1
ὑπολαβὼν δὲ Ιωβ λέγει
Then Job answered and said,
The verse frames Job's reply to the attacks of his companions.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
ὑπολαβὼνsupposeVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ὑποparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ὑπο: meaning 'suppose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωβJobN NSM · Ιωβadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeΙωβ: meaning 'Job'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
2
ἕως τίνος ἔγκοπον ποιήσετε ψυχήν μου καὶ καθαιρεῖτε με λόγοις
How long will you make my soul weary and pull me down with words?
Job opens with a direct complaint about the exhausting violence of his friends' speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τίνοςwhatRI GSN · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeτίνος: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἔγκοπονwearisome / grievousA1B ASF · ἔγκοποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἔγκοπος: meaning 'wearisome'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποιήσετεdo / makeVF FAI2P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ future / prospective force looking ahead from the speech momentποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθαιρεῖτεpull down / demolishV2 PAI2P · αἱρέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeαἱρέω + κατα: meaning 'pull down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
λόγοιςwordN2 DPM · λόγοςcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
3
γνῶτε μόνον ὅτι ὁ κύριος ἐποίησέ με οὕτως καταλαλεῖτέ μου οὐκ αἰσχυνόμενοί με ἐπίκεισθέ μοι
Know only that the Lord has dealt with me thus; you speak against me without shame and press upon me.
He grounds his protest in the claim that God has placed him in this state while his friends shamelessly intensify it.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
γνῶτεknowingVZ AAD2P · γιγνώσκωverbal form expressing command, request, or exhortation→ deliberative future (asking for a means of certain knowledge)γιγνώσκω: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form expressing command, request, or exhortation.
μόνονonlyD · μόνονadverbial modifier of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμόνον: meaning 'only'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐποίησέhas done / madeVAI AAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeποιέω: meaning 'has done'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
καταλαλεῖτέyou speak againstV2 PAI2P · λαλέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeλαλέω + κατα: meaning 'you speak against'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
αἰσχυνόμενοίbeing ashamedV1 · πμπνπμ αἰσχύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeπμπνπμ αἰσχύνω: meaning 'being ashamed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐπίκεισθέyou press against / bear down onV5 PMI2P · κεῖμαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeκεῖμαι + ἐπι: meaning 'you press against'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
4
ναὶ δὴ ἐπ' ἀληθείας ἐγὼ ἐπλανήθην παρ' ἐμοὶ δὲ αὐλίζεται πλάνος λαλῆσαι ῥῆμα ὃ οὐκ ἔδει τὰ δὲ ῥήματά μου πλανᾶται καὶ οὐκ ἐπὶ καιροῦ
Yes indeed, in truth I have gone astray; with me lodges error, to speak a word that was not fitting, and my words wander out of season.
Job momentarily concedes the possibility of error, yet still frames it as something dwelling with him rather than justifying their cruelty.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ναὶyesX · ναίParticle / discourse marker→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeναὶ: meaning 'yes'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὴnow / indeedX · δήsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to context→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδὴ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀληθείαςtruthN1A GSF · ἀλήθειαgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐπλανήθηνI went astrayVCI API1S · πλανάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeπλανάω: meaning 'I went astray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παρ'withP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπαρ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἐμοὶmeRP DS · ἐγώpronoun→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἐμοὶ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐλίζεταιlodges / encampsV1 PMI3S · αὐλίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeαὐλίζω: meaning 'lodges'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλάνοςerror / delusionA1B NSM · πλάνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeπλάνος: meaning 'error'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λαλῆσαιspeakVA AAN · λαλέωinfinitive complement within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement within the clause.
ῥῆμαword / matterN3M ASN · ῥῆμαcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeῥῆμα: meaning 'word'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὃwhichRR ASN · ὅςrelative pronoun→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeὃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔδειit was necessaryV2I IAI3S · δέωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action or state→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδέω: meaning 'it was necessary'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action or state.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥήματάwordsN3M NPN · ῥῆμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
πλανᾶταιlead astrayV3 PMI3S · πλανάωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ statementπλανάω: meaning 'lead astray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
καιροῦappointed timeN2 GSM · καιρόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependent→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeκαιρός: meaning 'appointed time'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a genitive dependent.
