Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Job, Chapter 24ΙΩΒ ΚΔ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Job 24 is one of the book's starkest catalogues of social violence and deferred judgment.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Job 24 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs-Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. Job 24 is one of the book's starkest catalogues of social violence and deferred judgment. The chapter opens by asking why appointed times of judgment seem hidden from the Lord's servants, since the wicked openly cross boundaries, steal flocks, seize pledges from widows and orphans, drive the poor from the way, and force the weak into degrading labor without pay or food. Job's complaint is not abstract. He describes hungry, exposed, rain-soaked people, children snatched from the breast, and the vulnerable turned out from homes while their groaning rises with no visible intervention. The middle movement shifts into the secret world of darkness: murderers, adulterers, and house-breakers belong to the night, avoid the light, and make death-shadow their morning. Yet the chapter does not simply say that evil triumphs forever. The final section speaks of the wicked as fleeting, cursed, forgettable, and ultimately cut down like withered vegetation or falling grain. Even so, Job's complaint remains sharp because the timing of judgment feels delayed and opaque. The chapter therefore holds two truths in tension: the world is visibly full of predatory injustice, and divine justice, though real, is not presently transparent to human sight. That unresolved tension is exactly what gives the chapter its force within Job's larger struggle.

1

διὰ τί δὲ κύριον ἔλαθον ὧραι

But why have the appointed times escaped the Lord?

opening-questionδιὰ τί δὲ
Job begins with the central problem of the chapter: judgment seems delayed or hidden.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἔλαθονescaped notice ofVBI AAI3P · λανθάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningλανθάνω: meaning 'escaped notice of'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὧραιappointed timesN1A NPF · ὥραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὥρα: meaning 'appointed times'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
2

ἀσεβεῖς δὲ ὅριον ὑπερέβησαν ποίμνιον σὺν ποιμένι ἁρπάσαντες

But the ungodly crossed a boundary, having seized a flock together with its shepherd.

catalogueδὲ
The first example of injustice is predatory seizure of property and livelihood.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἀσεβεῖςungodlyA3H NPM · ἀσεβήςsecond predicate-adjectival modifier of ἄνδρες→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as second predicate-adjectival modifier of ἄνδρες.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅριονborderN2N ASN · ὅριονsubject→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὅριον: meaning 'border'; it serves as subject.
ὑπερέβησανὑπερέβησανVZI AAI3P · βαίνω + ὑπερfinite verb governing the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningβαίνω + ὑπερ: meaning 'ὑπερέβησαν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb governing the clause.
ποίμνιονflockN2 ASN · ποίμνιονaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningποίμνιον: meaning 'flock'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningσὺν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ποιμένιshepherdN3 DSM · ποιμήνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningποιμήν: meaning 'shepherd'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἁρπάσαντεςhaving seizedVA · ααπνπμ ἁρπάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningααπνπμ ἁρπάζω: meaning 'having seized'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
3

ὑποζύγιον ὀρφανῶν ἀπήγαγον καὶ βοῦν χήρας ἠνεχύρασαν

They carried off the beast of burden of orphans, and they took a widow's ox as a pledge.

catalogueasyndeton
The violence narrows toward the most exposed figures in society: orphans and widows.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ὑποζύγιονbeast of burdenN2 ASN · ὑποζύγιονaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὑποζύγιον: meaning 'beast of burden'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
ὀρφανῶνorphanosA1 GPM · ὀρφανόςgenitive dependent phrase within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὀρφανός: meaning 'orphanos'; it serves as genitive dependent phrase within the clause.
ἀπήγαγονled awayVBI AAI3P · ἄγω + ἀποmain verb→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἄγω + ἀπο: meaning 'led away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βοῦνoxN3 ASF · βοῦςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningβοῦς: meaning 'ox'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χήραςwidowN1A GSF · χήραGenitive modifier→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningχήρα: meaning 'widow'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
ἠνεχύρασανthey took as pledgeVAI AAI3P · ἐνεχυράζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἐνεχυράζω: meaning 'they took as pledge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4

