1
διαθήκην ἐθέμην τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς μου καὶ οὐ συνήσω ἐπὶ παρθένον
I made a covenant with my eyes, and I will not look closely upon a virgin.
Job opens his self-defense with disciplined purity at the level of sight and intention.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
διαθήκηνcovenantN1 ASF · διαθήκηcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐθέμηνI madeVEI AMI1S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseτίθημι: meaning 'I made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοῖςeyesN2 DPM · ὀφθαλμόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
συνήσωI will lookVF FAI1S · ἵημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἵημι + συν: meaning 'I will look'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
παρθένονvirginN2 ASF · παρθένοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπαρθένος: meaning 'virgin'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
2
καὶ τί ἐμέρισεν ὁ θεὸς ἀπάνωθεν καὶ κληρονομία ἱκανοῦ ἐξ ὑψίστων
And what portion did God apportion from above, and what inheritance from the Mighty One of the heights?
He grounds self-restraint in the reality that God above apportions every human lot.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐμέρισενapportionedVAI AAI3S · μερίζωverbal element expressing action, process, or state within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμερίζω: meaning 'apportioned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element expressing action, process, or state within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἀπάνωθενfrom aboveD · ἀπάνωθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀπάνωθεν: meaning 'from above'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κληρονομίαinheritanceN1A NSF · κληρονομίαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκληρονομία: meaning 'inheritance'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἱκανοῦMighty OneA1 GSM · ἱκανόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἱκανός: meaning 'Mighty One'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὑψίστωνhighest placesA1 GPM · ὕψιστοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseὕψιστος: meaning 'highest places'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
3
οὐχὶ ἀπώλεια τῷ ἀδίκῳ καὶ ἀπαλλοτρίωσις τοῖς ποιοῦσιν ἀνομίαν
Is there not destruction for the unjust and estrangement for those who do lawlessness?
The moral logic is plain: wrongdoing brings ruin, so Job invokes the standard openly upon himself if guilty.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
οὐχὶnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐ: meaning 'not'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἀπώλειαdestructionN1A NSF · ἀπώλειαnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδίκῳunjustA1B DSM · ἄδικοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἄδικος: meaning 'unjust'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπαλλοτρίωσιςestrangementN3I NSF · ἀπαλλοτρίωσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀπαλλοτρίωσις: meaning 'estrangement'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιοῦσινdoV2 · παπδπμ ποιέωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπαπδπμ ποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
ἀνομίανiniquitiesN1A ASF · ἀνομίαcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀνομία: meaning 'iniquities'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
4
οὐχὶ αὐτὸς ὄψεται ὁδόν μου καὶ πάντα τὰ διαβήματά μου ἐξαριθμήσεται
Does he not see my way and number all my steps?
Job appeals to divine omniscience: nothing in his conduct is hidden from God's counting.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οὐχὶnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐ: meaning 'not'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὄψεταιseeVF FMI3S · ὁράωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future middle verbal form projecting a coming actionὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ὁδόνroadN2 ASF · ὁδόςnominal term functioning in a acc relation→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseὁδός: meaning 'road'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a acc relation.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαβήματάstepsN3M APN · διάβημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδιάβημα: meaning 'steps'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐξαριθμήσεταιwill count outVF FMI3S · ἀριθμέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀριθμέω + ἐκ: meaning 'will count out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
εἰ δὲ ἤμην πεπορευμένος μετὰ γελοιαστῶν εἰ δὲ καὶ ἐσπούδασεν ὁ πούς μου εἰς δόλον
If I have walked with mockers, and if my foot has hurried toward deceit,
The oath begins its conditional form: if he has joined himself to falsehood, let judgment answer.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤμηνI wasV9I IMI1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseεἰμί: meaning 'I was'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πεπορευμένοςwalkingVM · χμπνσμ πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseχμπνσμ πορεύομαι: meaning 'walking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γελοιαστῶνmockersN1M GPM · γελοιαστήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγελοιαστής: meaning 'mockers'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσπούδασενhurriedVAI AAI3S · σπουδάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseσπουδάζω: meaning 'hurried'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πούςfootN3D NSM · πούςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δόλονdeceitN2 ASM · δόλοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement within the saying→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδόλος: meaning 'deceit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement within the saying.
