Job 2 — Greek, Translation, Interlinear & Discourse

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

ἐγένετο δὲ ὡς ἡ ἡμέρα αὕτη καὶ ἦλθον οἱ ἄγγελοι τοῦ θεοῦ παραστῆναι ἔναντι κυρίου καὶ ὁ διάβολος ἦλθεν ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν παραστῆναι ἐναντίον τοῦ κυρίου

Now it happened on that day that the angels of God came to present themselves before the Lord, and the slanderer came among them to present himself before the Lord.

Scene resetδὲ καὶ

The chapter reopens by repeating the court setting from Job 1 so that the new trial is framed as a deliberate heavenly proceeding.

Word-by-word analysis· 26 words

ἐγένετοhappenedVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipγίγνομαι: verbal form rendered 'happened' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

δὲbut / nowX · δέparticle shaping emphasis, progression, or nuance within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipδέ: helper form rendered 'but / now' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

ὡςwhenC · ὡςconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὡς: helper form rendered 'when' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὁ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'the' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἡμέρα: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'day' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipοὗτος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'this' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipκαί: helper form rendered 'and' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

ἦλθονcameVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαιfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἔρχομαι: verbal form rendered 'came' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὁ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'the' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἄγγελοιangelsN2 NPM · ἄγγελοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἄγγελος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'angels' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὁ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'the' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipθεός: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'God' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

παραστῆναιto present themselvesVH AAN · ἵστημι + παραinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose, result, or complement→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἵστημι + παρα: verbal form rendered 'to present themselves' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἔναντι: helper form rendered 'before' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipκύριος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'Lord' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὁ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'the' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

διάβολοςslandererN2 NSM · διάβολοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipδιάβολος: 'slanderer, accuser'; in Job 2 the figure appears within the divine court as the challenger of Job's integrity.

ἦλθενcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἔρχομαι: verbal form rendered 'came' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἐν: helper form rendered 'in' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipμέσος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'midst' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipαὐτός: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'them' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἐναντίονbeforeP · ἐναντίονpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἐναντίον: helper form rendered 'before' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

καὶ εἶπεν ὁ κύριος τῷ διαβόλῳ πόθεν σὺ ἔρχῃ τότε εἶπεν ὁ διάβολος ἐνώπιον τοῦ κυρίου διαπορευθεὶς τὴν ὑπ' οὐρανὸν καὶ ἐμπεριπατήσας τὴν σύμπασαν πάρειμι

And the Lord said to the slanderer, 'Where are you coming from?' Then the slanderer said before the Lord, 'After going through all that is under heaven and walking about the whole inhabited world, I am here.'

Question-answerκαὶ τότε

The Lord's question invites the slanderer to account for his roaming activity, and the reply stresses unrestricted movement beneath heaven.

Word-by-word analysis· 25 words

εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipεἶπον: verbal form rendered 'said' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipκύριος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'Lord' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

τῷtheRA DSM · ὁdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὁ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'the' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

διαβόλῳslandererN2 DSM · διάβολοςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipδιάβολος: 'slanderer, accuser'; here the Lord addresses the adversarial figure directly in the heavenly court.

πόθενfrom whereD · πόθενadverbial element sharpening time, manner, emphasis, or comparison→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπόθεν: helper form rendered 'from where' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

σὺyouRP NS · σύnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipσύ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'you' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἔρχῃare you comingV1 PMI2S · ἔρχομαιfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἔρχομαι: verbal form rendered 'are you coming' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

τότεthenD · τότεadverbial element sharpening time, manner, emphasis, or comparison→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipτότε: helper form rendered 'then' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἐνώπιον: helper form rendered 'before' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

διαπορευθεὶςhaving gone throughVC · αππνσμ πορεύομαι + διαfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipαππνσμ πορεύομαι + δια: verbal form rendered 'having gone through' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὁ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'the' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ὑπ'underP · ὑπόpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὑπό: helper form rendered 'under' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipοὐρανός: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'heaven' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἐμπεριπατήσαςhaving walked aroundVA · ααπνσμ πατέω + ἐν + περιparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipααπνσμ πατέω + ἐν + περι: verbal form rendered 'having walked around' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

σύμπασανallA1A ASF · σύμπαςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipσύμπας: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'all' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

πάρειμιI am hereV9 PAI1S · εἰμί + παραfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipεἰμί + παρα: verbal form rendered 'I am here' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

