1
ὑπολαβὼν δὲ Σωφαρ ὁ Μιναῖος λέγει
Then Zophar the Minaean answered and said,
A formal narrative turn introduces Zophar's rebuttal.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ὑπολαβὼνsupposeVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ὑποparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ὑπο: meaning 'suppose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣωφαρZopharN NSM · Σωφαρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endΣωφαρ: meaning 'Zophar'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Μιναῖοςthe MinaeanN2 NSM · Μιναῖοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endΜιναῖος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
2
οὐχ οὕτως ὑπελάμβανον ἀντερεῖν σε ταῦτα καὶ οὐχὶ συνίετε μᾶλλον ἢ καὶ ἐγώ
I did not think that you would answer in this way, nor that you understood more than I do.
Zophar begins defensively, portraying Job's words as a provocation that demands reply.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
οὐχnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ simple negationοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ὑπελάμβανονI was supposingV1I IAI1S · λαμβάνω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endλαμβάνω + ὑπο: meaning 'I was supposing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀντερεῖνto answer backVF2 FAN · εἶπον + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endεἶπον + ἀντι: meaning 'to answer back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχὶnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐ: meaning 'not'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
συνίετεyou understandV6 PAI2P · ἵημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἵημι + συν: meaning 'you understand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μᾶλλονratherD · μᾶλλονadverbial modifier of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endμᾶλλον: meaning 'rather'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
3
παιδείαν ἐντροπῆς μου ἀκούσομαι καὶ πνεῦμα ἐκ τῆς συνέσεως ἀποκρίνεταί μοι
I shall hear the discipline of my reproach, and a spirit from my understanding answers me.
Zophar frames his speech as compelled by inward discernment and by the shame of Job's challenge.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
παιδείανdiscipline / instructionN1A ASF · παιδείαdirect object of οἴδασιν / εἴδοσαν (first in the catalogue)→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as direct object of οἴδασιν / εἴδοσαν (first in the catalogue).
ἐντροπῆςof reproach / insultN1 GSF · ἐντροπήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἐντροπή: meaning 'of reproach'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀκούσομαιI will hearVF FMI1S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἀκούω: meaning 'I will hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συνέσεωςunderstandingN3I GSF · σύνεσιςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endσύνεσις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ἀποκρίνεταίanswersV1 PMI3S · κρίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'answers'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
4
μὴ ταῦτα ἔγνως ἀπὸ τοῦ ἔτι ἀφ' οὗ ἐτέθη ἄνθρωπος ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς
Do you not know these things from of old, from the time when man was placed upon the earth,
He appeals to an allegedly universal moral axiom rooted in earliest human history.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἔγνωςgignoskoVZI AAI2S · γιγνώσκωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationγιγνώσκω: meaning 'gignosko'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἀφ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀφ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronoun in genitival dependence→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐτέθηwas placedVEI API3S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endτίθημι: meaning 'was placed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
5
εὐφροσύνη γὰρ ἀσεβῶν πτῶμα ἐξαίσιον χαρμονὴ δὲ παρανόμων ἀπώλεια
for the gladness of the ungodly is a marvellous fall, and the joy of the lawless is destruction.
This is the thesis of the whole speech: wicked delight is short and ends in collapse.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
εὐφροσύνηgladnessN1 NSF · εὐφροσύνηnominative subject / predicate element in the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endεὐφροσύνη: meaning 'gladness'; it serves as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
πτῶμαfall / ruinN3M NSN · πτῶμαnominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endπτῶμα: meaning 'fall'; it serves as nominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
ἐξαίσιονstriking / extraordinaryA1B NSN · ἐξαίσιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἐξαίσιος: meaning 'striking'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χαρμονὴjoy / exultationN1 NSF · χαρμονήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endχαρμονή: meaning 'joy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρανόμωνlawlessA1B GPM · παράνομοςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endπαράνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
ἀπώλειαdestructionN1A NSF · ἀπώλειαnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
6
ἐὰν ἀναβῇ εἰς οὐρανὸν αὐτοῦ τὰ δῶρα ἡ δὲ θυσία αὐτοῦ νεφῶν ἅψηται
Even if his gifts rise to heaven, and his sacrifice touches the clouds,
Zophar concedes the outward height of the wicked person's success only to undo it immediately.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ἀναβῇgo upVZ AAS3S · βαίνω + ἀναfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'go up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δῶραgiftN2N NPN · δῶρονnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδῶρον: meaning 'gift'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυσίαsacrificeN1A NSF · θυσίαsubject (verbless clause)→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endθυσία: meaning 'sacrifice'; it serves as subject (verbless clause).