6
ἱσταίη με ἄρα ἐν ζυγῷ δικαίῳ οἶδεν δὲ ὁ κύριος τὴν ἀκακίαν μου
let him set me in a just balance, and the Lord will know my innocence.
Job is willing to be weighed publicly because he believes honest scales will vindicate him.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἱσταίηlet him setV6 PAO3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἵστημι: meaning 'let him set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἄραperhapsX · ἄραparticle softening the expectation→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἄρα: meaning 'perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ζυγῷyokeN2 DSM · ζυγόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseζυγός: meaning 'yoke'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
δικαίῳrighteousA1A DSM · δίκαιοςdative nominal element marking reference, means, or advantage→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as dative nominal element marking reference, means, or advantage.
οἶδενknowsVX XAI3S · οἶδαverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseοἶδα: meaning 'knows'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκακίανinnocenceN1A ASF · ἀκακίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀκακία: meaning 'innocence'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
7
εἰ ἐξέκλινεν ὁ πούς μου ἐκ τῆς ὁδοῦ εἰ δὲ καὶ τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ ἐπηκολούθησεν ἡ καρδία μου εἰ δὲ καὶ ταῖς χερσίν μου ἡψάμην δώρων
If my foot turned from the way, if my heart followed my eye, and if my hands touched gifts,
The oath expands from deception into bribery and inward desire.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέκλινενhe turned asideV1I IAI3S · κλίνω + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionκλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'he turned aside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πούςfootN3D NSM · πούςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοῦroadN2 GSF · ὁδόςgenitive object of ἐκ (the way departed from)→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseὁδός: meaning 'road'; it serves as genitive object of ἐκ (the way departed from).
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμῷwith the eyeN2 DSM · ὀφθαλμόςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseὀφθαλμός: meaning 'with the eye'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
ἐπηκολούθησενhe followedVAI AAI3S · ἀκολουθέω + ἐπιverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀκολουθέω + ἐπι: meaning 'he followed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερσίνhandN3 DPF · χείρcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἡψάμηνI touchedVAI AMI1S · ἅπτομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἅπτομαι: meaning 'I touched'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δώρωνgiftN2N GPN · δῶρονgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδῶρον: meaning 'gift'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
8
σπείραιμι ἄρα καὶ ἄλλοι φάγοισαν ἄρριζος δὲ γενοίμην ἐπὶ γῆς
then let me sow and let others eat, and let me become rootless upon the earth.
He calls down agricultural and personal dispossession upon himself if his conduct has been crooked.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
σπείραιμιmay I sowVA AAO1S · σπείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseσπείρω: meaning 'may I sow'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄραperhapsX · ἄραparticle softening the expectation→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἄρα: meaning 'perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄλλοιotherRD NPM · ἄλλοςnominative term functioning in the clause core→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἄλλος: meaning 'other'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
φάγοισανmay they eatVB AAO3P · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἐσθίω: meaning 'may they eat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄρριζοςrootlessA1B NSM · ἄρριζοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἄρριζος: meaning 'rootless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γενοίμηνmay I becomeVB AMO1S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγίγνομαι: meaning 'may I become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
9
εἰ ἐξηκολούθησεν ἡ καρδία μου γυναικὶ ἀνδρὸς ἑτέρου εἰ καὶ ἐγκάθετος ἐγενόμην ἐπὶ θύραις αὐτῆς
If my heart has pursued another man's wife, and if I sat in ambush at her doors,
Job now states the adultery charge in direct form and places himself under oath against it.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξηκολούθησενpursuedVAI AAI3S · ἀκολουθέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀκολουθέω + ἐκ: meaning 'pursued'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
γυναικὶwifeN3K DSF · γυνήnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ἑτέρουotherA1A GSM · ἕτεροςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἕτερος: meaning 'other'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγκάθετοςlying in waitA1B NSM · ἐγκάθετοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἐγκάθετος: meaning 'lying in wait'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγενόμηνI becameVBI AMI1S · γίγνομαιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγίγνομαι: meaning 'I became'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
θύραιςdoorsN1A DPF · θύραnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseθύρα: meaning 'doors'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
10
ἀρέσαι ἄρα καὶ ἡ γυνή μου ἑτέρῳ τὰ δὲ νήπιά μου ταπεινωθείη
then let my wife please another, and let my little ones be brought low.