5
ἔα δὲ ὅτι ἐπ' ἐμοὶ μεγαλύνεσθε ἐνάλλεσθε δέ μοι ὀνείδει
If then you magnify yourselves against me and hurl reproach at me,
The focus turns back to their behavior, which Job casts as self-exalting contempt.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἔαah then / if indeedI · ἔαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἔα: meaning 'ah then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμοὶmeRP DS · ἐγώpronoun→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἐμοὶ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
μεγαλύνεσθεyou magnify yourselvesV1 PMI2P · μεγαλύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμεγαλύνω: meaning 'you magnify yourselves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνάλλεσθεyou spring against / hurl yourselvesV1 PMI2P · ἅλλομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἅλλομαι + ἐν: meaning 'you spring against'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὀνείδειreproachN3E DSN · ὄνειδοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeὄνειδος: meaning 'reproach'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
6
γνῶτε οὖν ὅτι ὁ κύριός ἐστιν ὁ ταράξας ὀχύρωμα δὲ αὐτοῦ ἐπ' ἐμὲ ὕψωσεν
know then that it is the Lord who has troubled me and raised his stronghold against me.
Job restates the central point: behind all secondary affliction stands God's own assault.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
γνῶτεknowingVZ AAD2P · γιγνώσκωverbal form expressing command, request, or exhortation→ deliberative future (asking for a means of certain knowledge)γιγνώσκω: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form expressing command, request, or exhortation.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνinferential particle→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeοὖν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριόςlordN2 NSM · κύριοςsubject (human master)→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeκύριος: meaning 'lord'; it serves as subject (human master).
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταράξαςhaving troubled / shakenVA · ααπνσμ ταράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeααπνσμ ταράσσω: meaning 'having troubled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀχύρωμαstrongholdN3M ASN · ὀχύρωμαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeὀχύρωμα: meaning 'stronghold'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὕψωσενlifted upVAI AAI3S · ὑψόωmain verb (the act of pardon/exaltation)→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeὑψόω: meaning 'lifted up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the act of pardon/exaltation).
7
ἰδοὺ γελῶ ὀνείδει καὶ οὐ λαλήσω κεκράξομαι καὶ οὐδαμοῦ κρίμα
Behold, I laugh at reproach and will not speak; I cry out, and nowhere is there judgment.
The lament sharpens into the claim that his appeals meet only mockery and the absence of justice.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse markerἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
γελῶI laugh / am mockedV3 PAI1S · γελάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeγελάω: meaning 'I laugh'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀνείδειreproachN3E DSN · ὄνειδοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeὄνειδος: meaning 'reproach'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
λαλήσωI will speakVF FAI1S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ predictive future (the speech-act about to begin)λαλέω: meaning 'I will speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or command of the clause.
κεκράξομαιshall I cry outVFX FMI1S · κράζωmain verb→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeκράζω: meaning 'shall I cry out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐδαμοῦnowhereD · οὐδαμοῦparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeοὐδαμοῦ: meaning 'nowhere'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M NSN · κρίμαsubject nominative→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as subject nominative.
8
κύκλῳ περιῳκοδόμημαι καὶ οὐ μὴ διαβῶ ἐπὶ πρόσωπόν μου σκότος ἔθετο
I am fenced around on every side and cannot pass through; he has set darkness before my face.
Job depicts his condition as a divinely imposed enclosure with no way forward.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
κύκλῳaroundN2 DSM · κύκλοςcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeκύκλος: meaning 'around'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
περιῳκοδόμημαιI have been walled aroundVM XPI1S · οἰκοδομέω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeοἰκοδομέω + περι: meaning 'I have been walled around'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
διαβῶI might pass throughVZ AAS1S · βαίνω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeβαίνω + δια: meaning 'I might pass through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πρόσωπόνfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
σκότοςdarknessN3E ASN · σκότοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeσκότος: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
ἔθετοplace / appointVEI AMI3S · τίθημιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
9
τὴν δὲ δόξαν ἀπ' ἐμοῦ ἐξέδυσεν ἀφεῖλεν δὲ στέφανον ἀπὸ κεφαλῆς μου
He has stripped my glory from me and taken the crown from my head.