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
νεφῶνof the cloudsN3E GPN · νέφοςgenitive term qualifying a related noun or expression→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endνέφος: meaning 'of the clouds'; it serves as genitive term qualifying a related noun or expression.
ἅψηταιtouchVA AMS3S · ἅπτομαιverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἅπτομαι: meaning 'touch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
7
ὅταν γὰρ δοκῇ ἤδη κατεστηρίχθαι τότε εἰς τέλος ἀπολεῖται οἱ δὲ ἰδόντες αὐτὸν ἐροῦσιν ποῦ ἐστιν
when he seems already to be established, then he will perish utterly, and those who saw him will say, Where is he?
Apparent security only sharpens the shock of total disappearance.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ὅτανwhenD · ὅτανadverb or negative particle shaping the clause-level sense→ indefinite temporal contingencyὅταν: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δοκῇseemsV2 PAS3S · δοκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδοκέω: meaning 'seems'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἤδηalreadyD · ἤδηadverb or particle qualifying the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἤδη: meaning 'already'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατεστηρίχθαιto be establishedVK XPN · στηρίζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endστηρίζω + κατα: meaning 'to be established'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceτότε: meaning 'then'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τέλοςendN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative complement→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endτέλος: meaning 'end'; it serves as accusative complement.
ἀπολεῖταιwill perishVF2 FMI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'will perish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδόντεςseeVB · ααπνπμ ὁράωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description→ verbal action framed by the clause contextααπνπμ ὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐροῦσινsaidVF2 FAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ποῦwhereD · ποῦinterrogative adverb (introducing deliberative indirect question)→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endποῦ: meaning 'where'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
8
ὥσπερ ἐνύπνιον ἐκπετασθὲν οὐ μὴ εὑρεθῇ ἔπτη δὲ ὥσπερ φάσμα νυκτερινόν
Like a dream that has flown away, he will not be found; he fled like a vision of the night.
The wicked become as unreal and ungraspable as a vanished night vision.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐνύπνιονdreamN2N NSN · ἐνύπνιονhead noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἐνύπνιον: meaning 'dream'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐκπετασθὲνhaving flown awayVC · αππνσν πετάζω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endαππνσν πετάζω + ἐκ: meaning 'having flown away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εὑρεθῇfindVC APS3S · εὑρίσκωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeεὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
ἔπτηhe fledVBI AMI3S · πέτομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endπέτομαι: meaning 'he fled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
φάσμαtermN3M NSN · φάσμαnominative nominal functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endφάσμα: meaning 'term'; it serves as nominative nominal functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
νυκτερινόνnightly / of the nightA1 NSN · νυκτερινόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endνυκτερινός: meaning 'nightly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
9
ὀφθαλμὸς παρέβλεψεν καὶ οὐ προσθήσει καὶ οὐκέτι προσνοήσει αὐτὸν ὁ τόπος αὐτοῦ
An eye looked past him and will not continue, and his place will no longer notice him.
Even the very location once associated with him ceases to recognize his presence.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὀφθαλμὸςeyeN2 NSM · ὀφθαλμόςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
παρέβλεψενlooked past / overlookedVAI AAI3S · βλέπω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endβλέπω + παρα: meaning 'looked past'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
προσθήσειcontinue / addVF FAI3S · τίθημι + προςfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardτίθημι + προς: meaning 'continue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκέτιno longerD · οὐκέτιadverb qualifying the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endοὐκέτι: meaning 'no longer'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
προσνοήσειwill notice closelyVF FAI3S · νοέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endνοέω + προς: meaning 'will notice closely'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόποςplaceN2 NSM · τόποςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
10
τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ ὀλέσαισαν ἥττονες αἱ δὲ χεῖρες αὐτοῦ πυρσεύσαισαν ὀδύνας
May his sons destroy the weaker ones, and may his own hands kindle pains.
