1
μετὰ δὲ τὸ παύσασθαι Ελιουν τῆς λέξεως εἶπεν ὁ κύριος τῷ Ιωβ διὰ λαίλαπος καὶ νεφῶν
And after Elihu had ceased from speaking, the Lord said to Job through whirlwind and clouds,
Elihu’s speeches end, and the long-awaited divine answer breaks in from storm and cloud.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παύσασθαιcease / stopVA AMN · παύωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπαύω: meaning 'cease'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ΕλιουνElihuN ASM · Ελιουςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsΕλιουν: meaning 'Elihu'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λέξεωςof expressionN3I GSF · λέξιςgenitive element marking relation, possession, or qualification→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsλέξις: meaning 'of expression'; it serves as genitive element marking relation, possession, or qualification.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙωβJobN DSM · Ιωβadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsΙωβ: meaning 'Job'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
λαίλαποςwhirlwindN3P GSF · λαῖλαψgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsλαῖλαψ: meaning 'whirlwind'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νεφῶνof the cloudsN3E GPN · νέφοςgenitive term qualifying a related noun or expression→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsνέφος: meaning 'of the clouds'; it serves as genitive term qualifying a related noun or expression.
2
τίς οὗτος ὁ κρύπτων με βουλήν συνέχων δὲ ῥήματα ἐν καρδίᾳ ἐμὲ δὲ οἴεται κρύπτειν
Who is this that hides counsel from me, keeping words in his heart, yet thinks to hide them from me?
The Lord begins not with explanation but with a rebuke of Job’s attempt to speak about hidden counsel.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsοὗτος: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρύπτωνhideV1 · παπνσμ κρύπτωparticipial verbal form modifying the clause and supplying attendant action or description→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπαπνσμ κρύπτω: meaning 'hide'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form modifying the clause and supplying attendant action or description.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
βουλήνcounselN1 ASF · βουλήnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
συνέχωνkeeping backV1 · παπνσμ ἔχω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπαπνσμ ἔχω + συν: meaning 'keeping back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥήματαwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαobject of ποιεῖν→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as object of ποιεῖν.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative complement→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative complement.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἴεταιthinksV1 PMI3S · οἴομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsοἴομαι: meaning 'thinks'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρύπτεινto concealV1 PAN · κρύπτωfinite verb carrying the saying's main assertion→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsκρύπτω: meaning 'to conceal'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb carrying the saying's main assertion.
3
ζῶσαι ὥσπερ ἀνὴρ τὴν ὀσφύν σου ἐρωτήσω δέ σε σὺ δέ μοι ἀποκρίθητι
Gird your loins like a man; I will question you, and you answer me.
Job is summoned to stand firm and answer under divine questioning rather than continue questioning God.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ζῶσαιgirdVO AMD2S · ζώννυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsζώννυμι: meaning 'gird'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀσφύνloinN3U ASF · ὀσφύςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὀσφύς: meaning 'loin'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐρωτήσωaskedVA AAS1S · ἐρωτάωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἐρωτάω: meaning 'asked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
σὺyouRP NS · σύnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀποκρίθητιanswerVC APD2S · κρίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'answer'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
ποῦ ἦς ἐν τῷ θεμελιοῦν με τὴν γῆν ἀπάγγειλον δέ μοι εἰ ἐπίστῃ σύνεσιν
Where were you when I was founding the earth? Tell me, if indeed you understand.
The interrogation opens at the beginning: Job is asked about the earth’s foundation.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ποῦwhereD · ποῦinterrogative adverb (introducing deliberative indirect question)→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsποῦ: meaning 'where'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἦςwere youV9 IAS2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἦς: meaning 'were you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεμελιοῦνfoundingV4 PAN · θεμελιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsθεμελιόω: meaning 'founding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἀπάγγειλονaggello apoVA AAD2S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀποverbal element advancing the action or state of the clause→ imperatival verbal form directing the hearerἀγγέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'aggello apo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the action or state of the clause.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπίστῃyou understandV6 PMS2S · ἐπίσταμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἐπίσταμαι: meaning 'you understand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σύνεσινunderstandingN3I ASF · σύνεσιςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsσύνεσις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
5
τίς ἔθετο τὰ μέτρα αὐτῆς εἰ οἶδας ἢ τίς ὁ ἐπαγαγὼν σπαρτίον ἐπ' αὐτῆς
Who set its measures, if you know, or who stretched a line upon it?
Architectural imagery presses Job’s absence from the measuring and design of the world.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἔθετοplace / appointVEI AMI3S · τίθημιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέτραmeasureN2N APN · μέτρονaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsμέτρον: meaning 'measure'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶδαςknowVX XAI2S · οἶδαmain verbal form advancing the court-crisis narrative or the prayerful appeal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsοἶδα: meaning 'know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the court-crisis narrative or the prayerful appeal.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπαγαγὼνagopiVB · ααπνσμ ἄγω + ἐπιparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsααπνσμ ἄγω + ἐπι: meaning 'agopi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description.