The siege image becomes a stripping image: honor and status are removed by God.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐξέδυσενstripped offVAI AAI3S · δύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδύω + ἐκ: meaning 'stripped off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀφεῖλεν+ apoVBI AAI3S · αἱρέω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist indicative presenting the action as a completed wholeαἱρέω + ἀπο: meaning '+ apo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στέφανονcrownN2 ASM · στέφανοςdirect object of κεκομίσμεθα→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeστέφανος: meaning 'crown'; it serves as direct object of κεκομίσμεθα.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κεφαλῆςheadN1 GSF · κεφαλήgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
10
διέσπασέν με κύκλῳ καὶ ᾠχόμην ἐξέκοψεν δὲ ὥσπερ δένδρον τὴν ἐλπίδα μου
He tore me down all around, and I am gone; he cut off my hope like a tree.
The loss deepens from honor to hope itself, cut down like a felled tree.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
διέσπασένtore down / shatteredVAI AAI3S · σπάω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeσπάω + δια: meaning 'tore down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
κύκλῳaroundN2 DSM · κύκλοςcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeκύκλος: meaning 'around'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾠχόμηνI went awayV1I IMI1S · οἴχομαιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeοἴχομαι: meaning 'I went away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ἐξέκοψενhe cut downVAI AAI3S · κόπτω + ἐκmain verb (destruction of the cult-objects)→ constative aorist (decisive demolition)κόπτω + ἐκ: meaning 'he cut down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (destruction of the cult-objects).
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
δένδρονtreeN2N ASN · δένδρονaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδένδρον: meaning 'tree'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλπίδαhopeN3D ASF · ἐλπίςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἐλπίς: meaning 'hope'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
11
δεινῶς δέ μοι ὀργῇ ἐχρήσατο ἡγήσατο δέ με ὥσπερ ἐχθρόν
And he has used wrath terribly against me; he has counted me as an enemy.
Job interprets his suffering as the treatment of one regarded by God as an enemy.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δεινῶςgrievouslyD · δεινῶςparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδεινῶς: meaning 'grievously'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὀργῇwith angerN1 DSF · ὀργήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeὀργή: meaning 'with anger'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἐχρήσατοactedVAI AMI3S · χράωfinite verb advancing the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeχράω: meaning 'acted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἡγήσατοhe counted / regardedVAI AMI3S · ἡγέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἡγέομαι: meaning 'he counted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐχθρόνenemyN2 ASM · ἐχθρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
12
ὁμοθυμαδὸν δὲ ἦλθον τὰ πειρατήρια αὐτοῦ ἐπ' ἐμοὶ ταῖς ὁδοῖς μου ἐκύκλωσάν με ἐγκάθετοι
His trials came together against me in one accord; his ambushers encircled me on my ways.
The attack is pictured as a coordinated siege in which divine tests and hidden assailants surround Job.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὁμοθυμαδὸνwith one accordD · ὁμοθυμαδόνparticle or discourse marker shaping the flow of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeὁμοθυμαδὸν: meaning 'with one accord'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθονcomeVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πειρατήριαtrials / assaulting forcesN2N NPN · πειρατήριονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeπειρατήριον: meaning 'trials'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμοὶmeRP DS · ἐγώpronoun→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἐμοὶ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοῖςwayN2 DPF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeὁδοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐκύκλωσάνencircledVAI AAI3P · κυκλόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeκυκλόω: meaning 'encircled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐγκάθετοιambushers / those lying in waitA1B NSM · ἐγκάθετοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἐγκάθετος: meaning 'ambushers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
13
ἀπ' ἐμοῦ δὲ ἀδελφοί μου ἀπέστησαν ἔγνωσαν ἀλλοτρίους ἢ ἐμέ φίλοι δέ μου ἀνελεήμονες γεγόνασιν
My brothers stood far off from me, and my friends became merciless strangers rather than me.
Divine assault is mirrored in human abandonment as kin and friends withdraw.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀδελφοίbrothersN2 NPM · ἀδελφόςnominative term in clause/list→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἀδελφός: meaning 'brothers'; it serves as nominative term in clause/list.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀπέστησανthey turned awayVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἀποmain verb (negated: persistence in sin)→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'they turned away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (negated: persistence in sin).
