματα πεποίηκεν διὰ κενῆς
for he might crush me in gloom, and he has multiplied my shatterings without cause.
The possibility of hearing collapses back into Job's experience of unexplained crushing.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
γνόφῳgloomN2 DSM · γνόφοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceγνόφος: meaning 'gloom'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐκτρίψῃcrush utterlyVA AAS3S · τρίβω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceτρίβω + ἐκ: meaning 'crush utterly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πολλὰmuchA1 APN · πολύςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συντρίμματαshatteringsN3M APN · σύντριμμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceσύντριμμα: meaning 'shatterings'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πεποίηκενhas madeVX XAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceποιέω: meaning 'has made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κενῆςcauseA1 GSF · κενόςgenitive substantive completing the idiom→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceκενός: meaning 'cause'; it serves as genitive substantive completing the idiom.
18
οὐκ ἐᾷ γάρ με ἀναπνεῦσαι ἐνέπλησεν δέ με πικρίας
For he does not let me catch my breath, but he has filled me with bitterness.
Job describes his affliction as continuous and choking, without relief.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐᾷallowsV3 PAI3S · ἐάωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἐάω: meaning 'allows'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
γάρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relation→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀναπνεῦσαιbreathe againVA AAN · πνέω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceπνέω + ἀνα: meaning 'breathe again'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνέπλησενfillVAI AAI3S · πίμπλημι + ἐνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'fill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
πικρίαςbitternessN1A GSF · πικρίαgenitive nominal qualifying another element or marking relation→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceπικρία: meaning 'bitterness'; it serves as genitive nominal qualifying another element or marking relation.
19
ὅτι μὲν γὰρ ἰσχύι κρατεῖ τίς οὖν κρίματι αὐτοῦ ἀντιστήσεται
For if it is a matter of strength, he is mighty; and if it is a matter of judgment, who will withstand him?
Whether the issue is raw power or juridical procedure, Job sees no human counterweight to God.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὲνindeedX · μένparticle or connective shaping the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
κρατεῖprevailV2 PAI3S · κρατέωmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceκρατέω: meaning 'prevail'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνinferential particle→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceοὖν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρίματιcustom / mannerN3M DSN · κρίμαdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceκρίμα: meaning 'custom'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀντιστήσεταιἵστημι + ἀντιVF FMI3S · ἵστημι + ἀντιFinite verb / predicate→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἵστημι + ἀντι: meaning 'ἵστημι + ἀντι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
20
ἐὰν γὰρ ὦ δίκαιος τὸ στόμα μου ἀσεβήσει ἐάν τε ὦ ἄμεμπτος σκολιὸς ἀποβήσομαι
For if I should be righteous, my mouth will condemn me; and if I should be blameless, I shall turn out crooked.
The logic of self-defense collapses: speech itself becomes self-condemnation.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὦwereV9 PAS1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceὦ: meaning 'were'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςadjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as adjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόμαmouthN3M NSN · στόμαsubject or predicate element within the saying→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as subject or predicate element within the saying.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀσεβήσειwill condemn as ungodlyVF FAI3S · ἀσεβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἀσεβέω: meaning 'will condemn as ungodly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐάνif / whatever mayC · ἐάνcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or item→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἐάν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεandX TEparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὦwereV9 PAS1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceὦ: meaning 'were'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄμεμπτοςblamelessA1B NSM · ἄμεμπτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἄμεμπτος: meaning 'blameless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause.
σκολιὸςcrookedA1A NSM · σκολιόςnominal element functioning within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceσκολιός: meaning 'crooked'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἀποβήσομαιI shall proveVF FMI1S · βαίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceβαίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'I shall prove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
21
εἴτε γὰρ ἠσέβησα οὐκ οἶδα τῇ ψυχῇ πλὴν ὅτι ἀφαιρεῖταί μου ἡ ζωή
Whether I have acted ungodly or not, I do not know in my soul, except that my life is being taken from me.
Job's interior bewilderment resolves only in the felt fact that life is being removed from him.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εἴτεwhetherC · εἴτεconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceεἴτε: meaning 'whether'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠσέβησαI acted ungodlyVAI AAI1S · ἀσεβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἀσεβέω: meaning 'I acted ungodly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
οἶδαI knowVX XAI1S · οἶδαmain verb introducing Mattathias's judgment→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceοἶδα: meaning 'I know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb introducing Mattathias's judgment.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχῇsoulN1 DSF · ψυχήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
πλὴνexceptD · πλήνpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceπλὴν: meaning 'except'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφαιρεῖταίis taking awayV2 PPI3S · αἱρέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceαἱρέω + ἀπο: meaning 'is taking away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζωήlifeN1 NSF · ζωήsubject naming the remnant existence now questioned→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as subject naming the remnant existence now questioned.