εἶπεν δὲ ὁ κύριος πρὸς τὸν διάβολον προσέσχες οὖν τῷ θεράποντί μου Ιωβ ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν κατ' αὐτὸν τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἄνθρωπος ἄκακος ἀληθινός ἄμεμπτος θεοσεβής ἀπεχόμενος ἀπὸ παντὸς κακοῦ ἔτι δὲ ἔχεται ἀκακίας σὺ δὲ εἶπας τὰ ὑπάρχοντα αὐτοῦ διὰ κενῆς ἀπολέσαι

Then the Lord said to the slanderer, 'So have you paid attention to my servant Job? There is no man on the earth like him: innocent, true, blameless, God-fearing, turning away from every evil thing. He still holds fast his innocence, though you told me to destroy what he has for nothing.'

Divine testimonyδὲ οὖν

The Lord repeats Job's exemplary character and sharpens the issue: Job has remained innocent even after an apparently gratuitous attack.

Word-by-word analysis· 44 words

πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπρός: helper form rendered 'to' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὁ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'the' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

διάβολονslandererN2 ASM · διάβολοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipδιάβολος: 'slanderer, accuser'; here the figure is the object of the Lord's renewed challenge concerning Job.

προσέσχεςhave you noticedVBI AAI2S · ἔχω + προςfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἔχω + προς: verbal form rendered 'have you noticed' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

οὖνthenX · οὖνparticle shaping emphasis, progression, or nuance within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipοὖν: helper form rendered 'then' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

θεράποντίservantN3 DSM · θεράπωνdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipθεράπων: 'attendant, servant'; the title marks Job as one who belongs to and serves the Lord.

μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἐγώ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'my' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ΙωβJobN DSM · Ιωβhelper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipΙωβ: proper name rendered 'Job' here within the cast or setting of Job 2.

ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὅτι: helper form rendered 'that' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial element sharpening time, manner, emphasis, or comparison→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipοὐ: helper form rendered 'not' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'there is' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

κατ'likeP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipκατά: helper form rendered 'like' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipαὐτός: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'him' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὁ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'the' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἐπὶonP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἐπί: helper form rendered 'on' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὁ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'the' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

γῆςearthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipγῆ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'earth' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἄνθρωποςmanN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἄνθρωπος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'man' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἄκακοςinnocentA1B NSM · ἄκακοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἄκακος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'innocent' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἀληθινόςtrueA1 NSM · ἀληθινόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἀληθινός: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'true' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἄμεμπτοςblamelessA1B NSM · ἄμεμπτοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἄμεμπτος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'blameless' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

θεοσεβήςgod-fearingA3H NSM · θεοσεβήςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipθεοσεβής: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'god-fearing' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἀπεχόμενοςturning awayV1 · πμπνσμ ἔχω + ἀποparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπμπνσμ ἔχω + ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'turning away' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἀπό: helper form rendered 'from' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

παντὸςeveryA3 GSN · πᾶςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπᾶς: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'every' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

κακοῦevilA1 GSN · κακόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipκακός: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'evil' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial element sharpening time, manner, emphasis, or comparison→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἔτι: helper form rendered 'still' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

ἔχεταιholds fastV1 PMI3S · ἔχωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἔχω: verbal form rendered 'holds fast' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ἀκακίαςinnocenceN1A GSF · ἀκακίαgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἀκακία: 'innocence, guilelessness'; the Lord stresses that Job still clings to this integrity after the first round of loss.

εἶπαςyou saidVAI AAI2S · εἶπονfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipεἶπον: verbal form rendered 'you said' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὁ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'the' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ὑπάρχονταpossessionsV1 · παπαπν ἄρχω + ὑποparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπαπαπν ἄρχω + ὑπο: verbal form rendered 'possessions' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipαὐτός: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'his' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

διὰforP · διάpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipδιά: helper form rendered 'for' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

κενῆςnothingA1 GSF · κενόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipκενός: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'nothing' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἀπολέσαιto destroyVA AAN · ὀλλύω + ἀποinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose, result, or complement→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὀλλύω + ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'to destroy' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ὑπολαβὼν δὲ ὁ διάβολος εἶπεν τῷ κυρίῳ δέρμα ὑπὲρ δέρματος ὅσα ὑπάρχει ἀνθρώπῳ ὑπὲρ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ ἐκτείσει

But the slanderer answered the Lord, 'Skin for skin. Everything a man has he will pay out for his life.'

