1
ὑπολαβὼν δὲ Ιωβ λέγει
Then Job answered and said,
The frame keeps Job as speaker and marks the continuation of his answer.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
ὑπολαβὼνsupposeVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ὑποmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ὑπο: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ΙωβJobN NSM · Ιωβnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenΙωβ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ imperfective descriptionλέγω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
2
ἀκήκοα τοιαῦτα πολλά παρακλήτορες κακῶν πάντες
I have heard many such things; all of you are comforters of evils.
Job dismisses the friends’ speeches as repetitive and names them not comforters but agents of misery.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ἀκήκοαI have heardVK XAI1S · ἀκούωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ imperfective descriptionἀκούω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
τοιαῦταsuch thingsA1 APN · τοιοῦτοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenτοιαῦτα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
πολλάmuchA1 APN · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenπολλά: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
παρακλήτορεςcomfortersN3R NPM · παρακλήτωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenπαρακλήτορες: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
κακῶνevilsA1 GPM · κακόςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκακῶν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenπάντες: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
3
τί γάρ μὴ τάξις ἐστὶν ῥήμασιν πνεύματος ἢ τί παρενοχλήσει σοι ὅτι ἀποκρίνῃ
For is there no limit to windy words, or what will trouble you that you answer?
He rebukes their endless rhetoric and asks what compels them to keep answering this way.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
τίwhatRI NSN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenτί: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
γάρforX · γάρconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenγάρ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
μὴnotD · μήconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμή: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
τάξιςlimitN3I NSF · τάξιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenτάξις: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἐστὶνeimiV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ imperfective descriptionεἰμί: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
ῥήμασινwordsN3M DPN · ῥῆμαdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenῥήμασιν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
πνεύματοςspiritN3M GSN · πνεῦμαgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenπνεύματος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἢorC · ἤconnective element linking the clause to its context→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἤ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
τίwhatRI NSN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenτί: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
παρενοχλήσειwill troubleVF FAI3S · ὀχλέω + παρα + ἐνmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ future projectionὀχλέω + παρα + ἐν: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal dative marking relation, recipient, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenσοι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective element linking the clause to its context→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenὅτι: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ἀποκρίνῃyou answerV1 PAS3S · κρίνω + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκρίνω + ἀπο: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
4
κἀγὼ καθ' ὑμᾶς λαλήσω εἰ ὑπέκειτό γε ἡ ψυχὴ ὑμῶν ἀντὶ τῆς ἐμῆς εἶτ' ἐναλοῦμαι ὑμῖν ῥήμασιν κινήσω δὲ καθ' ὑμῶν κεφαλήν
I also would speak as you do, if indeed your soul lay in place of mine; then I would heap up words against you, and I would shake my head against you.
Job imagines reversing situations and says he too could easily weaponize words and gestures against them.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
κἀγὼand IC+RPNS · καί̈ἐγώconnective element linking the clause to its context→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκαί̈ἐγώ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
καθ'in / duringP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκατά: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenὑμᾶς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
λαλήσωI would speakVA AAS1S · λαλέωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ aoristic eventλαλέω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
εἰifC · εἰconnective element linking the clause to its context→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenεἰ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ὑπέκειτόlay beneath / were placedV5I IMI3S · κεῖμαι + ὑποmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκεῖμαι + ὑπο: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
γεindeedX · γέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenγέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἡ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ψυχὴsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenψυχὴ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenὑμῶν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἀντὶinstead ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἀντί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenτῆς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἐμῆςmyA1 GSF · ἐμόςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἐμῆς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
εἶτ'thenD · εἶταconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenεἶτα: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ἐναλοῦμαιI would heap upVF2 FAI1S · ἅλλομαι + ἐνmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ future projectionἅλλομαι + ἐν: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronominal dative marking relation, recipient, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenὑμῖν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ῥήμασινwordsN3M DPN · ῥῆμαdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenῥήμασιν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
κινήσωI will removeVF FAI1S · κινέωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ future projectionκινέω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
καθ'in / duringP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκατά: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenὑμῶν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
κεφαλήνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκεφαλήν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
5
εἴη δὲ ἰσχὺς ἐν τῷ στόματί μου κίνησιν δὲ χειλέων οὐ φείσομαι
And may there be strength in my mouth, yet I will not spare the movement of my lips.