ἔγνωσανgignoskoVZI AAI3P · γιγνώσκωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardγιγνώσκω: meaning 'gignosko'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ἀλλοτρίουςforeignA1A APM · ἀλλότριοςattributive adjective (qualifying τοὺς θεούς)→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἀλλότριος: meaning 'foreign'; it serves as attributive adjective (qualifying τοὺς θεούς).
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμέegoRP AS · ἐγώaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἐμέ: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
φίλοιfriendsA1 NPM · φίλοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative term→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeφίλος: meaning 'friends'; it serves as adjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative term.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀνελεήμονεςmercilessN3N NPM · ἀνελεήμωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἀνελεήμων: meaning 'merciless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γεγόνασινbecome / happenVX XAI3P · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
14
οὐ προσεποιήσαντό με οἱ ἐγγύτατοί μου καὶ οἱ εἰδότες μου τὸ ὄνομα ἐπελάθοντό μου
My nearest ones did not acknowledge me, and those who knew my name forgot me.
The estrangement becomes intimate: even the closest and most familiar no longer know him.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
προσεποιήσαντόmade a claim on / acknowledgedVAI AMI3P · ποιέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeποιέω + προς: meaning 'made a claim on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐγγύτατοίnearest onesA1 NPMS · ἐγγύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἐγγύς: meaning 'nearest ones'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰδότεςknowingVX · χαπνπμ οἶδαverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ perfect participle of settled knowledgeχαπνπμ οἶδα: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἐπελάθοντόthey forgotVBI AMI3P · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'they forgot'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
15
γείτονες οἰκίας θεράπαιναί τέ μου ἀλλογενὴς ἤμην ἐναντίον αὐτῶν
The neighbors of my house and my maidservants counted me as a foreigner; I had become alien in their sight.
Job's own household world now regards him as an outsider.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
γείτονεςneighborsN3N NPM · γείτωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeγείτων: meaning 'neighbors'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἰκίαςhouseN1A GSF · οἰκίαgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeοἰκία: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
θεράπαιναίmaidservantsN1A NPF · θεραπαίναnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeθεραπαίνα: meaning 'maidservants'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τέbothX TEconnective, article, pronoun, preposition, or other helper element shaping the clause or phrase relation→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeτέ: meaning 'both'; here it marks the relation signaled by connective, article, pronoun, preposition, or other helper element shaping the clause or phrase relation.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀλλογενὴςforeignerA3H NSM · ἀλλογενήςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἀλλογενής: meaning 'foreigner'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
ἤμηνI wasV9I IMI1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeεἰμί: meaning 'I was'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
16
θεράποντά μου ἐκάλεσα καὶ οὐχ ὑπήκουσεν στόμα δέ μου ἐδέετο
I called my servant, and he did not listen; my mouth kept begging him.
The humiliation is concrete: even a servant refuses response while Job must plead.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
θεράποντάservantN3 ASM · θεράπωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeθεράπων: meaning 'servant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐκάλεσαyou have invited / calledVAI AAI1S · καλέωmain verb of the rhetorical question (perfect)→ aoristκαλέω: meaning 'you have invited'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the rhetorical question (perfect).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ simple negationοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ὑπήκουσενobeyedVAI AAI3S · ἀκούω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἀκούω + ὑπο: meaning 'obeyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
στόμαmouthN3M NSN · στόμαsubject or predicate element within the saying→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as subject or predicate element within the saying.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐδέετοwas pleadingV1I IMI3S · δέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδέομαι: meaning 'was pleading'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
καὶ ἱκέτευον τὴν γυναῖκά μου προσεκαλούμην δὲ κολακεύων υἱοὺς παλλακίδων μου
And I kept entreating my wife, and I kept calling with flattery the sons of my concubines.
The circle of rejection widens to wife and secondary household relations, forcing Job into supplication.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἱκέτευονI kept entreatingV1I IAI1S · ἱκετεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἱκετεύω: meaning 'I kept entreating'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκάwifeN3K ASF · γυνήnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
προσεκαλούμηνI kept calling toV2I IMI1S · καλέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeκαλέω + προς: meaning 'I kept calling to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κολακεύωνusing flattery / pleadingV1 · παπνσμ κολακεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeπαπνσμ κολακεύω: meaning 'using flattery'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
παλλακίδωνconcubinesN3D GPF · παλλακίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeπαλλακίς: meaning 'concubines'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
18
οἱ δὲ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνά με ἀπεποιήσαντο ὅταν ἀναστῶ κατ' ἐμοῦ λαλοῦσιν
Those appointed for me rejected me forever; whenever I rise up, they speak against me.
Job is now treated as permanently cast off, with hostility ready whenever he stirs.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶνάforever / for the ageN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeαἰών: meaning 'forever'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀπεποιήσαντοrejected / put awayVAI AMI3P · ποιέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeποιέω + ἀπο: meaning 'rejected'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτανwhenD · ὅτανadverb or negative particle shaping the clause-level sense→ indefinite temporal contingencyὅταν: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναστῶI riseVH AAS1S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'I rise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατ'againstP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατ': meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λαλοῦσινthey are speakingV2 PAI3P · λαλέωverb of the content clause→ presentλαλέω: meaning 'they are speaking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of the content clause.
19
ἐβδελύξαντο δέ με οἱ εἰδότες με οὓς δὴ ἠγαπήκειν ἐπανέστησάν μοι
Those who knew me abhorred me, and those whom I had loved rose up against me.
The betrayal of intimates is stated plainly: known and loved people now stand opposed.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐβδελύξαντοabhorVAI AMI3P · βδελύσσωFinite verb / predicate→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeβδελύσσω: meaning 'abhor'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰδότεςknowingVX · χαπνπμ οἶδαverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ perfect participle of settled knowledgeχαπνπμ οἶδα: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οὓςwho / whomRR APM · ὅςaccusative object or complement→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeοὓς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object or complement.
δὴnow / indeedX · δήsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to context→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδὴ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠγαπήκεινI had lovedVXI YAI1S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἀγαπάω: meaning 'I had loved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπανέστησάνrose up againstVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἐπι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἵστημι + ἐπι + ἀνα: meaning 'rose up against'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
20
ἐν δέρματί μου ἐσάπησαν αἱ σάρκες μου τὰ δὲ ὀστᾶ μου ἐν ὀδοῦσιν ἔχεται
In my skin my flesh has rotted away, and my bones cling within my teeth.
The chapter's social ruin is matched by physical decay and wasting.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δέρματίskinN3M DSN · δέρμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδέρμα: meaning 'skin'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐσάπησανrotted awayVAI AAI3P · σήπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeσήπω: meaning 'rotted away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
σάρκεςfleshN3K NPF · σάρξcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀστᾶbonesN2N NPN · ὀστέονcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὀδοῦσινteethN3 DPM · ὀδούςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeὀδούς: meaning 'teeth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔχεταιbelong toV1 PMI3S · ἔχωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἔχω: meaning 'belong to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
21
ἐλεήσατέ με ἐλεήσατέ με ὦ φίλοι χεὶρ γὰρ κυρίου ἡ ἁψαμένη μού ἐστιν
Have mercy on me, have mercy on me, O friends, for the hand of the Lord has touched me.
After describing his total ruin, Job turns directly to his companions and begs for pity.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐλεήσατέhave mercyVA AAD2P · ἐλεέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἐλεέω: meaning 'have mercy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐλεήσατέhave mercyVA AAD2P · ἐλεέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἐλεέω: meaning 'have mercy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὦOI · ὦinterjection marking direct address or exclamation→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeὦ: meaning 'O'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as interjection marking direct address or exclamation.
φίλοιfriendsA1 NPM · φίλοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative term→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeφίλος: meaning 'friends'; it serves as adjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative term.
χεὶρhandN3 NSF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁψαμένηhaving touchedVA · αμπνσφ ἅπτομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeαμπνσφ ἅπτομαι: meaning 'having touched'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μούmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element marking reference, possession, interrogation, or subordination→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμού: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, interrogation, or subordination.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
22
διὰ τί δέ με διώκετε ὥσπερ καὶ ὁ κύριος ἀπὸ δὲ σαρκῶν μου οὐκ ἐμπίπλασθε
Why do you pursue me as the Lord does and are not satisfied with my flesh?