Counterclaimδὲ

The slanderer shifts the accusation from external loss to bodily pain, arguing that self-preservation governs human loyalty.

Word-by-word analysis· 18 words

ὑπολαβὼνreplyingVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ὑποparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ὑπο: verbal form rendered 'replying' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipκύριος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'Lord' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

δέρμαskinN3M NSN · δέρμαnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipδέρμα: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'skin' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ὑπὲρforP · ὑπέρpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὑπέρ: helper form rendered 'for' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

δέρματοςskinN3M GSN · δέρμαgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipδέρμα: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'skin' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ὅσαall thatA1 APN · ὅσοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὅσος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'all that' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ὑπάρχειhasV1 PAI3S · ἄρχω + ὑποfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἄρχω + ὑπο: verbal form rendered 'has' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ἀνθρώπῳa manN2 DSM · ἄνθρωποςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἄνθρωπος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'a man' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ψυχῆςlifeN1 GSF · ψυχήgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipψυχή: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'life' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἐκτείσειwill pay outVF FAI3S · τίνω + ἐκfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipτίνω + ἐκ: verbal form rendered 'will pay out' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

οὐ μὴν δὲ ἀλλὰ ἀποστείλας τὴν χεῖρά σου ἅψαι τῶν ὀστῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ τῶν σαρκῶν αὐτοῦ εἰ μὴν εἰς πρόσωπόν σε εὐλογήσει

Yet stretch out your hand and touch his bones and his flesh, and surely he will curse you to your face.

Escalationοὐ μὴν δὲ ἀλλά

The proposed test intensifies the challenge by targeting Job's bones and flesh; the final verb uses the conventional euphemism of blessing for hostile speech toward God.

Word-by-word analysis· 22 words

οὐnotD · οὐadverbial element sharpening time, manner, emphasis, or comparison→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipοὐ: helper form rendered 'not' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

μὴνsurelyX · μήνparticle shaping emphasis, progression, or nuance within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipμήν: helper form rendered 'surely' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἀλλά: helper form rendered 'but' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

ἀποστείλαςstretching outVA · ααπνσμ στέλλω + ἀποparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipααπνσμ στέλλω + ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'stretching out' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

χεῖράhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipχείρ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'hand' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipσύ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'your' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἅψαιtouchVA AMD2S · ἅπτομαιimperatival verbal form pressing a command, appeal, or demand→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἅπτομαι: verbal form rendered 'touch' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὁ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'the' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ὀστῶνbonesN2N GPN · ὀστέονgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὀστέον: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'bones' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὁ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'the' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

σαρκῶνfleshN3K GPF · σάρξgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipσάρξ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'flesh' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

εἰifC · εἰconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipεἰ: helper form rendered 'if' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipεἰς: helper form rendered 'to' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

πρόσωπόνfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπρόσωπον: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'face' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipσύ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'you' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

εὐλογήσειwill blessVF FAI3S · εὐλογέωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipεὐλογέω: literally 'will bless'; in Job's trial scenes the verb functions as the traditional euphemism for cursing God to his face.

εἶπεν δὲ ὁ κύριος τῷ διαβόλῳ ἰδοὺ παραδίδωμί σοι αὐτόν μόνον τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ διαφύλαξον

Then the Lord said to the slanderer, 'Behold, I hand him over to you; only spare his life.'

Permissionδὲ ἰδού

Divine permission is real but bounded: Job is handed over to affliction, yet his life remains outside the slanderer's reach.

Word-by-word analysis· 15 words

ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection or discourse marker drawing special attention to the scene→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἰδού: helper form rendered 'behold' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

παραδίδωμίI hand overV8 PAI1S · δίδωμι + παραfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipδίδωμι + παρα: verbal form rendered 'I hand over' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

σοιto youRP DS · σύdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipσύ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'to you' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipαὐτός: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'him' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

μόνονonlyD · μόνονadverbial element sharpening time, manner, emphasis, or comparison→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipμόνον: helper form rendered 'only' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

ψυχὴνlifeN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipψυχή: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'life' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

διαφύλαξονspareVA AAD2S · φυλάσσω + διαimperatival verbal form pressing a command, appeal, or demand→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipφυλάσσω + δια: verbal form rendered 'spare' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ἐξῆλθεν δὲ ὁ διάβολος ἀπὸ τοῦ κυρίου καὶ ἔπαισεν τὸν Ιωβ ἕλκει πονηρῷ ἀπὸ ποδῶν ἕως κεφαλῆς

So the slanderer went out from the Lord and struck Job with a grievous ulcer from his feet to his head.