σπαρτίονmeasuring lineN2 ASN · σπαρτίονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsσπαρτίον: meaning 'measuring line'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
6
ἐπὶ τίνος οἱ κρίκοι αὐτῆς πεπήγασιν τίς δέ ἐστιν ὁ βαλὼν λίθον γωνιαῖον ἐπ' αὐτῆς
Upon what have its rings been fixed, and who is the one who cast the cornerstone upon it,
The earth is pictured as a structured work with fixtures and a cornerstone set by another hand.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τίνοςwhatRI GSN · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτίνος: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίκοιringsN2 NPM · κρίκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsκρίκος: meaning 'rings'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
πεπήγασινhave been fixedVX XAI3P · πήγνυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπήγνυμι: meaning 'have been fixed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βαλὼνhaving castVB · ααπνσμ βάλλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsααπνσμ βάλλω: meaning 'having cast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λίθονstonesN2 ASM · λίθοςaccusative complement→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsλίθος: meaning 'stones'; it serves as accusative complement.
γωνιαῖονcornerstoneA1 ASM · γωνιαῖοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsγωνιαῖος: meaning 'cornerstone'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
7
ὅτε ἐγενήθησαν ἄστρα ᾔνεσάν με φωνῇ μεγάλῃ πάντες ἄγγελοί μου
when the stars came into being and all my angels praised me with a loud voice?
The founding of creation is accompanied by cosmic praise, a scene Job did not witness.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relation→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὅτε: meaning 'when'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐγενήθησανaroseVCI API3P · γίγνομαιFinite verb / predicate→ aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'arose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
ἄστραstarN2N NPN · ἄστρονnominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἄστρον: meaning 'star'; it serves as nominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
ᾔνεσάνpraiseVAI AAI3P · αἰνέωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsαἰνέω: meaning 'praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
φωνῇvoiceN1 DSF · φωνήdative complement within the clause or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
μεγάλῃgreatA1 DSF · μέγαςDative complement→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as Dative complement.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἄγγελοίangelsN2 NPM · ἄγγελοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἄγγελος: meaning 'angels'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
8
ἔφραξα δὲ θάλασσαν πύλαις ὅτε ἐμαίμασσεν ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς αὐτῆς ἐκπορευομένη
And I fenced in the sea with gates when it rushed forth, coming out from its mother’s womb,
The sea is imagined as a newborn force that God alone enclosed and controlled.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἔφραξαfenced inVAI AAI1S · φράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsφράσσω: meaning 'fenced in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θάλασσανseaN1S ASF · θάλασσαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
πύλαιςgatesN1 DPF · πύληhead noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπύλη: meaning 'gates'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relation→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὅτε: meaning 'when'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐμαίμασσενrushed forthVAI AAI3S · μαιμάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsμαιμάσσω: meaning 'rushed forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κοιλίαςbelly / wombN1A GSF · κοιλίαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsκοιλία: meaning 'belly'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
μητρὸςof the motherN3 GSF · μήτηρgenitive of possession (with μήτρας: 'mother's womb')→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsμήτηρ: meaning 'of the mother'; it serves as genitive of possession (with μήτρας: 'mother's womb').
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἐκπορευομένηgoing forthV1 · πμπνσφ πορεύομαι + ἐκparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal force→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπμπνσφ πορεύομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'going forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal force.
9
ἐθέμην δὲ αὐτῇ νέφος ἀμφίασιν ὁμίχλῃ δὲ αὐτὴν ἐσπαργάνωσα
and I made cloud its clothing, and I swaddled it with mist,
Maternal and royal imagery combine as God clothes and swaddles the newborn sea.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐθέμηνI madeVEI AMI1S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτίθημι: meaning 'I made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase.
νέφοςcloudN3E ASN · νέφοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsνέφος: meaning 'cloud'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀμφίασινgarmentN3I ASM · ἀμφίασιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἀμφίασις: meaning 'garment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁμίχλῃgloomN1 DSF · ὁμίχληdative nominal element marking relation, location, or instrument within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὁμίχλη: meaning 'gloom'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, location, or instrument within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἐσπαργάνωσαI swaddledVAI AAI1S · σπαργανόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsσπαργανόω: meaning 'I swaddled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
ἐθέμην δὲ αὐτῇ ὅρια περιθεὶς κλεῖθρα καὶ πύλας
and I set boundaries for it, placing bars and gates around it.
Divine rule over the sea is expressed in limits, bars, and gates.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἐθέμηνI setVEI AMI1S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτίθημι: meaning 'I set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase.
ὅριαborderN2N APN · ὅριονsubject→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὅριον: meaning 'border'; it serves as subject.
περιθεὶςplacing aroundVE · ααπνσμ τίθημι + περιcircumstantial participle explaining how he made the constructions→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsααπνσμ τίθημι + περι: meaning 'placing around'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle explaining how he made the constructions.
