1
ὑπολαβὼν δὲ Βαλδαδ ὁ Σαυχίτης λέγει
Then Bildad the Shuhite answered and said,
The frame introduces Bildad as the next speaker and marks the shift from Job’s lament to direct rebuttal.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ὑπολαβὼνsupposeVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ὑποmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ὑπο: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
ΒαλδαδBildadN NSM · Βαλδαδnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedΒαλδαδ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedὁ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ΣαυχίτηςShuhiteN1M NSM · Σαυχίτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedΣαυχίτης: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ imperfective descriptionλέγω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
2
μέχρι τίνος οὐ παύσῃ ἐπίσχες ἵνα καὶ αὐτοὶ λαλήσωμεν
How long will you not stop? Restrain yourself, so that we too may speak.
Bildad begins with an impatient rebuke, demanding that Job stop long enough for the friends to answer.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
μέχριuntilP · μέχριpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedμέχρι: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
τίνοςwho? / what?RI GSM · τίςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedτίνος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
οὐnotD · οὐconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedοὐ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
παύσῃyou will stopVF FMI2S · παύωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ future projectionπαύω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
ἐπίσχεςhold backVB AAD2S · ἔχω + ἐπιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ aoristic eventἔχω + ἐπι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective element linking the clause to its context→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἵνα: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
καὶandD · καίconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
αὐτοὶhe / she / itRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτοὶ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
λαλήσωμενwe may speakVA AAS1P · λαλέωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ aoristic eventλαλέω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
3
διὰ τί ὥσπερ τετράποδα σεσιωπήκαμεν ἐναντίον σου
Why have we been silent before you as though we were four-footed beasts?
He sharpens the rebuke by accusing Job of treating them as speechless animals.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedδιά: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedτί: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedὥσπερ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
τετράποδαfour-footed animalsA1B NPN · τετράποδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedτετράποδα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
σεσιωπήκαμενwe have been silentVX XAI1P · σιωπάωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ imperfective descriptionσιωπάω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐναντίον: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedσου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
4
κέχρηταί σοι ὀργή τί γάρ ἐὰν σὺ ἀποθάνῃς ἀοίκητος ἡ ὑπ' οὐρανόν ἢ καταστραφήσεται ὄρη ἐκ θεμελίων
Anger has made use of you. For what if you die? Will the inhabited world under heaven become unpeopled, or will the mountains be overturned from their foundations?
Bildad mocks Job’s anger by denying that the world will be undone simply because Job rages or dies.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
κέχρηταίhas made use ofVM XMI3S · χράομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedχράομαι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal dative marking relation, recipient, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedσοι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ὀργήorgeN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedὀργή: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
τίwhatRI NSN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedτί: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
γάρforX · γάρconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedγάρ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective element linking the clause to its context→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐάν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedσὺ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἀποθάνῃςyou dieVB AAS2S · θνήσκω + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ aoristic eventθνήσκω + ἀπο: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
ἀοίκητοςwithout inhabitantsA1B NSF · ἀοίκητοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἀοίκητος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἡ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ὑπ'byP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedὑπό: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
οὐρανόνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedοὐρανόν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἢorC · ἤconnective element linking the clause to its context→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἤ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
καταστραφήσεταιit will be overthrownVD FPI3S · στρέφω + καταmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedστρέφω + κατα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
ὄρηmountainsN3E NPN · ὄροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedὄρη: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐκ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
θεμελίωνfoundationN2N GPN · θεμέλιονgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedθεμελίων: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
5
καὶ φῶς ἀσεβῶν σβεσθήσεται καὶ οὐκ ἀποβήσεται αὐτῶν ἡ φλόξ
And the light of the ungodly will be quenched, and their flame will not blaze forth.
The speech now turns from rebuke to wisdom-style judgment: the light of the ungodly is extinguished.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandD · καίconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedφῶς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἀσεβῶν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
σβεσθήσεταιquenchVS FPI3S · σβέννυμιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedσβέννυμι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
καὶandC · καίconnective element linking the clause to its context→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedοὐ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
ἀποβήσεταιἀποβήσεταιVF FMI3S · βαίνω + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ future projectionβαίνω + ἀπο: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτῶν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἡ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
φλόξflameN3G NSF · φλόξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedφλόξ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
6
τὸ φῶς αὐτοῦ σκότος ἐν διαίτῃ ὁ δὲ λύχνος ἐπ' αὐτῷ σβεσθήσεται
His light is darkness in his dwelling, and the lamp above him will be quenched.