He rebukes his friends for imitating the very divine assault that has already consumed him.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
διώκετεhurryV1 PAI2P · διώκωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδιώκω: meaning 'hurry'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σαρκῶνfleshN3K GPF · σάρξcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐμπίπλασθεare you filled / satisfiedV6 PPI2P · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'are you filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
23
τίς γὰρ ἂν δῴη γραφῆναι τὰ ῥήματά μου τεθῆναι δὲ αὐτὰ ἐν βιβλίῳ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα
For who would grant that my words be written down and be placed in a book forever,
Job moves from appeal to a wish for permanent testimony.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνeverX · ἄνmodal particle with the subjunctive→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δῴηmay he giveVO AAO3S · δίδωμιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ optative verbal form expressing wish or possibilityδίδωμι: meaning 'may he give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
γραφῆναιto be enrolledVD APN · γράφωinfinitive expressing contemplated appointment→ aorist passive infinitiveγράφω: meaning 'to be enrolled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing contemplated appointment.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματάwordsN3M NPN · ῥῆμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τεθῆναιto be set / placedVE APN · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeτίθημι: meaning 'to be set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὰ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
βιβλίῳbookN2N DSN · βιβλίονcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeβιβλίον: meaning 'book'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
24
ἐν γραφείῳ σιδηρῷ καὶ μολίβῳ ἢ ἐν πέτραις ἐγγλυφῆναι
with an iron stylus and with lead, or engraved in rocks.
The wish becomes concrete through images of durable inscription.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γραφείῳstylus / writing toolN2N DSN · γραφεῖονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeγραφεῖον: meaning 'stylus'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σιδηρῷironA1C DSN · σιδηροῦςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeσιδηροῦς: meaning 'iron'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μολίβῳleadN2 DSM · μόλιβοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμόλιβος: meaning 'lead'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πέτραιςrocksN1A DPF · πέτραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeπέτρα: meaning 'rocks'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐγγλυφῆναιto be engravedVD APN · γλύφω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeγλύφω + ἐν: meaning 'to be engraved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
25
οἶδα γὰρ ὅτι ἀέναός ἐστιν ὁ ἐκλύειν με μέλλων ἐπὶ γῆς
For I know that the one who is to deliver me is eternal and will stand upon the earth.
The center of the chapter is Job's confident confession that his vindicator lives and will appear.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οἶδαI knowVX XAI1S · οἶδαmain verb introducing Mattathias's judgment→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeοἶδα: meaning 'I know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb introducing Mattathias's judgment.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀέναόςeternal / ever-livingA1B NSM · ἀέναοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἀέναος: meaning 'eternal'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκλύεινto deliver / releaseV1 PAN · λύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeλύω + ἐκ: meaning 'to deliver'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
μέλλωνbeing about toV1 · παπνσμ μέλλωparticiple describing attendant action, manner, or state→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeπαπνσμ μέλλω: meaning 'being about to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle describing attendant action, manner, or state.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
26
ἀναστήσαι τὸ δέρμα μου τὸ ἀνατλῶν ταῦτα παρὰ γὰρ κυρίου ταῦτά μοι συνετελέσθη
He will raise up this skin of mine that endures these things, for these things have been completed for me by the Lord.
Job ties his hope to God's final action beyond the present ruin of his afflicted body.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἀναστήσαιto raise upVA AAO3S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'to raise up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέρμαhide / skinN3M ASN · δέρμαsubject of ἔσται (the perquisite)→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδέρμα: meaning 'hide'; it serves as subject of ἔσται (the perquisite).
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνατλῶνenduring / bearing up underVA · ααπασν ἀνέτληνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeααπασν ἀνέτλην: meaning 'enduring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ταῦτάhe, she, itRD NPN · οὗτοςpronominal modifier / argument→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeταῦτά: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal modifier / argument.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
συνετελέσθηcompleteVSI API3S · τελέω + συνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ perfectiveτελέω + συν: meaning 'complete'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
27
ἃ ἐγὼ ἐμαυτῷ συνεπίσταμαι ἃ ὁ ὀφθαλμός μου ἑόρακεν καὶ οὐκ ἄλλος πάντα δέ μοι συντετέλεσται ἐν κόλπῳ
These are the things I know for myself, which my eye has seen and not another; all has been accomplished for me in my bosom.