κλεῖθραboltN2N APN · κλεῖθρονaccusative substantive functioning as object or extent→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsκλεῖθρον: meaning 'bolt'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or extent.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πύλαςgatesN1 APF · πύληcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπύλη: meaning 'gates'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
11
εἶπα δὲ αὐτῇ μέχρι τούτου ἐλεύσῃ καὶ οὐχ ὑπερβήσῃ ἀλλ' ἐν σεαυτῇ συντριβήσεταί σου τὰ κύματα
And I said to it, “You shall come this far and no farther, but within yourself your waves shall be broken.”
The sea’s proud energy is stopped by a spoken limit from God.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
εἶπαI saidVAI AAI1S · εἶπονfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'I said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase.
μέχριuntilP · μέχριconjunction (with οὗ: temporal 'until')→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsμέχρι: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τούτουthis / theseRD GSM · οὗτοςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτούτου: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ἐλεύσῃyou shall comeVF FMI2S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ future verbal form presenting the action as forthcomingἔρχομαι: meaning 'you shall come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ simple negationοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ὑπερβήσῃyou will cross overVF FMI2S · βαίνω + ὑπερmain verbal form advancing the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsβαίνω + ὑπερ: meaning 'you will cross over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σεαυτῇyourselfRD DSF · σεαυτοῦdative complement marking reference, recipient, means, or sphere→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsσεαυτοῦ: meaning 'yourself'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
συντριβήσεταίshall be brokenVD FPI3S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτρίβω + συν: meaning 'shall be broken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύματαwavesN3M NPN · κῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsκῦμα: meaning 'waves'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
12
ἦ ἐπὶ σοῦ συντέταχα φέγγος πρωινόν ἑωσφόρος δὲ εἶδεν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ τάξιν
Was it at your command that I ordered the morning light, and that the morning star saw its own place,
The questions move from sea to dawn: Job is asked whether he ever commanded the morning.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἦsurelyD · ἦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἦ: meaning 'surely'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
συντέταχαI orderedVX XAI1S · τάσσω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτάσσω + συν: meaning 'I ordered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φέγγοςlightN3E ASN · φέγγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsφέγγος: meaning 'light'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement.
πρωινόνmorningA1 ASN · πρωινόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπρωινός: meaning 'morning'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἑωσφόροςmorning starN2 NSM · ἑωσφόροςnominative element functioning within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἑωσφόρος: meaning 'morning star'; it serves as nominative element functioning within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶδενsawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronoun referring within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring within the clause.
τάξινformN3I ASF · τάξιςAccusative object with ἔχοντος describing the well's state.→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτάξις: meaning 'form'; it serves as Accusative object with ἔχοντος describing the well's state.
13
ἐπιλαβέσθαι πτερύγων γῆς ἐκτινάξαι ἀσεβεῖς ἐξ αὐτῆς
to seize the wings of the earth and shake the ungodly out of it?
Morning light is pictured as grasping the world and shaking out those who love darkness.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ἐπιλαβέσθαιto seizeVB AMN · λαμβάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsλαμβάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'to seize'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πτερύγωνwingN3G GPF · πτέρυξgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπτέρυξ: meaning 'wing'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ἐκτινάξαιto shake outVA AAN · τινάσσω + ἐκinfinitive complement expressing purpose, result, or dependent action→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτινάσσω + ἐκ: meaning 'to shake out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement expressing purpose, result, or dependent action.
ἀσεβεῖςungodlyA3H APM · ἀσεβήςdirect object of ἐξωλέθρευσεν→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as direct object of ἐξωλέθρευσεν.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
14
ἦ σὺ λαβὼν γῆν πηλὸν ἔπλασας ζῷον καὶ λαλητὸν αὐτὸν ἔθου ἐπὶ γῆς
Or did you take clay earth and shape a living creature, and set him on the earth as one able to speak?
The Lord asks whether Job has ever formed living, speaking humanity from the ground.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἦsurelyD · ἦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἦ: meaning 'surely'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λαβὼνhaving takenVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνωparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the action→ verbal action framed by the clause contextααπνσμ λαμβάνω: meaning 'having taken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying or advancing the action.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
πηλὸνmudN2 ASM · πηλόςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπηλός: meaning 'mud'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
ἔπλασαςeplasasVAI AAI2S · πλάσσωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a wholeπλάσσω: meaning 'eplasas'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ζῷονliving creatureN2N ASN · ζῷονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsζῷον: meaning 'living creature'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαλητὸνable to speakN2 ASM · λαλητόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsλαλητός: meaning 'able to speak'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἔθουappointedVEI AMI2S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτίθημι: meaning 'appointed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
15
ἀφεῖλας δὲ ἀπὸ ἀσεβῶν τὸ φῶς βραχίονα δὲ ὑπερηφάνων συνέτριψας
And you took away light from the ungodly, and shattered the arm of the proud.
