1
ὑπολαβὼν δὲ Ιωβ λέγει
Then Job took up the matter and says:
The standard reply formula introduces Job's response.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
ὑπολαβὼνtaking upVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ὑποparticipial verbal form contributing description or attendant action within the clause→ aoristic eventὑπολαβὼν: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
δὲthenX · δέconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingδὲ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
ΙωβJobN NSM · Ιωβconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingΙωβ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or description→ imperfective descriptionλέγει: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
2
τίνι πρόσκεισαι ἢ τίνι μέλλεις βοηθεῖν πότερον οὐχ ᾧ πολλὴ ἰσχὺς καὶ ᾧ βραχίων κραταιός ἐστιν
To whom have you lent support, or whom are you about to help? Is it not the one with great strength, the one whose arm is mighty?
Job begins with sarcasm, asking whom Bildad imagines he has actually helped.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
τίνιto whomRI DSM · τίςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingτίνι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
πρόσκεισαιdo you attach yourselfV5 PMI2S · κεῖμαι + προςmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or description→ aoristic eventπρόσκεισαι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
ἢorC · ἤconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingἢ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
τίνιto whomRI DSM · τίςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingτίνι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
μέλλειςare you aboutV1 PAI2S · μέλλωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or description→ imperfective descriptionμέλλεις: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
βοηθεῖνto helpV2 PAN · βοηθέωinfinitival verbal form complementing the main clause or expressing intended action→ aoristic eventβοηθεῖν: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
πότερονis it notD · πότερονconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingπότερον: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
οὐχnotD · οὐconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingοὐχ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
ᾧto whomRR DSM · ὅςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingᾧ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
πολλὴgreatA1 NSF · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingπολλὴ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ἰσχὺςstrengthN3U NSF · ἰσχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingἰσχὺς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
καὶandC · καίconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingκαὶ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
ᾧto whomRR DSM · ὅςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingᾧ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
βραχίωνarmN3N NSM · βραχίωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingβραχίων: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
κραταιόςmightyA1A NSM · κραταιόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingκραταιός: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or description→ imperfective descriptionἐστιν: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
3
τίνι συμβεβούλευσαι οὐχ ᾧ πᾶσα σοφία ἢ τίνι ἐπακολουθήσεις οὐχ ᾧ μεγίστη δύναμις
To whom have you given counsel? Is it not to the one in whom all wisdom resides? Or whom will you instruct to follow, if not the one whose power is greatest?
The irony sharpens: Bildad speaks as though he were counseling wisdom itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
τίνιto whomRI DSN · τίςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingτίνι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
συμβεβούλευσαιhave you given counselVM XMI2S · βουλεύω + συνmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or description→ aoristic eventσυμβεβούλευσαι: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
οὐχnotD · οὐconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingοὐχ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
ᾧto whomRR DSM · ὅςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingᾧ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingπᾶσα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingσοφία: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ἢorC · ἤconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingἢ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
τίνιto whomRI DSN · τίςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingτίνι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ἐπακολουθήσειςwill you follow afterVF FAI2S · ἀκολουθέω + ἐπιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or description→ future projectionἐπακολουθήσεις: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
οὐχnotD · οὐconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingοὐχ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
ᾧto whomRR DSM · ὅςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingᾧ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
μεγίστηgreatestA1 NSFS · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingμεγίστη: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
δύναμιςpowerN3I NSF · δύναμιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingδύναμις: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
4
τίνι ἀνήγγειλας ῥήματα πνοὴ δὲ τίνος ἐστὶν ἡ ἐξελθοῦσα ἐκ σοῦ
To whom have you spoken these words, and whose breath is it that has come out from you?
Job questions the origin and worth of the words just spoken.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τίνιto whomRI DSN · τίςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingτίνι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ἀνήγγειλαςdid you declareVAI AAI2S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or description→ aoristic eventἀνήγγειλας: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
ῥήματαwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingῥήματα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
πνοὴbreathN1 NSF · πνοήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingπνοὴ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
δὲthenX · δέconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingδὲ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
τίνοςof whomRI GSN · τίςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingτίνος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ἐστὶνἐστὶνV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or description→ imperfective descriptionἐστὶν: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingἡ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ἐξελθοῦσαthat came outVB · ααπνσφ ἔρχομαι + ἐκparticipial verbal form contributing description or attendant action within the clause→ aoristic eventἐξελθοῦσα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
ἐκfromP · ἐκconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingἐκ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingσοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
5
μὴ γίγαντες μαιωθήσονται ὑποκάτωθεν ὕδατος καὶ τῶν γειτόνων αὐτοῦ
Were not the giants brought forth from beneath the waters, together with those who dwell beside them?
The poem pivots from taunt to cosmic theology, reaching even into the deep.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
μὴsurely notD · μήconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingμὴ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
γίγαντεςgiantsN3 NPM · γίγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingγίγαντες: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
μαιωθήσονταιwere they brought forthVC FPI3P · μαιόομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or description→ future projectionμαιωθήσονται: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
ὑποκάτωθενfrom beneathD · ὑποκάτωθενconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingὑποκάτωθεν: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingὕδατος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
καὶandC · καίconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingκαὶ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingτῶν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
γειτόνωνneighborsN3N GPM · γείτωνgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingγειτόνων: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
αὐτοῦof itRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
6
γυμνὸς ὁ ᾅδης ἐπώπιον αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν περιβόλαιον τῇ ἀπωλείᾳ
Hades lies naked before him, and destruction has no covering.
Nothing in death or destruction is hidden from God's sight.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
γυμνὸςnakedA1 NSM · γυμνόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingγυμνὸς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingὁ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ᾅδηςHadesN1M NSM · ᾅδηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingᾅδης: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ἐπώπιονbeforeD · ἐπώπιονconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingἐπώπιον: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
αὐτοῦof itRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
καὶandC · καίconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingκαὶ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingοὐκ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
ἔστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or description→ imperfective descriptionἔστιν: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
περιβόλαιονcoveringN2N NSN · περιβόλαιονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingπεριβόλαιον: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
τῇfor theRA DSF · ὁdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingτῇ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ἀπωλείᾳdestructionN1A DSF · ἀπώλειαdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingἀπωλείᾳ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
7
ἐκτείνων βορέαν ἐπ' οὐδέν κρεμάζων γῆν ἐπὶ οὐδενός
He stretches out the north over emptiness, hanging the earth upon nothing.
God's creative rule is portrayed through the paradox of earth suspended over nothing.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἐκτείνωνstretching outV1 · παπνσμ τείνω + ἐκparticipial verbal form contributing description or attendant action within the clause→ aoristic eventἐκτείνων: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
βορέανthe northN1T ASM · βορέαςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingβορέαν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ἐπ'overP · ἐπίconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingἐπ': indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
οὐδένnothingA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingοὐδέν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
κρεμάζωνhangingV1 · παπνσμ κρεμάζωparticipial verbal form contributing description or attendant action within the clause→ aoristic eventκρεμάζων: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
γῆνthe earthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingγῆν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingἐπὶ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
οὐδενόςnothingA3 GSM · οὐδείςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingοὐδενός: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
8
δεσμεύων ὕδωρ ἐν νεφέλαις αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐρράγη νέφος ὑποκάτω αὐτοῦ
He binds up the waters in his clouds, yet the cloud is not torn open beneath them.
He holds chaotic waters in check without the clouds bursting apart.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
δεσμεύωνbinding upV1 · παπνσμ δεσμεύωparticipial verbal form contributing description or attendant action within the clause→ aoristic eventδεσμεύων: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
ὕδωρwaterN3 ASN · ὕδωρaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingὕδωρ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ἐνinP · ἐνconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingἐν: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
νεφέλαιςcloudsN1 DPF · νεφέληdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingνεφέλαις: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
αὐτοῦof itRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
καὶandC · καίconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingκαὶ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingοὐκ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
ἐρράγηwas splitVDI API3S · ῥήγνυμιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or description→ aoristic eventἐρράγη: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
νέφοςcloudN3E ASN · νέφοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingνέφος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ὑποκάτωbeneathD · ὑποκάτωconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingὑποκάτω: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
αὐτοῦof itRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
9
ὁ κρατῶν πρόσωπον θρόνου ἐκπετάζων ἐπ' αὐτὸν νέφος αὐτοῦ
He veils the face of his throne, spreading his cloud over it.
The divine throne is simultaneously revealed and concealed by cloud.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingὁ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
κρατῶνholding fastV2 · παπνσμ κρατέωparticipial verbal form contributing description or attendant action within the clause→ aoristic eventκρατῶν: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
πρόσωπονfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingπρόσωπον: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
θρόνουof the throneN2 GSM · θρόνοςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingθρόνου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ἐκπετάζωνspreading outV1 · παπνσμ πετάζω + ἐκparticipial verbal form contributing description or attendant action within the clause→ aoristic eventἐκπετάζων: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
ἐπ'overP · ἐπίconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingἐπ': indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
αὐτὸνitRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingαὐτὸν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
νέφοςcloudN3E ASN · νέφοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingνέφος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
αὐτοῦof itRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
10
πρόσταγμα ἐγύρωσεν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον ὕδατος μέχρι συντελείας φωτὸς μετὰ σκότους
He has drawn a boundary upon the face of the waters, at the meeting-place of light with darkness.
God establishes ordered limits where light and darkness meet.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πρόσταγμαa boundaryN3M ASN · πρόσταγμαaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingπρόσταγμα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ἐγύρωσενhe circledVAI AAI3S · γυρόωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or description→ aoristic eventἐγύρωσεν: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingἐπὶ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
πρόσωπονfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingπρόσωπον: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingὕδατος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
μέχριuntilP · μέχριconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingμέχρι: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
συντελείαςthe limitN1A GSF · συντέλειαgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingσυντελείας: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
φωτὸςof lightN3T GSN · φῶςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingφωτὸς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
μετὰwithP · μετάconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingμετὰ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
σκότουςdarknessN3E GSN · σκότοςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingσκότους: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
11
στῦλοι οὐρανοῦ ἐπετάσθησαν καὶ ἐξέστησαν ἀπὸ τῆς ἐπιτιμήσεως αὐτοῦ
The pillars of heaven were shaken and stood aghast at his rebuke.