ἐξέκλιναν ἀδυνάτους ἐξ ὁδοῦ δικαίας ὁμοθυμαδὸν ἐκρύβησαν πραεῖς γῆς

They turned aside the helpless from the right way; together the meek of the earth hid themselves.

resultasyndeton
Oppression distorts public life so badly that the meek disappear from ordinary paths.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐξέκλινανturned awayVAI AAI3P · κλίνω + ἐκfinite verb stating withdrawal→ constative aorist of retreating movementκλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'turned away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb stating withdrawal.
ἀδυνάτουςthe helpless / weakA1B APM · ἀδύνατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἀδύνατος: meaning 'the helpless'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὁδοῦroadN2 GSF · ὁδόςgenitive object of ἐκ (the way departed from)→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὁδός: meaning 'road'; it serves as genitive object of ἐκ (the way departed from).
δικαίαςrighteousA1A GSF · δίκαιοςgenitival modifier within the phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as genitival modifier within the phrase.
ὁμοθυμαδὸνwith one accordD · ὁμοθυμαδόνparticle or discourse marker shaping the flow of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὁμοθυμαδὸν: meaning 'with one accord'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκρύβησανhid themselvesVDI API3P · κρύπτωmain verb of concealment→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningκρύπτω: meaning 'hid themselves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of concealment.
πραεῖςthe meekA3U NPM · πραύ̈ςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningπραύ̈ς: meaning 'the meek'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
5

ἀπέβησαν δὲ ὥσπερ ὄνοι ἐν ἀγρῷ ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ ἐξελθόντες τὴν ἑαυτῶν πρᾶξιν ἡδύνθη αὐτῷ ἄρτος εἰς νεωτέρους

They went forth like donkeys in the field on my account; having gone out to their own work, bread became sweet to them for the young.

imageδὲ ὥσπερ
The poor are likened to wild animals laboring under deprivation simply to keep the young alive.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἀπέβησανthey went forthVZI AAI3P · βαίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningβαίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'they went forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ὄνοιonoiN2 NPM · ὄνοςnominal term functioning in a nom relation→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὄνος: meaning 'onoi'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a nom relation.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀγρῷfieldN2 DSM · ἀγρόςdative complement→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἀγρός: meaning 'field'; it serves as dative complement.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐξελθόντεςgoing outVB · ααπνπμ ἔρχομαι + ἐκparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningααπνπμ ἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'going out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial modifier qualifying the surrounding clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτῶνthemselvesRD GPM · ἑαυτοῦgenitive dependent modifier / possession relation→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'themselves'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
πρᾶξινenterpriseN3I ASF · πρᾶξιςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningπρᾶξις: meaning 'enterprise'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ἡδύνθηbecame sweet / welcomeVC API3S · ἡδύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἡδύνω: meaning 'became sweet'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ἄρτοςbreadN2 NSM · ἄρτοςnominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἄρτος: meaning 'bread'; it serves as nominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
νεωτέρουςyoungA1A APMC · νέοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningνέος: meaning 'young'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement.
6

ἀγρὸν πρὸ ὥρας οὐκ αὐτῶν ὄντα ἐθέρισαν ἀδύνατοι δὲ ἀμπελῶνας ἀσεβῶν ἀμισθὶ καὶ ἀσιτὶ ἠργάσαντο

They harvested a field before its proper time that was not their own, and the helpless worked the vineyards of the ungodly without pay and without food.

