1
ὑπολαβὼν δὲ Ιωβ λέγει
Then Job answered and said,
The frame marks Job as the speaker and introduces his answer to the friends.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
ὑπολαβὼνsupposeVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ὑποmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ὑπο: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ΙωβJobN NSM · Ιωβnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyΙωβ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ imperfective descriptionλέγω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
2
εἶτα ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἄνθρωποι ἦ μεθ' ὑμῶν τελευτήσει σοφία
So then, you are the men, and wisdom will die with you?
Job opens with sarcasm, mocking the friends as though wisdom belongs to them alone.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
εἶταthenD · εἶταconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyεἶτα: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyὑμεῖς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἐστεisV9 PAI2P · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ imperfective descriptionεἰμί: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
ἄνθρωποιhuman beingN2 NPM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἄνθρωποι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἦsurelyD · ἦconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἦ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyμετά: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyὑμῶν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
τελευτήσειshall dieVF FAI3S · τελευτάωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ future projectionτελευτάω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyσοφία: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
3
κἀμοὶ μὲν καρδία καθ' ὑμᾶς ἐστιν
But I too have a heart like yours.
He immediately denies inferiority by insisting that he possesses a heart no less than theirs.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
κἀμοὶand to me / I tooC+RPDS · καί̈ἐμόςconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκαί̈ἐμός: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
μὲνindeedX · μένconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyμέν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκαρδία: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
καθ'in / duringP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκατά: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyὑμᾶς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ imperfective descriptionεἰμί: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
4
δίκαιος γὰρ ἀνὴρ καὶ ἄμεμπτος ἐγενήθη εἰς χλεύασμα
For a righteous and blameless man has become a laughingstock.
The irony turns into complaint: the blameless man is the one now treated as a joke.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyδίκαιος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyγάρ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἀνὴρ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
καὶandC · καίconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ἄμεμπτοςblamelessA1B NSM · ἄμεμπτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἄμεμπτος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἐγενήθηbecome / happenVCI API3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyγίγνομαι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyεἰς: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
χλεύασμαa laughingstockN3M ASN · χλεύασμαaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyχλεύασμα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
5
εἰς χρόνον γὰρ τακτὸν ἡτοίμαστο πεσεῖν ὑπὸ ἄλλους οἴκους τε αὐτοῦ ἐκπορθεῖσθαι ὑπὸ ἀνόμων
For an appointed time had been prepared for him to fall, and for his houses to be plundered by lawless men beneath others.
Job expands the complaint by describing the prepared collapse and plundering of the righteous sufferer’s house.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyεἰς: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
χρόνονtimeN2 ASM · χρόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyχρόνον: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyγάρ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
τακτὸνappointedA1 ASM · τακτόςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyτακτὸν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἡτοίμαστοhad been preparedVA IMI3S · ἑτοιμάζωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἑτοιμάζω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
πεσεῖνfallVB AAN · πίπτωverbal form complementing or extending the main clause with dependent action→ aoristic eventπίπτω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyὑπό: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ἄλλουςothersRD APM · ἄλλοςpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἄλλους: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
οἴκουςhousesN2 APM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyοἴκους: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
τεandX TEconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyτε: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἐκπορθεῖσθαιto be plunderedV2 PPN · πορθέω + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπορθέω + ἐκ: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyὑπό: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ἀνόμωνlawlessA1B GPM · ἄνομοςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἀνόμων: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
6
οὐ μὴν δὲ ἀλλὰ μηδεὶς πεποιθέτω πονηρὸς ὢν ἀθῷος ἔσεσθαι ὅσοι παροργίζουσιν τὸν κύριον ὡς οὐχὶ καὶ ἔτασις αὐτῶν ἔσται
Yet let no one think, being evil, that he will be innocent, all who provoke the Lord, as though their scrutiny will not also come.