He answers the sexual sin with a household curse of corresponding severity.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀρέσαιlet her pleaseVA AAO3S · ἀρέσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀρέσκω: meaning 'let her please'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄραperhapsX · ἄραparticle softening the expectation→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἄρα: meaning 'perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυνήwifeN3K NSF · γυνήnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἑτέρῳanotherA1A DSM · ἕτεροςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἕτερος: meaning 'another'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νήπιάlittle onesA1A NPN · νήπιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseνήπιος: meaning 'little ones'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ταπεινωθείηbe brought lowVC APO3S · ταπεινόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseταπεινόω: meaning 'be brought low'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
11
θυμὸς γὰρ ὀργῆς ἀκατάσχετος τὸ μιᾶναι ἀνδρὸς γυναῖκα
For such defilement of another man's wife is an unrestrained wrath.
Job explains why the self-curse is so strong: adultery is not trivial passion but destructive defilement.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
θυμὸςvenom / rageN2 NSM · θυμόςpredicate nominative ('their wine is venom')→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseθυμός: meaning 'venom'; it serves as predicate nominative ('their wine is venom').
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀργῆςwith angerN1 GSF · ὀργήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseὀργή: meaning 'with anger'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἀκατάσχετοςunrestrainedA1B NSM · ἀκατάσχετοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀκατάσχετος: meaning 'unrestrained'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μιᾶναιto defileVA AAN · μιαίνωinfinitive complement expressing the commanded action→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμιαίνω: meaning 'to defile'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement expressing the commanded action.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
γυναῖκαwifeN3K ASF · γυνήnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
12
πῦρ γάρ ἐστιν καιόμενον ἐπὶ πάντων τῶν μερῶν οὗ δ' ἂν ἐπέλθῃ ἐκ ῥιζῶν ἀπώλεσεν
For it is a fire burning upon every part; wherever it comes, it destroys from the roots.
The sin is portrayed as a consuming fire that leaves no stable root behind.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
πῦρfireN3 NSN · πῦρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
γάρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relation→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
καιόμενονburningV1 · πμπνσν καίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπμπνσν καίω: meaning 'burning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πάντωνall / everyA3 GPN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μερῶνpartsN3E GPN · μέροςobject of ἐκ→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμέρος: meaning 'parts'; it serves as object of ἐκ.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronoun in genitival dependence→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
δ'butX · δέmild adversative marking transition to sanction→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδέ: meaning 'but'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἂνeverX · ἄνmodal particle with the subjunctive→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέλθῃερχομαι + επιVB AAS3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist subjunctive form expressing a bounded prospective actionἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'ερχομαι + επι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ῥιζῶνof rootsN1S GPF · ῥίζαnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseῥίζα: meaning 'of roots'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
ἀπώλεσενdestroyedVAI AAI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
13
εἰ δὲ καὶ ἐφαύλισα κρίμα θεράποντός μου ἢ θεραπαίνης κρινομένων αὐτῶν πρός με
If I treated lightly the case of my male servant or my female servant when they had a dispute with me,
Job moves from sexual integrity to household justice and places even his treatment of servants under oath.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφαύλισαtreated lightlyVAI AAI1S · φαυλίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseφαυλίζω: meaning 'treated lightly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
θεράποντόςmale servantN3 GSM · θεράπωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseθεράπων: meaning 'male servant'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θεραπαίνηςfemale servantN1S GSF · θεραπαίναgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseθεραπαίνα: meaning 'female servant'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κρινομένωνwhen being judgedV1 · πμπγπμ κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπμπγπμ κρίνω: meaning 'when being judged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
14
τί γὰρ ποιήσω ἐὰν ἔτασίν μου ποιήσηται ὁ κύριος ἐὰν δὲ καὶ ἐπισκοπήν τίνα ἀπόκρισιν ποιήσομαι
what shall I do if the Lord makes examination of me, and if he should make visitation, what answer shall I give?