The extinguishing of light is brought inward to the wicked person’s own dwelling and lamp.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedτὸ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
φῶςlightN3T NSN · φῶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedφῶς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
σκότοςdarknessN3E NSN · σκότοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedσκότος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
διαίτῃdwellingN1S DSF · δίαιταdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedδιαίτῃ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedὁ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
λύχνοςlampN2 NSM · λύχνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedλύχνος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐπί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal dative marking relation, recipient, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτῷ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
σβεσθήσεταιquenchVS FPI3S · σβέννυμιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedσβέννυμι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
7
θηρεύσαισαν ἐλάχιστοι τὰ ὑπάρχοντα αὐτοῦ σφάλαι δὲ αὐτοῦ ἡ βουλή
May the least of his possessions be hunted down, and may his own plan cause him to stumble.
Bildad begins a chain of curse-like wishes in which the wicked man’s own possessions and counsel turn against him.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
θηρεύσαισανmay they hunt downVA AAO3P · θηρεύωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ aoristic eventθηρεύω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
ἐλάχιστοιthe least thingsA1 NPMS · ἐλαχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐλάχιστοι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedτὰ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ὑπάρχονταpossessionsV1 · παπαπν ἄρχω + ὑποmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedπαπαπν ἄρχω + ὑπο: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
σφάλαιcause to stumbleVB AAO3S · σφάλλωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ aoristic eventσφάλλω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἡ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
βουλήcounselN1 NSF · βουλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedβουλή: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
8
ἐμβέβληται δὲ ὁ ποὺς αὐτοῦ ἐν παγίδι ἐν δικτύῳ ἑλιχθείη
For his foot has been thrown into a snare, and may he be entangled in a net.
The image tightens from stumbling counsel to an actual snare and net around the foot.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐμβέβληταιhas been thrownVM XMI3S · βάλλω + ἐνmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedβάλλω + ἐν: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedὁ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ποὺςfootN3D NSM · πούςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedποὺς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
παγίδιsnareN3D DSF · παγίςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedπαγίδι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
δικτύῳnetworkN2N DSN · δίκτυονdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedδικτύῳ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἑλιχθείηmay he be entangledVQ APO3S · ἑλίσσωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἑλίσσω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
9
ἔλθοισαν δὲ ἐπ' αὐτὸν παγίδες κατισχύσει ἐπ' αὐτὸν διψῶντας
And may traps come upon him; one who thirsts will overpower him.
The trap imagery expands into active pursuit as traps and hungry force overtake the victim.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἔλθοισανmay they comeVB AAO3P · ἔρχομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ aoristic eventἔρχομαι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐπί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτὸν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
παγίδεςsnaresN3D NPF · παγίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedπαγίδες: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
κατισχύσειwill overpowerVF FAI3S · ἰσχύω + καταmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ future projectionἰσχύω + κατα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐπί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτὸν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
διψῶνταςone thirsting / the hungryV3 · παπαπμ διψάωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedπαπαπμ διψάω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
10
κέκρυπται ἐν τῇ γῇ σχοινίον αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡ σύλλημψις αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τρίβων
His cord is hidden in the earth, and his capture lies on the pathways.
Bildad underscores that the means of capture are already laid out secretly along the paths.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
κέκρυπταιis hiddenVP XMI3S · κρύπτωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedκρύπτω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedτῇ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedγῇ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
σχοινίονlineN2 NSN · σχοινίονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedσχοινίον: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
καὶandC · καίconnective element linking the clause to its context→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἡ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
σύλλημψιςcaptureN3I NSF · σύλληψιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedσύλλημψις: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐπί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
τρίβωνpathsN2 GPM · τρίβοςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedτρίβων: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
11
κύκλῳ ὀλέσαισαν αὐτὸν ὀδύναι πολλοὶ δὲ περὶ πόδας αὐτοῦ ἔλθοισαν ἐν λιμῷ στενῷ
May pains destroy him all around, and may many come at his feet in the grip of narrow famine.
The attack now becomes total: terrors and hunger surround the wicked person from every side.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
κύκλῳaroundN2 DSM · κύκλοςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedκύκλῳ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ὀλέσαισανmay they destroyVA AAO3P · ὄλλυμιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ aoristic eventὄλλυμι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτὸν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ὀδύναιpainsN1 NPF · ὀδύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedὀδύναι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
πολλοὶmanyA1 NPM · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedπολλοὶ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedπερί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
πόδαςpoysN3D APM · πούςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedπόδας: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἔλθοισανmay they comeVB AAO3P · ἔρχομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ aoristic eventἔρχομαι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
λιμῷfamineN2 DSM · λιμόςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedλιμῷ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
στενῷnarrowA1 DSM · στενόςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedστενῷ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
12
πτῶμα δὲ αὐτῷ ἡτοίμασται ἐξαίσιον
And an extraordinary fall has been prepared for him.