22
διὸ εἶπον μέγαν καὶ δυνάστην ἀπολλύει ὀργή
Therefore I said, 'Wrath destroys both the great man and the mighty one.'
Job states the grim conclusion that divine wrath sweeps away the strong as well as the weak.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
διὸthereforeC · διόconnector linking clauses or phrases→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδιό: meaning 'therefore'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
εἶπονI saidVBI AAI1S · εἶπονfinite verbal element carrying the clause action or state→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'I said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action or state.
μέγανmeganA1 ASM · μέγαςadjectival or numerical term functioning in a acc relation→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμέγας: meaning 'megan'; it serves as adjectival or numerical term functioning in a acc relation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δυνάστηνsovereignN1M ASM · δυνάστηςaccusative element functioning within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδυνάστης: meaning 'sovereign'; it serves as accusative element functioning within the clause.
ἀπολλύει+ apoV5 PAI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning '+ apo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ὀργήorgeN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceὀργή: meaning 'orge'; it serves as nominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate.
23
ὅτι φαῦλοι ἐν θανάτῳ ἐξαισίῳ ἀλλὰ δίκαιοι καταγελῶνται
For the base die in sudden death, but the righteous are laughed to scorn.
The world as Job sees it is morally disordered: death and mockery do not track desert.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φαῦλοιbase peopleA1 NPM · φαῦλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceφαῦλος: meaning 'base people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
θανάτῳdeathN2 DSM · θάνατοςnominal term functioning as a dative complement→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a dative complement.
ἐξαισίῳsuddenA1B DSM · ἐξαίσιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἐξαίσιος: meaning 'sudden'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunction→ coordinationἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δίκαιοιrighteousA1A NPM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the proverb→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the proverb.
καταγελῶνταιare mockedV3 PMI3P · γελάω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceγελάω + κατα: meaning 'are mocked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
24
παραδέδονται γὰρ εἰς χεῖρας ἀσεβοῦς πρόσωπα κριτῶν αὐτῆς συγκαλύπτει εἰ δὲ μὴ αὐτός τίς ἐστιν
For the earth has been handed over into the hands of the ungodly; he covers the faces of its judges. And if it is not he, who is it?
Job radicalizes the complaint by describing public judgment itself as obscured under wicked power.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
παραδέδονταιhave been handed overVM XPI3P · δίδωμι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'have been handed over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
ἀσεβοῦςof the ungodlyA3H GSM · ἀσεβήςgenitival modifier within the phrase→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitival modifier within the phrase.
πρόσωπαfacesN2N APN · πρόσωπονdirect object of δείξητε→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceπρόσωπον: meaning 'faces'; it serves as direct object of δείξητε.
κριτῶνjudgeN1M GPM · κριτήςgenitive dependent→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceκριτής: meaning 'judge'; it serves as genitive dependent.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
συγκαλύπτειcovers overV1 PAI3S · καλύπτω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceκαλύπτω + συν: meaning 'covers over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
αὐτόςhisRD NSM · αὐτόςpronoun→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceαὐτός: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
25
ὁ δὲ βίος μού ἐστιν ἐλαφρότερος δρομέως ἀπέδρασαν καὶ οὐκ εἴδοσαν
But my life is swifter than a runner; it has fled away, and it has not seen good.
Job turns from courtroom impossibility to the brevity of his own days, lamenting how quickly life vanishes.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βίοςlifeN2 NSM · βίοςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceβίος: meaning 'life'; it serves as nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
μούmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element marking reference, possession, interrogation, or subordination→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμού: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, interrogation, or subordination.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ἐλαφρότεροςlighter / swifterA1 NSMC · ἐλαφρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἐλαφρός: meaning 'lighter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δρομέωςrunnerN3V GSM · δρομεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδρομεύς: meaning 'runner'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπέδρασανfled awayVBI AAI3P · διδράσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδιδράσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'fled away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εἴδοσανoraoVBI AAI3P · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationὁράω: meaning 'orao'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
26
ἦ καὶ ἔστιν ναυσὶν ἴχνος ὁδοῦ ἢ ἀετοῦ πετομένου ζητοῦντος βοράν
Or is there any track of a ship's course, or of an eagle flying as it seeks prey?
The lament deepens through images of motion that leave no trace behind.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἦsurelyD · ἦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἦ: meaning 'surely'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ναυσὶνshipsN3 DPF · ναῦςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceναῦς: meaning 'ships'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἴχνοςfootprint / soleN3E NSN · ἴχνοςpredicate (with ὡς: comparison)→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἴχνος: meaning 'footprint'; it serves as predicate (with ὡς: comparison).