Even if strength of speech were available, he says he would not hold back the lips that could wound them.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εἴηwere / would beV9 PAO3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenεἰμί: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ἰσχὺςstrengthN3U NSF · ἰσχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἰσχὺς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἐν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenτῷ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
στόματίmouthN3M DSN · στόμαdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenστόματί: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
κίνησινmovementN3I ASF · κίνησιςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκίνησιν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
χειλέωνlipsN3E GPN · χεῖλοςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenχειλέων: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
οὐnotD · οὐconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenοὐ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
φείσομαιspareVF FMI1S · φείδομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ future projectionφείδομαι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
6
ἐὰν γὰρ λαλήσω οὐκ ἀλγήσω τὸ τραῦμα ἐὰν δὲ καὶ σιωπήσω τί ἔλαττον τρωθήσομαι
For if I speak, my wound will not cease to ache; and if I keep silence, how much less shall I be wounded?
Whether he speaks or remains silent, the suffering does not diminish; Job is trapped in an impasse.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective element linking the clause to its context→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἐάν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenγάρ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
λαλήσωI will speakVF FAI1S · λαλέωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ future projectionλαλέω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenοὐ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ἀλγήσωI will acheVF FAI1S · ἀλγέωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ future projectionἀλγέω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenτὸ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
τραῦμαNominal or adjectival form from τραῦμα with the sense “τραῦμα” here.N3M ASN · τραῦμαaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenτραῦμα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective element linking the clause to its context→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἐάν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
καὶandC · καίconnective element linking the clause to its context→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
σιωπήσωkeep silentVF FAI1S · σιωπάωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ future projectionσιωπάω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
τίwhatRI NSN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenτί: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἔλαττονlessA3N NSN · ἐλάττωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἔλαττον: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
τρωθήσομαιI shall be woundedVC FPI1S · τιτρώσκωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenτιτρώσκω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
7
νῦν δὲ κατάκοπόν με πεποίηκεν μωρόν σεσηπότα
But now he has made me utterly weary, rotten, and wasted.
The chapter turns from the friends to the present devastation of Job’s own condition.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
νῦνnowD · νῦνconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenνῦν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
κατάκοπόνutterly wearyA1B ASM · κατάκοποςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκατάκοπόν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμε: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
πεποίηκενhas madeVX XAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ imperfective descriptionποιέω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
μωρόνwasted / foolish thingA1A ASM · μωρόςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμωρόν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
σεσηπόταrottedVX · χαπασμ σήπωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenχαπασμ σήπω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
8
καὶ ἐπελάβου μου εἰς μαρτύριον ἐγενήθη καὶ ἀνέστη ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸ ψεῦδός μου κατὰ πρόσωπόν μου ἀνταπεκρίθη
And he laid hold of me as a witness; it became so, and my lie rose up within me and answered against my face.
His wasted state itself rises like testimony against him, as though false evidence had stood up in court.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconnective element linking the clause to its context→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ἐπελάβουyou laid holdVBI AMI2S · λαμβάνω + ἐπιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ aoristic eventλαμβάνω + ἐπι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenεἰς: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
μαρτύριονwitnessN2N ASN · μαρτύριονaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμαρτύριον: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἐγενήθηbecome / happenVCI API3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenγίγνομαι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
καὶandC · καίconnective element linking the clause to its context→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ἀνέστηraise upVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀναmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ aoristic eventἵστημι + ἀνα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἐν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ἐμοὶmeRP DS · ἐγώpronominal dative marking relation, recipient, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἐμοὶ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenτὸ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ψεῦδόςfalsehoodN3E NSN · ψεῦδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenψεῦδός: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκατά: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
πρόσωπόνfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenπρόσωπόν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἀνταπεκρίθηanswered backVCI API3S · κρίνω + ἀντι ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκρίνω + ἀντι ἀπο: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
9
ὀργῇ χρησάμενος κατέβαλέν με ἔβρυξεν ἐπ' ἐμὲ τοὺς ὀδόντας βέλη πειρατῶν αὐτοῦ ἐπ' ἐμοὶ ἔπεσεν
Using anger, he cast me down; he gnashed his teeth against me, and the arrows of his raiders fell upon me.