Zophar invokes judgment rippling into the wicked man's household and body.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὀλέσαισανmay they destroyVA AAO3P · ὄλλυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endὄλλυμι: meaning 'may they destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἥττονεςthe weaker onesA3C NPM · ἥσσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἥσσων: meaning 'the weaker ones'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χεῖρεςhandsN3 NPF · χείρsubject (of implied 'were')→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as subject (of implied 'were').
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
πυρσεύσαισανmay they kindleVA AAO3P · πυρσεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endπυρσεύω: meaning 'may they kindle'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀδύναςsorrowsN1 APF · ὀδύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endὀδύνη: meaning 'sorrows'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
11
ὀστᾶ αὐτοῦ ἐνεπλήσθησαν νεότητος αὐτοῦ καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ χώματος κοιμηθήσεται
His bones were filled with his youth, and with him it will lie down upon the dust.
The vigor of youth itself descends with him into the grave.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὀστᾶbonesN2N NPN · ὀστέονcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνεπλήσθησανinVSI API3P · πίμπλημι + ἐνfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
νεότητοςyouthN3T GSF · νεότηςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endνεότης: meaning 'youth'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
χώματοςdust / soilN3M GSN · χῶμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endχῶμα: meaning 'dust'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κοιμηθήσεταιwill lie downVC FPI3S · κοιμάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endκοιμάω: meaning 'will lie down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
ἐὰν γλυκανθῇ ἐν στόματι αὐτοῦ κακία κρύψει αὐτὴν ὑπὸ τὴν γλῶσσαν αὐτοῦ
If evil is sweetened in his mouth, he will hide it under his tongue.
The metaphor turns to taste: evil is cherished like a delicacy.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
γλυκανθῇmay be sweetenedVC APS3S · γλυκαίνωmain verbal form carrying the saying's assertion, warning, or consequence→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endγλυκαίνω: meaning 'may be sweetened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the saying's assertion, warning, or consequence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
στόματιmouthN3M DSN · στόμαdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as dative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
κακίαwickedness / evilN1A NSF · κακίαcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endκακία: meaning 'wickedness'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
κρύψειhe will hideVF FAI3S · κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endκρύπτω: meaning 'he will hide'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement→ relation marked by the governing prepositionὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλῶσσανtongueN1S ASF · γλῶσσαaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
13
οὐ φείσεται αὐτῆς καὶ οὐκ ἐγκαταλείψει αὐτὴν καὶ συνέξει αὐτὴν ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ λάρυγγος αὐτοῦ
He will not spare it, nor abandon it, but will hold it fast in the midst of his throat.
The sinner clings to evil, swallowing it into himself instead of letting it go.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
φείσεταιφείδομαιVF FMI3S · φείδομαιmain verb→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endφείδομαι: meaning 'φείδομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐγκαταλείψειthey forsookVF FAI3S · λείπω + ἐν + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'they forsook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέξειhe will hold fastVF FAI3S · ἔχω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἔχω + συν: meaning 'he will hold fast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative complement within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λάρυγγοςthroatN3G GSM · λάρυγξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endλάρυγξ: meaning 'throat'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
14
καὶ οὐ μὴ δυνηθῇ βοηθῆσαι ἑαυτῷ χολὴ ἀσπίδος ἐν γαστρὶ αὐτοῦ
And he will by no means be able to help himself; the gall of an asp is in his belly.