ὁδοῦroadN2 GSF · ὁδόςgenitive object of ἐκ (the way departed from)→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceὁδός: meaning 'road'; it serves as genitive object of ἐκ (the way departed from).
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀετοῦof an eagleN2 GSM · ἀετόςgenitive element marking relation, possession, source, or description within the phrase→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἀετός: meaning 'of an eagle'; it serves as genitive element marking relation, possession, source, or description within the phrase.
πετομένουflyingV1 · πμπγσμ πέτομαιparticipial verbal form characterizing the subject or supplying attendant circumstance→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceπμπγσμ πέτομαι: meaning 'flying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form characterizing the subject or supplying attendant circumstance.
ζητοῦντοςseekingV2 · παπγσμ ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceπαπγσμ ζητέω: meaning 'seeking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βοράνprey / foodN1A ASF · βοράaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceβορά: meaning 'prey'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
27
ἐάν τε γὰρ εἴπω ἐπιλήσομαι λαλῶν συγκύψας τῷ προσώπῳ στενάξω
For if I say, 'I will forget as I speak,' then having bowed down my face I will groan,
Job imagines trying to lay aside his complaint, yet the result is only fresh sorrow.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐάνif / whatever mayC · ἐάνcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or item→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἐάν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεandX TEparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴπωI tell / sayVB AAS1S · εἶπονverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceεἶπον: meaning 'I tell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clause.
ἐπιλήσομαιI will forgetVF FMI1S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'I will forget'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λαλῶνspeakingV2 · παπνσμ λαλέωparticiple contributing verbal aspect while modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the clause→ participial verbal form expressing action in relation to a nearby substantive or clauseπαπνσμ λαλέω: meaning 'speaking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing verbal aspect while modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the clause.
συγκύψαςhaving bowed downVA · ααπνσμ κύπτω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceααπνσμ κύπτω + συν: meaning 'having bowed down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσώπῳof faceN2N DSN · πρόσωπονdative of respect (with ἀναιδές)→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceπρόσωπον: meaning 'of face'; it serves as dative of respect (with ἀναιδές).
στενάξωI will groanVF FAI1S · στενάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceστενάζω: meaning 'I will groan'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
28
σείομαι πᾶσιν τοῖς μέλεσιν οἶδα γὰρ ὅτι οὐκ ἀθῷόν με ἐάσεις
I tremble in all my members, for I know that you will not leave me innocent.
The inward shaking comes from Job's conviction that God will not simply clear him.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
σείομαιI tremble / am shakenV1 PMI1S · σείωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceσείω: meaning 'I tremble'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶσινallA3 DPN · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέλεσινlimbN3E DPN · μέλοςdative element functioning within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμέλος: meaning 'limb'; it serves as dative element functioning within the clause.
οἶδαI knowVX XAI1S · οἶδαmain verb introducing Mattathias's judgment→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceοἶδα: meaning 'I know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb introducing Mattathias's judgment.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀθῷόνinnocentA1 ASM · ἀθῷοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἀθῷος: meaning 'innocent'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐάσειςyou will permit / leaveVF FAI2S · ἐάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἐάω: meaning 'you will permit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
29
ἐπειδὴ δέ εἰμι ἀσεβής διὰ τί οὐκ ἀπέθανον
But since I am ungodly, why have I not died?
Job voices the extremity of his despair by asking why death did not overtake him already.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἐπειδὴἐπειδὴC · ἐπειδήconnective or particle linking the argument→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἐπειδὴ: meaning 'ἐπειδὴ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardεἰμί: meaning 'am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ἀσεβήςungodlyA3H NSM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀπέθανονI diedVBI AAI1S · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'I died'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
30
ἐὰν γὰρ ἀπολούσωμαι χιόνι καὶ ἀποκαθάρωμαι χερσὶν καθαραῖς
For even if I should wash myself with snow and cleanse myself with pure hands,
He concedes the strongest imaginable act of self-cleansing only to show that it cannot secure acquittal.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπολούσωμαιI should wash myselfVA AMS1S · λούω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceλούω + ἀπο: meaning 'I should wash myself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χιόνιsnowN3N DSF · χιώνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceχιών: meaning 'snow'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποκαθάρωμαιI should cleanse myself thoroughlyVA AMS1S · αἴρω + ἀπο + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceαἴρω + ἀπο + κατα: meaning 'I should cleanse myself thoroughly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χερσὶνhandN3 DPF · χείρdative complement within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
καθαραῖςpureA1A DPF · καθαρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceκαθαρός: meaning 'pure'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
31
ἱκανῶς ἐν ῥύπῳ με ἔβαψας ἐβδελύξατο δέ με ἡ στολή
you would sufficiently plunge me into filth, and my very garment would abhor me.
The imagined cleansing ends in reversal: God would still cast Job back into defilement.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἱκανῶςconsiderablyD · ἱκανῶςadverb modifying ἐρρωμένων→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἱκανῶς: meaning 'considerably'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ῥύπῳfilthN2 DSM · ῥύποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceῥύπος: meaning 'filth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἔβαψαςyou plungedVAI AAI2S · βάπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceβάπτω: meaning 'you plunged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐβδελύξατοabhorredVAI AMI3S · βδελύσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceβδελύσσω: meaning 'abhorred'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολήgarment / robeN1 NSF · στολήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceστολή: meaning 'garment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
32
οὐ γὰρ εἶ ἄνθρωπος κατ' ἐμέ ᾧ ἀντικρινοῦμαι ἵνα ἔλθωμεν ὁμοθυμαδὸν εἰς κρίσιν
For you are not a man like me, with whom I might answer back, so that we should come together to judgment.
Job explains why cleansing is futile: God is not a peer who can be met on equal legal terms.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoing or immediateεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
κατ'againstP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατ': meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐμέegoRP AS · ἐγώaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἐμέ: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ᾧwhichRR DSM · ὅςdative complement within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceᾧ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative complement within the clause.
ἀντικρινοῦμαιI will contend in judgmentVF2 FMI1S · κρίνω + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceκρίνω + ἀντι: meaning 'I will contend in judgment'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλθωμενthey cameVB AAS1P · ἔρχομαιmain verb (subject: the people)→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἔρχομαι: meaning 'they came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (subject: the people).
ὁμοθυμαδὸνwith one accordD · ὁμοθυμαδόνparticle or discourse marker shaping the flow of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceὁμοθυμαδὸν: meaning 'with one accord'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
33
εἴθε ἦν ὁ μεσίτης ἡμῶν καὶ ἐλέγχων καὶ διακούων ἀνὰ μέσον ἀμφοτέρων
If only there were our mediator, one who reproves and listens between us both.
The speech reaches its longing center in the desire for an arbiter able to stand between God and Job.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εἴθεif onlyI · εἴθεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceεἴθε: meaning 'if only'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεσίτηςmediator / arbiterN1M NSM · μεσίτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμεσίτης: meaning 'mediator'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλέγχωνreprovingV1 · παπνσμ ἐλέγχωparticiple modifying the clause or noun with verbal force→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceπαπνσμ ἐλέγχω: meaning 'reproving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause or noun with verbal force.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διακούωνhearing through / listeningV1 · παπνσμ ἀκούω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceπαπνσμ ἀκούω + δια: meaning 'hearing through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνὰbetweenP · ἀνάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀνὰ: meaning 'between'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASN · μέσοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
ἀμφοτέρωνof bothA1A GPM · ἀμφότεροιnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἀμφότεροι: meaning 'of both'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
34
ἀπαλλαξάτω ἀπ' ἐμοῦ τὴν ῥάβδον ὁ δὲ φόβος αὐτοῦ μή με στροβείτω
Let him remove his rod from me, and let not his fear throw me into confusion.
Job states what the mediator's intervention would accomplish: the rod removed and terror quieted.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀπαλλαξάτωlet him removeVA AAD3S · ἀλλάσσω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἀλλάσσω + ἀπο: meaning 'let him remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥάβδονscepterN2 ASF · ῥάβδοςdirect object / accusative complement→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceῥάβδος: meaning 'scepter'; it serves as direct object / accusative complement.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
μήnotD · μήadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relation→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμή: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
στροβείτωthrow into confusion / terrifyV2 PAD3S · στροβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceστροβέω: meaning 'throw into confusion'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
35
καὶ οὐ μὴ φοβηθῶ ἀλλὰ λαλήσω οὐ γὰρ οὕτω συνεπίσταμαι
And then I would not be afraid, but I would speak; for I do not stand thus within myself.
Freed from terror, Job says he could finally speak plainly, unlike his present condition.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
φοβηθῶfearVC APS1S · φοβέωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceφοβέω: meaning 'fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunction→ coordinationἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαλήσωI will speakVF FAI1S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ predictive future (the speech-act about to begin)λαλέω: meaning 'I will speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or command of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὕτωthusD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier qualifying manner, time, degree, or discourse flow→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceοὕτω: meaning 'thus'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
συνεπίσταμαιI know inwardly / stand thus within myselfV6 PMI1S · ἵσταμαι + συν + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἵσταμαι + συν + ἐπι: meaning 'I know inwardly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.