1
ὑπολαβὼν δὲ Ελιφας ὁ Θαιμανίτης λέγει
Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered and said,
The verse frames the start of Eliphaz's second speech to Job.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ὑπολαβὼνsupposeVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ὑποparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ὑπο: meaning 'suppose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλιφαςEliphazN NSM · Ελιφαςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechΕλιφας: meaning 'Eliphaz'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΘαιμανίτηςTemaniteN1M NSM · Θαιμανίτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechΘαιμανίτης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
2
πότερον σοφὸς ἀπόκρισιν δώσει συνέσεως πνεύματος καὶ ἐνέπλησεν πόνον γαστρὸς
Will a wise man give an answer of windy understanding and fill the pain of his belly?
Eliphaz opens with a rhetorical question that casts Job's speech as empty breath rather than wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πότερονwhether / will it be thatD · πότερονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπότερον: meaning 'whether'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοφὸςwiseA1 NSM · σοφόςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
ἀπόκρισινanswerN3I ASF · ἀπόκρισιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἀπόκρισις: meaning 'answer'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δώσειgiveVF FAI3S · δίδωμιmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause.
συνέσεωςunderstandingN3I GSF · σύνεσιςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσύνεσις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
πνεύματοςspiritN3M GSN · πνεῦμαnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνέπλησενfillVAI AAI3S · πίμπλημι + ἐνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'fill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
πόνονaffliction / painN2 ASM · πόνοςaccusative (summary object, coordinate with συνάντημα)→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπόνος: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as accusative (summary object, coordinate with συνάντημα).
γαστρὸςbellyN3 GSF · γαστήρgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechγαστήρ: meaning 'belly'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
3
ἐλέγχων ἐν ῥήμασιν οἷς οὐ δεῖ ἐν λόγοις οἷς οὐδὲν ὄφελος
Reproving with words that are not needed, with speeches in which there is no profit,
The accusation is expanded by describing Job's speech as useless and untimely.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐλέγχωνreprovingV1 · παπνσμ ἐλέγχωparticiple modifying the clause or noun with verbal force→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπαπνσμ ἐλέγχω: meaning 'reproving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause or noun with verbal force.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ῥήμασινwordsN3M DPN · ῥῆμαdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
οἷςwho / whichRR DPN · ὅςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechοἷς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
δεῖit is necessaryV2 PAI3S · δέωmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ present verbal form presenting ongoing or immediate actionδέω: meaning 'it is necessary'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
λόγοιςwordN2 DPM · λόγοςcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
οἷςwho / whichRR DPM · ὅςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechοἷς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
οὐδὲνno oneA3 NSN · οὐδείςhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechοὐδείς: meaning 'no one'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
ὄφελοςprofit / benefitN3 NSN · ὄφελοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechὄφελος: meaning 'profit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
4
οὐ καὶ σὺ ἀπεποιήσω φόβον συνετελέσω δὲ ῥήματα τοιαῦτα ἔναντι τοῦ κυρίου
and you, for your part, have cast off fear and have brought such words to an end before the Lord.
Eliphaz moves from useless speech to impiety, accusing Job of undermining reverence itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀπεποιήσωyou cast off / abolishedVAI AMI2S · ποιέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechποιέω + ἀπο: meaning 'you cast off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φόβονfearN2 ASM · φόβοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
συνετελέσωyou brought to completion / carried throughVAI AMI2S · τελέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechτελέω + συν: meaning 'you brought to completion'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥήματαwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαobject of ποιεῖν→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as object of ποιεῖν.
τοιαῦταsuch thingsA1 APN · τοιοῦτοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechτοιοῦτος: meaning 'such things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἔναντι: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
5
ἔνοχος εἶ ῥήμασιν στόματός σου οὐδὲ διέκρινας ῥήματα δυναστῶν
You are liable by the words of your mouth, and you have not distinguished the speeches of the mighty.
Job's own verbal choices are presented as evidence of guilt and insolence.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἔνοχοςliableA1B NSM · ἔνοχοςpredicate adjective with ἔσται→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἔνοχος: meaning 'liable'; it serves as predicate adjective with ἔσται.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoing or immediateεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ῥήμασινwordsN3M DPN · ῥῆμαdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
στόματόςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptive qualification→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptive qualification.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διέκριναςyou discerned / distinguishedVAI AAI2S · κρίνω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechκρίνω + δια: meaning 'you discerned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ῥήματαwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαobject of ποιεῖν→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as object of ποιεῖν.