His reason is theological again: if God investigates, status will not excuse injustice.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσωdo / makeVA AAS1S · ποιέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ἔτασίνexaminationN3I ASF · ἔτασιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἔτασις: meaning 'examination'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ποιήσηταιshould makeVA AMS3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseποιέω: meaning 'should make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπισκοπήνvisitationN1 ASF · ἐπισκοπήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἐπισκοπή: meaning 'visitation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τίναtisRI ASM · τίςpronominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseτίνα: meaning 'tis'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
ἀπόκρισινanswerN3I ASF · ἀπόκρισιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀπόκρισις: meaning 'answer'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποιήσομαιshall I makeVF FMI1S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseποιέω: meaning 'shall I make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
15
πότερον οὐχ ὡς καὶ ἐγὼ ἐγενόμην ἐν γαστρί καὶ ἐκεῖνοι γεγόνασιν γεγόναμεν δὲ ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ κοιλίᾳ
Was it not as I was formed in the womb, so were they also formed? And were we not made in the same belly?
Common creation in the womb makes oppression of the lowly morally absurd.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
πότερονwhetherD · πότερονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπότερον: meaning 'whether'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ simple negationοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐγενόμηνI becameVBI AMI1S · γίγνομαιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγίγνομαι: meaning 'I became'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γαστρίwombN3 DSF · γαστήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγαστήρ: meaning 'womb'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκεῖνοιthose menRD NPM · ἐκεῖνοςsubject of ἐστέρηνται→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἐκεῖνος: meaning 'those men'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
γεγόνασινbecome / happenVX XAI3P · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
γεγόναμενwere we madeVX XAI1P · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγίγνομαι: meaning 'were we made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase.
κοιλίᾳwombN1A DSF · κοιλίαnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκοιλία: meaning 'womb'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
16
ἀδύνατοι δὲ χρείαν ἥν ποτ' εἶχον οὐκ ἀπέτυχον χήρας δὲ τὸν ὀφθαλμὸν οὐκ ἐξέτηξα
The weak did not miss the need they once had from me, and I did not make the widow's eye waste away.
Job states positively that the vulnerable received what they needed from him.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἀδύνατοιpowerlessA1B NPM · ἀδύνατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀδύνατος: meaning 'powerless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρείανneedN1A ASF · χρείαnominal term functioning as a accusative complement→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseχρεία: meaning 'need'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a accusative complement.
ἥνwhichRR ASF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἥν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποτ'everD · ποτέadverbial or connective modifier within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseποτ': meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶχονthey hadV1I IAI3P · ἔχωverb completing the relative phrase about possessions→ imperfect of continuing stateἔχω: meaning 'they had'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb completing the relative phrase about possessions.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀπέτυχονfailed to obtainVBI AAI3P · τυγχάνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseτυγχάνω + ἀπο: meaning 'failed to obtain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χήραςwidowsN1A APF · χήραaccusative element functioning as object, goal, or extent→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseχήρα: meaning 'widows'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, goal, or extent.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμὸνeyeN2 ASM · ὀφθαλμόςobject of the infinitive ἐξορύξαι→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as object of the infinitive ἐξορύξαι.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐξέτηξαI made waste awayVAI AAI1S · τήκω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseτήκω + ἐκ: meaning 'I made waste away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
εἰ δὲ καὶ τὸν ψωμόν μου ἔφαγον μόνος καὶ οὐχὶ ὀρφανῷ μετέδωκα
And if I ate my morsel alone and did not share it with the orphan,
The oath turns to concrete table fellowship and provision for the fatherless.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψωμόνmorselN2 ASM · ψωμόςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseψωμός: meaning 'morsel'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἔφαγονeatsVBI AAI1S · ἐσθίωverb of indefinite relative clause (protasis)→ aorist verbal form portraying the action as a whole occurrenceἐσθίω: meaning 'eats'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of indefinite relative clause (protasis).
μόνοςaloneA1 NSM · μόνοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμόνος: meaning 'alone'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχὶnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐ: meaning 'not'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ὀρφανῷorphanA1 DSM · ὀρφανόςdative complement within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseὀρφανός: meaning 'orphan'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
μετέδωκαI sharedVAI AAI1S · δίδωμι + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδίδωμι + μετα: meaning 'I shared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
18
ὅτι ἐκ νεότητός μου ἐξέτρεφον ὡς πατὴρ καὶ ἐκ γαστρὸς μητρός μου ὡδήγησα
for from my youth I reared him as a father, and from my mother's womb I guided him.