What seemed sweet inwardly is revealed as venom within.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
δυνηθῇhe may be ableVC APS3S · δύναμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδύναμαι: meaning 'he may be able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βοηθῆσαιto helpVA AAN · βοηθέωinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeβοηθέω: meaning 'to help'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
ἑαυτῷhimself / themselvesRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἑαυτῷ: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
χολὴgallN1 NSF · χολήnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endχολή: meaning 'gall'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
ἀσπίδοςof an aspN3D GSF · ἀσπίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἀσπίς: meaning 'of an asp'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γαστρὶwombN3 DSF · γαστήρcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endγαστήρ: meaning 'womb'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
15
πλοῦτος ἀδίκως συναγόμενος ἐξεμεσθήσεται ἐξ οἰκίας αὐτοῦ ἐξελκύσει αὐτὸν ἄγγελος
Wealth gathered unjustly will be vomited out; from his house an angel will drag it out of him.
Unjustly acquired riches are not enjoyed but violently expelled.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πλοῦτοςwealthN2 NSM · πλοῦτοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀδίκωςunjustlyD · ἀδίκωςadverbial modifier of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἀδίκως: meaning 'unjustly'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
συναγόμενοςbeing gathered togetherV1 · πππνσμ ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endπππνσμ ἄγω + συν: meaning 'being gathered together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξεμεσθήσεταιwill be vomited outVS FPI3S · ἐμέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἐμέω + ἐκ: meaning 'will be vomited out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οἰκίαςhouseN1A GSF · οἰκίαgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endοἰκία: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐξελκύσειwill drag outVF FAI3S · ἕλκω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἕλκω + ἐκ: meaning 'will drag out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἄγγελοςangelN2 NSM · ἄγγελοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἄγγελος: meaning 'angel'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
16
θυμὸν δὲ δρακόντων θηλάσειεν ἀνέλοι δὲ αὐτὸν γλῶσσα ὄφεως
He would suck the wrath of dragons, and the tongue of a serpent would slay him.
The poisonous imagery intensifies from inward venom to active destruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
θυμὸνθυμόςN2 ASM · θυμόςcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endθυμός: meaning 'θυμός'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δρακόντωνof serpents / dragonsN3 GPM · δράκωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδράκων: meaning 'of serpents'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θηλάσειενwould suck / nurse fromVA AAO3S · θηλάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endθηλάζω: meaning 'would suck'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνέλοιwould killVB AAO3S · αἱρέω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endαἱρέω + ἀνα: meaning 'would kill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
γλῶσσαtongueN1S NSF · γλῶσσαnominative term functioning in the clause core→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as nominative term functioning in the clause core.
ὄφεωςof a serpentN3I GSM · ὄφιςgenitive element marking relation, possession, source, or description within the phrase→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endὄφις: meaning 'of a serpent'; it serves as genitive element marking relation, possession, source, or description within the phrase.
17
μὴ ἴδοι ἄμελξιν νομάδων μηδὲ νομὰς μέλιτος καὶ βουτύρου
May he not see the milking of nomads, nor the pastures of honey and butter.
Zophar denies the wicked the settled enjoyment of abundance.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἴδοιmight seeVB AAO3S · ὁράωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeὁράω: meaning 'might see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἄμελξινmilkingN3I ASF · ἄμελξιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἄμελξις: meaning 'milking'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
νομάδωνof nomads / herdsmenN3D GPF · νομάςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endνομάς: meaning 'of nomads'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μηδὲand do not / norC · μηδέcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationμηδὲ: meaning 'and do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νομὰςpastureN1 APF · νομήaccusative object or complement→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endνομή: meaning 'pasture'; it serves as accusative object or complement.
μέλιτοςthan honeyN3T GSN · μέλιgenitive of comparison (with γλυκύτερον)→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endμέλι: meaning 'than honey'; it serves as genitive of comparison (with γλυκύτερον).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βουτύρουbutterN2N GSN · βούτυρονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endβούτυρον: meaning 'butter'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
18
εἰς κενὰ καὶ μάταια ἐκοπίασεν πλοῦτον ἐξ οὗ οὐ γεύσεται ὥσπερ στρίφνος ἀμάσητος ἀκατάποτος
For emptiness and vanity he labored; wealth from which he will not taste, like something hard, unchewed, and unswallowed.