δυναστῶνrulerN1M GPM · δυνάστηςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδυνάστης: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
6
ἐλέγξαι σε τὸ σὸν στόμα καὶ μὴ ἐγώ τὰ δὲ χείλη σου καταμαρτυρήσουσίν σου
Your own mouth will reprove you, and not I; your lips will testify against you.
Eliphaz concludes the opening rebuke by saying Job's speech condemns him without outside help.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐλέγξαιto reproveVA AAO3S · ἐλέγχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἐλέγχω: meaning 'to reprove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σὸνyourA1 NSN · σόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the proverb→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the proverb.
στόμαmouthN3M NSN · στόμαsubject or predicate element within the saying→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as subject or predicate element within the saying.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χείληlipsN3E NPN · χεῖλοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καταμαρτυρήσουσίνwill testify againstVF FAI3P · μαρτυρέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechμαρτυρέω + κατα: meaning 'will testify against'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
7
τί γάρ μὴ πρῶτος ἀνθρώπων ἐγενήθης ἢ πρὸ θινῶν ἐπάγης
For were you born the first of men, or were you formed before the hills?
He challenges Job's posture by mocking any hint that Job possesses primordial authority.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τίwhatRI NSN · τίςnominative or accusative interrogative element within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative or accusative interrogative element within the clause.
γάρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relation→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
πρῶτοςfirstA1 NSMS · πρῶτοςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπρῶτος: meaning 'first'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἀνθρώπωνman / human beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐγενήθηςyou have becomeVCI API2S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechγίγνομαι: meaning 'you have become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition taking a complement within the phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition taking a complement within the phrase.
θινῶνsandhills / ridgesN3 GPM · θίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechθίς: meaning 'sandhills'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπάγηςyou were brought forth / formedVDI API2S · πήγνυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπήγνυμι: meaning 'you were brought forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
8
ἦ σύνταγμα κυρίου ἀκήκοας εἰς δὲ σὲ ἀφίκετο σοφία
Have you heard the ordinance of the Lord, and has wisdom reached you alone?
The sarcasm sharpens into a denial that Job has unique access to divine counsel.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἦsurelyD · ἦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἦ: meaning 'surely'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σύνταγμαordinance / decree / counselN3M ASN · σύνταγμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσύνταγμα: meaning 'ordinance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἀκήκοαςyou have heardVX XAI2S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἀκούω: meaning 'you have heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὲyouRP AS · σύacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀφίκετοἀποVBI AMI3S · ἱκνέομαι + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἱκνέομαι + ἀπο: meaning 'ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative term functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
9
τί γὰρ οἶδας ὃ οὐκ οἴδαμεν ἢ τί συνίεις ὃ οὐχὶ καὶ ἡμεῖς
For what do you know that we do not know, or what do you understand that is not also with us?
Eliphaz presses the point that Job's claims exceed no common stock of wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶδαςknowVX XAI2S · οἶδαmain verbal form advancing the court-crisis narrative or the prayerful appeal→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechοἶδα: meaning 'know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the court-crisis narrative or the prayerful appeal.
ὃwhichRR ASN · ὅςrelative pronoun→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechὃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
οἴδαμενwe knowVX XAI1P · οἶδαverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechοἶδα: meaning 'we know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
συνίειςyou understandV7 PAI2S · ἵημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἵημι + συν: meaning 'you understand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὃwhichRR ASN · ὅςrelative pronoun→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechὃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun.
οὐχὶnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐ: meaning 'not'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμεῖςweRP NP · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἡμεῖς: meaning 'we'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
10
καί γε πρεσβύτης καί γε παλαιὸς ἐν ἡμῖν βαρύτερος τοῦ πατρός σου ἡμέραις
Indeed among us there is both the gray-haired man and the aged man, older in days than your father.
He appeals to the authority of age and tradition over against Job's solitary judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καίandC · καίconnective linking the clause to the surrounding argument→ coordinationκαί: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γεindeedX · γέparticle or adverbial element shaping the clause or emphasis→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechγε: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρεσβύτηςold manN1M NSM · πρεσβύτηςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπρεσβύτης: meaning 'old man'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
καίandC · καίconnective linking the clause to the surrounding argument→ coordinationκαί: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γεindeedX · γέparticle or adverbial element shaping the clause or emphasis→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechγε: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παλαιὸςaged / ancientA1A NSM · παλαιόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπαλαιός: meaning 'aged'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complement→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form functioning as a dative complement.
βαρύτεροςheavier / weightierA1A NSMC · βαρύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechβαρύς: meaning 'heavier'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρόςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραnominal term functioning as a dative complement→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a dative complement.
11
ὀλίγα ὧν ἡμάρτηκας μεμαστίγωσαι μεγάλως ὑπερβαλλόντως λελάληκας
Have you been scourged so severely for the few things in which you have sinned, that you have spoken beyond all measure?
Eliphaz treats Job's outcry as a disproportionate response to comparatively little chastisement.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ὀλίγαlittleA1 APN · ὀλίγοςadjectival form qualifying a substantive or phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechὀλίγος: meaning 'little'; it serves as adjectival form qualifying a substantive or phrase.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςrelative pronoun→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechὧν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun.
ἡμάρτηκαςyou have sinnedVX XAI2S · ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'you have sinned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεμαστίγωσαιyou have been scourgedVK XPI2S · μαστιγόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechμαστιγόω: meaning 'you have been scourged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεγάλωςgreatlyD · μεγάλωςadverb→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechμεγάλως: meaning 'greatly'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ὑπερβαλλόντωςexcessively / beyond measureD · ὑπερβαλλόντωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechὑπερβαλλόντως: meaning 'excessively'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λελάληκαςyou have spokenVX XAI2S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechλαλέω: meaning 'you have spoken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
τί ἐτόλμησεν ἡ καρδία σου ἢ τί ἐπήνεγκαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοί σου
Why has your heart dared this, and why have your eyes carried you away,
The rebuke turns inward, locating Job's excess in heart and eyes.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐτόλμησενdareVAI AAI3S · τολμάωmain finite verb of the clause→ constative aorist presenting the event as a wholeτολμάω: meaning 'dare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main finite verb of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐπήνεγκανhave carried away / swept alongVAI AAI3P · φέρω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechφέρω + ἐπι: meaning 'have carried away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοίeyesN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
13
ὅτι θυμὸν ἔρρηξας ἔναντι κυρίου ἐξήγαγες δὲ ἐκ στόματος ῥήματα τοιαῦτα
that you have burst out in anger before the Lord and brought such words out of your mouth?
Eliphaz gives the content of the inward rebellion: anger against God expressed in speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυμὸνθυμόςN2 ASM · θυμόςcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechθυμός: meaning 'θυμός'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἔρρηξαςrhegnymiVAI AAI2S · ῥήγνυμιfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechῥήγνυμι: meaning 'rhegnymi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἔναντι: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐξήγαγεςekVBI AAI2S · ἄγω + ἐκfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἄγω + ἐκ: meaning 'ek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ῥήματαwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαobject of ποιεῖν→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as object of ποιεῖν.
τοιαῦταsuch thingsA1 APN · τοιοῦτοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechτοιοῦτος: meaning 'such things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
14
τίς γὰρ ὢν βροτός ὅτι ἔσται ἄμεμπτος ἢ ὡς ἐσόμενος δίκαιος γεννητὸς γυναικός
For what mortal is there, that he should be blameless, or who, born of woman, shall be righteous?
The speech now returns to the core premise of human impurity before God.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὢνπαπνσμ εἰμίV9 · παπνσμ εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπαπνσμ εἰμί: meaning 'παπνσμ εἰμί'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
βροτόςmortalN2 NSM · βροτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechβροτός: meaning 'mortal'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἄμεμπτοςblamelessA1B NSM · ἄμεμπτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἄμεμπτος: meaning 'blameless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐσόμενοςbeing / coming to beVF · φμπνσμ εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechφμπνσμ εἰμί: meaning 'being'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςadjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as adjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation.
γεννητὸςbornA1 NSM · γεννητόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechγεννητός: meaning 'born'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γυναικόςwomanN3K GSF · γυνήnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
15
εἰ κατὰ ἁγίων οὐ πιστεύει οὐρανὸς δὲ οὐ καθαρὸς ἐναντίον αὐτοῦ
If he does not trust even in his holy ones, and heaven is not clean before him,
Eliphaz heightens the premise by extending it to heavenly beings and even the heavens themselves.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἁγίωνof holy thingsA1A GPM · ἅγιοςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἅγιος: meaning 'of holy things'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
πιστεύειbelievesV1 PAI3S · πιστεύωverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπιστεύω: meaning 'believes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐρανὸςheavenN2 NSM · οὐρανόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
καθαρὸςcleanA1A NSM · καθαρόςpredicate adjective (with ἔσται)→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechκαθαρός: meaning 'clean'; it serves as predicate adjective (with ἔσται).
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
16
ἔα δὲ ἐβδελυγμένος καὶ ἀκάθαρτος ἀνὴρ πίνων ἀδικίας ἴσα ποτῷ
how much more the abhorrent and unclean man, drinking injustices like a drink.
The argument lands on humanity in its corrupt state, portraying wickedness as something imbibed.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἔαah then / how much moreI · ἔαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἔα: meaning 'ah then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβδελυγμένοςabominable / loathsomeVKI XPPNSMBDELU/SSWverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἐβδελυγμένος: meaning 'abominable'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκάθαρτοςuncleanA1B NSM · ἀκάθαρτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the proverb→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἀκάθαρτος: meaning 'unclean'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the proverb.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πίνωνpinoV1 · παπνσμ πίνωverbal element advancing the action or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπαπνσμ πίνω: meaning 'pino'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the action or state of the clause.
ἀδικίαςinjusticeN1A GSF · ἀδικίαgenitive object of ὑπέρ→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἀδικία: meaning 'injustice'; it serves as genitive object of ὑπέρ.
ἴσαequally / likeD · ἴσοςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἴσα: meaning 'equally'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποτῷdrinkN2 DSM · ποτόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechποτός: meaning 'drink'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
17
ἀναγγελῶ δέ σοι ἄκουέ μου ἃ δὴ ἑώρακα ἀναγγελῶ σοι
But I will declare to you; listen to me, and what I have seen I will declare to you,
Eliphaz marks a transition from rebuke to authoritative instruction based on what he claims to have seen.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀναγγελῶlet me tell / I will declareVF2 FAI1S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναmain verb (volitive future)→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'let me tell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (volitive future).
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἄκουέhearV1 PAD2S · ἀκούωverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ aorist imperativeἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
δὴnow / indeedX · δήsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to context→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὴ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑώρακαI have seenVX XAI1S · ὁράωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ perfect indicativeὁράω: meaning 'I have seen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ἀναγγελῶlet me tell / I will declareVF2 FAI1S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναmain verb (volitive future)→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'let me tell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (volitive future).
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
18
ἃ σοφοὶ ἐροῦσιν καὶ οὐκ ἔκρυψαν πατέρας αὐτῶν
what wise men will say and have not hidden from their fathers,
He grounds his teaching in the transparent transmission of ancestral wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
σοφοὶthe wiseA1 NPM · σοφόςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσοφός: meaning 'the wise'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
ἐροῦσινsaidVF2 FAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔκρυψανhidVAI AAI3P · κρύπτωmain verb of the relative clause→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardκρύπτω: meaning 'hid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the relative clause.
πατέραςfathersN3 APM · πατήρaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
19
αὐτοῖς μόνοις ἐδόθη ἡ γῆ καὶ οὐκ ἐπῆλθεν ἀλλογενὴς ἐπ' αὐτούς
to whom alone the land was given, and no foreigner came upon them.
The authority of the tradition is reinforced by the imagined purity and stability of the ancestors' inheritance.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
μόνοιςaloneA1 DPM · μόνοςadjective in agreement with ὑμῖν ('with you alone')→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechμόνος: meaning 'alone'; it serves as adjective in agreement with ὑμῖν ('with you alone').
ἐδόθηwas givenVCI API3S · δίδωμιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ constative aorist passiveδίδωμι: meaning 'was given'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπῆλθενhas comeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐπιmain verb (the distress coming upon them as retribution)→ aoristἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'has come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the distress coming upon them as retribution).
ἀλλογενὴςforeignerA3H NSM · ἀλλογενήςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἀλλογενής: meaning 'foreigner'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
20
πᾶς ὁ βίος ἀσεβοῦς ἐν φροντίδι ἔτη δὲ ἀριθμητὰ δεδομένα δυνάστῃ
All the life of the ungodly is spent in anxiety, and the years allotted to the tyrant are numbered.