He adds a corrective warning that the wicked should not presume immunity before the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
οὐnotD · οὐconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyοὐ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
μὴνmonthX · μήνconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyμήν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἀλλά: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
μηδεὶςno oneA3P NSM · μηδείςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyμηδεὶς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
πεποιθέτωlet him trustVX XAD3S · πείθωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπείθω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
πονηρὸςevilA1A NSM · πονηρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπονηρὸς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ὢνπαπνσμ εἰμίV9 · παπνσμ εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπαπνσμ εἰμί: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
ἀθῷοςfree / exempt / innocentA1 NSM · ἀθῷοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἀθῷος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἔσεσθαιto beVF FMN · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyεἰμί: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
ὅσοιas many asA1 NPM · ὅσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyὅσοι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
παροργίζουσινprovoke to angerV1 PAI3P · ὀργίζω + παραmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ imperfective descriptionὀργίζω + παρα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyτὸν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκύριον: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyὡς: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
οὐχὶnotD · οὐconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyοὐ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
καὶandD · καίconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ἔτασιςscrutiny / examinationN3I NSF · ἔτασιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἔτασις: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyαὐτῶν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ future projectionεἰμί: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
7
ἀλλὰ δὴ ἐπερώτησον τετράποδα ἐάν σοι εἴπωσιν πετεινὰ δὲ οὐρανοῦ ἐάν σοι ἀπαγγείλωσιν
But indeed ask the beasts, if they might tell you, and the birds of heaven, if they might report to you.
Job shifts from the friends to creation itself as a better teacher of divine reality.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἀλλά: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
δὴnow / indeedX · δήconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyδή: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ἐπερώτησονἐπιVA AAD2S · ἐρωτάω + ἐπιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ aoristic eventἐρωτάω + ἐπι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
τετράποδαbeastsA1B APN · τετράποδοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyτετράποδα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἐάνif / whatever mayC · ἐάνconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἐάν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal dative marking relation, recipient, or reference within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyσοι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
εἴπωσινsayVB AAS3P · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ aoristic eventεἶπον: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
πετεινὰbirdsA1 APN · πετεινόςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπετεινὰ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyοὐρανοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἐάνif / whatever mayC · ἐάνconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἐάν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal dative marking relation, recipient, or reference within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyσοι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἀπαγγείλωσινthey should reportVA AAS3P · ἀγγέλλω + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ aoristic eventἀγγέλλω + ἀπο: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
8
ἐκδιήγησαι δὲ γῇ ἐάν σοι φράσῃ καὶ ἐξηγήσονταί σοι οἱ ἰχθύες τῆς θαλάσσης
Explain it to the earth, if it might declare it to you, and the fish of the sea will recount it to you.
The appeal widens from beasts and birds to earth and sea, making the testimony universal.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐκδιήγησαιset it forthVA AMD2S · ἡγέομαι + ἐκ + διαmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἡγέομαι + ἐκ + δια: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyγῇ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἐάνif / whatever mayC · ἐάνconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἐάν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal dative marking relation, recipient, or reference within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyσοι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
φράσῃmight declareVA AAS3S · φράζωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ aoristic eventφράζω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
καὶandC · καίconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ἐξηγήσονταίwill recountVF FMI3P · ἡγέομαι + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ future projectionἡγέομαι + ἐκ: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal dative marking relation, recipient, or reference within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyσοι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyοἱ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἰχθύεςfishN3U NPM · ἰχθύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἰχθύες: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyτῆς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
θαλάσσηςseaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyθαλάσσης: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
9
τίς οὐκ ἔγνω ἐν πᾶσι τούτοις ὅτι χεὶρ κυρίου ἐποίησεν ταῦτα
Who among all these has not known that the hand of the Lord made these things?
The conclusion is obvious: all creation knows that the Lord’s hand has done this.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyτίς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyοὐ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ἔγνωlearnedVZI AAI3S · γιγνώσκωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ aoristic eventγιγνώσκω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἐν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
πᾶσιallA3 DPM · πᾶςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπᾶσι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
τούτοιςtheseRD DPM · οὗτοςpronominal dative marking relation, recipient, or reference within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyτούτοις: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyὅτι: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
χεὶρhandN3 NSF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyχεὶρ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκυρίου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ aoristic eventποιέω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyταῦτα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
10
εἰ μὴ ἐν χειρὶ αὐτοῦ ψυχὴ πάντων τῶν ζώντων καὶ πνεῦμα παντὸς ἀνθρώπου
Is not the soul of all living things in his hand, and the breath of every human being?
Job grounds the inference in God’s total possession of life and breath.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εἰifC · εἰconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyεἰ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
μὴnotD · μήconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyμή: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἐν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyχειρὶ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ψυχὴsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyψυχὴ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπάντων: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyτῶν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ζώντωνπαπγπμ ζαωV3 · παπγπμ ζάωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπαπγπμ ζάω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
καὶandC · καίconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπνεῦμα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
παντὸςallA3 GSM · πᾶςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπαντὸς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἀνθρώπου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
11
οὖς μὲν γὰρ ῥήματα διακρίνει λάρυγξ δὲ σῖτα γεύεται
For the ear discerns words, and the throat tastes foods.