catalogueasyndeton
Job highlights exploitative labor: the weak work another's land under conditions of deprivation.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἀγρὸνfieldN2 ASM · ἀγρόςnominal term functioning as an accusative complement→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἀγρός: meaning 'field'; it serves as nominal term functioning as an accusative complement.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition taking a complement within the phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition taking a complement within the phrase.
ὥραςhorasN1A GSF · ὥραnominal term functioning in a gen relation→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὥρα: meaning 'horas'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a gen relation.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὄνταontaV9 · παπασμ εἰμίparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance→ verbal action framed by the clause contextπαπασμ εἰμί: meaning 'onta'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
ἐθέρισανthey harvestedVAI AAI3P · θερίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningθερίζω: meaning 'they harvested'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀδύνατοιpowerlessA1B NPM · ἀδύνατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἀδύνατος: meaning 'powerless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀμπελῶναςvineyardN3W APM · ἀμπελώνaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἀμπελών: meaning 'vineyard'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
ἀμισθὶwithout wagesD · ἀμισθίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἀμισθὶ: meaning 'without wages'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσιτὶwithout foodD · ἀσιτίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἀσιτὶ: meaning 'without food'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠργάσαντοthey workedVAI AMI3P · ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἐργάζομαι: meaning 'they worked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7

γυμνοὺς πολλοὺς ἐκοίμισαν ἄνευ ἱματίων ἀμφίασιν δὲ ψυχῆς αὐτῶν ἀφείλαντο

They made many sleep naked without garments, and they took away the covering of their life.

catalogueasyndeton
The oppressors strip people not only of clothing but of what preserves life itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
γυμνοὺςnakedA1 APM · γυμνόςpredicate adjective→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningγυμνός: meaning 'naked'; it serves as predicate adjective.
πολλοὺςmanyA1 APM · πολύςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
ἐκοίμισανlayVAI AAI3P · κοιμίζωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningκοιμίζω: meaning 'lay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἄνευwithoutP · ἄνευpreposition governing the following phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἄνευ: meaning 'without'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἱματίωνgarmentsN2N GPN · ἱμάτιονnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἱμάτιον: meaning 'garments'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
ἀμφίασινcovering / clothingN3I ASM · ἀμφίασιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἀμφίασις: meaning 'covering'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψυχῆςlifeN1 GSF · ψυχήobject of περί within the idiom περὶ ψυχῆς→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as object of περί within the idiom περὶ ψυχῆς.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀφείλαντοthey took awayVBI AMI3P · αἱρέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningαἱρέω + ἀπο: meaning 'they took away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
8

ἀπὸ ψεκάδων ὀρέων ὑγραίνονται παρὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν αὐτοὺς σκέπην πέτραν περιεβάλοντο

They are drenched by the mountain showers; because they have no shelter, they wrapped themselves around a rock.

descriptionasyndeton
The homeless poor are pictured clinging to bare stone for cover from the weather.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ψεκάδωνdropsN3D GPF · ψεκάςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningψεκάς: meaning 'drops'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὀρέωνmountainsN3E GPN · ὄροςGenitive modifier→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὄρος: meaning 'mountains'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
ὑγραίνονταιare drenchedV1 PMI3P · ὑγραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὑγραίνω: meaning 'are drenched'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔχεινhaveV1 PAN · ἔχωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ infinitival force: verbal idea expressed without person or numberἔχω: meaning 'have'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
σκέπηνprotectionN1 ASF · σκέπηaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningσκέπη: meaning 'protection'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πέτρανrockN1A ASF · πέτραcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningπέτρα: meaning 'rock'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
περιεβάλοντοput onVBI AMI3P · βάλλω + περιmain verb describing the donning of mourning attire→ constative aorist middleβάλλω + περι: meaning 'put on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb describing the donning of mourning attire.
9

ἥρπασαν ὀρφανὸν ἀπὸ μαστοῦ ἐκπεπτωκότα δὲ ἐταπείνωσαν

They snatched an orphan from the breast, and they humbled one who had fallen away.