Heaven itself trembles under the force of his rebuke.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
στῦλοιpillarsN2 NPM · στῦλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingστῦλοι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
οὐρανοῦof heavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingοὐρανοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ἐπετάσθησανwere astonishedVSI API3P · πετάννυμιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or description→ aoristic eventἐπετάσθησαν: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
καὶandC · καίconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingκαὶ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
ἐξέστησανwere shakenVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or description→ aoristic eventἐξέστησαν: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingἀπὸ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingτῆς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ἐπιτιμήσεωςrebukeN3I GSF · ἐπιτίμησιςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingἐπιτιμήσεως: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
αὐτοῦof itRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
12
ἰσχύι κατέπαυσεν τὴν θάλασσαν ἐπιστήμῃ δὲ ἔτρωσε τὸ κῆτος
By his strength he stilled the sea, and by his understanding he struck down the sea-monster.
The Lord subdues the unruly sea by might and wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἰσχύιby strengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingἰσχύι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
κατέπαυσενhe stilledVAI AAI3S · παύω + καταmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or description→ aoristic eventκατέπαυσεν: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingτὴν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
θάλασσανseaN1S ASF · θάλασσαaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingθάλασσαν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ἐπιστήμῃby understandingN1 DSF · ἐπιστήμηdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingἐπιστήμῃ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
δὲthenX · δέconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingδὲ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
ἔτρωσεhe struck downVAI AAI3S · τιτρώσκωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or description→ aoristic eventἔτρωσε: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingτὸ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
κῆτοςsea-monsterN3E ASN · κῆτοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingκῆτος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
13
κλεῖθρα δὲ οὐρανοῦ δεδοίκασιν αὐτόν προστάγματι δὲ ἐθανάτωσεν δράκοντα ἀποστάτην
The bars of heaven fear him, and by his command he slew the fugitive dragon.
The image of the dragon extends divine victory over chaotic or rebellious powers.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
κλεῖθραbarsN2N NPN · κλεῖθρονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingκλεῖθρα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
δὲthenX · δέconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingδὲ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
οὐρανοῦof heavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingοὐρανοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
δεδοίκασινfearVX XAI3P · δείδωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or description→ imperfective descriptionδεδοίκασιν: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingαὐτόν: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
προστάγματιby commandN3M DSN · πρόσταγμαdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingπροστάγματι: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
δὲthenX · δέconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingδὲ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
ἐθανάτωσενhe killedVAI AAI3S · θανατόωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or description→ aoristic eventἐθανάτωσεν: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
δράκονταdragonN3 ASM · δράκωνaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingδράκοντα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ἀποστάτηνfugitiveN1M ASM · ἀποστάτηςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingἀποστάτην: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
14
ἰδοὺ ταῦτα μέρη ὁδοῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ ἰκμάδα λόγου ἀκουσόμεθα ἐν αὐτῷ σθένος δὲ βροντῆς αὐτοῦ τίς οἶδεν ὁπότε ποιήσει
Behold, these are but the outskirts of his way, and we hear only the barest whisper of a word from him; but the force of his thunder, who can understand when he acts?
Job closes by insisting that all such descriptions remain only the faintest trace of God's full reality.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingἰδοὺ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
ταῦταthese thingsRD NPN · οὗτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingταῦτα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
μέρηedgesN3E NPN · μέροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingμέρη: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ὁδοῦof the wayN2 GSF · ὁδόςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingὁδοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
αὐτοῦof itRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
καὶandC · καίconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingκαὶ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingἐπὶ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
ἰκμάδαa whisperN3D APF · ἰκμάςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingἰκμάδα: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
λόγουof a wordN2 GSM · λόγοςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingλόγου: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
ἀκουσόμεθαwe hearVF FMI1P · ἀκούωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or description→ future projectionἀκουσόμεθα: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
ἐνinP · ἐνconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingἐν: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
αὐτῷin himRD DSM · αὐτόςdative element marking reference, sphere, means, or recipient within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingαὐτῷ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
σθένοςthe forceN3E ASN · σθένοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingσθένος: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
δὲthenX · δέconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingδὲ: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
βροντῆςof thunderN1 GSF · βροντήgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingβροντῆς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
αὐτοῦof itRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingαὐτοῦ: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
τίςwhoRI NSM · τίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ cosmic power and partial understandingτίς: rendered according to its immediate syntactic role within Job 26's response and cosmic description.
οἶδενknowsVX XAI3S · οἶδαmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or description→ imperfective descriptionοἶδεν: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.
ὁπότεwhenD · ὁπότεconnective, prepositional, or particle element shaping relation, negation, or clause linkage→ cosmic power and partial understandingὁπότε: indeclinable or connective element guiding the movement of argument and imagery in Job 26.
ποιήσειhe will actVF FAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, challenge, or description→ future projectionποιήσει: verbal form interpreted according to its local force within Job 26's ironic challenge and cosmic hymn.