Job supports the denial by describing a lifelong pattern of paternal care.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
νεότητόςyouthN3T GSF · νεότηςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseνεότης: meaning 'youth'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐξέτρεφονI rearedV1I IAI1S · τρέφω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseτρέφω + ἐκ: meaning 'I reared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πατὴρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γαστρὸςbellyN3 GSF · γαστήρgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγαστήρ: meaning 'belly'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
μητρόςof the motherN3 GSF · μήτηρnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμήτηρ: meaning 'of the mother'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὡδήγησαI guidedVAI AAI1S · ὁδηγέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseὁδηγέω: meaning 'I guided'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
19
εἰ δὲ καὶ ὑπερεῖδον γυμνὸν ἀπολλύμενον καὶ οὐκ ἠμφίασα
And if I overlooked a naked man perishing and did not clothe him,
He continues the oath in the sphere of bodily need and clothing.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερεῖδονoverlookedVBI AAI1S · ὁράω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseὁράω + ὑπερ: meaning 'overlooked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γυμνὸνnakedA1 ASM · γυμνόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγυμνός: meaning 'naked'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπολλύμενονperishingV5 · πμπασμ ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal element expressing action, process, or state within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπμπασμ ὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'perishing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element expressing action, process, or state within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἠμφίασαI clothedVAI AAI1S · ἀμφιάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀμφιάζω: meaning 'I clothed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
20
ἀδύνατοι δὲ εἰ μὴ εὐλόγησάν με ἀπὸ δὲ κουρᾶς ἀμνῶν μου ἐθερμάνθησαν οἱ ὦμοι αὐτῶν
if the weak did not bless me, and if their shoulders were not warmed from the fleece of my lambs,
Blessing from the poor and warmth from his flock serve as evidence of actual care.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἀδύνατοιpowerlessA1B NPM · ἀδύνατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀδύνατος: meaning 'powerless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εὐλόγησάνblessedVA AAI3P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseεὐλογέω: meaning 'blessed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κουρᾶςshearingN1A GSF · κουράgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκουρά: meaning 'shearing'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀμνῶνlambsN2 GPM · ἀμνόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀμνός: meaning 'lambs'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐθερμάνθησανwere heatedVCI API3P · θερμαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseθερμαίνω: meaning 'were heated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὦμοιshouldersN2 NPM · ὦμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseὦμος: meaning 'shoulders'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
21
εἰ ἐπῆρα ὀρφανῷ χεῖρα πεποιθὼς ὅτι πολλή μοι βοήθεια περίεστιν
if I raised my hand against an orphan because I saw that great help was mine,
The temptation named here is abuse of power in a situation where Job had social backing.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπῆραI raisedVAI AAI1S · αἴρω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseαἴρω + ἐπι: meaning 'I raised'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀρφανῷorphanA1 DSM · ὀρφανόςdative complement within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseὀρφανός: meaning 'orphan'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
πεποιθὼςtrustVX · χαπνσμ πείθωparticiple supporting the clause action→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardχαπνσμ πείθω: meaning 'trust'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle supporting the clause action.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πολλήmuch / manyA1 NSF · πολύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
βοήθειαhelpN1A NSF · βοήθειαsubject of the wish clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseβοήθεια: meaning 'help'; it serves as subject of the wish clause.
περίεστινπαπγσμ εἰμί + περιV9 PAI3S · εἰμί + περιparticiple or verbal form adding circumstance to the main action→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseεἰμί + περι: meaning 'παπγσμ εἰμί + περι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form adding circumstance to the main action.
22
ἀποσταίη ἄρα ὁ ὦμός μου ἀπὸ τῆς κλειδός ὁ δὲ βραχίων μου ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀγκῶνός μου συντριβείη
then let my shoulder fall from its collarbone, and let my arm be shattered from its elbow.