catalogueasyndeton
The violence reaches even nursing children and those already cast down.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ἥρπασανthey snatchedVAI AAI3P · ἁρπάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἁρπάζω: meaning 'they snatched'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀρφανὸνorphanA1 ASM · ὀρφανόςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὀρφανός: meaning 'orphan'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μαστοῦofN2 GSM · μαστόςgenitive nominal qualifying another element or marking relation→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningμαστός: meaning 'of'; it serves as genitive nominal qualifying another element or marking relation.
ἐκπεπτωκόταhaving fallen awayVX · χαπασμ πίπτω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningχαπασμ πίπτω + ἐκ: meaning 'having fallen away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐταπείνωσανthey humiliatedVAI AAI3P · ταπεινόωmain verb (the sexual violation)→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningταπεινόω: meaning 'they humiliated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the sexual violation).
10

γυμνοὺς δὲ ἐκοίμισαν ἀδίκως πεινώντων δὲ τὸν ψωμὸν ἀφείλαντο

And they made the naked sleep unjustly, and from the hungry they took away the morsel.

catalogueδὲ
Even the little bit of food that sustains the hungry is removed.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
γυμνοὺςnakedA1 APM · γυμνόςpredicate adjective→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningγυμνός: meaning 'naked'; it serves as predicate adjective.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκοίμισανlayVAI AAI3P · κοιμίζωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningκοιμίζω: meaning 'lay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἀδίκωςunjustlyD · ἀδίκωςadverbial modifier of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἀδίκως: meaning 'unjustly'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
πεινώντωνthe hungryV3 · παπγπμ πεινάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningπαπγπμ πεινάω: meaning 'the hungry'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψωμὸνmorselN2 ASM · ψωμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningψωμός: meaning 'morsel'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀφείλαντοthey took awayVBI AMI3P · αἱρέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningαἱρέω + ἀπο: meaning 'they took away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
11

ἐν στενοῖς ἀδίκως ἐνήδρευσαν ὁδὸν δὲ δικαίαν οὐκ ᾔδεισαν

In narrow places they lay in wait unjustly, and they did not know the right way.

catalogueasyndeton
Violence is not accidental here; it is deliberate ambush and moral ignorance.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
στενοῖςdistressesA1 DPM · στενόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningστενός: meaning 'distresses'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀδίκωςunjustlyD · ἀδίκωςadverbial modifier of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἀδίκως: meaning 'unjustly'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐνήδρευσανthey lay in waitVAI AAI3P · ἐνεδρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἐνεδρεύω: meaning 'they lay in wait'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁδὸνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὁδὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαίανjustA1A ASF · δίκαιοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδίκαιος: meaning 'just'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ᾔδεισανthey knewVXI YAI3P · οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningοἶδα: meaning 'they knew'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12

οἳ ἐκ πόλεως καὶ οἴκων ἰδίων ἐξεβάλλοντο ψυχὴ δὲ νηπίων ἐστέναξεν μέγα αὐτὸς δὲ διὰ τί τούτων ἐπισκοπὴν οὐ πεποίηται

Those who were driven out from city and from their own houses, and the soul of little children groaned greatly, yet why has he not made an inspection of these things?

lament-questionδὲ
The catalogue swells into protest: displacement and child-groaning rise, yet oversight seems absent.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
οἳwho / whichRR NPM · ὅςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningοἳ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἴκωνhousesN2 GPM · οἶκοςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningοἶκος: meaning 'houses'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
ἰδίωνtheir ownA1A GPM · ἴδιοςgenitive element qualifying another term or expressing relation→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἴδιος: meaning 'their own'; it serves as genitive element qualifying another term or expressing relation.
ἐξεβάλλοντοthey were driven outV1I IMI3P · βάλλω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningβάλλω + ἐκ: meaning 'they were driven out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ψυχὴsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήSubject / head term→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as Subject / head term.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νηπίωνinfantsA1A GPM · νήπιοςgenitive element qualifying another term or governed by a preposition→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningνηπίων: meaning 'infants'; here it marks the relation signaled by genitive element qualifying another term or governed by a preposition.
ἐστέναξενgroanedVAI AAI3S · στενάζωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningστενάζω: meaning 'groaned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
μέγαgreatA1P ASN · μέγαςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
τούτωνtheseRD GPM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningτούτων: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐπισκοπὴνvisitationN1 ASF · ἐπισκοπήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἐπισκοπή: meaning 'visitation'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
πεποίηταιhas been doneVM XMI3S · ποιέωverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningποιέω: meaning 'has been done'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
13