Eliphaz begins the portrait of the wicked with the inward unrest and finite span that mark their condition.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βίοςlifeN2 NSM · βίοςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechβίος: meaning 'life'; it serves as nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
ἀσεβοῦςof the ungodlyA3H GSM · ἀσεβήςgenitival modifier within the phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitival modifier within the phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
φροντίδιanxiety / careN3D DSF · φροντίςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechφροντίς: meaning 'anxiety'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔτηyearsN3E NPN · ἔτοςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀριθμητὰcounted / numberedA1 NPN · ἀριθμητόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἀριθμητός: meaning 'counted'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δεδομέναgivenVM · χππνπν δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechχππνπν δίδωμι: meaning 'given'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δυνάστῃto the tyrant / mighty manN1M DSM · δυνάστηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδυνάστης: meaning 'to the tyrant'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
21
ὁ δὲ φόβος αὐτοῦ ἐν ὠσὶν αὐτοῦ ὅταν δοκῇ ἤδη εἰρηνεύειν ἥξει αὐτοῦ ἡ καταστροφή
And his terror is in his ears; when he already seems to be at peace, his ruin will come.
The general claim is expanded by describing the wicked as perpetually haunted and suddenly overthrown.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὠσὶνearN3T DPN · οὖςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechοὖς: meaning 'ear'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὅτανwhenD · ὅτανadverb or negative particle shaping the clause-level sense→ indefinite temporal contingencyὅταν: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δοκῇseems / thinksV2 PAS3S · δοκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδοκέω: meaning 'seems'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἤδηalreadyD · ἤδηadverb or particle qualifying the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἤδη: meaning 'already'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰρηνεύεινbe at peaceV1 PAN · εἰρηνεύωinfinitive complement completing the governing verbal idea→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechεἰρηνεύω: meaning 'be at peace'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement completing the governing verbal idea.
ἥξειwill comeVF FAI3S · ἥκωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ futureἥκω: meaning 'will come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταστροφήruin / overthrowN1 NSF · καταστροφήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechκαταστροφή: meaning 'ruin'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
22
μὴ πιστευέτω ἀποστραφῆναι ἀπὸ σκότους ἐντέταλται γὰρ ἤδη εἰς χεῖρας σιδήρου
Let him not think to turn back from darkness, for he has already been appointed into the hands of iron.
Eliphaz declares the wicked man's doom fixed and inescapable.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
πιστευέτωlet him think / trustV1 PAD3S · πιστεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπιστεύω: meaning 'let him think'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀποστραφῆναιturn backVD APN · στρέφω + ἀποinfinitive complement advancing the verbal idea→ infinitival verbal idea dependent on the governing expressionστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'turn back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement advancing the verbal idea.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σκότουςof darknessN3E GSN · σκότοςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσκότος: meaning 'of darkness'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
ἐντέταλταιhas been appointed / commandedVM XPI3S · τέλλομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechτέλλομαι + ἐν: meaning 'has been appointed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤδηalreadyD · ἤδηadverb or particle qualifying the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἤδη: meaning 'already'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
σιδήρουironN2 GSM · σίδηροςgenitive dependent→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσίδηρος: meaning 'iron'; it serves as genitive dependent.
23
κατατέτακται δὲ εἰς σῖτα γυψίν οἶδεν δὲ ἐν ἑαυτῷ ὅτι μένει εἰς πτῶμα ἡμέρα δὲ αὐτὸν σκοτεινὴ στροβήσει
He has been marked out for food for vultures, and he knows within himself that a day of darkness is waiting for his fall and will whirl him away.
The menace becomes more vivid: the wicked lives under the shadow of death and inward foreknowledge of collapse.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
κατατέτακταιhas been assigned / marked outVK XPI3S · τάσσω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechτάσσω + κατα: meaning 'has been assigned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σῖταbreadN2 APN · σῖτοςaccusative nominal element functioning as object or complement→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσῖτος: meaning 'bread'; it serves as accusative nominal element functioning as object or complement.
γυψίνfor vulturesN3P DPM · γύψdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechγύψ: meaning 'for vultures'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οἶδενknowsVX XAI3S · οἶδαverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechοἶδα: meaning 'knows'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἑαυτῷhimself / themselvesRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἑαυτῷ: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μένειremainV1 PAI3S · μένωmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ present verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationμένω: meaning 'remain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πτῶμαπτῶμαN3M ASN · πτῶμαObject / complement→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπτῶμα: meaning 'πτῶμα'; it serves as Object / complement.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
σκοτεινὴdarkA1 NSF · σκοτεινόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσκοτεινός: meaning 'dark'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
στροβήσειwill whirl / confoundVF FAI3S · στροβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechστροβέω: meaning 'will whirl'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
24
ἀνάγκη δὲ καὶ θλῖψις αὐτὸν καθέξει ὥσπερ στρατηγὸς πρωτοστάτης πίπτων
Necessity and affliction will seize him, like a champion general rushing into the front rank.
Judgment is pictured as an overpowering military assault that gives the wicked no room to evade.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀνάγκηἀνάγκηN1 NSF · ἀνάγκηnominative nominal element marking subject, predicate, or apposition→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἀνάγκη: meaning 'ἀνάγκη'; it serves as nominative nominal element marking subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θλῖψιςafflictionN3I NSF · θλῖψιςsubject of ἐγένετο→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechθλῖψις: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as subject of ἐγένετο.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καθέξειwill seize / overpowerVF FAI3S · ἔχω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἔχω + κατα: meaning 'will seize'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
στρατηγὸςgeneralN2 NSM · στρατηγόςpredicate complement after εἶναι→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechστρατηγός: meaning 'general'; it serves as predicate complement after εἶναι.
πρωτοστάτηςfront-rank fighter / championN1M NSM · πρωτοστάτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπρωτοστάτης: meaning 'front-rank fighter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πίπτωνfallV1 · παπνσμ πίπτωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπαπνσμ πίπτω: meaning 'fall'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
25
ὅτι ἦρκεν χεῖρας ἐναντίον τοῦ κυρίου ἔναντι δὲ κυρίου παντοκράτορος ἐτραχηλίασεν
Because he has lifted up his hands against the Lord and has stiffened his neck before the Lord Almighty,
Eliphaz now gives the theological cause of the wicked man's ruin: proud defiance against God.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦρκενhas lifted upVX XAI3P · αἴρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechαἴρω: meaning 'has lifted up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἔναντι: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
παντοκράτοροςAlmightyN3R GSM · παντοκράτωρgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
ἐτραχηλίασενhas stiffened his neck / acted stubbornlyVAI AAI3S · τραχηλάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechτραχηλάω: meaning 'has stiffened his neck'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
26
ἔδραμεν δὲ ἐναντίον αὐτοῦ ὕβρει ἐν πάχει νώτου ἀσπίδος αὐτοῦ
he ran against him in arrogance, in the thickness of the back of his shield.
The rebellion is pictured as a reckless charge against God under the imagined protection of force.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἔδραμενhe ranVBI AAI3S · τρέχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechτρέχω: meaning 'he ran'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὕβρειviolenceN3I DSF · ὕβριςdative element functioning within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechὕβρις: meaning 'violence'; it serves as dative element functioning within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πάχειthicknessN3E DSN · πάχοςdative complement within the clause or phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπάχος: meaning 'thickness'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
νώτουnotonN2N GSN · νῶτονgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechνῶτον: meaning 'noton'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
ἀσπίδοςshieldN3D GSF · ἀσπίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἀσπίς: meaning 'shield'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
27
ὅτι ἐκάλυψεν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ἐν στέατι αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐποίησεν περιστόμιον ἐπὶ τῶν μηρίων
Because he covered his face with his fat and made folds upon his thighs,
Eliphaz adds the image of gross, self-satisfied abundance as a sign of the wicked man's pride.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκάλυψενcoveredVAI AAI3S · καλύπτωmain verb→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechκαλύπτω: meaning 'covered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
στέατιfatN3T DSN · στέαρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechστέαρ: meaning 'fat'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
περιστόμιονfold / padding / swellingN2N ASN · περιστόμιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπεριστόμιον: meaning 'fold'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηρίωνthighsN2N GPN · μηρίονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechμηρίον: meaning 'thighs'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
28
αὐλισθείη δὲ πόλεις ἐρήμους εἰσέλθοι δὲ εἰς οἴκους ἀοικήτους ἃ δὲ ἐκεῖνοι ἡτοίμασαν ἄλλοι ἀποίσονται
he might dwell in ruined cities and enter uninhabited houses; what those men prepared, others will carry away.
His apparent possessions and settlements prove unstable; his gains pass to others.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
αὐλισθείηmight lodge / dwellVC APO3S · αὐλίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechαὐλίζω: meaning 'might lodge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
ἐρήμουςdeserted / ruinedA1B APF · ἔρημοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἔρημος: meaning 'deserted'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰσέλθοιlet enterVB AAO3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'let enter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
οἴκουςhousesN2 APM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechοἶκος: meaning 'houses'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἀοικήτουςuninhabited placesA1B APM · ἀοίκητοςaccusative object or complement→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἀοίκητος: meaning 'uninhabited places'; it serves as accusative object or complement.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκεῖνοιthose menRD NPM · ἐκεῖνοςsubject of ἐστέρηνται→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἐκεῖνος: meaning 'those men'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἡτοίμασανpreparedVAI AAI3P · ἑτοιμάζωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'prepared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἄλλοιotherRD NPM · ἄλλοςnominative term functioning in the clause core→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἄλλος: meaning 'other'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἀποίσονταιwill carry awayVF FMI3P · φέρω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechφέρω + ἀπο: meaning 'will carry away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
29
οὔτε μὴ πλουτισθῇ οὔτε μὴ μείνῃ αὐτοῦ τὰ ὑπάρχοντα οὐ μὴ βάλῃ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν σκιὰν
He will neither grow rich nor will his possessions remain; he will not cast his shadow upon the earth.
Eliphaz summarizes the failure of permanence: wealth, substance, and even lasting presence disappear.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
οὔτεneitherC · οὔτεcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechοὔτε: meaning 'neither'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
πλουτισθῇgrow richVS APS3S · πλουτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπλουτίζω: meaning 'grow rich'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὔτεneitherC · οὔτεcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechοὔτε: meaning 'neither'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
μείνῃremainVA AAS3S · μένωverbal form carrying the action or dependent verbal sense of the clause→ aorist active subjunctiveμένω: meaning 'remain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or dependent verbal sense of the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπάρχονταbeingV1 · παπνπν ἄρχω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπαπνπν ἄρχω + ὑπο: meaning 'being'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
βάλῃballoVB AAS3S · βάλλωmain or subordinate verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeβάλλω: meaning 'ballo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main or subordinate verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
σκιὰνshadowN1A ASF · σκιάaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσκιά: meaning 'shadow'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
30
οὐδὲ μὴ ἐκφύγῃ τὸ σκότος τὸν βλαστὸν αὐτοῦ μαράναι ἄνεμος ἐκπέσοι δὲ αὐτοῦ τὸ ἄνθος
Nor will he escape the darkness; a wind will wither his shoot, and his flower will fall away.
The imagery shifts to vegetation: the wicked man's life and offspring are scorched before maturity.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐκφύγῃhe might escapeVB AAS3S · φεύγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechφεύγω + ἐκ: meaning 'he might escape'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκότοςdarknessN3E ASN · σκότοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechσκότος: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βλαστὸνshoot / sproutN2 ASM · βλαστόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechβλαστός: meaning 'shoot'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
μαράναιto witherVA AAO3S · μαραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechμαραίνω: meaning 'to wither'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνεμοςwindN2 NSM · ἄνεμοςnominative nominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἄνεμος: meaning 'wind'; it serves as nominative nominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκπέσοιwill fall awayVF FAO3S · πίπτω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπίπτω + ἐκ: meaning 'will fall away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνθοςflowerN3E NSN · ἄνθοςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἄνθος: meaning 'flower'; it serves as nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
31
μὴ πιστευέτω ὅτι ὑπομενεῖ κενὰ γὰρ ἀποβήσεται αὐτῷ
Let him not think that he will endure, for empty things will come upon him.
The warning turns direct again: the wicked man's hope of endurance is itself an illusion.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
πιστευέτωlet him think / trustV1 PAD3S · πιστεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπιστεύω: meaning 'let him think'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπομενεῖὑποVF2 FAI3S · μένω + ὑποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechμένω + ὑπο: meaning 'ὑπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
κενὰkenosA1 NPN · κενόςnominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechκενός: meaning 'kenos'; it serves as nominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποβήσεταιἀποβήσεταιVF FMI3S · βαίνω + ἀποverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechβαίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'ἀποβήσεται'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
32
ἡ τομὴ αὐτοῦ πρὸ ὥρας φθαρήσεται καὶ ὁ ῥάδαμνος αὐτοῦ οὐ μὴ πυκάσῃ
His branch will be ruined before its time, and his bough will never grow dense.
Eliphaz intensifies the plant image by stressing premature ruin and failed growth.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τομὴcutting / branchN1 NSF · τομήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechτομή: meaning 'cutting'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition taking a complement within the phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition taking a complement within the phrase.
ὥραςhorasN1A GSF · ὥραnominal term functioning in a gen relation→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechὥρα: meaning 'horas'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a gen relation.
φθαρήσεταιdestroyVD FPI3S · φθείρωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechφθείρω: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥάδαμνοςshrub / boughN2 NSM · ῥάδαμνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechῥάδαμνος: meaning 'shrub'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
πυκάσῃgrow thick / flourish denselyVA AAS3S · πυκάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπυκάζω: meaning 'grow thick'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
33
τρυγηθείη δὲ ὥσπερ ὄμφαξ πρὸ ὥρας ἐκπέσοι δὲ ὡς ἄνθος ἐλαίας
He will be harvested like an unripe grape before the season, and he will fall like the blossom of an olive tree.
A pair of agricultural comparisons underlines how the wicked lose their fruit before maturity.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τρυγηθείηwill be harvested / strippedVC APO3S · τρυγάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechτρυγάω: meaning 'will be harvested'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ὄμφαξsour grapeN3K NSF · ὄμφαξnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechὄμφαξ: meaning 'sour grape'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition taking a complement within the phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition taking a complement within the phrase.
ὥραςhorasN1A GSF · ὥραnominal term functioning in a gen relation→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechὥρα: meaning 'horas'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a gen relation.
ἐκπέσοιwill fall awayVF FAO3S · πίπτω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπίπτω + ἐκ: meaning 'will fall away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἄνθοςflowerN3E NSN · ἄνθοςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἄνθος: meaning 'flower'; it serves as nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
ἐλαίαςelaiasN1A GSF · ἐλαίαnominal term functioning in a gen relation→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἐλαία: meaning 'elaias'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a gen relation.
34
μαρτύριον γὰρ ἀσεβοῦς θάνατος πῦρ δὲ καύσει οἴκους δωροδεκτῶν
For the testimony of the ungodly is death, and fire will burn the houses of bribe-takers.
Eliphaz draws the portrait to a judicial end: the ungodly bear death as their witness and sentence.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
μαρτύριονwitnessN2N NSN · μαρτύριονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechμαρτύριον: meaning 'witness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβοῦςof the ungodlyA3H GSM · ἀσεβήςgenitival modifier within the phrase→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitival modifier within the phrase.
θάνατοςdeathN2 NSM · θάνατοςsubject of συναντήσῃ (first of two feared outcomes)→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as subject of συναντήσῃ (first of two feared outcomes).
πῦρfireN3 NSN · πῦρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καύσειwill burnVF FAI3S · καίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechκαίω: meaning 'will burn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἴκουςhousesN2 APM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechοἶκος: meaning 'houses'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
δωροδεκτῶνbribe-takersN1M GPM · δωροδέκτηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδωροδέκτης: meaning 'bribe-takers'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
35
ἐν γαστρὶ δὲ λήμψεται ὀδύνας ἀποβήσεται δὲ αὐτῷ κενά ἡ δὲ κοιλία αὐτοῦ ὑποίσει δόλον
In his belly he will conceive pains, and what comes forth for him will be empty; his belly will bear deceit.
The closing line returns inward and ends with the idea that the wicked gestate and deliver only pain, emptiness, and deceit.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γαστρὶwombN3 DSF · γαστήρcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechγαστήρ: meaning 'womb'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψεταιreceiveVF FMI3S · λαμβάνωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureλαμβάνω: meaning 'receive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ὀδύναςsorrowsN1 APF · ὀδύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechὀδύνη: meaning 'sorrows'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀποβήσεταιἀποβήσεταιVF FMI3S · βαίνω + ἀποverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechβαίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'ἀποβήσεται'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
κενάempty / vain thingsA1 NPN · κενόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechκενός: meaning 'empty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοιλίαbelly / wombN1A NSF · κοιλίαcommon noun within the clause→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechκοιλία: meaning 'belly'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὑποίσειwill bearVF FAI3S · φέρω + ὑποmain verbal form advancing the action, result, or claim of the proverb→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechφέρω + ὑπο: meaning 'will bear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the action, result, or claim of the proverb.
δόλονdeceitN2 ASM · δόλοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement within the saying→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechδόλος: meaning 'deceit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement within the saying.