Job now names wrath itself as the agent that has cast him down and set hostile force against him.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὀργῇwith angerN1 DSF · ὀργήdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenὀργῇ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
χρησάμενοςhaving usedVA · αμπνσμ χράωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenαμπνσμ χράω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
κατέβαλένcast downVBI AAI3S · βάλλω + καταmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ aoristic eventβάλλω + κατα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμε: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἔβρυξενgnashedVAI AAI3S · βρύχωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ aoristic eventβρύχω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἐπί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἐμὲ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenτοὺς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ὀδόνταςὀδούςN3 APM · ὀδούςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenὀδόντας: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
βέληarrowsN3E NPN · βέλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenβέλη: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
πειρατῶνraidersN1M GPM · πειρατήςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenπειρατῶν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἐπί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ἐμοὶmeRP DS · ἐγώpronominal dative marking relation, recipient, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἐμοὶ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἔπεσενfellVBI AAI3S · πίπτωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ aoristic eventπίπτω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
10
ἀκίσιν ὀφθαλμῶν ἐνήλατο ὀξεῖ ἔπαισέν με εἰς σιαγόνα ὁμοθυμαδὸν δὲ κατέδραμον ἐπ' ἐμοί
With the points of their eyes they leapt at me; sharply he struck me on the cheek, and with one accord they rushed upon me.
The assault becomes communal and bodily, with hostile faces, blows, and converging attackers.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἀκίσινwith the pointsN3D DPF · ἀκίςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἀκίσιν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ὀφθαλμῶνeyesN2 GPM · ὀφθαλμόςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenὀφθαλμῶν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἐνήλατοleaptVAI AMI3S · ἅλλομαι + ἐνmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ aoristic eventἅλλομαι + ἐν: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
ὀξεῖsharplyA3U DSM · ὀξύςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenὀξεῖ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἔπαισένstruckVAI AAI3S · παίωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ aoristic eventπαίω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμε: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenεἰς: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
σιαγόναcheekN3N ASF · σιαγώνaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenσιαγόνα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ὁμοθυμαδὸνwith one accordD · ὁμοθυμαδόνconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenὁμοθυμαδόν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
κατέδραμονrushed downVBI AAI3P · τρέχω + καταmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ aoristic eventτρέχω + κατα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἐπί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ἐμοίIRP DS · ἐγώpronominal dative marking relation, recipient, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἐμοί: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
11
παρέδωκεν γάρ με ὁ κύριος εἰς χεῖρας ἀδίκου ἐπὶ δὲ ἀσεβέσιν ἔρριψέν με
For the Lord handed me over into the hands of the unjust, and he cast me upon the ungodly.
Job attributes the handing-over not merely to enemies but to the Lord’s own action.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
παρέδωκενto hand overVAI AAI3S · δίδωμι + παραmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ aoristic eventδίδωμι + παρα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
γάρforX · γάρconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenγάρ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμε: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenὁ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκύριος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenεἰς: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenχεῖρας: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἀδίκουinjusticeA1B GSM · ἄδικοςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἀδίκου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἐπί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ἀσεβέσινungodlyA3H DPM · ἀσεβήςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἀσεβέσιν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἔρριψένcastVAI AAI3S · ῥίπτωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ aoristic eventῥίπτω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμε: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
12
εἰρηνεύοντα διεσκέδασέν με λαβών με τῆς κόμης διέτιλεν κατέστησέν με ὥσπερ σκοπόν
While I was at peace, he scattered me; taking me by the hair, he tore me apart and set me up like a target.
Peace is broken apart as God seizes, tears, and fixes Job as an exposed target.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εἰρηνεύονταbeing at peaceV1 · παπασμ εἰρηνεύωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenπαπασμ εἰρηνεύω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
διεσκέδασένscatteredVAI AAI3S · σκεδάζω + διαmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ aoristic eventσκεδάζω + δια: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμε: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
λαβώνhaving takenVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenααπνσμ λαμβάνω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμε: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenτῆς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
κόμηςhairN1 GSF · κόμηgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκόμης: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
διέτιλενtore apartVBI AAI3S · τίλλω + διαmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ aoristic eventτίλλω + δια: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
κατέστησένsetVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + καταmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ aoristic eventἵστημι + κατα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμε: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenὥσπερ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
σκοπόνtargetN2 ASM · σκοπόςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenσκοπόν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
13
ἐκύκλωσάν με λόγχαις βάλλοντες εἰς νεφρούς μου οὐ φειδόμενοι ἐξέχεαν εἰς τὴν γῆν τὴν χολήν μου
They surrounded me with spears, striking my kidneys without sparing; they poured out my gall upon the ground.