Judgment over the wicked is linked with light withdrawn and the proud arm broken.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀφεῖλαςyou took awayVBI AAI2S · αἱρέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsαἱρέω + ἀπο: meaning 'you took away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative element functioning as object, goal, or extent→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, goal, or extent.
βραχίοναarmN3N ASM · βραχίωνaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsβραχίων: meaning 'arm'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερηφάνωνproud oneA1B GPM · ὑπερήφανοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptive qualification→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὑπερήφανος: meaning 'proud one'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptive qualification.
συνέτριψαςyou crushedVAI AAI2S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτρίβω + συν: meaning 'you crushed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
16
ἦλθες δὲ ἐπὶ πηγὴν θαλάσσης ἐν δὲ ἴχνεσιν ἀβύσσου περιεπάτησας
Have you come to the spring of the sea, and have you walked in the tracks of the deep?
Job is challenged on whether he has penetrated the inaccessible depths of the sea.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἦλθεςyou cameVBI AAI2S · ἔρχομαιverb of relative clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἔρχομαι: meaning 'you came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of relative clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πηγὴνπηγήN1 ASF · πηγήaccusative term functioning as complement or object→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπηγή: meaning 'πηγή'; it serves as accusative term functioning as complement or object.
θαλάσσηςseaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴχνεσινtracksN3E DPN · ἴχνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἴχνος: meaning 'tracks'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀβύσσουdeep / abyssN2 GSF · ἄβυσσοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἄβυσσος: meaning 'deep'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
περιεπάτησαςwalked aroundVAI AAI2S · πατέω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπατέω + περι: meaning 'walked around'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
ἀνοίγονται δέ σοι φόβῳ πύλαι θανάτου πυλωροὶ δὲ ᾅδου ἰδόντες σε ἔπτηξαν
Do the gates of death open to you in fear, and have the gatekeepers of Hades, seeing you, trembled?
The divine interrogation extends to death and Hades, realms beyond ordinary human access.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀνοίγονταιopenV1 PMI3P · οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
φόβῳfearN2 DSM · φόβοςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as dative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest.
πύλαιgateN1 NPF · πύληnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπύλη: meaning 'gate'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive of quality / destiny (with υἱός: 'son of death')→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as genitive of quality / destiny (with υἱός: 'son of death').
πυλωροὶpyloroiN2 NPM · πυλωρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπυλωρός: meaning 'pyloroi'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾅδουto HadesN1M GSM · ᾅδηςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsᾅδης: meaning 'to Hades'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
ἰδόντεςseeVB · ααπνπμ ὁράωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description→ verbal action framed by the clause contextααπνπμ ὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἔπτηξανlost heartVAI AAI3P · πτήσσωFinite verb expressing their inward panic→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπτήσσω: meaning 'lost heart'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb expressing their inward panic.
18
νενουθέτησαι δὲ τὸ εὖρος τῆς ὑπ' οὐρανόν ἀνάγγειλον δή μοι πόση τίς ἐστιν
Have you been instructed concerning the breadth under heaven? Tell me, then, how great it is.
Job is asked whether he has comprehended the world’s full extent.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
νενουθέτησαιhave you been instructedVM XPP2S · νουθετέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsνουθετέω: meaning 'have you been instructed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὖροςεὖροςN3E ASN · εὖροςObject / complement→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsεὖρος: meaning 'εὖρος'; it serves as Object / complement.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπ'byP · ὑπόpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὑπ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
οὐρανόνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἀνάγγειλονtell / reportVA AAD2S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναmain verb (Joab's command to the Cushite)→ commandἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'tell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Joab's command to the Cushite).
δήdeX · δήnominal term functioning within the local clause or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδή: meaning 'de'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
πόσηhow greatA1 NSF · πόσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπόσος: meaning 'how great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
19
ποίᾳ δὲ γῇ αὐλίζεται τὸ φῶς σκότους δὲ ποῖος ὁ τόπος
In what land does the light lodge, and what is the place of darkness?
Light and darkness are treated as realities with their own domain, unknown to Job.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ποίᾳwhat sort ofA1A DSF · ποῖοςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsποῖος: meaning 'what sort of'; it serves as dative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
αὐλίζεταιlodgesV1 PMI3S · αὐλίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsαὐλίζω: meaning 'lodges'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φῶςlightN3T NSN · φῶςnominative subject / predicate element in the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
σκότουςof darknessN3E GSN · σκότοςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsσκότος: meaning 'of darkness'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποῖοςwhat sort ofA1A NSM · ποῖοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsποῖος: meaning 'what sort of'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόποςplaceN2 NSM · τόποςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
20
εἰ ἀγάγοις με εἰς ὅρια αὐτῶν εἰ δὲ καὶ ἐπίστασαι τρίβους αὐτῶν
Could you bring me to their boundaries, and do you know their paths?