The member that would strike the helpless is the member he offers up to judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἀποσταίηmay it fall awayVH AAO3S · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'may it fall away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄραperhapsX · ἄραparticle softening the expectation→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἄρα: meaning 'perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὦμόςshoulderN2 NSM · ὦμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseὦμος: meaning 'shoulder'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλειδόςcollarboneN3D GSF · κλείςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκλείς: meaning 'collarbone'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βραχίωνarmN3N NSM · βραχίωνnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseβραχίων: meaning 'arm'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγκῶνόςelbowN3N GSM · ἀγκώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀγκών: meaning 'elbow'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
συντριβείηlet it be brokenVD APO3S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseτρίβω + συν: meaning 'let it be broken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
23
φόβος γὰρ κυρίου συνέσχεν με καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ λήμματος αὐτοῦ οὐχ ὑποίσω
For the fear of the Lord held me fast, and because of his majesty I could not endure otherwise.
Reverence before God, not merely social approval, is what restrained such violence.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
συνέσχενheld fastVBI AAI3S · ἔχω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἔχω + συν: meaning 'held fast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λήμματοςmajestyN3M GSN · λῆμμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseλῆμμα: meaning 'majesty'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ simple negationοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ὑποίσωI will bearVF FAI1S · φέρω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseφέρω + ὑπο: meaning 'I will bear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
24
εἰ ἔταξα χρυσίον ἰσχύν μου εἰ δὲ καὶ λίθῳ πολυτελεῖ ἐπεποίθησα
If I made gold my strength, and if I trusted in a precious stone,
The oath now turns from justice toward the inner idol of wealth.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔταξαappointVAI AAI1S · τάσσωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseτάσσω: meaning 'appoint'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
χρυσίονgoldN2N ASN · χρυσίονaccusative complement→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as accusative complement.
ἰσχύνstrengthN3U ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λίθῳwith stoneN2 DSM · λίθοςdative of material or means→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseλίθος: meaning 'with stone'; it serves as dative of material or means.
πολυτελεῖpreciousA3H DSM · πολυτελήςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπολυτελής: meaning 'precious'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπεποίθησαI trustedVXI YAI1S · πείθωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπείθω: meaning 'I trusted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
25
εἰ δὲ καὶ εὐφράνθην πολλοῦ πλούτου μοι γενομένου εἰ δὲ καὶ ἐπ' ἀναριθμήτοις ἐθέμην χεῖρά μου
and if I rejoiced when much wealth came to me, and if I laid my hand upon innumerable treasures,
Job denies not only possession but heart-exultation in abundance.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐφράνθηνI rejoicedVC API1S · εὐφραίνωverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseεὐφραίνω: meaning 'I rejoiced'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πολλοῦmuch / manyA1 GSM · πολύςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
πλούτουwealthN2 GSM · πλοῦτοςhead noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
γενομένουbecomeVB · αμπγσμ γίγνομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseαμπγσμ γίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀναριθμήτοιςinnumerable thingsA1B DPM · ἀναρίθμητοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀναρίθμητος: meaning 'innumerable things'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐθέμηνI setVEI AMI1S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseτίθημι: meaning 'I set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χεῖράhandN3 ASF · χείρcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
26
ἦ οὐχ ὁρῶ μὲν ἥλιον τὸν ἐπιφαύσκοντα ἐκλείποντα σελήνην δὲ φθίνουσαν οὐ γὰρ ἐπ' αὐτοῖς ἐστιν
Did I not see the sun shining and the moon waning? For it is not upon them that I set my devotion.