An analogy from hearing and tasting reinforces the claim that discernment belongs in proper perception.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
οὖςearN3T NSN · οὖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyοὖς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
μὲνindeedX · μένconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyμέν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyγάρ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ῥήματαwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyῥήματα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
διακρίνειdiscernsV1 PAI3S · κρίνω + διαmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ imperfective descriptionκρίνω + δια: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
λάρυγξthroatN3G NSM · λάρυγξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyλάρυγξ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
σῖταbreadN2 APN · σῖτοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyσῖτα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
γεύεταιtastesV1 PMI3S · γεύωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ imperfective descriptionγεύω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
12
ἐν πολλῷ χρόνῳ σοφία ἐν δὲ πολλῷ βίῳ ἐπιστήμη
In great age there is wisdom, and in long life understanding.
Age and long life do carry wisdom, but only as a qualified human reflection of a deeper source.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἐν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
πολλῷmanyA1 DSM · πολύςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπολλῷ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
χρόνῳtimeN2 DSM · χρόνοςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyχρόνῳ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyσοφία: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἐν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
πολλῷmanyA1 DSM · πολύςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπολλῷ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
βίῳpropertyN2 DSM · βίοςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyβίῳ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἐπιστήμηunderstanding / knowledgeN1 NSF · ἐπιστήμηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἐπιστήμη: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
13
παρ' αὐτῷ σοφία καὶ δύναμις αὐτῷ βουλὴ καὶ σύνεσις
With him are wisdom and power; with him are counsel and understanding.
Job states the theological center plainly: wisdom, power, counsel, and understanding belong to God.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
παρ'withP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπαρά: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal dative marking relation, recipient, or reference within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyαὐτῷ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyσοφία: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
καὶandC · καίconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
δύναμιςhostN3I NSF · δύναμιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyδύναμις: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal dative marking relation, recipient, or reference within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyαὐτῷ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
βουλὴcounselN1 NSF · βουλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyβουλὴ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
καὶandC · καίconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
σύνεσιςunderstandingN3I NSF · σύνεσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyσύνεσις: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
14
ἐὰν καταβάλῃ τίς οἰκοδομήσει ἐὰν κλείσῃ κατὰ ἀνθρώπων τίς ἀνοίξει
If he tears down, who will build? If he shuts men in, who will open?
The first pair of examples shows that what God tears down or shuts no human can reverse.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἐάν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
καταβάλῃtears downVB AAS3S · βάλλω + καταmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ aoristic eventβάλλω + κατα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyτίς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
οἰκοδομήσειbuildVF FAI3S · οἰκοδομέωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ future projectionοἰκοδομέω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἐάν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
κλείσῃshutsVA AAS3S · κλείωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ aoristic eventκλείω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκατά: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ἀνθρώπωνman / human beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἀνθρώπων: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyτίς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἀνοίξειwill openVF FAI3S · οἴγω + ἀναmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ future projectionοἴγω + ἀνα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
15
ἐὰν κωλύσῃ τὸ ὥδωρ ξηρανεῖ τὴν γῆν ἐὰν δὲ ἐπαφῇ ἀπώλεσεν αὐτὴν καταστρέψας
If he restrains the water, it will dry up the earth; but if he lets it loose, it destroyed it by overturning.
The same sovereignty extends to the waters, whether withheld in drought or released in devastation.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἐάν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
κωλύσῃrestrainsVA AAS3S · κωλύωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ aoristic eventκωλύω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyτὸ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ὥδωρwaterN3T ASN · ὥδωρaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyὥδωρ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ξηρανεῖwill dry upVF2 FAI3S · ξηραίνωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ future projectionξηραίνω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyτὴν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyγῆν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἐάν: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ἐπαφῇlets looseVH AAS3S · ἀφίημι + ἐπιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ aoristic eventἀφίημι + ἐπι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
ἀπώλεσενdestroyedVAI AAI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ aoristic eventὀλλύω + ἀπο: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyαὐτὴν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
καταστρέψαςoverturningVA · ααπνσμ στρέφω + καταmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyααπνσμ στρέφω + κατα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
16
παρ' αὐτῷ κράτος καὶ ἰσχύς αὐτῷ ἐπιστήμη καὶ σύνεσις
With him are strength and might; with him are knowledge and understanding.
The thesis is restated in slightly different terms before the long catalogue of reversals begins.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
παρ'withP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπαρά: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal dative marking relation, recipient, or reference within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyαὐτῷ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
κράτοςmight / forceN3E NSN · κράτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκράτος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
καὶandC · καίconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ἰσχύςmightN3U NSF · ἰσχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἰσχύς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal dative marking relation, recipient, or reference within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyαὐτῷ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἐπιστήμηunderstanding / knowledgeN1 NSF · ἐπιστήμηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἐπιστήμη: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
καὶandC · καίconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
σύνεσιςunderstandingN3I NSF · σύνεσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyσύνεσις: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
17
διάγων βουλευτὰς αἰχμαλώτους κριτὰς δὲ γῆς ἐξέστησεν
Leading counselors away captive, he has confounded the judges of the earth.
Counselors and judges are stripped and confounded by God’s action.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
διάγωνleading awayV1 · παπνσμ ἄγω + διαmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπαπνσμ ἄγω + δια: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
βουλευτὰςcounselorsN1M APM · βουλευτήςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyβουλευτὰς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
αἰχμαλώτουςcaptivesA1B APM · αἰχμάλωτοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyαἰχμαλώτους: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
κριτὰςjudgeN1M APM · κριτήςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκριτὰς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyγῆς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἐξέστησενconfoundedVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ aoristic eventἵστημι + ἐκ: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
18
καθιζάνων βασιλεῖς ἐπὶ θρόνους καὶ περιέδησεν ζώνῃ ὀσφύας αὐτῶν
Setting kings on thrones, he has also bound their loins with a belt.
Kings too are subject to the same overturning power despite their thrones.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καθιζάνωνsettingV1 · παπνσμ καθιζάνωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπαπνσμ καθιζάνω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
βασιλεῖςkingN3V APM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyβασιλεῖς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἐπί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
θρόνουςθρόνοςN2 APM · θρόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyθρόνους: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
καὶandC · καίconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
περιέδησενhas bound aroundVAI AAI3S · δέω + περιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ aoristic eventδέω + περι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
ζώνῃwith a beltN1 DSF · ζωνήdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyζώνῃ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ὀσφύαςloinsN3 APF · ὀσφύςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyὀσφύας: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal genitive marking possession, relation, or reference within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyαὐτῶν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
19
ἐξαποστέλλων ἱερεῖς αἰχμαλώτους δυνάστας δὲ γῆς κατέστρεψεν
Sending priests away captive, he has overthrown the mighty of the earth.
Priests and mighty men are likewise carried off and overthrown.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ἐξαποστέλλωνsending awayV1 · παπνσμ στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπαπνσμ στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
ἱερεῖςpriestN3V APM · ἱερεύςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἱερεῖς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
αἰχμαλώτουςcaptivesA1B APM · αἰχμάλωτοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyαἰχμαλώτους: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
δυνάσταςmighty manN1M APM · δυνάστηςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyδυνάστας: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyγῆς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
κατέστρεψεν+ kataVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + καταmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ aoristic eventστρέφω + κατα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
20
διαλλάσσων χείλη πιστῶν σύνεσιν δὲ πρεσβυτέρων ἔγνω
Changing the lips of the faithful, he has understood the discernment of elders.
God alters speech and the discernment associated with trusted and aged figures.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
διαλλάσσωνchangingV1 · παπνσμ ἀλλάσσω + διαmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπαπνσμ ἀλλάσσω + δια: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
χείληlipsN3E APN · χεῖλοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyχείλη: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
πιστῶνof faithful menA1 GPM · πιστόςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπιστῶν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
σύνεσινunderstandingN3I ASF · σύνεσιςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyσύνεσιν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
πρεσβυτέρωνpresbyterosA1A GPM · πρεσβύτεροςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπρεσβυτέρων: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἔγνωlearnedVZI AAI3S · γιγνώσκωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ aoristic eventγιγνώσκω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
21
ἐκχέων ἀτιμίαν ἐπ' ἄρχοντας ταπεινοὺς δὲ ἰάσατο
Pouring dishonor upon rulers, he healed the humble.