All the labor of wicked gain yields no true enjoyment, only a choking, unusable mass.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κενὰempty thingsA1 APN · κενόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endκενός: meaning 'empty things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μάταιαvain thingsA1A APN · μάταιοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endμάταιος: meaning 'vain things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
ἐκοπίασενgrown wearyVAI AAI3S · κοπιάωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeκοπιάω: meaning 'grown weary'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
πλοῦτονwealthN2 ASM · πλοῦτοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronoun in genitival dependence→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
γεύσεταιhe will tasteVF FMI3S · γεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endγεύω: meaning 'he will taste'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
στρίφνοςhard / twistedN2 NSM · στρίφνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endστρίφνος: meaning 'hard'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀμάσητοςunchewedA1B NSM · ἀμάσητοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἀμάσητος: meaning 'unchewed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀκατάποτοςunswallowedA1B NSM · ἀκατάποτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἀκατάποτος: meaning 'unswallowed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
19
πολλῶν γὰρ ἀδυνάτων οἴκους ἔθλασεν δίαιταν δὲ ἥρπασεν καὶ οὐκ ἔστησεν
For he crushed the houses of many weak ones; he snatched away a dwelling and did not establish it.
Zophar grounds the coming ruin in concrete oppression of the weak.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πολλῶνmanyA1 GPM · πολύςmodifier of τόπων→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as modifier of τόπων.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀδυνάτωνof weak onesA1B GPM · ἀδύνατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἀδύνατος: meaning 'of weak ones'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἴκουςhousesN2 APM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endοἶκος: meaning 'houses'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἔθλασενhe crushedVAI AAI3S · θλάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endθλάω: meaning 'he crushed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίαιτανprovisionN1S ASF · δίαιταhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδίαιτα: meaning 'provision'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥρπασενsnatchedVAI AAI3S · ἁρπάζωmain verb (Banaias seizes the spear)→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἁρπάζω: meaning 'snatched'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Banaias seizes the spear).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔστησενistemiVAI AAI3S · ἵστημιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ perfectiveἵστημι: meaning 'istemi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
20
οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτοῦ σωτηρία τοῖς ὑπάρχουσιν ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ αὐτοῦ οὐ σωθήσεται
There is no salvation for his possessions; in his desire he will not be saved.
What he trusted to preserve him becomes powerless to do so.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
σωτηρίαdeliveranceN1A NSF · σωτηρίαnominative subject / predicate element in the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endσωτηρία: meaning 'deliverance'; it serves as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπάρχουσινbelongingV1 · παπδπν ἄρχω + ὑποParticipial modifier→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endπαπδπν ἄρχω + ὑπο: meaning 'belonging'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Participial modifier.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐπιθυμίᾳdesireN1A DSF · ἐπιθυμίαdative term marking reference, means, or indirect object→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desire'; it serves as dative term marking reference, means, or indirect object.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
σωθήσεταιsaveVC FPI3S · σώζωverbal form carrying the clause forward within the narrative or petition→ future passiveσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause forward within the narrative or petition.
21
οὐκ ἔστιν ὑπόλειμμα τοῖς βρώμασιν αὐτοῦ διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἀνθήσει αὐτοῦ τὰ ἀγαθά
There is no remnant for his foods; therefore his good things will not flourish.
Consumption without remainder becomes an image for the non-endurance of all his apparent goods.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὑπόλειμμαremnantN3M NSN · ὑπόλειμμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endὑπόλειμμα: meaning 'remnant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βρώμασινfoodsN3M DPN · βρῶμαdative noun expressing the means or sphere of defilement→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endβρῶμα: meaning 'foods'; it serves as dative noun expressing the means or sphere of defilement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀνθήσειblossomVF FAI3S · ἀνθέωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardἀνθέω: meaning 'blossom'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαθάgoodA1 NPN · ἀγαθόςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
22
ὅταν δὲ δοκῇ ἤδη πεπληρῶσθαι θλιβήσεται πᾶσα δὲ ἀνάγκη ἐπ' αὐτὸν ἐπελεύσεται
But when he seems already to be filled, he will be afflicted, and every necessity will come upon him.
Fullness does not end need; it invites distress.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὅτανwhenD · ὅτανadverb or negative particle shaping the clause-level sense→ indefinite temporal contingencyὅταν: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δοκῇseemsV2 PAS3S · δοκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδοκέω: meaning 'seems'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἤδηalreadyD · ἤδηadverb or particle qualifying the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἤδη: meaning 'already'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεπληρῶσθαιto have been filledVM XPN · πληρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endπληρόω: meaning 'to have been filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θλιβήσεταιhe will be afflictedVD FPI3S · θλίβωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endθλίβω: meaning 'he will be afflicted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνάγκηἀνάγκηN1 NSF · ἀνάγκηnominative nominal element marking subject, predicate, or apposition→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἀνάγκη: meaning 'ἀνάγκη'; it serves as nominative nominal element marking subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐπελεύσεταιwill come uponVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'will come upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
23
εἴ πως πληρώσαι γαστέρα αὐτοῦ ἐπαποστείλαι ἐπ' αὐτὸν θυμὸν ὀργῆς νίψαι ἐπ' αὐτὸν ὀδύνας
If somehow he would fill his belly, God will send upon him the anger of wrath and wash pains upon him.
The very attempt to satisfy himself becomes the moment of divine intervention.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εἴifC · εἰcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunction→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endεἴ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πωςsomehowD · πῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endπως: meaning 'somehow'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πληρώσαιto fillVA AAN · πληρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endπληρόω: meaning 'to fill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γαστέραwombN3 ASF · γαστήρcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endγαστήρ: meaning 'womb'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐπαποστείλαιto send uponVA AAN · στέλλω + ἐπι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endστέλλω + ἐπι + ἀπο: meaning 'to send upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
θυμὸνθυμόςN2 ASM · θυμόςcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endθυμός: meaning 'θυμός'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὀργῆςwith angerN1 GSF · ὀργήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endὀργή: meaning 'with anger'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
νίψαιto wash / rain downVA AAO3S · νίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endνίπτω: meaning 'to wash'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὀδύναςsorrowsN1 APF · ὀδύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endὀδύνη: meaning 'sorrows'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
24
καὶ οὐ μὴ σωθῇ ἐκ χειρὸς σιδήρου τρώσαι αὐτὸν τόξον χάλκειον
And he will by no means be saved from the hand of iron; a bronze bow will wound him.
No strength or escape route protects the wicked from the weapons of judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
σωθῇsaveVC APS3S · σώζωmain verbal predicate of the proverb→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate of the proverb.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
σιδήρουironN2 GSM · σίδηροςgenitive dependent→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endσίδηρος: meaning 'iron'; it serves as genitive dependent.
τρώσαιto woundVA AAO3S · τιτρώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endτιτρώσκω: meaning 'to wound'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
τόξονbowN2N NSN · τόξονnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endτόξον: meaning 'bow'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning within the clause.
χάλκειονbronzeN2N NSN · χαλκεῖονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endχαλκεῖον: meaning 'bronze'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
25
διεξέλθοι δὲ διὰ σώματος αὐτοῦ βέλος ἀστραπαὶ δὲ ἐν διαίταις αὐτοῦ περιπατήσαισαν ἐπ' αὐτῷ φόβοι
An arrow would pass through his body; and lightnings would walk in his dwellings, fears upon him.
The whole body and household become a theater of invasive terror.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
διεξέλθοιwould pass throughVB AAO3S · ἔρχομαι + δια + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἔρχομαι + δια + ἐκ: meaning 'would pass through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σώματοςsomatosN3M GSN · σῶμαnominal term functioning in a gen relation→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endσῶμα: meaning 'somatos'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a gen relation.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
βέλοςarrowN3E ASN · βέλοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endβέλος: meaning 'arrow'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀστραπαὶlightningN1 NPF · ἀστραπήnominal element functioning within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἀστραπή: meaning 'lightning'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
διαίταιςdwellings / chambersN1S DPF · δίαιταdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδίαιτα: meaning 'dwellings'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
περιπατήσαισανwould walk aboutVA AAO3P · πατέω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endπατέω + περι: meaning 'would walk about'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
φόβοιfearsN2 NPM · φόβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endφόβος: meaning 'fears'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause.
26
πᾶν δὲ σκότος αὐτῷ ὑπομείναι κατέδεται αὐτὸν πῦρ ἄκαυστον κακώσαι δὲ αὐτοῦ ἐπήλυτος τὸν οἶκον
And let all darkness remain for him; unkindled fire will devour him, and the stranger will afflict his house.
Darkness, fire, and hostile intrusion converge as the final atmosphere of judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
πᾶνallA3 NSN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκότοςdarknessN3E NSN · σκότοςnominative nominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endσκότος: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as nominative nominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ὑπομείναιto remain / endureVA AAO3S · μένω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endμένω + ὑπο: meaning 'to remain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατέδεταιshall devourVF FMI3S · ἐσθίω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'shall devour'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
πῦρfireN3 NSN · πῦρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
ἄκαυστονunkindledA1B NSN · ἄκαυστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἄκαυστος: meaning 'unkindled'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κακώσαιto afflict / harmVA AAO3S · κακόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endκακόω: meaning 'to afflict'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐπήλυτοςstranger / outsiderN2 NSM · ἐπήλυτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἐπήλυτος: meaning 'stranger'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
27
ἀνακαλύψαι δὲ αὐτοῦ ὁ οὐρανὸς τὰς ἀνομίας γῆ δὲ ἐπανασταίη αὐτῷ
And the heaven will uncover his lawless deeds, and the earth will rise up against him.
Creation itself becomes witness and accuser against the wicked.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀνακαλύψαιto uncoverVA AAO3S · καλύπτω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endκαλύπτω + ἀνα: meaning 'to uncover'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανὸςheavenN2 NSM · οὐρανόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνομίαςlawlessnessN1A APF · ἀνομίαnominal term functioning in a gen relation→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a gen relation.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπανασταίηwould rise up againstVH AAO3S · ἵστημι + ἐπι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἵστημι + ἐπι + ἀνα: meaning 'would rise up against'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
28
ἑλκύσαι τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ ἀπώλεια εἰς τέλος ἡμέρα ὀργῆς ἐπέλθοι αὐτῷ
Ruin will drag away his house to the end; the day of wrath will come upon him.
The fall reaches the house itself and culminates in the decisive day of wrath.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἑλκύσαιto drag awayVA AAO3S · ἕλκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἕλκω: meaning 'to drag away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀπώλειαdestructionN1A NSF · ἀπώλειαnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τέλοςendN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative complement→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endτέλος: meaning 'end'; it serves as accusative complement.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning within the clause.
ὀργῆςwith angerN1 GSF · ὀργήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endὀργή: meaning 'with anger'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἐπέλθοιwould come uponVB AAO3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'would come upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
29
αὕτη ἡ μερὶς ἀνθρώπου ἀσεβοῦς παρὰ κυρίου καὶ κτῆμα ὑπαρχόντων αὐτῷ παρὰ τοῦ ἐπισκόπου
This is the portion of an ungodly man from the Lord, and the possession of what belongs to him from the overseer.
Zophar closes by framing the whole speech as an official allotment fixed by God.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endαὕτη: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μερὶςportionN3D NSF · μερίςcommon noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endμερίς: meaning 'portion'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ἀσεβοῦςof the ungodlyA3H GSM · ἀσεβήςgenitival modifier within the phrase→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitival modifier within the phrase.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κτῆμαpossessionN3M NSN · κτῆμαnominative term functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endκτῆμα: meaning 'possession'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
ὑπαρχόντωνact/doV1 · παπγπμ ἄρχω + ὑποparticiple→ participial/imperfectiveπαπγπμ ἄρχω + ὑπο: meaning 'act'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπισκόπουoverseerN2 GSM · ἐπισκοπόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endἐπισκοπός: meaning 'overseer'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.