The question presses whether Job can guide God through the paths of light and darkness.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγάγοιςyou could bringVB AAO2S · ἄγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἄγω: meaning 'you could bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὅριαborderN2N APN · ὅριονsubject→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὅριον: meaning 'border'; it serves as subject.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπίστασαιyou knowV6 PMI2S · ἐπίσταμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἐπίσταμαι: meaning 'you know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τρίβουςpathsN2 APF · τρίβοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτρίβος: meaning 'paths'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
21
οἶδα ἄρα ὅτι τότε γεγέννησαι ἀριθμὸς δὲ ἐτῶν σου πολύς
Surely I know that you were born then, and that the number of your years is great.
The Lord’s irony exposes the absurdity of imagining Job old enough to know creation firsthand.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
οἶδαI knowVX XAI1S · οἶδαmain verb introducing Mattathias's judgment→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsοἶδα: meaning 'I know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb introducing Mattathias's judgment.
ἄραperhapsX · ἄραparticle softening the expectation→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἄρα: meaning 'perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceτότε: meaning 'then'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
γεγέννησαιyou were bornVM XMI2S · γεννάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsγεννάω: meaning 'you were born'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀριθμὸςnumberN2 NSM · ἀριθμόςcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἀριθμός: meaning 'number'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
πολύςgreatA1 NSM · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπολύς: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
22
ἦλθες δὲ ἐπὶ θησαυροὺς χιόνος θησαυροὺς δὲ χαλάζης ἑόρακας
And have you come to the storehouses of snow, and have you seen the storehouses of hail,
The speech moves into God’s storehouses of weather, hidden reserves of snow and hail.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἦλθεςyou cameVBI AAI2S · ἔρχομαιverb of relative clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἔρχομαι: meaning 'you came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of relative clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
θησαυροὺςthesaurosN2 APM · θησαυρόςcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsθησαυρός: meaning 'thesauros'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
χιόνοςof snowN3N GSF · χιώνcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsχιών: meaning 'of snow'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
θησαυροὺςthesaurosN2 APM · θησαυρόςcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsθησαυρός: meaning 'thesauros'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χαλάζηςhailN1S GSF · χαλάζαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsχαλάζα: meaning 'hail'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἑόρακαςhave you seenVX XAI2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὁράω: meaning 'have you seen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
23
ἀπόκειται δέ σοι εἰς ὥραν ἐχθρῶν εἰς ἡμέραν πολέμου καὶ μάχης
which are kept in reserve for a time of enemies, for a day of war and battle?
Snow and hail are not random phenomena but resources preserved for appointed judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀπόκειταιἀποV5 PMI3S · κεῖμαι + ἀποfinite verb governing the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsκεῖμαι + ἀπο: meaning 'ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb governing the clause.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὥρανhourN1A ASF · ὥραaccusative element functioning within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὥρα: meaning 'hour'; it serves as accusative element functioning within the clause.
ἐχθρῶνenemyN2 GPM · ἐχθρόςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequence→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as proper name or indeclinable element within the sequence.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
πολέμουwarN2 GSM · πόλεμοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μάχηςbattleN1 GSF · μάχηgenitive element marking relation, possession, source, or description within the phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsμάχη: meaning 'battle'; it serves as genitive element marking relation, possession, source, or description within the phrase.
24
πόθεν δὲ ἐκπορεύεται πάχνη ἢ διασκεδάννυται νότος εἰς τὴν ὑπ' οὐρανόν
From where does frost come forth, or where is the south wind scattered over what is under heaven?
The interrogation keeps circling around forces of weather that remain beyond Job’s command.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πόθενwhere fromD · πόθενinterrogative adverb (source)→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπόθεν: meaning 'where from'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκπορεύεται+ εκV1 PMI3S · πορεύομαι + ἐκmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπορεύομαι + ἐκ: meaning '+ εκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
πάχνηfrostN1 NSF · πάχνηnominative term functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπάχνη: meaning 'frost'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διασκεδάννυταιis scatteredV5 PPI3S · σκεδάζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsσκεδάζω + δια: meaning 'is scattered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νότοςsouth windN2 NSM · νότοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsνότος: meaning 'south wind'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπ'byP · ὑπόpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὑπ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
οὐρανόνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
25
τίς δὲ ἡτοίμασεν ὑετῷ λάβρῳ ῥύσιν ὁδὸν δὲ κυδοιμῶν
Who prepared a course for violent rain, and a way for thunderclaps,
Rain and thunder are given appointed channels and pathways by God alone.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡτοίμασενprepareVAI AAI3S · ἑτοιμάζωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'prepare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ὑετῷrainN2 DSM · ὑετόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὑετός: meaning 'rain'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
λάβρῳviolentA1B DSM · λάβροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsλάβρος: meaning 'violent'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ῥύσινcourseN3I ASF · ῥύσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsῥύσις: meaning 'course'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁδὸνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὁδὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κυδοιμῶνthunderclapsV2 · παπνσμ κυδοιμέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπαπνσμ κυδοιμέω: meaning 'thunderclaps'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
26
τοῦ ὑετίσαι ἐπὶ γῆν οὗ οὐκ ἀνήρ ἔρημον οὗ οὐχ ὑπάρχει ἄνθρωπος ἐν αὐτῇ
to rain upon a land where no man is, a desert where no human being dwells,
God’s providence waters places untouched by human society or usefulness.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑετίσαιto rainVA AAN · ὑετίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὑετίζω: meaning 'to rain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronoun in genitival dependence→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀνήρa manN3 NSM · ἀνήρpredicate nominative in the subordinate clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἀνήρ: meaning 'a man'; it serves as predicate nominative in the subordinate clause.