ἐπὶ γῆς ὄντων αὐτῶν καὶ οὐκ ἐπέγνωσαν ὁδὸν δὲ δικαιοσύνης οὐκ ᾔδεισαν οὐδὲ ἀτραποὺς αὐτῆς ἐπορεύθησαν

Though they are upon the earth, they did not recognize the way of righteousness, nor did they know its paths.

assessmentἐπὶ γῆς
The wicked inhabit the same world as everyone else yet remain strangers to righteousness.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ὄντωνbeV9 · παπγπμ εἰμίverbal element expressing action, process, or state within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningπαπγπμ εἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element expressing action, process, or state within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπέγνωσανrecognizedVZI AAI3P · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'recognized'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ὁδὸνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὁδὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαιοσύνηςof righteousnessN1 GSF · δικαιοσύνηnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'of righteousness'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ᾔδεισανthey knewVXI YAI3P · οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningοἶδα: meaning 'they knew'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀτραποὺςpaths / tracksN2 APF · ἀτραπόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἀτραπός: meaning 'paths'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἐπορεύθησανgoVCI API3P · πορεύομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aorist passive-form deponentπορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
14

γνοὺς δὲ αὐτῶν τὰ ἔργα παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς εἰς σκότος καὶ νυκτὸς ἔσται ὡς κλέπτης

And knowing their works, he handed them over to darkness, and in the night he will be like a thief.

transitionδὲ
The chapter turns from the suffering of victims to the habits of those who belong to darkness.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
γνοὺςgignoskoVZ · ααπνσμ γιγνώσκωparticipial verbal form modifying a noun or supplying attendant circumstance→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningααπνσμ γιγνώσκω: meaning 'gignosko'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form modifying a noun or supplying attendant circumstance.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
παρέδωκενto hand overVAI AAI3S · δίδωμι + παραfinite verb advancing the clause→ aoristδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'to hand over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σκότοςdarknessN3E ASN · σκότοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningσκότος: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νυκτὸςnightN3 GSF · νύξgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningνύξ: meaning 'night'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
κλέπτηςthiefN1M NSM · κλέπτηςnominative element functioning in the clause core→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningκλέπτης: meaning 'thief'; it serves as nominative element functioning in the clause core.
15

καὶ ὀφθαλμὸς μοιχοῦ ἐφύλαξεν σκότος λέγων οὐ προσνοήσει με ὀφθαλμός καὶ ἀποκρυβὴν προσώπου ἔθετο

And the eye of the adulterer watched for darkness, saying, No eye will notice me, and he set a covering upon his face.

night-crimeκαὶ
The adulterer thrives in secrecy and acts on the assumption that darkness grants invisibility.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀφθαλμὸςeyeN2 NSM · ὀφθαλμόςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
μοιχοῦof an adultererN2 GSM · μοιχόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningμοιχός: meaning 'of an adulterer'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐφύλαξενhe keptVAI AAI3S · φυλάσσωfinite verb advancing the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningφυλάσσω: meaning 'he kept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
σκότοςdarknessN3E ASN · σκότοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningσκότος: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal action in summary styleπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
προσνοήσειwill notice / observe closelyVF FAI3S · νοέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningνοέω + προς: meaning 'will notice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὀφθαλμόςeyeN2 NSM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποκρυβὴνconcealmentN1 ASF · ἀποκρυβήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἀποκρυβή: meaning 'concealment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ἔθετοplace / appointVEI AMI3S · τίθημιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
16