Executionδὲ καὶ

The narrative moves immediately from permission to attack, making the bodily blow total from foot to head.

Word-by-word analysis· 17 words

ἐξῆλθενwent outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἔρχομαι + ἐκ: verbal form rendered 'went out' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ἔπαισενstruckVAI AAI3S · παίωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπαίω: verbal form rendered 'struck' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ΙωβJobN ASM · Ιωβhelper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipΙωβ: proper name rendered 'Job' here within the cast or setting of Job 2.

ἕλκειwith an ulcerN3E DSN · ἕλκοςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἕλκος: 'ulcer, sore'; the singular names the bodily affliction that now covers Job from foot to head.

πονηρῷgrievousA1A DSN · πονηρόςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπονηρός: 'evil, grievous'; paired with the sore, it marks the affliction as malignant and agonizing.

ποδῶνfeetN3D GPM · πούςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπούς: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'feet' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἕωςas far asP · ἕωςpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἕως: helper form rendered 'as far as' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

κεφαλῆςheadN1 GSF · κεφαλήgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipκεφαλή: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'head' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

καὶ ἔλαβεν ὄστρακον ἵνα τὸν ἰχῶρα ξύῃ καὶ ἐκάθητο ἐπὶ τῆς κοπρίας ἔξω τῆς πόλεως

And he took a potsherd to scrape away the discharge, and he sat on the dung heap outside the city.

Aftermathκαὶ ἵνα

The close-up details of the potsherd, discharge, and ash-heap slow the pace and make Job's suffering concrete and humiliating.

Word-by-word analysis· 15 words

ἔλαβενtookVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipλαμβάνω: verbal form rendered 'took' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ὄστρακονpotsherdN2N ASN · ὄστρακονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὄστρακον: 'potsherd'; the broken shard emphasizes Job's humiliation and the rough physicality of his suffering.

ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἵνα: helper form rendered 'so that' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

ἰχῶραdischargeN3R ASM · ἰχώρaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἰχώρ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'discharge' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ξύῃhe might scrapeV1 PAS3S · ξύωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipξύω: verbal form rendered 'he might scrape' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ἐκάθητοsatV1I IMI3S · ἧμαι + καταfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἧμαι + κατα: verbal form rendered 'sat' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

κοπρίαςdung heapN1A GSF · κοπρίαgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipκοπρία: 'dung heap'; Job's seat outside the city shows both ritual and social degradation.

ἔξωoutsideP · ἔξωpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἔξω: helper form rendered 'outside' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπόλις: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'city' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

χρόνου δὲ πολλοῦ προβεβηκότος εἶπεν αὐτῷ ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ μέχρι τίνος καρτερήσεις λέγων ἰδοὺ ἀναμένω χρόνον ἔτι μικρὸν προσδεχόμενος τὴν ἐλπίδα τῆς σωτηρίας μου ἰδοὺ γὰρ ἠφάνισταί σου τὸ μνημόσυνον ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς υἱοὶ καὶ θυγατέρες ἐμῆς κοιλίας ὠδῖνες καὶ πόνοι οὓς εἰς τὸ κενὸν ἐκοπίασα μετὰ μόχθων σύ τε αὐτὸς ἐν σαπρίᾳ σκωλήκων κάθησαι διανυκτερεύων αἴθριος κἀγὼ πλανῆτις καὶ λάτρις τόπον ἐκ τόπου περιερχομένη καὶ οἰκίαν ἐξ οἰκίας προσδεχομένη τὸν ἥλιον πότε δύσεται ἵνα ἀναπαύσωμαι τῶν μόχθων καὶ τῶν ὀδυνῶν αἵ με νῦν συνέχουσιν ἀλλὰ εἰπόν τι ῥῆμα εἰς κύριον καὶ τελεύτα

After much time had passed, his wife said to him, 'How long will you keep holding on, saying, "Look, I will wait a little longer, still expecting the hope of my deliverance"? For look, your remembrance has been wiped from the earth, along with the sons and daughters of my womb, the birth-pangs and pains for whom I toiled in vain and with hardship. You yourself sit in the rottenness of worms, spending the night in the open air, while I wander and serve from place to place and from house to house, waiting for the sun to go down so that I may rest from the toils and pains that now press me. But say some word against the Lord and die.'

Lament and temptationδὲ γὰρ ἀλλά

The Septuagint gives Job's wife an extended lament in which bereavement, economic ruin, homelessness, and exhaustion collapse into the temptation to renounce God and die.

Word-by-word analysis· 93 words

χρόνουof timeN2 GSM · χρόνοςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipχρόνος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'of time' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

πολλοῦmuchA3U GSM · πολύςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπολύς: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'much' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

προβεβηκότοςhaving passedVX · χαπγσμ βαίνω + προparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipχαπγσμ βαίνω + προ: verbal form rendered 'having passed' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipαὐτός: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'to him' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

γυνὴwifeN3K NSF · γυνήnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipγυνή: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'wife' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

μέχριuntil / how longP · μέχριpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipμέχρι: helper form rendered 'until / how long' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

τίνοςwhatRI GSN · τίςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipτίς: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'what' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

καρτερήσειςwill you endureVF FAI2S · καρτερέωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipκαρτερέω: verbal form rendered 'will you endure' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπαπνσμ λέγω: verbal form rendered 'saying' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ἀναμένωI waitV1 PAI1S · μένω + ἀναfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipμένω + ἀνα: verbal form rendered 'I wait' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

χρόνονtimeN2 ASM · χρόνοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipχρόνος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'time' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

μικρὸνa littleA1A ASM · μικρόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipμικρός: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'a little' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

προσδεχόμενοςawaitingV1 · πμπνσμ δέχομαι + προςparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπμπνσμ δέχομαι + προς: verbal form rendered 'awaiting' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ἐλπίδαhopeN3D ASF · ἐλπίςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἐλπίς: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'hope' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

σωτηρίαςdeliveranceN1A GSF · σωτηρίαgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipσωτηρία: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'deliverance' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

γὰρforX · γάρparticle shaping emphasis, progression, or nuance within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipγάρ: helper form rendered 'for' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

ἠφάνισταίhas vanishedVT XMI3S · ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀναfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἵζω + ἀπο + ἀνα: verbal form rendered 'has vanished' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

τὸtheRA NSN · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὁ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'the' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

μνημόσυνονremembranceN2N NSN · μνημόσυνονnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipμνημόσυνον: 'remembrance, memorial'; Job's wife laments the apparent erasure of the family's name from the earth.

υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipυἱός: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'sons' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

θυγατέρεςdaughtersN3 NPF · θυγάτηρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipθυγάτηρ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'daughters' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἐμῆςmyA1 GSF · ἐμόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἐμός: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'my' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

κοιλίαςwombN1A GSF · κοιλίαgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipκοιλία: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'womb' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ὠδῖνεςbirth-pangsN3 NPF · ὠδίνnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὠδίν: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'birth-pangs' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

πόνοιpainsN2 NPM · πόνοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπόνος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'pains' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

οὓςwhomRR APM · ὅςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὅς: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'whom' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὁ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'the' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

κενὸνvainA1 ASN · κενόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipκενός: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'vain' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἐκοπίασαI laboredVAI AAI1S · κοπιάωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipκοπιάω: verbal form rendered 'I labored' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipμετά: helper form rendered 'with' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

μόχθωνtoilsN2 GPM · μόχθοςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipμόχθος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'toils' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

σύyouRP NS · σύnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipσύ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'you' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

τεandX TEhelper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipτε: helper form rendered 'and' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

αὐτὸςyourselfRD NSM · αὐτόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipαὐτός: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'yourself' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

σαπρίᾳrottennessN1A DSF · σαπρίαdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipσαπρία: 'rottenness, decay'; the dative paints Job's body as a place of decomposition rather than strength.

σκωλήκωνwormsN3K GPM · σκώληξgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipσκώληξ: 'worm'; the image sharpens the horror of Job's physical condition in the Greek lament.

κάθησαιsitV5 PMI2S · ἧμαι + καταfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἧμαι + κατα: verbal form rendered 'sit' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

διανυκτερεύωνspending the nightV1 · παπνσμ νυκτερεύω + διαparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπαπνσμ νυκτερεύω + δια: verbal form rendered 'spending the night' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

αἴθριοςin the open airA1B NSM · αἴθριοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipαἴθριος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'in the open air' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

κἀγὼand IC+RPNS · καί̈ἐγώhelper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipκαί̈ἐγώ: helper form rendered 'and I' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

πλανῆτιςwandererN3D NSF · πλανῆτιςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπλανῆτις: 'female wanderer'; the wife describes herself as socially displaced and without settled security.

