- 1 Job 1 Α′ Job 1 functions as the carefully staged prologue to the whole Greek book. PDF
- 2 Job 2 Β′ Job 2 resumes the heavenly court scene from the close of the previous chapter, but the test is narrowed and intensified. PDF
- 3 Job 3 Γ′ After the seven days of silence in the narrative frame, Job's first speech is not a direct accusation against God but a sustained curse on the circumstances of his own birth (3:1-10), followed by rhetorical questions about why he was allowed to live at all (3:11-16). PDF
- 4 Job 4 Δ′ Job 4 opens Eliphaz’s first response to Job and establishes the argumentative pattern that will dominate much of the dialogue. PDF
- 5 Job 5 Ε′ In this chapter Eliphaz presses his first speech beyond rebuke into counsel. PDF
- 6 Job 6 Ϛ′ In the LXX form of Job, this chapter is Job's first direct answer to Eliphaz, and it moves from lament into accusation and then into challenge. PDF
- 7 Job 7 Ζ′ Job 7 continues Job's first great reply and presses the lament from general misery into direct address before God. PDF
- 8 Job 8 Η′ In the Septuagintal form of Job, Bildad's response is marked by its sharp compression: he rebukes Job's language as windy excess (8:2), denies that the Lord or the maker of all could ever pervert justice (8:3), and applies that conviction with painful bluntness to Job's children, whose death he reads as the consequence of their own transgression (8:4). PDF
- 9 Job 9 Θ′ This chapter begins Job's first sustained answer to Bildad by conceding the premise that no mortal can simply be righteous before God and then showing how terrible that truth becomes in lived experience. PDF
- 10 Job 10 Ι′ Job 10 continues and intensifies Job's direct address to God. PDF
- 11 Job 11 ΙΑ′ This chapter is Zophar's first and only speech in the book, and it is the harshest of the friends' initial cycle. Zophar is less patient than Eliphaz and less image-driven than Bildad; he answers Job with frontal accusation. PDF
- 12 Job 12 ΙΒ′ This chapter begins Job's extended answer to Zophar, and it has two clear movements. PDF
- 13 Job 13 ΙΓ′ Job 13 continues Job's reply to his companions, but the chapter sharpens in two directions at once. First, Job turns on the friends as fraudulent defenders of God. PDF
- 14 Job 14 ΙΔ′ Job 14 continues Job's meditation on the frailty of human life, but the chapter sharpens the contrast between human mortality and the surprising resilience found elsewhere in creation. PDF
- 15 Job 15 ΙΕ′ This chapter opens Eliphaz's second speech, and its rhetoric is markedly harder than his first. PDF
- 16 Job 16 ΙϚ′ This chapter continues Job's answer in one of the book's most violent emotional turns. PDF
- 17 Job 17 ΙΖ′ This chapter continues Job's reply in a key that is darker and more compressed than the earlier complaints. PDF
- 18 Job 18 ΙΗ′ This chapter is Bildad's second speech, and it is one of the book's most concentrated poetic catalogues of the fate of the wicked. PDF
- 19 Job 19 ΙΘ′ This chapter is one of Job's most intense replies. He begins by protesting the cruelty of his companions and by tracing his ruined condition back to God's assault upon him. PDF
- 20 Job 20 Κ′ Job 20 is Zophar's fierce reply to Job, and it is organized around one controlling claim: the prosperity of the wicked is brief, deceptive, and self-destructive. PDF
- 21 Job 21 ΚΑ′ In this reply Job attacks the tidy doctrine of automatic retribution defended by his companions. He first demands a hearing and reminds them that his complaint is not a social squabble but a crisis before God. PDF
- 22 Job 22 ΚΒ′ This chapter gives Eliphaz's sharpest prosecuting speech. He argues first that human righteousness adds nothing to God, so Job's suffering must expose great guilt rather than divine caprice. PDF
- 23 Job 23 ΚΓ′ This chapter resumes Job's answer with a remarkable double movement. He does not chiefly complain here that God is unjust; rather, he longs to locate God, present his case, and hear a direct reply. PDF
- 24 Job 24 ΚΔ′ Job 24 is one of the book's starkest catalogues of social violence and deferred judgment. PDF
- 25 Job 25 ΚΕ′ This brief chapter is Bildad's last speech in the dialogue, and its very brevity is part of its force. PDF
- 26 Job 26 ΚϚ′ In this chapter Job answers the shrinking wisdom of the friends with a twofold movement: first biting irony, then a magnificently compressed hymn to divine power. PDF
- 27 Job 27 ΚΖ′ Job 27 resumes Job's discourse with a solemn oath of integrity. PDF
- 28 Job 28 ΚΗ′ Job 28 stands out within the book as a carefully shaped wisdom poem. PDF
- 29 Job 29 ΚΘ′ Job 29 is the great backward glance of Job's final self-defense. PDF
- 30 Job 30 Λ′ Where Job 29 remembered light, dignity, and social authority, Job 30 narrates their collapse in reverse. PDF
- 31 Job 31 ΛΑ′ Job 31 is the culminating oath of innocence that answers the collapse narrated in chapter 30. PDF
- 32 Job 32 ΛΒ′ This chapter marks the decisive transition into the Elihu speeches. The three friends fall silent because Job remains righteous in his own eyes, and into that exhausted pause steps Elihu son of Barachiel the Buzite. PDF
- 33 Job 33 ΛΓ′ Elihu’s first direct reply to Job begins by insisting that he speaks as a fellow creature rather than as an overwhelming judge: both men were formed from the same clay, so Job need not fear him. PDF
- 34 Job 34 ΛΔ′ This second Elihu speech widens from direct address to public judgment: Elihu summons the wise to sit with him and test Job’s words the way the ear tests speech and the throat tests food. PDF
- 35 Job 35 ΛΕ′ This chapter is Elihu's rebuttal to Job's repeated insistence that righteousness has brought him no advantage. Elihu's line is not yet the theophany's final wisdom, but it is a sharpened corrective to a utilitarian account of piety. PDF
- 36 Job 36 ΛϚ′ In this third Elihu speech the younger speaker presses his case one step further. PDF
- 37 Job 37 ΛΖ′ Job 37 completes Elihu's long weather discourse and serves as the final threshold before the Lord speaks from the storm in the next chapter. PDF
- 38 Job 38 ΛΗ′ This chapter opens the long-awaited divine answer, but the answer does not begin with a legal explanation of Job’s suffering. PDF
- 39 Job 39 ΛΘ′ This chapter continues the first divine speech by narrowing the focus from cosmic structures to the wild life of the earth. PDF
- 40 Job 40 Μ′ In the LXX numbering, this chapter contains both Job’s brief surrender and the opening of the creature-speech that in many English traditions is divided between Behemoth and Leviathan. PDF
- 41 Job 41 ΜΑ′ This chapter continues the Lord's speech with the fullest Greek portrait of Leviathan. The argument is not merely zoological. PDF
- 42 Job 42 ΜΒ′ This final chapter completes the movement from dispute to restoration. PDF