1
μετὰ τοῦτο ἤνοιξεν Ιωβ τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ
After this Job opened his mouth.
The prose frame yields to Job's first speech: after the silent week, he finally speaks.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
μετὰafterP · μετάpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as time, source, direction, or reference→ curse of birth and longing for deathμετὰ: rendered here as 'after'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathτοῦτο: rendered here as 'this'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἤνοιξενopenedVAI AAI3S · οἴγω + ἀναmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἤνοιξεν: aorist of 'open'; in the idiom 'opened his mouth' it solemnly introduces Job's formal lament.
ΙωβJobN NSM · Ιωβsupporting nominal or helper element functioning according to its local form and phrase relation→ curse of birth and longing for deathΙωβ: rendered here as 'Job'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathτὸ: rendered here as 'the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathστόμα: rendered here as 'mouth'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathαὐτοῦ: rendered here as 'his'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
2
καὶ κατηράσατο τὴν ἡμέραν αὐτοῦ λέγων
And he cursed his day, saying,
This brief line introduces the substance of the lament by naming it as a curse on the day of his birth.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathκαὶ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
κατηράσατοcursedVAI AMI3S · ἀράομαι + καταmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathκατηράσατο: middle verb 'cursed,' describing Job's deliberate act of pronouncing a curse on his own birth-day.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathτὴν: rendered here as 'the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἡμέραν: rendered here as 'day'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathαὐτοῦ: rendered here as 'his'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the main verbal idea→ curse of birth and longing for deathλέγων: rendered here as 'saying'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
3
ἀπόλοιτο ἡ ἡμέρα ἐν ᾗ ἐγεννήθην καὶ ἡ νύξ ἐν ᾗ εἶπαν ἰδοὺ ἄρσεν
Let the day perish on which I was born, and the night in which they said, 'Look, a male child!'
Job's opening imprecation targets both the day of birth and the night of announcement, undoing his own arrival in the world.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἀπόλοιτοlet perishVB AMO3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἀπόλοιτο: optative wish-form meaning 'let ... perish,' a classic vehicle of imprecation.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathἡ: rendered here as 'the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathἡμέρα: rendered here as 'day'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as time, source, direction, or reference→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐν: rendered here as 'in'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ᾗwhichRR DSF · ὅςdative element marking sphere, reference, means, recipient, or location→ curse of birth and longing for deathᾗ: rendered here as 'which'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐγεννήθηνI was bornVCI API1S · γεννάωmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐγεννήθην: rendered here as 'I was born'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathκαὶ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathἡ: rendered here as 'the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
νύξnightN3 NSF · νύξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathνύξ: rendered here as 'night'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as time, source, direction, or reference→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐν: rendered here as 'in'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ᾗwhichRR DSF · ὅςdative element marking sphere, reference, means, recipient, or location→ curse of birth and longing for deathᾗ: rendered here as 'which'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathεἶπαν: rendered here as 'they said'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἰδοὺlookI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathἰδοὺ: rendered here as 'look'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἄρσενmale childA3 NSN · ἄρσηνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathἄρσεν: rendered here as 'male child'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
4
ἡ ἡμέρα ἐκείνη εἴη σκότος καὶ μὴ ἀναζητήσαι αὐτὴν ὁ κύριος ἄνωθεν μηδὲ ἔλθοι εἰς αὐτὴν φέγγος
Let that day be darkness; may the Lord above not seek it out, nor let light come upon it.
The curse deepens: Job asks that the day be reclaimed by primordial darkness and omitted from divine regard.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathἡ: rendered here as 'the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathἡμέρα: rendered here as 'day'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐκείνηthatRD NSF · ἐκεῖνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐκείνη: rendered here as 'that'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
εἴηlet beV9 PAO3S · εἰμίmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathεἴη: rendered here as 'let be'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
σκότοςdarknessN3E ASN · σκότοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathσκότος: rendered here as 'darkness'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathκαὶ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathμὴ: rendered here as 'not'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἀναζητήσαιlet seek outVA AAO3S · ζητέω + ἀναmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἀναζητήσαι: rendered here as 'let seek out'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathαὐτὴν: rendered here as 'it'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathὁ: rendered here as 'the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἄνωθενfrom aboveD · ἄνωθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathἄνωθεν: rendered here as 'from above'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathμηδὲ: rendered here as 'nor'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἔλθοιlet comeVB AAO3S · ἔρχομαιmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἔλθοι: rendered here as 'let come'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
εἰςuponP · εἰςpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as time, source, direction, or reference→ curse of birth and longing for deathεἰς: rendered here as 'upon'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathαὐτὴν: rendered here as 'it'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
φέγγοςlightN3E NSN · φέγγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathφέγγος: rendered here as 'light'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
5
ἐκλάβοι δὲ αὐτὴν σκότος καὶ σκιὰ θανάτου ἐπέλθοι ἐπ' αὐτὴν γνόφος
Let darkness take it, and the shadow of death; let gloom come upon it.
Darkness, death-shadow, and thick gloom are piled up to swallow the day completely.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐκλάβοιlet seizeVB AAO3S · λαμβάνω + ἐκmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐκλάβοι: rendered here as 'let seize'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
δὲandX · δέconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathδὲ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathαὐτὴν: rendered here as 'it'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
σκότοςdarknessN3E NSN · σκότοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathσκότος: rendered here as 'darkness'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathκαὶ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
σκιὰshadowN1A NSF · σκιάnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathσκιὰ: rendered here as 'shadow'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathθανάτου: rendered here as 'death'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐπέλθοιlet come uponVB AAO3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐπιmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐπέλθοι: rendered here as 'let come upon'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as time, source, direction, or reference→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐπ': rendered here as 'upon'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathαὐτὴν: rendered here as 'it'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
γνόφοςgloomN2 NSM · γνόφοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathγνόφος: rendered here as 'gloom'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
6
καταραθείη ἡ ἡμέρα καὶ ἡ νὺξ ἐκείνη ἀπενέγκαιτο αὐτὴν σκότος μὴ εἴη εἰς ἡμέρας ἐνιαυτοῦ μηδὲ ἀριθμηθείη εἰς ἡμέρας μηνῶν
Let that day and that night be accursed; let darkness carry it away; let it not be among the days of the year or numbered among the days of the months.
The wish now embraces both day and night and asks that they be removed from the calendar itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καταραθείηlet be cursedVC APO3S · ἀράομαι + καταmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathκαταραθείη: rendered here as 'let be cursed'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathἡ: rendered here as 'the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathἡμέρα: rendered here as 'day'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathκαὶ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathἡ: rendered here as 'the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
νὺξnightN3 NSF · νύξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathνὺξ: rendered here as 'night'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐκείνηthatRD NSF · ἐκεῖνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐκείνη: rendered here as 'that'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἀπενέγκαιτοlet carry awayVA AMO3S · φέρω + ἀποmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἀπενέγκαιτο: rendered here as 'let carry away'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathαὐτὴν: rendered here as 'it'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
σκότοςdarknessN3E NSN · σκότοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathσκότος: rendered here as 'darkness'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathμὴ: rendered here as 'not'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
εἴηlet beV9 PAO3S · εἰμίmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathεἴη: rendered here as 'let be'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
εἰςuponP · εἰςpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as time, source, direction, or reference→ curse of birth and longing for deathεἰς: rendered here as 'upon'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἡμέρας: rendered here as 'days'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐνιαυτοῦof the yearN2 GSM · ἐνιαυτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐνιαυτοῦ: rendered here as 'of the year'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathμηδὲ: rendered here as 'nor'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἀριθμηθείηlet be numberedVC APO3S · ἀριθμέωmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἀριθμηθείη: rendered here as 'let be numbered'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
εἰςuponP · εἰςpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as time, source, direction, or reference→ curse of birth and longing for deathεἰς: rendered here as 'upon'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἡμέρας: rendered here as 'days'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μηνῶνof monthsN3 GPM · μήνgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathμηνῶν: rendered here as 'of months'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
7
ἀλλὰ ἡ νὺξ ἐκείνη εἴη ὀδύνη καὶ μὴ ἔλθοι ἐπ' αὐτὴν εὐφροσύνη μηδὲ χαρμονή
Instead, let that night be pain; let no gladness or rejoicing come upon it.
Job restates the curse on the night positively: let it yield pain rather than festal joy.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἀλλὰinsteadC · ἀλλάconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathἀλλὰ: rendered here as 'instead'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathἡ: rendered here as 'the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
νὺξnightN3 NSF · νύξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathνὺξ: rendered here as 'night'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐκείνηthatRD NSF · ἐκεῖνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐκείνη: rendered here as 'that'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
εἴηlet beV9 PAO3S · εἰμίmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathεἴη: rendered here as 'let be'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ὀδύνηpainN1 NSF · ὀδύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathὀδύνη: rendered here as 'pain'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathκαὶ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathμὴ: rendered here as 'not'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἔλθοιlet comeVB AAO3S · ἔρχομαιmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἔλθοι: rendered here as 'let come'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as time, source, direction, or reference→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐπ': rendered here as 'upon'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathαὐτὴν: rendered here as 'it'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
εὐφροσύνηgladnessN1 NSF · εὐφροσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathεὐφροσύνη: rendered here as 'gladness'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathμηδὲ: rendered here as 'nor'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
χαρμονήrejoicingN1 NSF · χαρμονήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathχαρμονή: rendered here as 'rejoicing'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
8
ἀλλὰ καταράσαιτο αὐτὴν ὁ καταρώμενος τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην ὁ μέλλων τὸ μέγα κῆτος χειρώσασθαι
Let the one who curses that day curse it, the one ready to subdue the great sea-beast.
He calls on professional cursers, even mythic monster-subduers, to ratify the obliteration of that day.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἀλλὰinsteadC · ἀλλάconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathἀλλὰ: rendered here as 'instead'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
καταράσαιτοlet curseVA AMO3S · ἀράομαι + καταmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathκαταράσαιτο: rendered here as 'let curse'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathαὐτὴν: rendered here as 'it'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathὁ: rendered here as 'the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
καταρώμενοςone cursingV3 · πμπνσμ καταράομαιparticiple modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the main verbal idea→ curse of birth and longing for deathκαταρώμενος: rendered here as 'one cursing'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathτὴν: rendered here as 'the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἡμέραν: rendered here as 'day'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐκείνηνthatRD ASF · ἐκεῖνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐκείνην: rendered here as 'that'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathὁ: rendered here as 'the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μέλλωνbeing readyV1 · παπνσμ μέλλωparticiple modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the main verbal idea→ curse of birth and longing for deathμέλλων: rendered here as 'being ready'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathτὸ: rendered here as 'the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μέγαgreatA1P ASN · μέγαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathμέγα: rendered here as 'great'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
κῆτοςsea-beastN3E ASN · κῆτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathκῆτος: 'sea-beast' or 'monster'; the word evokes mythic chaos imagery in the curser's invocation.
χειρώσασθαιto subdueVA AMN · χειρόομαιmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathχειρώσασθαι: rendered here as 'to subdue'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
9
σκοτωθείη τὰ ἄστρα τῆς νυκτὸς ἐκείνης ὑπομείναι καὶ εἰς φωτισμὸν μὴ ἔλθοι καὶ μὴ ἴδοι ἑωσφόρον ἀνατέλλοντα
Let the stars of that night be darkened; let it wait for light and not receive it, and let it not see the morning star rising.
The night is denied its stars, its expected dawn, and even the sight of the morning star.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
σκοτωθείηlet be darkenedVC APO3S · σκοτόωmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathσκοτωθείη: rendered here as 'let be darkened'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathτὰ: rendered here as 'the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἄστραstarsN2N NPN · ἄστρονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathἄστρα: rendered here as 'stars'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathτῆς: rendered here as 'of the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
νυκτὸςnightN3 GSF · νύξgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathνυκτὸς: rendered here as 'night'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐκείνηςthatRD GSF · ἐκεῖνοςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐκείνης: rendered here as 'that'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ὑπομείναιlet wait forVA AAO3S · μένω + ὑποmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathὑπομείναι: rendered here as 'let wait for'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
καὶandD · καίconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathκαὶ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
εἰςuponP · εἰςpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as time, source, direction, or reference→ curse of birth and longing for deathεἰς: rendered here as 'upon'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
φωτισμὸνlightN2 ASM · φωτισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathφωτισμὸν: rendered here as 'light'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathμὴ: rendered here as 'not'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἔλθοιlet comeVB AAO3S · ἔρχομαιmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἔλθοι: rendered here as 'let come'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathκαὶ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathμὴ: rendered here as 'not'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἴδοιlet seeVB AAO3S · ὁράωmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἴδοι: rendered here as 'let see'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἑωσφόρονmorning starN2 ASM · ἑωσφόροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἑωσφόρον: 'morning star,' the dawn-bringer that Job asks the cursed night never to see.
ἀνατέλλονταrisingV1 · παπασμ τέλλω + ἀναparticiple modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the main verbal idea→ curse of birth and longing for deathἀνατέλλοντα: rendered here as 'rising'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
10
ὅτι οὐ συνέκλεισεν πύλας γαστρὸς μητρός μου ἀπήλλαξεν γὰρ ἂν πόνον ἀπὸ ὀφθαλμῶν μου
Because it did not shut the doors of my mother's womb; for it would then have hidden pain from my eyes.
Job explains the curse: the night failed to prevent his birth and so failed to spare him suffering.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathὅτι: rendered here as 'because'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathοὐ: rendered here as 'not'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
συνέκλεισενit shutVAI AAI3S · κλείω + συνmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathσυνέκλεισεν: compound aorist 'shut in / enclosed'; in this chapter it appears both of the womb's doors and of God enclosing the sufferer.
πύλαςdoorsN1 APF · πύληaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathπύλας: 'gates' or 'doors'; metaphorically, the openings of the womb.
γαστρὸςof wombN3 GSF · γαστήρgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathγαστρὸς: rendered here as 'of womb'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μητρόςof motherN3 GSF · μήτηρgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathμητρός: rendered here as 'of mother'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathμου: rendered here as 'my'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἀπήλλαξενit removedVAI AAI3S · ἀλλάσσω + ἀποmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἀπήλλαξεν: rendered here as 'it removed'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathγὰρ: rendered here as 'for'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἂνwouldX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathἂν: rendered here as 'would'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
πόνονpainN2 ASM · πόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathπόνον: rendered here as 'pain'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as time, source, direction, or reference→ curse of birth and longing for deathἀπὸ: rendered here as 'from'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ὀφθαλμῶνeyesN2 GPM · ὀφθαλμόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathὀφθαλμῶν: rendered here as 'eyes'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathμου: rendered here as 'my'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
11
διὰ τί γὰρ ἐν κοιλίᾳ οὐκ ἐτελεύτησα ἐκ γαστρὸς δὲ ἐξῆλθον καὶ οὐκ εὐθὺς ἀπωλόμην
Why did I not die in the womb? Why did I not perish when I came out from the belly?
The lament turns from cursing the day to asking why death did not overtake him in the womb or at delivery.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
διὰwhyP · διάpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as time, source, direction, or reference→ curse of birth and longing for deathδιὰ: rendered here as 'why'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
τίwhyRI ASN · τίςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathτί: rendered here as 'why'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathγὰρ: rendered here as 'for'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as time, source, direction, or reference→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐν: rendered here as 'in'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
κοιλίᾳin the wombN1A DSF · κοιλίαdative element marking sphere, reference, means, recipient, or location→ curse of birth and longing for deathκοιλίᾳ: rendered here as 'in the womb'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathοὐκ: rendered here as 'not'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐτελεύτησαdid I dieVAI AAI1S · τελευτάωmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐτελεύτησα: rendered here as 'did I die'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as time, source, direction, or reference→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐκ: rendered here as 'from'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
γαστρὸςof wombN3 GSF · γαστήρgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathγαστρὸς: rendered here as 'of womb'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
δὲandX · δέconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathδὲ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐξῆλθονI came outVBI AAI1S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐξῆλθον: rendered here as 'I came out'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
καὶandD · καίconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathκαὶ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathοὐκ: rendered here as 'not'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
εὐθὺςimmediatelyD · εὐθύςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathεὐθὺς: rendered here as 'immediately'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἀπωλόμηνdid I perishVBI AMI1S · ὀλλύω + ἀποmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἀπωλόμην: rendered here as 'did I perish'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
12
ἵνα τί δὲ συνήντησάν μοι γόνατα ἵνα τί δὲ μαστοὺς ἐθήλασα
Why did knees receive me? Why did I suck at breasts?
He presses the complaint backward into nurture itself, questioning the reception and feeding that preserved his life.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἵναwhyC · ἵναconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathἵνα: rendered here as 'why'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
τίwhyRI ASN · τίςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathτί: rendered here as 'why'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
δὲandX · δέconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathδὲ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
συνήντησάνdid receiveVAI AAI3P · ἀντάω + συνmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathσυνήντησάν: rendered here as 'did receive'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μοιmeRP DS · ἐγώdative element marking sphere, reference, means, recipient, or location→ curse of birth and longing for deathμοι: rendered here as 'me'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
γόναταkneesN3 NPN · γόνυnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathγόνατα: rendered here as 'knees'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἵναwhyC · ἵναconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathἵνα: rendered here as 'why'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
τίwhyRI ASN · τίςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathτί: rendered here as 'why'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
δὲandX · δέconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathδὲ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μαστοὺςbreastsN2 APM · μαστόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathμαστοὺς: rendered here as 'breasts'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐθήλασαdid I suckVSI AAI1S · θηλάζωmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐθήλασα: rendered here as 'did I suck'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
13
νῦν ἂν κοιμηθεὶς ἡσύχασα ὑπνώσας δὲ ἀνεπαυσάμην
For now I would have lain down and been quiet; I would have slept and been at rest
Job imagines the stillness he would already possess if he had died at birth.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathνῦν: rendered here as 'now'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἂνwouldX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathἂν: rendered here as 'would'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
κοιμηθεὶςhaving lain downVC · αππνσμ κοιμάωparticiple modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the main verbal idea→ curse of birth and longing for deathκοιμηθεὶς: rendered here as 'having lain down'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἡσύχασαI would be quietVA AAI1S · ἡσυχάζωmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἡσύχασα: rendered here as 'I would be quiet'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ὑπνώσαςhaving sleptVA · ααπνσμ ὑπνόωmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathὑπνώσας: rendered here as 'having slept'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
δὲandX · δέconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathδὲ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἀνεπαυσάμηνI would have restedVAI AMI1S · παύω + ἀναmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἀνεπαυσάμην: rendered here as 'I would have rested'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
14
μετὰ βασιλέων βουλευτῶν γῆς οἳ ἠγαυριῶντο ἐπὶ ξίφεσιν
with kings and counselors of the earth, who used to pride themselves on swords,
That imagined rest would place him among earth's powerful dead, whose worldly boasts are now emptied.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
μετὰafterP · μετάpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as time, source, direction, or reference→ curse of birth and longing for deathμετὰ: rendered here as 'after'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
βασιλέωνof kingsN3V GPM · βασιλεύςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathβασιλέων: rendered here as 'of kings'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
βουλευτῶνof counselorsN1M GPM · βουλευτήςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathβουλευτῶν: rendered here as 'of counselors'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
γῆςof earthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathγῆς: rendered here as 'of earth'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
οἳwhoRR NPM · ὅςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathοἳ: rendered here as 'who'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἠγαυριῶντοused to pride themselvesV3I IMI3P · ἀγαυριάωmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἠγαυριῶντο: imperfect middle, 'were proud' or 'boasted'; the line exposes earthly military self-importance as transient.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as time, source, direction, or reference→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐπὶ: rendered here as 'over'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ξίφεσινswordsN3E DPN · ξίφοςdative element marking sphere, reference, means, recipient, or location→ curse of birth and longing for deathξίφεσιν: rendered here as 'swords'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
15
ἢ μετὰ ἀρχόντων ὧν πολὺς ὁ χρυσός οἳ ἔπλησαν τοὺς οἴκους αὐτῶν ἀργυρίου
or with rulers whose gold was abundant, who filled their houses with silver.
A second picture of the elite dead underscores how wealth and status cannot prevent descent to the grave.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἢorC · ἤconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathἢ: rendered here as 'or'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μετὰafterP · μετάpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as time, source, direction, or reference→ curse of birth and longing for deathμετὰ: rendered here as 'after'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἀρχόντωνof rulersN3 GPM · ἄρχωνgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathἀρχόντων: rendered here as 'of rulers'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ὧνwhoseRR GPM · ὅςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathὧν: rendered here as 'whose'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
πολὺςabundantA3U NSM · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathπολὺς: rendered here as 'abundant'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathὁ: rendered here as 'the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
χρυσόςgoldN2 NSM · χρυσόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathχρυσός: rendered here as 'gold'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
οἳwhoRR NPM · ὅςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathοἳ: rendered here as 'who'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἔπλησανfilledVAI AAI3P · πίμπλημιmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἔπλησαν: rendered here as 'filled'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathτοὺς: rendered here as 'the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
οἴκουςhousesN2 APM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathοἴκους: rendered here as 'houses'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathαὐτῶν: rendered here as 'their'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἀργυρίουwith silverN2N GSN · ἀργύριονgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathἀργυρίου: rendered here as 'with silver'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
16
ἢ ὥσπερ ἔκτρωμα ἐκπορευόμενον ἐκ μήτρας μητρὸς ἢ ὥσπερ νήπιοι οἳ οὐκ εἶδον φῶς
or like a miscarriage coming forth from a mother's womb, or like infants who never saw light.
Job finally imagines nonexistence in more fragile terms: a miscarriage or infants who never entered conscious life.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἢorC · ἤconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathἢ: rendered here as 'or'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ὥσπερlikeD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathὥσπερ: rendered here as 'like'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἔκτρωμαmiscarriageN3M NSN · ἔκτρωμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathἔκτρωμα: 'miscarriage' or 'stillborn child,' one of Job's starkest images for wished-for nonexistence.
ἐκπορευόμενονcoming forthV1 · πμπνσμ πορεύομαι + ἐκparticiple modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the main verbal idea→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐκπορευόμενον: rendered here as 'coming forth'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as time, source, direction, or reference→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐκ: rendered here as 'from'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μήτραςof wombN1A GSF · μήτραgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathμήτρας: rendered here as 'of womb'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μητρὸςof motherN3 GSF · μήτηρgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathμητρὸς: rendered here as 'of mother'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἢorC · ἤconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathἢ: rendered here as 'or'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ὥσπερlikeD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathὥσπερ: rendered here as 'like'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
νήπιοιinfantsA1 NPM · νήπιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathνήπιοι: rendered here as 'infants'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
οἳwhoRR NPM · ὅςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathοἳ: rendered here as 'who'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathοὐκ: rendered here as 'not'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
εἶδονsawVBI AAI3P · ὁράωmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathεἶδον: rendered here as 'saw'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathφῶς: rendered here as 'light'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
17
ἐκεῖ ἀσεβεῖς ἐξέκαυσαν θυμὸν ὀργῆς ἐκεῖ ἀνεπαύσαντο κατάκοποι τῷ σώματι
There the ungodly burned out the heat of wrath; there those worn out in body found rest.
The scene shifts to what Sheol is like: rage is spent there, and exhausted bodies are at rest.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐκεῖ: rendered here as 'there'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἀσεβεῖςungodlyA3H NPM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathἀσεβεῖς: rendered here as 'ungodly'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐξέκαυσανburned outVAI AAI3P · καίω + ἐκmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐξέκαυσαν: compound aorist, literally 'burned out'; the phrase pictures wrath as spent and exhausted in death.
θυμὸνheatN2 ASM · θυμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathθυμὸν: rendered here as 'heat'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ὀργῆςof wrathN1 GSF · ὀργήgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathὀργῆς: rendered here as 'of wrath'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐκεῖ: rendered here as 'there'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἀνεπαύσαντοfound restVAI AMI3P · παύω + ἀναmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἀνεπαύσαντο: rendered here as 'found rest'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
κατάκοποιworn outA1B NPM · κατάκοποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathκατάκοποι: rendered here as 'worn out'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁdative element marking sphere, reference, means, recipient, or location→ curse of birth and longing for deathτῷ: rendered here as 'the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
σώματιbodyN3M DSN · σῶμαdative element marking sphere, reference, means, recipient, or location→ curse of birth and longing for deathσώματι: rendered here as 'body'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
18
ὁμοθυμαδὸν δὲ οἱ αἰώνιοι οὐκ ἤκουσαν φωνὴν φορολόγου
And there together the long-dead did not hear the voice of the tax-collector.
In death the oppressive public voice of exaction and administration can no longer be heard.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ὁμοθυμαδὸνtogetherD · ὁμοθυμαδόνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathὁμοθυμαδὸν: rendered here as 'together'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
δὲandX · δέconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathδὲ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathοἱ: rendered here as 'the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
αἰώνιοιlong-deadA1B NPM · αἰώνιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathαἰώνιοι: literally 'lasting' or 'long-enduring'; here it most naturally refers to those long in death, the long-dead.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathοὐκ: rendered here as 'not'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἤκουσανheardVAI AAI3P · ἀκούωmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἤκουσαν: rendered here as 'heard'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathφωνὴν: rendered here as 'voice'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
φορολόγουof the tax-collectorN2 GSM · φορολόγοςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathφορολόγου: 'tax-collector' or tribute-exactor; the image sharpens the social relief Job associates with death.
19
μικρὸς καὶ μέγας ἐκεῖ ἐστιν καὶ θεράπων οὐ δεδοικὼς τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ
The small and the great are there alike, and the servant no longer fears his master.
Job summarizes the grave as the one place where rank disappears and servitude ends.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μικρὸςsmallA1A NSM · μικρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathμικρὸς: rendered here as 'small'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathκαὶ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μέγαςgreatA1P NSM · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathμέγας: rendered here as 'great'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐκεῖ: rendered here as 'there'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐστιν: rendered here as 'is'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathκαὶ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
θεράπωνservantN3 NSM · θεράπωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathθεράπων: 'servant' or attendant; the grave abolishes the fear relationship between servant and master.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathοὐ: rendered here as 'not'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
δεδοικὼςfearingVX · χαπνσμ δείδωparticiple modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the main verbal idea→ curse of birth and longing for deathδεδοικὼς: rendered here as 'fearing'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathτὸν: rendered here as 'the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
κύριονmasterN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathκύριον: rendered here as 'master'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathαὐτοῦ: rendered here as 'his'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
20
ἵνα τί γὰρ δέδοται τοῖς ἐν πικρίᾳ φῶς ζωὴ δὲ ταῖς ἐν ὀδύναις ψυχαῖς
Why then is light given to those in bitterness, and life to souls in pain,
The argument returns to the present with a protest against life itself being granted to the bitter and anguished.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἵναwhyC · ἵναconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathἵνα: rendered here as 'why'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
τίwhyRI ASN · τίςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathτί: rendered here as 'why'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathγὰρ: rendered here as 'for'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
δέδοταιis givenVM XMI3S · δίδωμιmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathδέδοται: rendered here as 'is given'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
τοῖςto thoseRA DPM · ὁdative element marking sphere, reference, means, recipient, or location→ curse of birth and longing for deathτοῖς: rendered here as 'to those'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as time, source, direction, or reference→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐν: rendered here as 'in'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
πικρίᾳbitternessN1A DSF · πικρίαdative element marking sphere, reference, means, recipient, or location→ curse of birth and longing for deathπικρίᾳ: rendered here as 'bitterness'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
φῶςlightN3T NSN · φῶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathφῶς: rendered here as 'light'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ζωὴlifeN1 NSF · ζωήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathζωὴ: rendered here as 'life'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
δὲandX · δέconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathδὲ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ταῖςto theRA DPF · ὁdative element marking sphere, reference, means, recipient, or location→ curse of birth and longing for deathταῖς: rendered here as 'to the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as time, source, direction, or reference→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐν: rendered here as 'in'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ὀδύναιςpainsN1 DPF · ὀδύνηdative element marking sphere, reference, means, recipient, or location→ curse of birth and longing for deathὀδύναις: rendered here as 'pains'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ψυχαῖςsoulsN1 DPF · ψυχήdative element marking sphere, reference, means, recipient, or location→ curse of birth and longing for deathψυχαῖς: rendered here as 'souls'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
21
οἳ ὁμείρονται τοῦ θανάτου καὶ οὐ τυγχάνουσιν ἀνορύσσοντες ὥσπερ θησαυρούς
who long for death and do not obtain it, digging for it as for treasures,
Those sufferers are defined as people who mine for death as if it were hidden treasure but still cannot obtain it.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
οἳwhoRR NPM · ὅςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathοἳ: rendered here as 'who'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ὁμείρονταιlong forV1 PMI3P · ὁμείρομαιmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathὁμείρονται: rendered here as 'long for'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
τοῦfor theRA GSM · ὁgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathτοῦ: rendered here as 'for the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathθανάτου: rendered here as 'death'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathκαὶ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathοὐ: rendered here as 'not'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
τυγχάνουσινobtainV1 PAI3P · τυγχάνωmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathτυγχάνουσιν: rendered here as 'obtain'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἀνορύσσοντεςdigging forV1 · παπνπμ ὀρύσσω + ἀναparticiple modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the main verbal idea→ curse of birth and longing for deathἀνορύσσοντες: rendered here as 'digging for'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ὥσπερlikeD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathὥσπερ: rendered here as 'like'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
θησαυρούςtreasuresN2 APM · θησαυρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathθησαυρούς: rendered here as 'treasures'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
22
περιχαρεῖς δὲ ἐγένοντο ἐὰν κατατύχωσιν
and who would become overjoyed if they should attain it?
Their joy would come not from recovery but from finally reaching death.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
περιχαρεῖςoverjoyedA3H NPM · περιχαρήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathπεριχαρεῖς: rendered here as 'overjoyed'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
δὲandX · δέconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathδὲ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐγένοντοthey would becomeVBI AMI3P · γίγνομαιmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐγένοντο: rendered here as 'they would become'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause's stance, emphasis, or manner→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐὰν: rendered here as 'if'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
κατατύχωσινthey should attainVB AAS3P · τυγχάνω + καταmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathκατατύχωσιν: compound verb meaning 'attain fully' or 'come upon'; here it is the hoped-for attainment of death.
23
θάνατος ἀνδρὶ ἀνάπαυμα συνέκλεισεν γὰρ ὁ θεὸς κατ' αὐτοῦ
Death is rest for a man, for God has shut him in.
Job states the paradox bluntly: for the trapped man, death would be repose because God has enclosed him.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
θάνατοςdeathN2 NSM · θάνατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathθάνατος: rendered here as 'death'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἀνδρὶfor a manN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative element marking sphere, reference, means, recipient, or location→ curse of birth and longing for deathἀνδρὶ: rendered here as 'for a man'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἀνάπαυμαrestN3M NSN · ἀνάπαυμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathἀνάπαυμα: 'resting-place' or 'rest'; in 3:23 it defines death as release for the enclosed sufferer.
συνέκλεισενit shutVAI AAI3S · κλείω + συνmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathσυνέκλεισεν: compound aorist 'shut in / enclosed'; in this chapter it appears both of the womb's doors and of God enclosing the sufferer.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathγὰρ: rendered here as 'for'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathὁ: rendered here as 'the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathθεὸς: rendered here as 'God'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
κατ'overP · κατάpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as time, source, direction, or reference→ curse of birth and longing for deathκατ': rendered here as 'over'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathαὐτοῦ: rendered here as 'his'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
24
πρὸ γὰρ τῶν σίτων μου στεναγμός μοι ἥκει δακρύω δὲ ἐγὼ συνεχόμενος φόβῳ
For before my food my groaning comes to me, and I weep, hemmed in by fear.
He now adduces his own condition: groaning interrupts ordinary eating, and fear compresses his life.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its phrase and marking relation such as time, source, direction, or reference→ curse of birth and longing for deathπρὸ: rendered here as 'before'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathγὰρ: rendered here as 'for'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathτῶν: rendered here as 'the'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
σίτωνfoodsN2 GPM · σῖτοςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathσίτων: rendered here as 'foods'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ curse of birth and longing for deathμου: rendered here as 'my'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
στεναγμόςgroaningN2 NSM · στεναγμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathστεναγμός: rendered here as 'groaning'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μοιmeRP DS · ἐγώdative element marking sphere, reference, means, recipient, or location→ curse of birth and longing for deathμοι: rendered here as 'me'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἥκειcomesV1 PAI3S · ἥκωmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἥκει: rendered here as 'comes'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
δακρύωI weepV1 PAI1S · δακρύωmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathδακρύω: rendered here as 'I weep'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
δὲandX · δέconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathδὲ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐγὼ: rendered here as 'I'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
συνεχόμενοςhemmed inV1 · πμπνσμ ἔχω + συνparticiple modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the main verbal idea→ curse of birth and longing for deathσυνεχόμενος: participle meaning 'being hemmed in' or 'pressed together'; Job presents fear as a force constricting his life.
φόβῳby fearN2 DSM · φόβοςdative element marking sphere, reference, means, recipient, or location→ curse of birth and longing for deathφόβῳ: rendered here as 'by fear'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
25
φόβος γάρ ὃν ἐφρόντισα ἦλθέν μοι καὶ ὃν ἐδεδοίκειν συνήντησέν μοι
For the fear I brooded over has come upon me, and what I dreaded has met me.
The fear he long carried has become reality; dread has arrived exactly where he expected it.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathφόβος: rendered here as 'fear'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
γάρforX · γάρconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathγάρ: rendered here as 'for'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathὃν: rendered here as 'which'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐφρόντισαI brooded overVAI AAI1S · φροντίζωmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐφρόντισα: rendered here as 'I brooded over'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἦλθένhas comeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἦλθέν: rendered here as 'has come'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μοιmeRP DS · ἐγώdative element marking sphere, reference, means, recipient, or location→ curse of birth and longing for deathμοι: rendered here as 'me'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathκαὶ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement within the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathὃν: rendered here as 'which'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἐδεδοίκεινI dreadedVXI YAI1S · δείδωmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἐδεδοίκειν: form from δείδω, 'I had dreaded'; it names the fear Job had already been carrying before disaster arrived.
συνήντησένhas metVAI AAI3S · ἀντάω + συνmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathσυνήντησέν: rendered here as 'has met'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μοιmeRP DS · ἐγώdative element marking sphere, reference, means, recipient, or location→ curse of birth and longing for deathμοι: rendered here as 'me'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
26
οὔτε εἰρήνευσα οὔτε ἡσύχασα οὔτε ἀνεπαυσάμην ἦλθεν δέ μοι ὀργή
I had neither peace nor quiet nor rest, and wrath came upon me.
The speech closes with a triple denial of peace, quiet, and rest, overturned by the arrival of turmoil.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
οὔτεneitherC · οὔτεconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathοὔτε: rendered here as 'neither'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
εἰρήνευσαI had peaceVAI AAI1S · εἰρηνεύωmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathεἰρήνευσα: rendered here as 'I had peace'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
οὔτεneitherC · οὔτεconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathοὔτε: rendered here as 'neither'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἡσύχασαI would be quietVA AAI1S · ἡσυχάζωmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἡσύχασα: rendered here as 'I would be quiet'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
οὔτεneitherC · οὔτεconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathοὔτε: rendered here as 'neither'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἀνεπαυσάμηνI would have restedVAI AMI1S · παύω + ἀναmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἀνεπαυσάμην: rendered here as 'I would have rested'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ἦλθενcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιmain verbal element carrying the action, wish, question, or state of the clause→ curse of birth and longing for deathἦλθεν: rendered here as 'came'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
δέandX · δέconjunction linking clauses, alternatives, negation, or explanation in the lament→ curse of birth and longing for deathδέ: rendered here as 'and'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
μοιmeRP DS · ἐγώdative element marking sphere, reference, means, recipient, or location→ curse of birth and longing for deathμοι: rendered here as 'me'; see the immediate poetic context in Job 3 for its local force.
ὀργήwrathN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ curse of birth and longing for deathὀργή: 'wrath' or violent turmoil; the last word leaves the speech under the sign of intrusive disturbance.