λάτριςserving womanN3 NSF · λάτριςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipλάτρις: 'serving woman, drudge'; the term underscores her reduced status and exhausting dependence.

τόπονplaceN2 ASM · τόποςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipτόπος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'place' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἐκ: helper form rendered 'from' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

τόπουplaceN2 GSM · τόποςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipτόπος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'place' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

περιερχομένηgoing aboutV1 · πμπνσφ ἔρχομαι + περιparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπμπνσφ ἔρχομαι + περι: verbal form rendered 'going about' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

οἰκίανhouseN1A ASF · οἰκίαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipοἰκία: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'house' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἐκ: helper form rendered 'from' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

οἰκίαςhouseN1A GSF · οἰκίαgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipοἰκία: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'house' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

προσδεχομένηwaiting forV1 · πμπνσφ δέχομαι + προςparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπμπνσφ δέχομαι + προς: verbal form rendered 'waiting for' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ἥλιονsunN2 ASM · ἥλιοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἥλιος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'sun' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

πότεwhenD · πότεadverbial element sharpening time, manner, emphasis, or comparison→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπότε: helper form rendered 'when' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

δύσεταιwill setVF FMI3S · δύωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipδύω: verbal form rendered 'will set' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ἀναπαύσωμαιI may restVA AMS1S · παύω + ἀναfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπαύω + ἀνα: verbal form rendered 'I may rest' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ὀδυνῶνpainsN1 GPF · ὀδύνηgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὀδύνη: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'pains' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

αἵwhichRR NPF · ὅςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὅς: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'which' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

μεmeRP AS · ἐγώaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἐγώ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'me' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial element sharpening time, manner, emphasis, or comparison→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipνῦν: helper form rendered 'now' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

συνέχουσινpressV1 PAI3P · ἔχω + συνfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἔχω + συν: verbal form rendered 'press' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

εἰπόνspeakVBI AAD2S · εἶπονimperatival verbal form pressing a command, appeal, or demand→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipεἶπον: verbal form rendered 'speak' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

τιsomeRI ASN · τιςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipτις: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'some' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ῥῆμαwordN3M ASN · ῥῆμαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipῥῆμα: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'word' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipκύριος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'Lord' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

τελεύταdieV3 PAD2S · τελευτάωimperatival verbal form pressing a command, appeal, or demand→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipτελευτάω: 'come to an end, die'; the imperative is the wife's final, desperate temptation.

ὁ δὲ ἐμβλέψας εἶπεν αὐτῇ ὥσπερ μία τῶν ἀφρόνων γυναικῶν ἐλάλησας εἰ τὰ ἀγαθὰ ἐδεξάμεθα ἐκ χειρὸς κυρίου τὰ κακὰ οὐχ ὑποίσομεν ἐν πᾶσιν τούτοις τοῖς συμβεβηκόσιν αὐτῷ οὐδὲν ἥμαρτεν Ιωβ τοῖς χείλεσιν ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ

But he looked at her and said, 'You have spoken like one of the foolish women. If we received the good things from the hand of the Lord, shall we not bear the painful things?' In all that had happened to him, Job sinned in nothing with his lips before God.

Rebuke and confessionδὲ εἰ

Job rebukes the speech as foolish and answers with a compact confession: the same divine hand from which good was received must also be acknowledged when painful things come.

Word-by-word analysis· 36 words

ἐμβλέψαςlooking atVA · ααπνσμ βλέπω + ἐνparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipααπνσμ βλέπω + ἐν: verbal form rendered 'looking at' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

αὐτῇherRD DSF · αὐτόςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipαὐτός: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'her' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ὥσπερlikeD · ὥσπερadverbial element sharpening time, manner, emphasis, or comparison→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὥσπερ: helper form rendered 'like' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

μίαoneA1A NSF · εἷςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipεἷς: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'one' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἀφρόνωνfoolishA3N GPF · ἄφρωνgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἄφρων: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'foolish' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

γυναικῶνwomenN3K GPF · γυνήgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipγυνή: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'women' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἐλάλησαςyou spokeVAI AAI2S · λαλέωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipλαλέω: verbal form rendered 'you spoke' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ἀγαθὰgood thingsA1 APN · ἀγαθόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἀγαθός: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'good things' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἐδεξάμεθαwe receivedVAI AMI1P · δέχομαιfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipδέχομαι: verbal form rendered 'we received' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipχείρ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'hand' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

κακὰpainful thingsA1 APN · κακόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipκακός: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'painful things' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial element sharpening time, manner, emphasis, or comparison→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipοὐ: helper form rendered 'not' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

ὑποίσομενshall we bearVF FAI1P · φέρω + ὑποfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipφέρω + ὑπο: 'bear, endure'; Job reframes suffering as something to be carried under God's providence rather than denied.

πᾶσινallA3 DPN · πᾶςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπᾶς: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'all' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

τούτοιςtheseRD DPN · οὗτοςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipοὗτος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'these' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὁ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'the' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

συμβεβηκόσινthings that happenedVX · χαπδπν βαίνω + συνparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipσυμβαίνω: 'to happen, befall'; the perfect participle gathers the whole chain of disasters as events that have overtaken Job.

οὐδὲνnothingA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipοὐδείς: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'nothing' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἥμαρτενsinnedVBI AAI3S · ἁμαρτάνωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἁμαρτάνω: verbal form rendered 'sinned' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ΙωβJobN NSM · Ιωβhelper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipΙωβ: proper name rendered 'Job' here within the cast or setting of Job 2.

χείλεσινlipsN3E DPN · χεῖλοςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipχεῖλος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'lips' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἀκούσαντες δὲ οἱ τρεῖς φίλοι αὐτοῦ τὰ κακὰ πάντα τὰ ἐπελθόντα αὐτῷ παρεγένοντο ἕκαστος ἐκ τῆς ἰδίας χώρας πρὸς αὐτόν Ελιφας ὁ Θαιμανων βασιλεύς Βαλδαδ ὁ Σαυχαίων τύραννος Σωφαρ ὁ Μιναίων βασιλεύς καὶ παρεγένοντο πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁμοθυμαδὸν τοῦ παρακαλέσαι καὶ ἐπισκέψασθαι αὐτόν

When his three friends heard of all the evils that had come upon him, each came to him from his own land: Eliphaz king of Teman, Bildad ruler of the Shuhites, and Zophar king of the Minaeans. They came together to comfort and visit him.

Arrivalδὲ καὶ

The companions enter as formal comforters from their own territories, and the listing of names and titles gives the scene public weight.

Word-by-word analysis· 42 words

ἀκούσαντεςhearingVA · ααπνπμ ἀκούωparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipααπνπμ ἀκούω: verbal form rendered 'hearing' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

τρεῖςthreeA3 NPM · τρεῖςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipτρεῖς: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'three' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

φίλοιfriendsA1 NPM · φίλοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipφίλος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'friends' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπᾶς: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'all' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἐπελθόνταthat came uponVB · ααπαπν ἔρχομαι + ἐπιparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipααπαπν ἔρχομαι + ἐπι: verbal form rendered 'that came upon' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

παρεγένοντοcameVBI AMI3P · γίγνομαι + παραfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipγίγνομαι + παρα: verbal form rendered 'came' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἕκαστος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'each' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἰδίαςhis ownA1A GSF · ἴδιοςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἴδιος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'his own' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

χώραςlandN1A GSF · χώραgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipχώρα: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'land' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ΕλιφαςEliphazN NSM · Ελιφαςhelper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipΕλιφας: proper name rendered 'Eliphaz' here within the cast or setting of Job 2.

ΘαιμανωνTemanN GPM · Θαιμάνhelper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipΘαιμάν: proper name rendered 'Teman' here within the cast or setting of Job 2.

βασιλεύςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipβασιλεύς: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'king' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ΒαλδαδBildadN NSM · Βαλδαδhelper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipΒαλδαδ: proper name rendered 'Bildad' here within the cast or setting of Job 2.

ΣαυχαίωνShuhiteN2 GPM · Σαυχαῖοςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipΣαυχαῖος: proper name rendered 'Shuhite' here within the cast or setting of Job 2.

τύραννοςrulerN2 NSM · τύραννοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipτύραννος: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'ruler' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ΣωφαρZopharN NSM · Σωφαρhelper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipΣωφαρ: proper name rendered 'Zophar' here within the cast or setting of Job 2.

ΜιναίωνMinaeanN2 GPM · Μιναῖοςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipΜιναῖος: proper name rendered 'Minaean' here within the cast or setting of Job 2.

ὁμοθυμαδὸνtogetherD · ὁμοθυμαδόνadverbial element sharpening time, manner, emphasis, or comparison→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὁμοθυμαδόν: helper form rendered 'together' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὁ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'the' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

παρακαλέσαιto comfortVA AAN · καλέω + παραinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose, result, or complement→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπαρακαλέω: 'comfort, encourage'; the friends intend sympathy before they become disputants.

ἐπισκέψασθαιto visitVA AMN · σκέπτομαι + ἐπιinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose, result, or complement→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἐπισκέπτομαι: 'visit, look after'; the infinitive complements the friends' consoling purpose with active care.

ἰδόντες δὲ αὐτὸν πόρρωθεν οὐκ ἐπέγνωσαν καὶ βοήσαντες φωνῇ μεγάλῃ ἔκλαυσαν ῥήξαντες ἕκαστος τὴν ἑαυτοῦ στολὴν καὶ καταπασάμενοι γῆν

When they saw him from afar, they did not recognize him, and they cried out with a loud voice and wept, each tearing his own robe and sprinkling dust.

Recognition and mourningδὲ καὶ

Their failure to recognize Job at once shows the severity of his disfigurement, and their weeping, torn robes, and dust enact communal grief.

Word-by-word analysis· 19 words

ἰδόντεςseeingVB · ααπνπμ ὁράωparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipααπνπμ ὁράω: verbal form rendered 'seeing' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

πόρρωθενfrom afarD · πόρρωθενadverbial element sharpening time, manner, emphasis, or comparison→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπόρρωθεν: helper form rendered 'from afar' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

ἐπέγνωσανrecognizedVZI AAI3P · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: verbal form rendered 'recognized' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

βοήσαντεςcrying outVA · ααπνπμ βοάωparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipααπνπμ βοάω: verbal form rendered 'crying out' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

φωνῇvoiceN1 DSF · φωνήdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipφωνή: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'voice' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

μεγάλῃloudA1 DSF · μέγαςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipμέγας: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'loud' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἔκλαυσανweptVAI AAI3P · κλαίωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipκλαίω: verbal form rendered 'wept' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ῥήξαντεςtearingVA · ααπνπμ ῥήγνυμιparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipααπνπμ ῥήγνυμι: verbal form rendered 'tearing' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἑαυτοῦ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'his own' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

στολὴνrobeN1 ASF · στολήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipστολή: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'robe' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

καταπασάμενοιsprinklingVA · αμπνπμ πάσσω + καταparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipαμπνπμ πάσσω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'sprinkling' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

γῆνdustN1 ASF · γῆaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipγῆ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'dust' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

παρεκάθισαν αὐτῷ ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας καὶ ἑπτὰ νύκτας καὶ οὐδεὶς αὐτῶν ἐλάλησεν ἑώρων γὰρ τὴν πληγὴν δεινὴν οὖσαν καὶ μεγάλην σφόδρα

They sat with him seven days and seven nights, and none of them spoke, for they saw that the affliction was terribly great.

Silent solidarityκαὶ γάρ

The friends' first response is not argument but seven days of silence, because the magnitude of the wound exceeds immediate speech.

Word-by-word analysis· 20 words

παρεκάθισανsat withVAI AAI3P · ἵζω + παρα + καταfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἵζω + παρα + κατα: verbal form rendered 'sat with' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάnumeral functioning within the phrase to mark quantity or count→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἑπτά: helper form rendered 'seven' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἡμέρα: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'days' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

νύκταςnightsN3 APF · νύξaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipνύξ: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'nights' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

οὐδεὶςno oneA3 NSM · οὐδείςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipοὐδείς: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'no one' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

ἐλάλησενspokeVAI AAI3S · λαλέωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipλαλέω: verbal form rendered 'spoke' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

ἑώρωνthey sawV3I IAI3P · ὁράωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipὁράω: verbal form rendered 'they saw' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

πληγὴνafflictionN1 ASF · πληγήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπληγή: 'blow, affliction'; the wound is not only medical but the visible stroke that leaves the friends speechless.

δεινὴνterribleA1 ASF · δεινόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipδεινός: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'terrible' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

οὖσανbeingV9 · παπασφ εἰμίparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπαπασφ εἰμί: verbal form rendered 'being' here as part of Job 2's movement from accusation to affliction, lament, or response.

μεγάληνgreatA1 ASF · μέγαςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipμέγας: nominal or adjectival form rendered 'great' here and contributing to Job 2's scene, characterization, or argument.

σφόδραexceedinglyD · σφόδραadverbial element sharpening time, manner, emphasis, or comparison→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipσφόδρα: helper form rendered 'exceedingly' here and shaping the linkage, emphasis, or flow of Job 2.

The Book of Job, Chapter 2ΙΩΒ Β′

Theme

Translation & textual notes