Job denies astral devotion by acknowledging the heavenly bodies without giving them worship.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἦsurelyD · ἦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἦ: meaning 'surely'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ simple negationοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ὁρῶseeV3 PAI1S · ὁράωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
μὲνindeedX · μένparticle or connective shaping the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥλιονsunN2 ASM · ἥλιοςaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἥλιος: meaning 'sun'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object or complement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιφαύσκονταshining forthV1 · παπασμ ἐπιφαύσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπαπασμ ἐπιφαύσκω: meaning 'shining forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκλείπονταfailingV1 · παπασμ λείπω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπαπασμ λείπω + ἐκ: meaning 'failing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σελήνηνmoonN1 ASF · σελήνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseσελήνη: meaning 'moon'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φθίνουσανwaningV1 · παπασφ φθίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπαπασφ φθίνω: meaning 'waning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
27
καὶ εἰ ἠπατήθη λάθρᾳ ἡ καρδία μου εἰ δὲ καὶ χεῖρά μου ἐπιθεὶς ἐπὶ στόματί μου ἐφίλησα
And if my heart was secretly deceived, and if, placing my hand upon my mouth, I kissed it,
He names the gesture of covert worship only to deny it under oath.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠπατήθηwas deceivedVCI API3S · ἀπατάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀπατάω: meaning 'was deceived'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λάθρᾳsecretlyD · λάθραparticle, connector, or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flow→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseλάθρᾳ: meaning 'secretly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χεῖράhandN3 ASF · χείρcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐπιθεὶςplacing uponVE · ααπνσμ τίθημι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseααπνσμ τίθημι + ἐπι: meaning 'placing upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
στόματίmouthN3M DSN · στόμαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐφίλησαI lovedVAI AAI1S · φιλέωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action or state→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseφιλέω: meaning 'I loved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action or state.
28
καὶ τοῦτό μοι ἄρα ἀνομία ἡ μεγίστη λογισθείη ὅτι ἐψευσάμην ἐναντίον κυρίου τοῦ ὑψίστου
then let this too be counted to me as the greatest lawlessness, because I lied before the Lord Most High.
Idolatry would amount to falsehood before the highest Lord and so merit the gravest charge.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦτόthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseτοῦτό: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἄραperhapsX · ἄραparticle softening the expectation→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἄρα: meaning 'perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνομίαlawlessnessN1A NSF · ἀνομίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγίστηgreatestA1 NSFS · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμέγας: meaning 'greatest'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λογισθείηbe countedVS APO3S · λογίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseλογίζομαι: meaning 'be counted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐψευσάμηνI liedVSI AMI1S · ψεύδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseψεύδω: meaning 'I lied'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑψίστουMost HighA1 GSM · ὕψιστοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependent→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as adjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependent.
29
εἰ δὲ καὶ ἐπιχαρὴς ἐγενόμην πτώματι ἐχθρῶν μου καὶ εἶπεν ἡ καρδία μου εὖγε
And if I became glad at the fall of my enemies and my heart said, 'Well done,'
Job's oath reaches even inward malice and schadenfreude.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιχαρὴςglad atA3H NSM · ἐπιχαρήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἐπιχαρής: meaning 'glad at'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγενόμηνI becameVBI AMI1S · γίγνομαιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγίγνομαι: meaning 'I became'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
πτώματιfallN3M DSN · πτῶμαdative complement within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπτῶμα: meaning 'fall'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
ἐχθρῶνenemyN2 GPM · ἐχθρόςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequence→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as proper name or indeclinable element within the sequence.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
εὖγεwell doneI · εὖγεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseεὖγε: meaning 'well done'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
30
ἀκούσαι ἄρα τὸ οὖς μου τὴν κατάραν μου θρυληθείην δὲ ἄρα ὑπὸ λαοῦ μου κακούμενος
then let my ear hear my curse; let me be made a byword among my people while suffering.
If he has inwardly cursed an enemy, let the curse return publicly upon himself.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἀκούσαιto hearVA AMD3S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀκούω: meaning 'to hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄραperhapsX · ἄραparticle softening the expectation→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἄρα: meaning 'perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὖςearN3T ASN · οὖςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseοὖς: meaning 'ear'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατάρανcurseN1A ASF · κατάραnominal term functioning as an accusative complement→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκατάρα: meaning 'curse'; it serves as nominal term functioning as an accusative complement.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
θρυληθείηνlet me be made a bywordVC APO1S · θρυλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseθρυλέω: meaning 'let me be made a byword'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄραperhapsX · ἄραparticle softening the expectation→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἄρα: meaning 'perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement→ relation marked by the governing prepositionὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
κακούμενοςbeing mistreatedV4 · πμπνσμ κακόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπμπνσμ κακόω: meaning 'being mistreated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
31
εἰ δὲ καὶ πολλάκις εἶπον αἱ θεράπαιναί μου τίς ἂν δῴη ἡμῖν τῶν σαρκῶν αὐτοