1
ὑπολαβὼν δὲ Βαλδαδ ὁ Σαυχίτης λέγει
Then Bildad the Shuhite responded and said,
Bildad enters as the second friend, taking up Job's complaint with an answering speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ὑπολαβὼνtaking upVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ὑποmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing Bildad's theological caseὑπολαβὼν: aorist participle of ὑπολαμβάνω, often used in dialogue to mean 'take up in reply' or 'answer in turn.'
δὲbutX · δέconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastδὲ: rendered here as 'but' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ΒαλδαδBildadN NSM · Βαλδαδsupporting nominal or helper element functioning according to its local form and phrase relation→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineΒαλδαδ: rendered here as 'Bildad' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineὁ: rendered here as 'the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ΣαυχίτηςShuhiteN1M NSM · Σαυχίτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineΣαυχίτης: rendered here as 'Shuhite' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing Bildad's theological caseλέγει: rendered here as 'says' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
2
μέχρι τίνος λαλήσεις ταῦτα πνεῦμα πολυρῆμον τοῦ στόματός σου
How long will you say these things, while the breath of your mouth is a mighty wind?
He opens with a sharp challenge, dismissing Job's words as blustering breath rather than sober truth.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
μέχριuntilP · μέχριpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as direction, sphere, source, or comparison→ interrogative or emphatic particle pressing Bildad's challengeμέχρι: rendered here as 'until' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
τίνοςhow longRI GSN · τίςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ interrogative or emphatic particle pressing Bildad's challengeτίνος: rendered here as 'how long' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
λαλήσειςwill you speakVF FAI2S · λαλέωmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ future-oriented assertion or promise within Bildad's argumentλαλήσεις: rendered here as 'will you speak' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineταῦτα: rendered here as 'these things' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
πνεῦμαbreathN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineπνεῦμα: rendered here as 'breath' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
πολυρῆμονfull of many wordsA3 NSN · πολυρρήμωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineπολυρῆμον: adjective meaning 'full of many words'; Bildad uses it pejoratively for speech he considers windy and excessive.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineτοῦ: rendered here as 'of the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
στόματόςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineστόματός: rendered here as 'mouth' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineσου: rendered here as 'your' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
3
μὴ ὁ κύριος ἀδικήσει κρίνων ἢ ὁ τὰ πάντα ποιήσας ταράξει τὸ δίκαιον
Will the Lord pervert judgment, or will the one who made all things overturn what is right?
Bildad frames the issue as impossible: the creator and judge of all cannot act unjustly.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
μὴsurely notD · μήparticle or adverb shaping negation, interrogation, emphasis, or temporal nuance→ interrogative or emphatic particle pressing Bildad's challengeμὴ: rendered here as 'surely not' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineὁ: rendered here as 'the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἀδικήσειwill do wrongVF FAI3S · ἀδικέωmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ future-oriented assertion or promise within Bildad's argumentἀδικήσει: future of ἀδικέω, 'do wrong' or 'act unjustly'; it frames Bildad's denial that God can violate justice.
κρίνωνwhile judgingV1 · παπνσμ κρίνωparticiple modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the main verbal idea→ participial nuance adding attendant action, state, or characterizationκρίνων: rendered here as 'while judging' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἢorC · ἤconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastἢ: rendered here as 'or' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineὁ: rendered here as 'the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineτὰ: rendered here as 'the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
πάνταall thingsA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineπάντα: rendered here as 'all things' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ποιήσαςhaving madeVA · ααπνσμ ποιέωmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing Bildad's theological caseποιήσας: rendered here as 'having made' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ταράξειwill overturnVF FAI3S · ταράσσωmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ future-oriented assertion or promise within Bildad's argumentταράξει: future of ταράσσω, 'trouble' or 'overturn'; here it means to upset what is justly established.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineτὸ: rendered here as 'the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
δίκαιονwhat is rightA1A ASN · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineδίκαιον: rendered here as 'what is right' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
4
εἰ οἱ υἱοί σου ἥμαρτον ἐναντίον αὐτοῦ ἀπέστειλεν ἐν χειρὶ ἀνομίας αὐτῶν
If your sons sinned before him, he gave them over into the hand of their lawlessness.
He applies that premise brutally to Job's children, reading their death as the direct fruit of sin.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastεἰ: rendered here as 'if' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineοἱ: rendered here as 'the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
υἱοίsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineυἱοί: rendered here as 'sons' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineσου: rendered here as 'your' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἥμαρτονsinnedVBI AAI3P · ἁμαρτάνωmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing Bildad's theological caseἥμαρτον: rendered here as 'sinned' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἐναντίονbeforeP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as direction, sphere, source, or comparison→ relational term specifying the phrase's direction, source, or sphereἐναντίον: rendered here as 'before' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineαὐτοῦ: rendered here as 'him' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἀπέστειλενhe sent awayVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing Bildad's theological caseἀπέστειλεν: rendered here as 'he sent away' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as direction, sphere, source, or comparison→ relational term specifying the phrase's direction, source, or sphereἐν: rendered here as 'in' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative element marking sphere, means, recipient, or location→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineχειρὶ: rendered here as 'hand' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἀνομίαςlawlessnessN1A GSF · ἀνομίαgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineἀνομίας: rendered here as 'lawlessness' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineαὐτῶν: rendered here as 'their' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
5
σὺ δὲ ὄρθριζε πρὸς κύριον παντοκράτορα δεόμενος
But you, rise early to the Lord Almighty and make your plea.
The speech turns from accusation toward counsel: Job must seek God urgently and prayerfully.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
σὺyouRP NS · σύnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineσὺ: rendered here as 'you' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
δὲbutX · δέconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastδὲ: rendered here as 'but' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ὄρθριζεrise earlyV1 PAD2S · ὀρθρίζωmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ imperative appeal urging Job toward action or inquiryὄρθριζε: present imperative, 'rise early' or 'seek diligently,' conveying urgency in turning toward God.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as direction, sphere, source, or comparison→ relational term specifying the phrase's direction, source, or sphereπρὸς: rendered here as 'to' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineκύριον: rendered here as 'Lord' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
παντοκράτοραAlmightyN3R ASM · παντοκράτωρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineπαντοκράτορα: title 'Almighty,' emphasizing God's universal rule and power in Bildad's exhortation.
δεόμενοςmaking supplicationV2 · πμπνσμ δέωparticiple modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the main verbal idea→ participial nuance adding attendant action, state, or characterizationδεόμενος: rendered here as 'making supplication' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
6
εἰ καθαρὸς εἶ καὶ ἀληθινός δεήσεως ἐπακούσεταί σου ἀποκαταστήσει δέ σοι δίαιταν δικαιοσύνης
If you are pure and true, he will surely listen to your supplication and restore to you a habitation of righteousness.
If Job is genuinely pure, God will hear and restore him to a rightly ordered life.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastεἰ: rendered here as 'if' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
καθαρὸςpureA1A NSM · καθαρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineκαθαρὸς: rendered here as 'pure' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
εἶyou areV9 PAI2S · εἰμίmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing Bildad's theological caseεἶ: rendered here as 'you are' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastκαὶ: rendered here as 'and' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἀληθινόςtrueA1 NSM · ἀληθινόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineἀληθινός: rendered here as 'true' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
δεήσεωςof supplicationN3I GSF · δέησιςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineδεήσεως: rendered here as 'of supplication' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἐπακούσεταίhe will listen toVF FMI3S · ἀκούω + ἐπιmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ future-oriented assertion or promise within Bildad's argumentἐπακούσεταί: rendered here as 'he will listen to' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineσου: rendered here as 'your' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἀποκαταστήσειhe will restoreVF FAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀπο + καταmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ future-oriented assertion or promise within Bildad's argumentἀποκαταστήσει: rendered here as 'he will restore' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
δέbutX · δέconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastδέ: rendered here as 'but' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
σοιto youRP DS · σύdative element marking sphere, means, recipient, or location→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineσοι: rendered here as 'to you' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
δίαιτανdwellingN1S ASF · δίαιταaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineδίαιταν: a mode of life, dwelling, or settled habitation; here a restored righteous condition.
δικαιοσύνηςof righteousnessN1 GSF · δικαιοσύνηgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineδικαιοσύνης: rendered here as 'of righteousness' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
7
ἔσται οὖν τὰ μὲν πρῶτά σου ὀλίγα τὰ δὲ ἔσχατά σου ἀμύθητα
Then your former state will be small, but your latter end beyond measure.
Bildad promises that restoration will make Job's former estate look insignificant by comparison.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἔσταιwill beVF FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ future-oriented assertion or promise within Bildad's argumentἔσται: rendered here as 'will be' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastοὖν: rendered here as 'therefore' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineτὰ: rendered here as 'the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
μὲνindeedX · μένconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastμὲν: rendered here as 'indeed' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
πρῶτάformer thingsA1 NPNS · πρῶτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineπρῶτά: rendered here as 'former things' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineσου: rendered here as 'your' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ὀλίγαsmallA1 NPN · ὀλίγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineὀλίγα: rendered here as 'small' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineτὰ: rendered here as 'the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
δὲbutX · δέconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastδὲ: rendered here as 'but' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἔσχατάlatter thingsA1 NPN · ἔσχατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineἔσχατά: rendered here as 'latter things' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineσου: rendered here as 'your' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἀμύθηταimmeasurableA1B NPN · ἀμύθητοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineἀμύθητα: adjective meaning 'beyond counting' or 'immeasurable,' used for Job's hoped-for latter end.
8
ἐπερώτησον γὰρ γενεὰν πρώτην ἐξιχνίασον δὲ κατὰ γένος πατέρων
For inquire of the former generation, and search out the lineage of the fathers.
He now grounds his argument in ancestral wisdom rather than in Job's immediate experience.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐπερώτησονinquire ofVA AAD2S · ἐρωτάω + ἐπιmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ imperative appeal urging Job toward action or inquiryἐπερώτησον: rendered here as 'inquire of' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastγὰρ: rendered here as 'for' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
γενεὰνgenerationN1A ASF · γενεάaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineγενεὰν: rendered here as 'generation' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
πρώτηνformerA1 ASFS · πρῶτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineπρώτην: rendered here as 'former' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἐξιχνίασονsearch outVA AAD2S · ἰχνιάζω + ἐκmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ imperative appeal urging Job toward action or inquiryἐξιχνίασον: imperative from 'track out' or 'trace thoroughly'; Bildad urges careful investigation of ancestral wisdom.
δὲbutX · δέconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastδὲ: rendered here as 'but' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as direction, sphere, source, or comparison→ relational term specifying the phrase's direction, source, or sphereκατὰ: rendered here as 'according to' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
γένοςlineageN3E ASN · γένοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineγένος: rendered here as 'lineage' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
πατέρωνof fathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineπατέρων: rendered here as 'of fathers' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
9
χθιζοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν καὶ οὐκ οἴδαμεν σκιὰ γάρ ἐστιν ἡμῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ὁ βίος
For we are of yesterday and know nothing, since our life on the earth is a shadow.
Human beings are too brief and ignorant to judge alone; their earthly life is shadowlike.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
χθιζοὶof yesterdayA1 NPM · χθιζόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineχθιζοὶ: literally 'yesterday's'; the word stresses the brevity and recentness of human existence.
γάργάρX · γάρsupporting nominal or helper element functioning according to its local form and phrase relation→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineγάρ: rendered here as 'γάρ' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἐσμενwe areV9 PAI1P · εἰμίmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing Bildad's theological caseἐσμεν: rendered here as 'we are' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastκαὶ: rendered here as 'and' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping negation, interrogation, emphasis, or temporal nuance→ clause-shaping particle marking negation, emphasis, or temporal settingοὐκ: rendered here as 'not' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
οἴδαμενwe knowVX XAI1P · οἶδαmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing Bildad's theological caseοἴδαμεν: rendered here as 'we know' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
σκιὰshadowN1A NSF · σκιάnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineσκιὰ: rendered here as 'shadow' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
γάργάρX · γάρsupporting nominal or helper element functioning according to its local form and phrase relation→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineγάρ: rendered here as 'γάρ' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing Bildad's theological caseἐστιν: rendered here as 'is' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineἡμῶν: rendered here as 'our' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as direction, sphere, source, or comparison→ relational term specifying the phrase's direction, source, or sphereἐπὶ: rendered here as 'upon' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineτῆς: rendered here as 'of the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
γῆςearthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineγῆς: rendered here as 'earth' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineὁ: rendered here as 'the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
βίοςlifeN2 NSM · βίοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineβίος: rendered here as 'life' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
10
ἦ οὐχ οὗτοί σε διδάξουσιν καὶ ἀναγγελοῦσιν καὶ ἐκ καρδίας ἐξάξουσιν ῥήματα
Will not these teach you and report to you and bring forth words from the heart?
The fathers will instruct Job because tested wisdom rises from the heart and outlasts one generation.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἦindeedD · ἦparticle or adverb shaping negation, interrogation, emphasis, or temporal nuance→ interrogative or emphatic particle pressing Bildad's challengeἦ: rendered here as 'indeed' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
οὐχnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping negation, interrogation, emphasis, or temporal nuance→ interrogative or emphatic particle pressing Bildad's challengeοὐχ: rendered here as 'not' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
οὗτοίtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineοὗτοί: rendered here as 'these' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineσε: rendered here as 'you' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
διδάξουσινwill teachVF FAI3P · διδάσκωmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ future-oriented assertion or promise within Bildad's argumentδιδάξουσιν: rendered here as 'will teach' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastκαὶ: rendered here as 'and' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἀναγγελοῦσινwill reportVF2 FAI3P · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing Bildad's theological caseἀναγγελοῦσιν: rendered here as 'will report' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastκαὶ: rendered here as 'and' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as direction, sphere, source, or comparison→ relational term specifying the phrase's direction, source, or sphereἐκ: rendered here as 'from' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineκαρδίας: rendered here as 'heart' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἐξάξουσινwill bring forthVF FAI3P · ἄγω + ἐκmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ future-oriented assertion or promise within Bildad's argumentἐξάξουσιν: rendered here as 'will bring forth' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ῥήματαwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineῥήματα: rendered here as 'words' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
11
μὴ θάλλει πάπυρος ἄνευ ὕδατος ἢ ὑψωθήσεται βούτομον ἄνευ πότου
Does papyrus flourish without water, or will rushes grow tall without drink?
Bildad begins a nature-parable: as wetland plants require water, so the wicked depend on unstable supports.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μὴsurely notD · μήparticle or adverb shaping negation, interrogation, emphasis, or temporal nuance→ interrogative or emphatic particle pressing Bildad's challengeμὴ: rendered here as 'surely not' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
θάλλειflourishesV1 PAI3S · θάλλωmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing Bildad's theological caseθάλλει: rendered here as 'flourishes' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
πάπυροςpapyrusN2 NSM · πάπυροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineπάπυρος: papyrus reed, a plant dependent on marsh water; it anchors Bildad's first natural analogy.
ἄνευwithoutP · ἄνευpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as direction, sphere, source, or comparison→ relational term specifying the phrase's direction, source, or sphereἄνευ: rendered here as 'without' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineὕδατος: rendered here as 'water' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἢorC · ἤconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastἢ: rendered here as 'or' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ὑψωθήσεταιwill grow tallVC FPI3S · ὑψόωmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing Bildad's theological caseὑψωθήσεται: rendered here as 'will grow tall' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
βούτομονrushN2N NSN · βούτομονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineβούτομον: a marsh plant or rush; paired with papyrus to show that visible growth depends on hidden supply.
ἄνευwithoutP · ἄνευpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as direction, sphere, source, or comparison→ relational term specifying the phrase's direction, source, or sphereἄνευ: rendered here as 'without' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
πότουdrinkN2 GSM · πότοςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineπότου: rendered here as 'drink' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
12
ἔτι ὂν ἐπὶ ῥίζης καὶ οὐ μὴ θερισθῇ πρὸ τοῦ πιεῖν πᾶσα βοτάνη οὐχὶ ξηραίνεται
While still at the root and not yet cut, before any plant is ready for drinking, does it not dry up?
The plant can wither before harvest; apparent vitality proves fragile when its source fails.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιparticle or adverb shaping negation, interrogation, emphasis, or temporal nuance→ clause-shaping particle marking negation, emphasis, or temporal settingἔτι: rendered here as 'still' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ὂνbeingV9 · παπνσν εἰμίparticiple modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the main verbal idea→ participial nuance adding attendant action, state, or characterizationὂν: rendered here as 'being' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as direction, sphere, source, or comparison→ relational term specifying the phrase's direction, source, or sphereἐπὶ: rendered here as 'upon' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ῥίζηςrootN1S GSF · ῥίζαgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineῥίζης: rendered here as 'root' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastκαὶ: rendered here as 'and' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping negation, interrogation, emphasis, or temporal nuance→ clause-shaping particle marking negation, emphasis, or temporal settingοὐ: rendered here as 'not' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
μὴsurely notD · μήparticle or adverb shaping negation, interrogation, emphasis, or temporal nuance→ interrogative or emphatic particle pressing Bildad's challengeμὴ: rendered here as 'surely not' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
θερισθῇbe cutVS APS3S · θερίζωmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ subjunctive form used in conditional, emphatic, or vivid image constructionθερισθῇ: rendered here as 'be cut' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as direction, sphere, source, or comparison→ relational term specifying the phrase's direction, source, or sphereπρὸ: rendered here as 'before' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineτοῦ: rendered here as 'of the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
πιεῖνto drinkVB AAN · πίνωmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing Bildad's theological caseπιεῖν: rendered here as 'to drink' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
πᾶσαeveryA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineπᾶσα: rendered here as 'every' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
βοτάνηplantN1 NSF · βοτάνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineβοτάνη: rendered here as 'plant' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
οὐχὶdoes notD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping negation, interrogation, emphasis, or temporal nuance→ interrogative or emphatic particle pressing Bildad's challengeοὐχὶ: rendered here as 'does not' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ξηραίνεταιdry upV1 PPI3S · ξηραίνωmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing Bildad's theological caseξηραίνεται: rendered here as 'dry up' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
13
οὕτως τοίνυν ἔσται τὰ ἔσχατα πάντων τῶν ἐπιλανθανομένων τοῦ κυρίου ἐλπὶς γὰρ ἀσεβοῦς ἀπολεῖται
So then will be the end of all who forget the Lord, for the hope of the ungodly will perish.
Bildad explicitly maps the plant image onto those who forget the Lord: their hope dries up and dies.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςsupporting nominal or helper element functioning according to its local form and phrase relation→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineοὕτως: rendered here as 'thus' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
τοίνυνthenX · τοίνυνconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastτοίνυν: rendered here as 'then' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἔσταιwill beVF FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ future-oriented assertion or promise within Bildad's argumentἔσται: rendered here as 'will be' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineτὰ: rendered here as 'the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἔσχαταlatter thingsA1 NPN · ἔσχατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineἔσχατα: rendered here as 'latter things' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
πάντωνof allA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineπάντων: rendered here as 'of all' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineτῶν: rendered here as 'of the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἐπιλανθανομένωνforgettingV1 · πμπγπμ λανθάνω + ἐπιparticiple modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the main verbal idea→ participial nuance adding attendant action, state, or characterizationἐπιλανθανομένων: present middle participle, 'those forgetting'; in Job 8 forgetting the Lord defines the ungodly ethically.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineτοῦ: rendered here as 'of the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineκυρίου: rendered here as 'Lord' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἐλπὶςhopeN3D NSF · ἐλπίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineἐλπὶς: rendered here as 'hope' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastγὰρ: rendered here as 'for' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἀσεβοῦςof the ungodlyA3H GSM · ἀσεβήςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineἀσεβοῦς: rendered here as 'of the ungodly' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἀπολεῖταιwill perishVF2 FMI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ future-oriented assertion or promise within Bildad's argumentἀπολεῖται: rendered here as 'will perish' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
14
ἀοίκητος γὰρ αὐτοῦ ἔσται ὁ οἶκος ἀράχνη δὲ αὐτοῦ ἀποβήσεται ἡ σκηνή
For his house will be uninhabited, and his tent will turn out to be a spider's web.
A second image follows: the wicked man's house and tent are as flimsy and deserted as a spider's web.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀοίκητοςuninhabitedA1B NSM · ἀοίκητοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineἀοίκητος: 'uninhabited' or 'desolate,' describing the abandoned condition of the wicked man's house.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastγὰρ: rendered here as 'for' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineαὐτοῦ: rendered here as 'him' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἔσταιwill beVF FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ future-oriented assertion or promise within Bildad's argumentἔσται: rendered here as 'will be' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineὁ: rendered here as 'the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineοἶκος: rendered here as 'house' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἀράχνηspiderN1 NSF · ἀράχνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineἀράχνη: 'spider'; the image evokes fragility, intricacy, and structural weakness all at once.
δὲbutX · δέconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastδὲ: rendered here as 'but' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineαὐτοῦ: rendered here as 'him' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἀποβήσεταιwill turn outVF FMI3S · βαίνω + ἀποmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ future-oriented assertion or promise within Bildad's argumentἀποβήσεται: rendered here as 'will turn out' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineἡ: rendered here as 'the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
σκηνήtentN1 NSF · σκηνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineσκηνή: rendered here as 'tent' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
15
ἐὰν ὑπερείσῃ τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ οὐ μὴ στῇ ἐπιλαβομένου δὲ αὐτοῦ οὐ μὴ ὑπομείνῃ
If he leans on his house, it will not stand; and if he grasps it, it will not endure.
What he trusts cannot bear his weight; the structures he clings to collapse under pressure.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastἐὰν: rendered here as 'if' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ὑπερείσῃhe leans onVA AAS3S · ἐρείδω + ὑποmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ subjunctive form used in conditional, emphatic, or vivid image constructionὑπερείσῃ: aorist subjunctive from 'lean upon' or 'brace oneself against,' testing whether the support can bear weight.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineτὴν: rendered here as 'the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
οἰκίανhouseN1A ASF · οἰκίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineοἰκίαν: rendered here as 'house' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineαὐτοῦ: rendered here as 'him' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping negation, interrogation, emphasis, or temporal nuance→ clause-shaping particle marking negation, emphasis, or temporal settingοὐ: rendered here as 'not' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
μὴsurely notD · μήparticle or adverb shaping negation, interrogation, emphasis, or temporal nuance→ interrogative or emphatic particle pressing Bildad's challengeμὴ: rendered here as 'surely not' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
στῇstandVH AAS3S · ἵστημιmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ subjunctive form used in conditional, emphatic, or vivid image constructionστῇ: rendered here as 'stand' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἐπιλαβομένουwhen graspingVB · αμπγσμ λαμβάνω + ἐπιparticiple modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the main verbal idea→ participial nuance adding attendant action, state, or characterizationἐπιλαβομένου: rendered here as 'when grasping' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
δὲbutX · δέconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastδὲ: rendered here as 'but' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineαὐτοῦ: rendered here as 'him' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping negation, interrogation, emphasis, or temporal nuance→ clause-shaping particle marking negation, emphasis, or temporal settingοὐ: rendered here as 'not' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
μὴsurely notD · μήparticle or adverb shaping negation, interrogation, emphasis, or temporal nuance→ interrogative or emphatic particle pressing Bildad's challengeμὴ: rendered here as 'surely not' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ὑπομείνῃendureVA AAS3S · μένω + ὑποmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ subjunctive form used in conditional, emphatic, or vivid image constructionὑπομείνῃ: rendered here as 'endure' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
16
ὑγρὸς γάρ ἐστιν ὑπὸ ἡλίου καὶ ἐκ σαπρίας αὐτοῦ ὁ ῥάδαμνος αὐτοῦ ἐξελεύσεται
For he is moist under the sun, and from his decay his shoot will come forth.
Bildad pivots to a luxuriant plant image, showing the wicked seeming green and vigorous for a time.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὑγρὸςmoistA1A NSM · ὑγρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineὑγρὸς: 'moist' or 'full of sap'; the plant image now depicts apparent vitality before collapse.
γάργάρX · γάρsupporting nominal or helper element functioning according to its local form and phrase relation→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineγάρ: rendered here as 'γάρ' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing Bildad's theological caseἐστιν: rendered here as 'is' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ὑπὸunderP · ὑπόpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as direction, sphere, source, or comparison→ relational term specifying the phrase's direction, source, or sphereὑπὸ: rendered here as 'under' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἡλίουsunN2 GSM · ἥλιοςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineἡλίου: rendered here as 'sun' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastκαὶ: rendered here as 'and' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as direction, sphere, source, or comparison→ relational term specifying the phrase's direction, source, or sphereἐκ: rendered here as 'from' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
σαπρίαςdecayN1A GSF · σαπρίαgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineσαπρίας: 'decay' or 'rottenness'; the growth issues from a condition already marked by corruption.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineαὐτοῦ: rendered here as 'him' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineὁ: rendered here as 'the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ῥάδαμνοςshootN2 NSM · ῥάδαμνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineῥάδαμνος: a shoot, branch, or green sprout; the precise botany is uncertain, but the image is of visible extension.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineαὐτοῦ: rendered here as 'him' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἐξελεύσεταιwill come forthVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ future-oriented assertion or promise within Bildad's argumentἐξελεύσεται: rendered here as 'will come forth' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
17
ἐπὶ συναγωγὴν λίθων κοιμᾶται ἐν δὲ μέσῳ χαλίκων ζήσεται
He sleeps upon a gathering of stones, and in the midst of pebbles he will live.
Its roots spread among stones and gravel, suggesting tenacious but exposed growth.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as direction, sphere, source, or comparison→ relational term specifying the phrase's direction, source, or sphereἐπὶ: rendered here as 'upon' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
συναγωγὴνheapN1 ASF · συναγωγήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineσυναγωγὴν: rendered here as 'heap' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
λίθωνof stonesN2 GPM · λίθοςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineλίθων: rendered here as 'of stones' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
κοιμᾶταιlies downV3 PMI3S · κοιμάωmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing Bildad's theological caseκοιμᾶται: rendered here as 'lies down' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as direction, sphere, source, or comparison→ relational term specifying the phrase's direction, source, or sphereἐν: rendered here as 'in' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
δὲbutX · δέconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastδὲ: rendered here as 'but' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative element marking sphere, means, recipient, or location→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineμέσῳ: rendered here as 'midst' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
χαλίκωνof pebblesN3K GPM · χάλιξgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineχαλίκων: rendered here as 'of pebbles' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ζήσεταιwill liveVF FMI3S · ζάωmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ future-oriented assertion or promise within Bildad's argumentζήσεται: rendered here as 'will live' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
18
ἐὰν καταπίῃ ὁ τόπος ψεύσεται αὐτόν οὐχ ἑόρακας τοιαῦτα
If the place should swallow him up, it will deny him: 'I have never seen such things.'
Yet when the place expels it, the plant is denied as though it had never belonged there at all.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastἐὰν: rendered here as 'if' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
καταπίῃshould swallow upVA AAS3S · πίνω + καταmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ subjunctive form used in conditional, emphatic, or vivid image constructionκαταπίῃ: rendered here as 'should swallow up' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineὁ: rendered here as 'the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
τόποςplaceN2 NSM · τόποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineτόπος: rendered here as 'place' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ψεύσεταιwill denyVF FMI3S · ψεύδωmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ future-oriented assertion or promise within Bildad's argumentψεύσεται: future middle of ψεύδω, 'deny' or 'prove false to'; the place repudiates the uprooted plant.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineαὐτόν: rendered here as 'him' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
οὐχnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping negation, interrogation, emphasis, or temporal nuance→ interrogative or emphatic particle pressing Bildad's challengeοὐχ: rendered here as 'not' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἑόρακαςyou have seenVX XAI2S · ὁράωmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing Bildad's theological caseἑόρακας: rendered here as 'you have seen' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
τοιαῦταsuch thingsA1 APN · τοιοῦτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineτοιαῦτα: rendered here as 'such things' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
19
ὅτι καταστροφὴ ἀσεβοῦς τοιαύτη ἐκ δὲ γῆς ἄλλον ἀναβλαστήσει
For such is the overthrow of the ungodly, and from the earth another will spring up.
This is Bildad's verdict on the ungodly: they are overthrown and replaced without permanence.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὅτιforC · ὅτιconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastὅτι: rendered here as 'for' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
καταστροφὴoverthrowN1 NSF · καταστροφήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineκαταστροφὴ: 'overthrow' or 'ruin'; Bildad reduces the wicked to a patterned collapse.
ἀσεβοῦςof the ungodlyA3H GSM · ἀσεβήςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineἀσεβοῦς: rendered here as 'of the ungodly' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
τοιαύτηsuchA1 NSF · τοιοῦτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineτοιαύτη: rendered here as 'such' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as direction, sphere, source, or comparison→ relational term specifying the phrase's direction, source, or sphereἐκ: rendered here as 'from' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
δὲbutX · δέconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastδὲ: rendered here as 'but' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
γῆςearthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineγῆς: rendered here as 'earth' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἄλλονanotherRD ASM · ἄλλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineἄλλον: rendered here as 'another' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἀναβλαστήσειwill sprout upVF FAI3S · βλαστάνω + ἀναmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ future-oriented assertion or promise within Bildad's argumentἀναβλαστήσει: rendered here as 'will sprout up' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
20
ὁ γὰρ κύριος οὐ μὴ ἀποποιήσηται τὸν ἄκακον πᾶν δὲ δῶρον ἀσεβοῦς οὐ δέξεται
For the Lord will never reject the blameless, but he will not receive any gift of the ungodly.
He closes the argument with a maxim: God does not cast off the innocent or welcome wicked offerings.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineὁ: rendered here as 'the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastγὰρ: rendered here as 'for' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping negation, interrogation, emphasis, or temporal nuance→ clause-shaping particle marking negation, emphasis, or temporal settingοὐ: rendered here as 'not' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
μὴsurely notD · μήparticle or adverb shaping negation, interrogation, emphasis, or temporal nuance→ interrogative or emphatic particle pressing Bildad's challengeμὴ: rendered here as 'surely not' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἀποποιήσηταιrejectVA AMS3S · ποιέω + ἀποmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ subjunctive form used in conditional, emphatic, or vivid image constructionἀποποιήσηται: middle aorist subjunctive in emphatic negation, 'reject' or 'cast off utterly.'
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineτὸν: rendered here as 'the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἄκακονblamelessA1B ASM · ἄκακοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineἄκακον: 'blameless' or 'guileless,' the positive counterpart to the ungodly in Bildad's closing maxim.
πᾶνeveryA3 ASN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineπᾶν: rendered here as 'every' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
δὲbutX · δέconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastδὲ: rendered here as 'but' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
δῶρονgiftN2N ASN · δῶρονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineδῶρον: rendered here as 'gift' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἀσεβοῦςof the ungodlyA3H GSM · ἀσεβήςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineἀσεβοῦς: rendered here as 'of the ungodly' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping negation, interrogation, emphasis, or temporal nuance→ clause-shaping particle marking negation, emphasis, or temporal settingοὐ: rendered here as 'not' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
δέξεταιwill receiveVF FMI3S · δέχομαιmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ future-oriented assertion or promise within Bildad's argumentδέξεται: rendered here as 'will receive' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
21
ἀληθινῶν δὲ στόμα ἐμπλήσει γέλωτος τὰ δὲ χείλη αὐτῶν ἐξομολογήσεως
Yet he will fill the mouth of the true with laughter, and their lips with thanksgiving.
For the true, the future is laughter and grateful confession rather than ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀληθινῶνof the trueA1 GPM · ἀληθινόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineἀληθινῶν: rendered here as 'of the true' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
δὲbutX · δέconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastδὲ: rendered here as 'but' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineστόμα: rendered here as 'mouth' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἐμπλήσειhe will fillVF FAI3S · πίμπλημι + ἐνmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ future-oriented assertion or promise within Bildad's argumentἐμπλήσει: rendered here as 'he will fill' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
γέλωτοςwith laughterN3T GSM · γέλωςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineγέλωτος: rendered here as 'with laughter' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineτὰ: rendered here as 'the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
δὲbutX · δέconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastδὲ: rendered here as 'but' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
χείληlipsN3E APN · χεῖλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineχείλη: rendered here as 'lips' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineαὐτῶν: rendered here as 'their' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἐξομολογήσεωςwith thanksgivingN3I GSF · ἐξομολόγησιςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineἐξομολογήσεως: thanksgiving, confession, or praise offered openly; the word gives the restored future a liturgical tone.
22
οἱ δὲ ἐχθροὶ αὐτῶν ἐνδύσονται αἰσχύνην δίαιτα δὲ ἀσεβοῦς οὐκ ἔσται
And their enemies will put on shame, and the dwelling of the ungodly will not exist.
The conclusion sets the two destinies side by side: shame for enemies, disappearance for the wicked household.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineοἱ: rendered here as 'the' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
δὲbutX · δέconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastδὲ: rendered here as 'but' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἐχθροὶenemiesN2 NPM · ἐχθρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineἐχθροὶ: rendered here as 'enemies' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineαὐτῶν: rendered here as 'their' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἐνδύσονταιwill clothe themselves withVF FMI3P · δύω + ἐνmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ future-oriented assertion or promise within Bildad's argumentἐνδύσονται: rendered here as 'will clothe themselves with' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
αἰσχύνηνshameN1 ASF · αἰσχύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineαἰσχύνην: rendered here as 'shame' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
δίαιταdwellingN1S NSF · δίαιταnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineδίαιτα: dwelling, way of life, or settled abode; in v. 22 it marks the vanishing habitation of the wicked.
δὲbutX · δέconjunction linking clauses, conditions, contrasts, or explanations in Bildad's argument→ discourse connector organizing rebuke, reason, condition, or contrastδὲ: rendered here as 'but' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἀσεβοῦςof the ungodlyA3H GSM · ἀσεβήςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term contributing the imagery or theological substance of the lineἀσεβοῦς: rendered here as 'of the ungodly' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping negation, interrogation, emphasis, or temporal nuance→ clause-shaping particle marking negation, emphasis, or temporal settingοὐκ: rendered here as 'not' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.
ἔσταιwill beVF FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal element carrying the action, challenge, exhortation, promise, or image in the clause→ future-oriented assertion or promise within Bildad's argumentἔσται: rendered here as 'will be' within Bildad's speech in Job 8.