The target imagery deepens into penetrating wounds and the spilling out of life itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἐκύκλωσάνthey encircledVAI AAI3P · κυκλόωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ aoristic eventκυκλόω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμε: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
λόγχαιςwith spearsN1 DPF · λόγχηdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenλόγχαις: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
βάλλοντεςthrowingV1 · παπνπμ βάλλωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenπαπνπμ βάλλω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenεἰς: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
νεφρούςkidneysN2 APM · νεφρόςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenνεφρούς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
οὐnotD · οὐconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenοὐ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
φειδόμενοιsparingV1 · πμπνπμ φείδομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenπμπνπμ φείδομαι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
ἐξέχεανpoured outVAI AAI3P · χέω + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ aoristic eventχέω + ἐκ: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenεἰς: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenτὴν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenγῆν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenτὴν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
χολήνgallN1 ASF · χολήaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenχολήν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
14
κατέβαλόν με πτῶμα ἐπὶ πτώματι ἔδραμον πρός με δυνάμενοι
They cast me down, collapse upon collapse; men of strength ran at me.
The assault is layered and cumulative, collapse upon collapse under overpowering attackers.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
κατέβαλόνthey cast downVBI AAI3P · βάλλω + καταmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ aoristic eventβάλλω + κατα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμε: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
πτῶμαπτῶμαN3M ASN · πτῶμαaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenπτῶμα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἐπί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
πτώματιfallN3M DSN · πτῶμαdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenπτώματι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἔδραμονranVBI AAI3P · τρέχωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ aoristic eventτρέχω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenπρός: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμε: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
δυνάμενοιbeing ableV6 · πμπνπμ δύναμαιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenπμπνπμ δύναμαι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
15
σάκκον ἔρραψα ἐπὶ βύρσης μου τὸ δὲ σθένος μου ἐν γῇ ἐσβέσθη
I sewed sackcloth upon my skin, and my strength was extinguished in the earth.
Job turns from violence to the signs of mourning that now cling to his body and strength.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
σάκκονsackclothN2 ASM · σάκκοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenσάκκον: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἔρραψαI sewedVAI AAI1S · ῥάπτωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ aoristic eventῥάπτω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἐπί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
βύρσηςskin / hideN1S GSF · βύρσαgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenβύρσης: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenτὸ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
σθένοςstrengthN3E NSN · σθένοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenσθένος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἐν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenγῇ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἐσβέσθηwas extinguishedVSI API3S · σβέννυμιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenσβέννυμι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
16
ἡ γαστήρ μου συγκέκαυται ἀπὸ κλαυθμοῦ ἐπὶ δὲ βλεφάροις μου σκιά
My belly has been scorched from weeping, and upon my eyelids is shadow.
Weeping and shadow register the ongoing bodily aftermath of the assault.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἡ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
γαστήρbellyN3 NSF · γαστήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenγαστήρ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
συγκέκαυταιhas been scorchedVM XPI3S · καίω + συνmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκαίω + συν: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἀπό: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
κλαυθμοῦweepingN2 GSM · κλαυθμόςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκλαυθμοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἐπί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
βλεφάροιςeyelidsN2N DPM · βλέφαρονdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenβλεφάροις: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
σκιάshadowN1A NSF · σκιάnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenσκιά: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
17
ἄδικον δὲ οὐδὲν ἦν ἐν χερσίν μου εὐχὴ δέ μου καθαρά
Yet there was no injustice in my hands, and my prayer was pure.
Against all appearances, Job insists that neither his hands nor his prayer were polluted by injustice.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἄδικονunjustA1B NSN · ἄδικοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἄδικον: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
οὐδὲνno oneA3 NSN · οὐδείςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenοὐδὲν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenεἰμί: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἐν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
χερσίνhandN3 DPF · χείρdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenχερσίν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
εὐχὴvotive offeringN1 NSF · εὐχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenεὐχὴ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
δέbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
καθαράpureA1A NSF · καθαρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκαθαρά: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
18
γῆ μὴ ἐπικαλύψῃς ἐφ' αἵματι τῆς σαρκός μου μηδὲ εἴη τόπος τῇ κραυγῇ μου
O earth, do not cover over the blood of my flesh, and let there be no place for my cry.
He appeals to the earth itself not to hide his blood and not to mute his outcry.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenγῆ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
μὴnotD · μήconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμή: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ἐπικαλύψῃςyou cover overVA AAS2S · καλύπτω + ἐπιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ aoristic eventκαλύπτω + ἐπι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἐπί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
αἵματιbloodN3M DSN · αἷμαdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenαἵματι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenτῆς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
σαρκόςfleshN3K GSF · σάρξgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenσαρκός: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
μηδὲand do not / norC · μηδέconnective element linking the clause to its context→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμηδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
εἴηwere / would beV9 PAO3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenεἰμί: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
τόποςplaceN2 NSM · τόποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenτόπος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenτῇ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
κραυγῇwith a cryN1 DSF · κραυγήdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκραυγῇ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
19
καὶ νῦν ἰδοὺ ἐν οὐρανοῖς ὁ μάρτυς μου ὁ δὲ συνίστωρ μου ἐν ὑψίστοις
And even now, behold, my witness is in the heavens, and the one who knows me is in the heights.
In sudden upward turn, Job names a witness and knower in heaven above all earthly misreading.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective element linking the clause to its context→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
νῦνnowD · νῦνconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenνῦν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἰδού: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἐν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
οὐρανοῖςin heavensN2 DPM · οὐρανόςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenοὐρανοῖς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenὁ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
μάρτυςwitnessN3 NSM · μάρτυςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμάρτυς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenὁ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
συνίστωρone who knows meN3R NSM · συνίστωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenσυνίστωρ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἐν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ὑψίστοιςthe heightsA1 DPN · ὕψιστοςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenὑψίστοις: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
20
ἀφίκοιτό μου ἡ δέησις πρὸς κύριον ἔναντι δὲ αὐτοῦ στάζοι μου ὁ ὀφθαλμός
May my supplication come before the Lord, and before him may my eye drip tears.
The appeal becomes direct supplication before the Lord, accompanied by tears.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἀφίκοιτόmay it comeVB AMO3S · ἱκνέομαι + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἱκνέομαι + ἀπο: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἡ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
δέησιςsupplicationN3I NSF · δέησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenδέησις: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenπρός: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκύριον: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἔναντι: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
στάζοιmay dripV1 PAO3S · στάζωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenστάζω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenμου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenὁ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ὀφθαλμόςeyeN2 NSM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenὀφθαλμός: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
21
εἴη δὲ ἔλεγχος ἀνδρὶ ἔναντι κυρίου καὶ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου τῷ πλησίον αὐτοῦ
And may there be a reproof for a man before the Lord, and for a son of man with his neighbor.
Job longs for a true case to be established for a man before God and before his fellow human.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εἴηwere / would beV9 PAO3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenεἰμί: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ἔλεγχοςreproofN2 NSM · ἔλεγχοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἔλεγχος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἀνδρὶmanN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἀνδρὶ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἔναντι: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκυρίου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
καὶandC · καίconnective element linking the clause to its context→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenυἱὸς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἀνθρώπου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenτῷ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenπλησίον: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
22
ἔτη δὲ ἀριθμητὰ ἥκασιν ὁδῷ δέ ᾗ οὐκ ἐπαναστραφήσομαι πορεύσομαι
And numbered years have come, and I will go on a road from which I shall not return.
The chapter closes under numbered years and the irreversible road toward death.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἔτηyearsN3E NPN · ἔτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἔτη: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ἀριθμητὰnumberedA1 NPN · ἀριθμητόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenἀριθμητὰ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
ἥκασινhave comeV1 PAI3P · ἥκωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ imperfective descriptionἥκω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
ὁδῷwayN2 DSF · ὁδόςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenὁδῷ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
δέbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ᾗᾗRR DSF · ὅςpronominal dative marking relation, recipient, or reference within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenᾗ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 16's lament, bodily imagery, and witness appeal.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenοὐ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 16's complaint and plea.
ἐπαναστραφήσομαιI shall return backVD FPI1S · στρέφω + ἐπι + ἀναmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ hostile comforters and witness in heavenστρέφω + ἐπι + ἀνα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.
πορεύσομαιI will travelVF FMI1S · πορεύομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, lament, or appeal→ future projectionπορεύομαι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 16's protest, assault imagery, and appeal for heavenly vindication.