διώρυξεν ἐν σκότει οἰκίας ἡμέρας ἐσφράγισαν ἑαυτούς οὐκ ἐπέγνωσαν φῶς

He dug through houses in darkness; by day they sealed themselves off; they did not know the light.

night-crimeasyndeton
Housebreaking belongs to the same nocturnal moral world that shuns daylight.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
διώρυξενdug throughVAI AAI3S · ὀρύσσω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὀρύσσω + δια: meaning 'dug through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σκότειdarknessN3E DSN · σκότοςdative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningσκότος: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as dative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means.
οἰκίαςhousesN1A APF · οἰκίαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningοἰκία: meaning 'houses'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἐσφράγισανthey sealed offVAI AAI3P · σφραγίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningσφραγίζω: meaning 'they sealed off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἑαυτούςhimself / themselvesRD APM · ἑαυτοῦacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἑαυτούς: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπέγνωσανrecognizedVZI AAI3P · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'recognized'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative element functioning as object, goal, or extent→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, goal, or extent.
17

ὅτι ὁμοθυμαδὸν τὸ πρωὶ αὐτοῖς σκιὰ θανάτου ὅτι ἐπιγνώσεται ταραχὰς σκιᾶς θανάτου

For together the morning is to them a shadow of death, because they will recognize the terrors of the shadow of death.

explanationὅτι
Dawn, which should reveal and restore, is itself deathlike to those committed to darkness.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁμοθυμαδὸνwith one accordD · ὁμοθυμαδόνparticle or discourse marker shaping the flow of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὁμοθυμαδὸν: meaning 'with one accord'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρωὶin the morningD · πρωί̈adverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceπρωί̈: meaning 'in the morning'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
σκιὰshadowN1A NSF · σκιάnominative term in clause/list→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningσκιά: meaning 'shadow'; it serves as nominative term in clause/list.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive of quality / destiny (with υἱός: 'son of death')→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as genitive of quality / destiny (with υἱός: 'son of death').
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιγνώσεταιwill recognizeVF FMI3S · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'will recognize'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταραχὰςdisturbancesN1 APF · ταραχήnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningταραχή: meaning 'disturbances'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
σκιᾶςσκιᾶςN1A GSF · σκιάgenitival nominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningσκιά: meaning 'σκιᾶς'; it serves as genitival nominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive of quality / destiny (with υἱός: 'son of death')→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as genitive of quality / destiny (with υἱός: 'son of death').
18

ἐλαφρός ἐστιν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον ὕδατος καταραθείη ἡ μερὶς αὐτῶν ἐπὶ γῆς

He is light upon the face of the water; may their portion upon the earth be cursed.

judgment-sayingasyndeton
The wicked are portrayed as insubstantial and exposed to curse.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐλαφρόςlight / swiftA1A NSM · ἐλαφρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἐλαφρός: meaning 'light'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρnominal term functioning as a genitive dependent→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a genitive dependent.
καταραθείηmay it be cursedVC APO3S · ἀράομαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἀράομαι + κατα: meaning 'may it be cursed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μερὶςportionN3D NSF · μερίςcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningμερίς: meaning 'portion'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
19

ἀναφανείη δὲ τὰ φυτὰ αὐτῶν ἐπὶ γῆς ξηρά ἀγκαλίδα γὰρ ὀρφανῶν ἥρπασαν

And may their plants appear upon dry land, for they snatched the embrace of orphans.

judgment-sayingδὲ
Their seeming growth is ironically cast onto barrenness because they robbed the defenseless.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀναφανείηmay it appearVD APO3S · φαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningφαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'may it appear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυτὰplants / shootsN2N NPN · φυτόνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningφυτόν: meaning 'plants'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ξηράdry landA1A APN · ξηρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningξηρός: meaning 'dry land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀγκαλίδαembrace / armfulN3D APF · ἀγκαλίςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἀγκαλίς: meaning 'embrace'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀρφανῶνorphanosA1 GPM · ὀρφανόςgenitive dependent phrase within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὀρφανός: meaning 'orphanos'; it serves as genitive dependent phrase within the clause.
ἥρπασανthey snatchedVAI AAI3P · ἁρπάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἁρπάζω: meaning 'they snatched'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
20

εἶτ' ἀνεμνήσθη αὐτοῦ ἡ ἁμαρτία ὥσπερ δὲ ὁμίχλη δρόσου ἀφανὴς ἐγένετο ἀποδοθείη δὲ αὐτῷ ἃ ἔπραξεν συντριβείη δὲ πᾶς ἄδικος ἴσα ξύλῳ ἀνιάτῳ

Then his sin was remembered; like the mist of dew he became invisible. And what he did should be repaid to him, and every unjust man should be broken like incurable wood.

judgment-sayingεἶτ'
The poem imagines the wicked passing away into obscurity while retribution remains fitting and necessary.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
εἶτ'thenD · εἶταadverbial element shaping manner, emphasis, or clause relation→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningεἶτα: meaning 'then'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἀνεμνήσθηwas rememberedVSI API3S · μιμνήσκω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningμιμνήσκω + ἀνα: meaning 'was remembered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαsinN1A NSF · ἁμαρτίαcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁμίχληmistN1 NSF · ὁμίχληnominative nominal element marking subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὁμίχλη: meaning 'mist'; it serves as nominative nominal element marking subject, predicate, or apposition.
δρόσουdewN2 GSF · δρόσοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδρόσος: meaning 'dew'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
ἀφανὴςinvisibleA3H NSM · ἀφανήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἀφανής: meaning 'invisible'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἀποδοθείηshould be repaidVC APO3S · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'should be repaid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
whichRR APN · ὅςcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
ἔπραξενhe did / practicedVAI AAI3S · πράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningπράσσω: meaning 'he did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συντριβείηlet it be brokenVD APO3S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningτρίβω + συν: meaning 'let it be broken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἄδικοςunjustA1B NSM · ἄδικοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἄδικος: meaning 'unjust'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
ἴσαlike / equal toD · ἴσοςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἴσα: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ξύλῳwood, stakeN2N DSN · ξύλονdative complement→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningξύλον: meaning 'wood, stake'; it serves as dative complement.
ἀνιάτῳincurableA1B DSN · ἀνίατοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἀνίατος: meaning 'incurable'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
21

στεῖραν γὰρ οὐκ εὖ ἐποίησεν καὶ γύναιον οὐκ ἠλέησεν

For he did not treat the barren woman well, and he did not show mercy to the woman.

groundγὰρ
The moral case against the wicked is restated in terms of merciless treatment of vulnerable women.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
στεῖρανbarrenN1A ASF · στεῖραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningστεῖρα: meaning 'barren'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εὖwellD · εὖadverb (with ποιῆσαι: 'to do good')→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningεὖ: meaning 'well'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γύναιονwomanN2N ASN · γύναιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningγύναιον: meaning 'woman'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἠλέησενhad mercy onVAI AAI3S · ἐλεέωverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἐλεέω: meaning 'had mercy on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause.
22

θυμῷ δὲ κατέστρεψεν ἀδυνάτους ἀναστὰς τοιγαροῦν οὐ μὴ πιστεύσῃ κατὰ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ ζωῆς

And in wrath he destroyed the helpless; therefore, having risen up, he will not trust in his own life.

judgmentδὲ
Violence against the weak rebounds into insecurity and fear within the oppressor's own life.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
θυμῷwrathN2 DSM · θυμόςDative complement→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningθυμός: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as Dative complement.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέστρεψεν+ kataVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + καταfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aorist (completed act of destruction)στρέφω + κατα: meaning '+ kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἀδυνάτουςthe helplessA1B APM · ἀδύνατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἀδύνατος: meaning 'the helpless'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀναστὰςhaving arisenVH · ααπνσμ ἵστημι + ἀναparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningααπνσμ ἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'having arisen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial modifier qualifying the surrounding clause.
τοιγαροῦνtherefore / accordinglyC · τοιγαροῦνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningτοιγαροῦν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
πιστεύσῃhe will trustVF FMI2S · πιστεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningπιστεύω: meaning 'he will trust'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronoun referring within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring within the clause.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
23

μαλακισθεὶς μὴ ἐλπιζέτω ὑγιασθῆναι ἀλλὰ πεσεῖται νόσῳ

Having grown weak, let him not hope to be restored to health, but he will fall in sickness.

judgmentasyndeton
The end of the oppressor is cast in bodily collapse rather than durable power.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
μαλακισθεὶςhaving grown weakVS · αππνσμ μαλακίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningαππνσμ μαλακίζομαι: meaning 'having grown weak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐλπιζέτωlet him hopeV1 PAD3S · ἐλπίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningἐλπίζω: meaning 'let him hope'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑγιασθῆναιto be restored to healthVS APN · ὑγιάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὑγιάζω: meaning 'to be restored to health'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunction→ coordinationἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεσεῖταιfallVF2 FMI3S · πίπτωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningπίπτω: meaning 'fall'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
νόσῳdiseaseN2 DSF · νόσοςcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningνόσος: meaning 'disease'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
24

πολλοὺς γὰρ ἐκάκωσεν τὸ ὕψωμα αὐτοῦ ἐμαράνθη δὲ ὥσπερ μολόχη ἐν καύματι ἢ ὥσπερ στάχυς ἀπὸ καλάμης αὐτόματος ἀποπεσών

For he harmed many; his height withered like mallow in the heat, or like an ear of grain that falls of itself from the stalk.

judgment-imageγὰρ
The final similes stress how quickly apparent strength can wither and fall.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
πολλοὺςmanyA1 APM · πολύςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκάκωσενhe harmedVAI AAI3S · κακόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningκακόω: meaning 'he harmed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕψωμαexaltationN3M NSN · ὕψωμαhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὕψωμα: meaning 'exaltation'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐμαράνθηwitheredVCI API3S · μαραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningμαραίνω: meaning 'withered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
μολόχηmallowN1 NSF · μολόχηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningμολόχη: meaning 'mallow'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
καύματιheatN3M DSN · καῦμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningκαῦμα: meaning 'heat'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
orC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
στάχυςear of grainN3U NSM · στάχυςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningστάχυς: meaning 'ear of grain'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
καλάμηςstrawN1 GSF · καλάμηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningκαλάμη: meaning 'straw'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτόματοςof itself / spontaneouslyA1 NSM · αὐτόματοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningαὐτόματος: meaning 'of itself'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀποπεσώνhaving fallen offVB · ααπνσμ πίπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningααπνσμ πίπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'having fallen off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
25

εἰ δὲ μή τίς ἐστιν ὁ φάμενος ψευδῆ με λέγειν καὶ θήσει εἰς οὐδὲν τὰ ῥήματά μου

But if not, who is the one saying that I speak lies, and who will reduce my words to nothing?

challengeεἰ δὲ μή
Job closes with a direct challenge: let anyone prove his description false.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μήnotD · μήadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relation→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningμή: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φάμενοςsaying / claimingV6 · πμπνσμ φημίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningπμπνσμ φημί: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ψευδῆfalseA3H APN · ψευδήςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningψευδής: meaning 'false'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
λέγεινto sayV1 PAN · λέγωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningλέγω: meaning 'to say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θήσειshall makeVF FAI3S · τίθημιFinite verb / predicate→ futureτίθημι: meaning 'shall make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
οὐδὲνnothingA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative subject-like object of the impersonal opposition clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningοὐδείς: meaning 'nothing'; it serves as accusative subject-like object of the impersonal opposition clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματάwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαsubject of καταβήτω→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as subject of καταβήτω.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.