ἔρημονdesolateN2 ASF · ἔρημοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἔρημος: meaning 'desolate'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronoun in genitival dependence→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ simple negationοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ὑπάρχειthere isV1 PAI3S · ἄρχω + ὑποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἄρχω + ὑπο: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase.
27
τοῦ χορτάσαι ἄβατον καὶ ἀοίκητον καὶ τοῦ ἐκβλαστῆσαι ἔξοδον χλόης
to satisfy trackless and uninhabited ground and to make the shoot of grass spring up?
The wilderness too lies under God’s care and receives life-giving rain.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χορτάσαιto satisfyVA AAN · χορτάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsχορτάζω: meaning 'to satisfy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄβατονinaccessibleA1B ASM · ἄβατοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἄβατος: meaning 'inaccessible'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀοίκητονuninhabitedA1B ASM · ἀοίκητοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἀοίκητος: meaning 'uninhabited'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκβλαστῆσαιto make spring upVA AAN · βλαστάνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsβλαστάνω + ἐκ: meaning 'to make spring up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔξοδονgoing outN2 ASF · ἔξοδοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἔξοδος: meaning 'going out'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
χλόηςgrassN1 GSF · χλόηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsχλόη: meaning 'grass'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
28
τίς ἐστιν ὑετοῦ πατήρ τίς δέ ἐστιν ὁ τετοκὼς βώλους δρόσου
Who is the father of the rain, and who is the one who has begotten the clods of dew?
Rain and dew are treated genealogically: Job cannot father or generate them.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ὑετοῦrainN2 GSM · ὑετόςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὑετός: meaning 'rain'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
πατήρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τετοκὼςhaving begottenVX · χαπνσμ τίκτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsχαπνσμ τίκτω: meaning 'having begotten'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βώλουςclodsN2 APF · βῶλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsβῶλος: meaning 'clods'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δρόσουdewN2 GSF · δρόσοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδρόσος: meaning 'dew'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
29
ἐκ γαστρὸς δὲ τίνος ἐκπορεύεται ὁ κρύσταλλος πάχνην δὲ ἐν οὐρανῷ τίς τέτοκεν
And from whose womb does the ice come forth, and who has begotten the frost in heaven?
The same birth imagery is extended to ice and frost.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γαστρὸςbellyN3 GSF · γαστήρgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsγαστήρ: meaning 'belly'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίνοςwhatRI GSN · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτίνος: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐκπορεύεται+ εκV1 PMI3S · πορεύομαι + ἐκmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπορεύομαι + ἐκ: meaning '+ εκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρύσταλλοςiceN2 NSM · κρυστάλλοςnominative term functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsκρυστάλλος: meaning 'ice'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
πάχνηνfrostN1 ASF · πάχνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπάχνη: meaning 'frost'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
οὐρανῷheavenN2 DSM · οὐρανόςdative complement→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as dative complement.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τέτοκενhas begottenVX XAI3S · τίκτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτίκτω: meaning 'has begotten'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
30
ἣ καταβαίνει ὥσπερ ὕδωρ ῥέον πρόσωπον δὲ ἀβύσσου τίς ἔπηξεν
It descends like flowing water, and who has frozen the face of the deep?
The Lord asks who can harden the surface of the abyss into ice.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἣwhichRR NSF · ὅςPronominal reference→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἣ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καταβαίνειgoes downV1 PAI3S · βαίνω + καταmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, question, or reflection→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsβαίνω + κατα: meaning 'goes down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, question, or reflection.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ὕδωρwaterN3 NSN · ὕδωρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ῥέονflowingV2 · παπνσν ῥέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπαπνσν ῥέω: meaning 'flowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀβύσσουdeep / abyssN2 GSF · ἄβυσσοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἄβυσσος: meaning 'deep'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἔπηξενpitchVAI AAI3S · πήγνυμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπήγνυμι: meaning 'pitch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
31
συνῆκας δὲ δεσμὸν Πλειάδος καὶ φραγμὸν Ὠρίωνος ἤνοιξας
Do you understand the bond of the Pleiad, and have you opened the barrier of Orion?
The questions ascend to the constellations and their invisible bonds.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
συνῆκαςhave you understoodVAI AAI2S · ἵημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἵημι + συν: meaning 'have you understood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεσμὸνbagN2 ASM · δεσμόςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδεσμός: meaning 'bag'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause.