Rulers are shamed while the humble are tended, continuing the pattern of inversion.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ἐκχέωνpouring outV2 · παπνσμ χέω + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπαπνσμ χέω + ἐκ: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
ἀτιμίανἀτιμίαN1A ASF · ἀτιμίαaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἀτιμίαν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἐπί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ἄρχονταςruler / chiefN3 APM · ἄρχωνaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἄρχοντας: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ταπεινοὺςhumbleA1 APM · ταπεινόςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyταπεινοὺς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ἰάσατοyou will be healedVAI AMI3S · ἰάομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ aoristic eventἰάομαι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
22
ἀνακαλύπτων βαθέα ἐκ σκότους ἐξήγαγεν δὲ εἰς φῶς σκιὰν θανάτου
Uncovering deep things out of darkness, he brought the shadow of death out into light.
Hidden things and the shadow of death itself are exposed to God’s revealing light.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀνακαλύπτωνuncoveringV1 · παπνσμ καλύπτω + ἀναmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπαπνσμ καλύπτω + ἀνα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
βαθέαdeep thingsA3U APN · βαθύςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyβαθέα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἐκ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
σκότουςof darknessN3E GSN · σκότοςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyσκότους: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἐξήγαγενbrought outVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ aoristic eventἄγω + ἐκ: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyεἰς: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyφῶς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
σκιὰνshadowN1A ASF · σκιάaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyσκιὰν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyθανάτου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
23
πλανῶν ἔθνη καὶ ἀπολλύων αὐτά καταστρωννύων ἔθνη καὶ καθοδηγῶν αὐτά
Leading nations astray and destroying them, stretching nations out and guiding them.
God’s rule extends over whole nations, whether leading them astray, destroying them, or guiding them.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πλανῶνdeceitfulV3 · παπνσμ πλανάωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπαπνσμ πλανάω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἔθνη: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
καὶandC · καίconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ἀπολλύωνdestroyingV5 · παπνσμ ὀλλύω + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπαπνσμ ὀλλύω + ἀπο: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
αὐτάthemRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyαὐτά: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
καταστρωννύωνstretching outV1 · παπνσμ στρωννύω + καταmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπαπνσμ στρωννύω + κατα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἔθνη: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
καὶandC · καίconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
καθοδηγῶνguidingV2 · παπνσμ ὁδηγέω + καταmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπαπνσμ ὁδηγέω + κατα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
αὐτάthemRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyαὐτά: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
24
διαλλάσσων καρδίας ἀρχόντων γῆς ἐπλάνησεν δὲ αὐτοὺς ὁδῷ ᾗ οὐκ ᾔδεισαν
Changing the hearts of the rulers of the earth, he led them astray in a way they had not known.
The rulers of the earth lose inner direction when God changes their hearts.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
διαλλάσσωνchangingV1 · παπνσμ ἀλλάσσω + διαmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπαπνσμ ἀλλάσσω + δια: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
καρδίαςheartN1A APF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκαρδίας: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἀρχόντωνof rulersN3 GPM · ἄρχωνgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyἀρχόντων: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyγῆς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ἐπλάνησενled astrayVAI AAI3S · πλανάωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ aoristic eventπλανάω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal accusative functioning as object or complement within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyαὐτοὺς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ὁδῷwayN2 DSF · ὁδόςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyὁδῷ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
ᾗᾗRR DSF · ὅςpronominal dative marking relation, recipient, or reference within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyᾗ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyοὐ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ᾔδεισανthey had knownVXI YAI3P · οἶδαmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyοἶδα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
25
ψηλαφήσαισαν σκότος καὶ μὴ φῶς πλανηθείησαν δὲ ὥσπερ ὁ μεθύων
May they grope darkness and not light, and may they wander like a drunken man.
The chapter closes with a picture of rulers or peoples groping in darkness like drunk wanderers.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ψηλαφήσαισανmay they gropeVA AAO3P · ψηλαφάωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ aoristic eventψηλαφάω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
σκότοςdarknessN3E ASN · σκότοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyσκότος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
καὶandC · καίconnective element linking the clause to its context→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκαί: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
μὴnotD · μήconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyμή: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyφῶς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
πλανηθείησανmay they wander astrayVC APO3P · πλανάωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπλανάω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.
δὲbutX · δέconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyδέ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερconnective, adverbial, or particle element shaping relation or emphasis within the clause→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyὥσπερ: connective or indeclinable element guiding the movement of Job 12's reply and theological reflection.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the local noun phrase→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyὁ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 12's argument about wisdom, creation, and reversal.
μεθύωνbeing drunkV1 · παπνσμ μεθύωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or depiction of divine action→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπαπνσμ μεθύω: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 12's irony, appeal to creation, and survey of divine sovereignty.