The confession becomes deeply personal: Job claims this knowledge as his own inward certainty.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐμαυτῷfor myselfRD DSM · ἐμαυτοῦdative reflexive pronoun of advantage→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἐμαυτῷ: meaning 'for myself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative reflexive pronoun of advantage.
συνεπίσταμαιI know inwardly / understand togetherV6 PMI1S · ἵσταμαι + συν + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἵσταμαι + συν + ἐπι: meaning 'I know inwardly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμόςeyeN2 NSM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἑόρακενshe has seenVX XAI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeὁράω: meaning 'she has seen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or command of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἄλλοςanotherRD NSM · ἄλλοςPronominal reference→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἄλλος: meaning 'another'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
πάνταall / everyA3 NSN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
συντετέλεσταιhas been brought to completionVM XPI3S · τελέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeτελέω + συν: meaning 'has been brought to completion'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κόλπῳbosomN2 DSM · κόλποςdative element marking reference, sphere, instrument, or recipient within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeκόλπος: meaning 'bosom'; it serves as dative element marking reference, sphere, instrument, or recipient within the clause.
28
εἰ δὲ καὶ ἐρεῖτε τί ἐροῦμεν ἔναντι αὐτοῦ καὶ ῥίζαν λόγου εὑρήσομεν ἐν αὐτῷ
But if you also say, 'What shall we say before him?' and 'We shall find the root of a matter in him,'
Job anticipates his friends continuing to build a case against him.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖτεyou shall sayVF2 FAI2P · εἶπονmain verb (future as command)→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἶπον: meaning 'you shall say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (future as command).
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐροῦμενsaidVF2 FAI1P · εἶπονfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἔναντι: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥίζανrootN1S ASF · ῥίζαnominal term functioning as a accusative complement→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeῥίζα: meaning 'root'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a accusative complement.
λόγουwordN2 GSM · λόγοςgenitive object of περί→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as genitive object of περί.
εὑρήσομενshall we findVF FAI1P · εὑρίσκωverb of the rhetorical question→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'shall we find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of the rhetorical question.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
29
εὐλαβήθητε δὴ καὶ ὑμεῖς ἀπὸ ἐπικαλύμματος θυμὸς γὰρ ἐπ' ἀνόμους ἐπελεύσεται καὶ τότε γνώσονται ποῦ ἐστιν αὐτῶν ἡ ὕλη
then be afraid, you yourselves, of the covering; for wrath will come upon the lawless, and then they will know where their substance is.
The chapter closes by turning the threat of judgment back toward the friends if they persist in their false accusation.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
εὐλαβήθητεbe afraid / show reverenceVC API2P · εὐλαβέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeεὐλαβέομαι: meaning 'be afraid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὴnow / indeedX · δήsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to context→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeδὴ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeὑμεῖς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐπικαλύμματοςcovering / concealmentN3M GSN · ἐπικάλυμμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἐπικάλυμμα: meaning 'covering'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θυμὸςvenom / rageN2 NSM · θυμόςpredicate nominative ('their wine is venom')→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeθυμός: meaning 'venom'; it serves as predicate nominative ('their wine is venom').
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀνόμουςlawlessA1B APM · ἄνομοςadjective characterizing the men as covenant breakers→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἄνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as adjective characterizing the men as covenant breakers.
ἐπελεύσεταιwill come uponVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'will come upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceτότε: meaning 'then'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
γνώσονταιwill knowVF FMI3P · γιγνώσκωmain verb (recognition formula: purpose of divine action)→ futureγιγνώσκω: meaning 'will know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (recognition formula: purpose of divine action).
ποῦwhereD · ποῦinterrogative adverb (introducing deliberative indirect question)→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeποῦ: meaning 'where'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕληsubstance / material storeN1 NSF · ὕληnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ abandonment, reproach, and redeemer hopeὕλη: meaning 'substance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.