The encirclement issues in a catastrophic fall already prepared for him.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
πτῶμαfall / ruinN3M NSN · πτῶμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedπτῶμα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal dative marking relation, recipient, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτῷ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἡτοίμασταιhas been preparedVT XPI3S · ἑτοιμάζωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἑτοιμάζω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
ἐξαίσιονextraordinary / dreadfulA1B NSN · ἐξαίσιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐξαίσιον: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
13
βρωθείησαν αὐτοῦ κλῶνες ποδῶν κατέδεται δὲ τὰ ὡραῖα αὐτοῦ θάνατος
May the branches of his feet be devoured, and may death consume his beauties.
The imagery moves onto the body itself as devouring judgment reaches feet and beauty alike.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
βρωθείησανmay they be devouredVC APO3P · βιβρώσκωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedβιβρώσκω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
κλῶνεςbranchesN3W NPM · κλώνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedκλῶνες: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ποδῶνfootN3D GPM · πούςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedποδῶν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
κατέδεταιshall devourVF FMI3S · ἐσθίω + καταmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ future projectionἐσθίω + κατα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedτὰ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ὡραῖαbeautiful placesA1A APN · ὡραῖοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedὡραῖα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
θάνατοςdeathN2 NSM · θάνατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedθάνατος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
14
ἐκραγείη δὲ ἐκ διαίτης αὐτοῦ ἴασις σχοίη δὲ αὐτὸν ἀνάγκη αἰτίᾳ βασιλικῇ
And healing will be torn from his dwelling; necessity will seize him for a royal accusation.
Security and recovery are ripped away, and unavoidable judgment seizes the wicked man.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐκραγείηmay be torn awayVD APO3S · ῥ́γνυμι + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedῥ́γνυμι + ἐκ: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐκ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
διαίτηςdwellingN1S GSF · δίαιταgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedδιαίτης: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἴασιςhealingN3I NSF · ἴασιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἴασις: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
σχοίηmay seizeVB AAO3S · ἔχωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ aoristic eventἔχω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτὸν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἀνάγκηἀνάγκηN1 NSF · ἀνάγκηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἀνάγκη: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
αἰτίᾳguiltyN1A DSF · αἰτίαdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαἰτίᾳ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
βασιλικῇroyalA1 DSF · βασιλικόςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedβασιλικῇ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
15
κατασκηνώσει ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ αὐτοῦ ἐν νυκτὶ αὐτοῦ κατασπαρήσονται τὰ εὐπρεπῆ αὐτοῦ θείῳ
It will dwell in his tent during his night; his fine things will be scattered with sulfur.
The devastation settles into the tent itself, where sulfur scatters what once appeared splendid.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
κατασκηνώσειsettleVF FAI3S · σκηνόω + καταmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ future projectionσκηνόω + κατα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedτῇ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
σκηνῇtentN1 DSF · σκηνήdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedσκηνῇ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
νυκτὶnightN3 DSF · νύξdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedνυκτὶ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
κατασπαρήσονταιwill be scatteredVD FPI3P · σπείρω + καταmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedσπείρω + κατα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedτὰ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
εὐπρεπῆfine thingsA3H NPN · εὐπρεπήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedεὐπρεπῆ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
θείῳwith sulfurN2N DSN · θεῖονdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedθείῳ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
16
ὑποκάτωθεν αἱ ῥίζαι αὐτοῦ ξηρανθήσονται καὶ ἐπάνωθεν ἐπιπεσεῖται θερισμὸς αὐτοῦ
Below, his roots will dry up, and above, his harvest will fall away.
The ruin reaches both directions at once: roots below dry up and harvest above collapses.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὑποκάτωθενunderneathD · ὑποκάτωθενconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedὑποκάτωθεν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαἱ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ῥίζαιrootsN1S NPF · ῥίζαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedῥίζαι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ξηρανθήσονταιdry upVC FPI3P · ξηραίνωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedξηραίνω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
καὶandC · καίconnective element linking the clause to its context→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
ἐπάνωθενEpanothenD · ἐπάνωθενconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐπάνωθεν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
ἐπιπεσεῖταιfell uponVF2 FMI3S · πίπτω + ἐπιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ future projectionπίπτω + ἐπι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
θερισμὸςharvestN2 NSM · θερισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedθερισμὸς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
17
τὸ μνημόσυνον αὐτοῦ ἀπόλοιτο ἐκ γῆς καὶ ὑπάρχει ὄνομα αὐτῷ ἐπὶ πρόσωπον ἐξωτέρω
May his memorial perish from the earth, and let there be no name for him on the face of the outdoors.
The speech next erases memory and name from the earth and from public space.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedτὸ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
μνημόσυνονmemorialN2N NSN · μνημόσυνονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedμνημόσυνον: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἀπόλοιτοmay perishVB AMO3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedὀλλύω + ἀπο: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐκ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedγῆς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
καὶandC · καίconnective element linking the clause to its context→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
ὑπάρχειthere isV1 PAI3S · ἄρχω + ὑποmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ imperfective descriptionἄρχω + ὑπο: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedὄνομα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal dative marking relation, recipient, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτῷ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐπί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedπρόσωπον: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἐξωτέρωoutsideD · ἔξωτέροςconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἔξωτέρος: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
18
ἀπώσειεν αὐτὸν ἐκ φωτὸς εἰς σκότος
May one thrust him from light into darkness.
The wicked person is imagined as thrust wholly from the sphere of light into darkness.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ἀπώσειενmay thrust awayVA AAO3S · ὠθέω + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ aoristic eventὠθέω + ἀπο: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτὸν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐκ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
φωτὸςlightN3T GSN · φῶςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedφωτὸς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedεἰς: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
σκότοςdarknessN3E ASN · σκότοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedσκότος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
19
οὐκ ἔσται ἐπίγνωστος ἐν λαῷ αὐτοῦ οὐδὲ σεσῳσμένος ἐν τῇ ὑπ' οὐρανὸν ὁ οἶκος αὐτοῦ ἀλλ' ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῦ ζήσονται ἕτεροι
There will not be one known among his people, nor one preserved from his house under heaven, but others will live among his goods.
No surviving representative remains from his house; instead, others occupy what had been his.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedοὐ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ future projectionεἰμί: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
ἐπίγνωστοςknownA1B NSM · ἐπίγνωστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐπίγνωστος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedλαῷ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective element linking the clause to its context→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedοὐδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
σεσῳσμένοςpreservedVT · χππνσμ σώζωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedχππνσμ σώζω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedτῇ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ὑπ'byP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedὑπό: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedοὐρανὸν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedὁ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedοἶκος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective element linking the clause to its context→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἀλλά: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedτοῖς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ζήσονταιthey shall liveVF FMI3P · ζάωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ future projectionζάω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
ἕτεροιotherA1A NPM · ἕτεροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἕτεροι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
20
ἐπ' αὐτῷ ἐστέναξαν ἔσχατοι πρώτους δὲ ἔσχεν θαῦμα
At him the last ones groaned, and astonishment seized the first ones.
The destruction becomes a public spectacle of groaning and astonishment among later and earlier observers.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἐπί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal dative marking relation, recipient, or reference within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedαὐτῷ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἐστέναξανgroanedVAI AAI3P · στενάζωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ aoristic eventστενάζω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
ἔσχατοιlastA1 NPM · ἔσχατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἔσχατοι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
πρώτουςthe first onesA1 APMS · πρῶτοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedπρώτους: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
ἔσχενnext to / adjoiningVBI AAI3S · ἔχωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ aoristic eventἔχω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
θαῦμαastonishmentN3M NSN · θαῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedθαῦμα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
21
οὗτοί εἰσιν οἶκοι ἀδίκων οὗτος δὲ ὁ τόπος τῶν μὴ εἰδότων τὸν κύριον
These are the houses of the unjust, and this is the place of those who do not know the Lord.
Bildad closes by identifying the whole catalogue as the proper dwelling place of the unjust and of those ignorant of the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
οὗτοίtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedοὗτοί: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
εἰσινareV9 PAI3P · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ imperfective descriptionεἰμί: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
οἶκοιhouseN2 NPM · οἶκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedοἶκοι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
ἀδίκωνof the unjustA1B GPM · ἄδικοςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedἀδίκων: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedοὗτος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedὁ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
τόποςplaceN2 NSM · τόποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedτόπος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedτῶν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
μὴnotD · μήconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedμή: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Bildad's accusation and warning in Job 18.
εἰδότωνknowingVX · χαπγπμ οἶδαmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, threat, or judgment image→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedχαπγπμ οἶδα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Bildad's judgment-speech in Job 18.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedτὸν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ bildad: extinguished lamp of the wickedκύριον: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 18's imagery of extinction, entrapment, and erasure.