ΠλειάδοςPleiadN3D GSM · Πλειάςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsΠλειάδος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φραγμὸνwall / fenceN2 ASM · φραγμόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsφραγμός: meaning 'wall'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ὨρίωνοςOrionN GSM · Ὠρίωνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὨρίωνος: meaning 'Orion'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤνοιξαςopenVAI AAI2S · οἴγω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
32
ἦ διανοίξεις μαζουρωθ ἐν καιρῷ αὐτοῦ καὶ Ἕσπερον ἐπὶ κόμης αὐτοῦ ἄξεις αὐτά
Will you open Mazzaroth in its season, and lead the Evening Star with its train?
Seasonal stars and celestial processions are beyond human command.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἦsurelyD · ἦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἦ: meaning 'surely'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διανοίξειςwill you openVF FAI2S · οἴγω + δια + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsοἴγω + δια + ἀνα: meaning 'will you open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μαζουρωθMazzarothN ASM · μαζουρωθadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsμαζουρωθ: meaning 'Mazzaroth'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἝσπερονEvening StarN ASM · Ἕσπεροςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἝσπερον: meaning 'Evening Star'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κόμηςhairN1 GSF · κόμηobject of ἐκ (source)→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsκόμη: meaning 'hair'; it serves as object of ἐκ (source).
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἄξειςbring / leadVF FAI2S · ἄγωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἄγω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
αὐτάthemRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argument→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsαὐτά: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal modifier / argument.
33
ἐπίστασαι δὲ τροπὰς οὐρανοῦ ἢ τὰ ὑπ' οὐρανὸν ὁμοθυμαδὸν γινόμενα
Do you know the turnings of heaven, or the things under heaven that come to be together?
Job is asked whether he knows the ordinances and coordinated workings of heaven.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐπίστασαιdo you knowV6 PMI2S · ἐπίσταμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἐπίσταμαι: meaning 'do you know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τροπὰςturningsN1 APF · τροπήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτροπή: meaning 'turnings'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπ'byP · ὑπόpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὑπ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ὁμοθυμαδὸνwith one accordD · ὁμοθυμαδόνparticle or discourse marker shaping the flow of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὁμοθυμαδὸν: meaning 'with one accord'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γινόμεναthings happeningV1 · πμπαπν γίγνομαιparticiple modifying the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπμπαπν γίγνομαι: meaning 'things happening'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause.
34
καλέσεις δὲ νέφος φωνῇ καὶ τρόμῳ ὕδατος λάβρῳ ὑπακούσεταί σου
Will you call a cloud with your voice, and will a torrent of trembling water obey you?
The Lord asks whether Job can summon cloud and storm-water by speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καλέσειςyou callVF FAI2S · καλέωfinite verbal form carrying the clause action or assertion→ future indicativeκαλέω: meaning 'you call'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form carrying the clause action or assertion.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νέφοςcloudN3E ASN · νέφοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsνέφος: meaning 'cloud'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φωνῇvoiceN1 DSF · φωνήdative complement within the clause or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρόμῳtremblingN2 DSM · τρόμοςsubject of ἔλαβεν→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτρόμος: meaning 'trembling'; it serves as subject of ἔλαβεν.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρnominal term functioning as a genitive dependent→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a genitive dependent.
λάβρῳtorrent-likeA1B DSM · λάβροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsλάβρος: meaning 'torrent-like'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑπακούσεταίwill obeyVF FMI3S · ἀκούω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἀκούω + ὑπο: meaning 'will obey'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
35
ἀποστελεῖς δὲ κεραυνοὺς καὶ πορεύσονται ἐροῦσιν δέ σοι τί ἐστιν
Will you send out lightnings, and will they go and say to you, “What is it?”
Lightning is personified as an obedient servant, but not to Job.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀποστελεῖς+ apoVF2 FAI2S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning '+ apo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κεραυνοὺςthunderboltN2 APM · κεραυνόςobject or complement within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsκεραυνός: meaning 'thunderbolt'; it serves as object or complement within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορεύσονταιporeyomaiVF FMI3P · πορεύομαιfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: meaning 'poreyomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
ἐροῦσινsaidVF2 FAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τίwhatRI NSN · τίςnominative or accusative interrogative element within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative or accusative interrogative element within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
36
τίς δὲ ἔδωκεν γυναιξὶν ὑφάσματος σοφίαν ἢ ποικιλτικὴν ἐπιστήμην
And who gave women wisdom in weaving, or embroidered knowledge?
The Lord points to human arts themselves as gifts of bestowed wisdom, not self-originating skill.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
γυναιξὶνwomanN3K DPF · γυνήdative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as dative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means.
ὑφάσματοςweavingN3M GSN · ὕφασμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὕφασμα: meaning 'weaving'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποικιλτικὴνembroideredA1 ASF · ποικιλτικόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsποικιλτικός: meaning 'embroidered'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπιστήμηνknowledgeN1 ASF · ἐπιστήμηaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἐπιστήμη: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
37
τίς δὲ ὁ ἀριθμῶν νέφη σοφίᾳ οὐρανὸν δὲ εἰς γῆν ἔκλινεν
And who is the one who numbers the clouds with wisdom, and who bent heaven down to the earth,
Cloud counting and the bending of heaven remain divine prerogatives.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀριθμῶνcountV2 · παπνσμ ἀριθμέωparticipial verbal form modifying a participant or adding circumstance to the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπαπνσμ ἀριθμέω: meaning 'count'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form modifying a participant or adding circumstance to the clause.
νέφηcloudsN3E APN · νέφοςaccusative element functioning as object, goal, or extent within the proverb→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsνέφος: meaning 'clouds'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, goal, or extent within the proverb.
σοφίᾳwisdomN1A DSF · σοφίαdative complement→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as dative complement.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἔκλινενklinoV1I IAI3S · κλίνωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsκλίνω: meaning 'klino'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
38
κέχυται δὲ ὥσπερ γῆ κονία κεκόλληκα δὲ αὐτὸν ὥσπερ λίθῳ κύβον
when it is poured out like dusty earth and I have glued it together like a stone cube?
The earth’s hardened, compacted form is described as something only God can stabilize.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
κέχυταιhas been poured outVM XMI3S · χέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsχέω: meaning 'has been poured out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
κονίαdustN1A NSF · κονίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsκονία: meaning 'dust'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κεκόλληκαI glued togetherVX XAI1S · κολλάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsκολλάω: meaning 'I glued together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
λίθῳwith stoneN2 DSM · λίθοςdative of material or means→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsλίθος: meaning 'with stone'; it serves as dative of material or means.
κύβονcubeN2 ASM · κύβοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsκύβος: meaning 'cube'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
39
θηρεύσεις δὲ λέουσιν βοράν ψυχὰς δὲ δρακόντων ἐμπλήσεις
Will you hunt prey for lions, and fill the lives of serpents,
The speech turns from cosmic structures to the feeding of wild creatures.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
θηρεύσειςwill you huntVF FAI2S · θηρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsθηρεύω: meaning 'will you hunt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέουσινlionsN3N DPM · λέωνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsλέων: meaning 'lions'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
βοράνpreyN1A ASF · βοράaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsβορά: meaning 'prey'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ψυχὰςpersonN1 APF · ψυχήaccusative object or complement→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsψυχή: meaning 'person'; it serves as accusative object or complement.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δρακόντωνof serpents / dragonsN3 GPM · δράκωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδράκων: meaning 'of serpents'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐμπλήσειςwill you fillVF FAI2S · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'will you fill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
40
δεδοίκασιν γὰρ ἐν κοίταις αὐτῶν κάθηνται δὲ ἐν ὕλαις ἐνεδρεύοντες
for they are afraid in their lairs, and they sit in the woods lying in wait?
The Lord describes the hidden life of predators to ask whether Job provides for them.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δεδοίκασινthey are afraidVX XAI3P · δείδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδείδω: meaning 'they are afraid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κοίταιςbedsN1 DPF · κοίτηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsκοίτη: meaning 'beds'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
κάθηνταιthey sitV5 PMI3P · ἧμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'they sit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὕλαιςwoodsN1 DPF · ὕληdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsὕλη: meaning 'woods'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνεδρεύοντεςπαπνπμ ἐνεδρεύωV1 · παπνπμ ἐνεδρεύωparticipial verbal form characterizing the subject or supplying attendant circumstance→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπαπνπμ ἐνεδρεύω: meaning 'παπνπμ ἐνεδρεύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form characterizing the subject or supplying attendant circumstance.
41
τίς δὲ ἡτοίμασεν κόρακι βοράν νεοσσοὶ γὰρ αὐτοῦ πρὸς κύριον κεκράγασιν πλανώμενοι τὰ σῖτα ζητοῦντες
And who prepared food for the raven? For its young cry out to the Lord, wandering as they seek grain.
The chapter ends with divine provision for the raven’s hungry young, an image of providence reaching beyond human care.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡτοίμασενprepareVAI AAI3S · ἑτοιμάζωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'prepare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
κόρακιravenN3K DSM · κόραξdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsκόραξ: meaning 'raven'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
βοράνfoodN1A ASF · βοράaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsβορά: meaning 'food'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
νεοσσοὶyoung onesN2 NPM · νεοσσόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the saying→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsνεοσσός: meaning 'young ones'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the saying.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
κεκράγασινcry outVX XAI3P · κράζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsκράζω: meaning 'cry out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλανώμενοιplanaoV3 · πμπνπμ πλανάωverbal element advancing the action or state of the clause→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπμπνπμ πλανάω: meaning 'planao'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the action or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῖταbreadN2 APN · σῖτοςaccusative nominal element functioning as object or complement→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsσῖτος: meaning 'bread'; it serves as accusative nominal element functioning as object or complement.
ζητοῦντεςseekingV2 · παπνπμ ζητέωparticipial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsπαπνπμ ζητέω: meaning 'seeking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively.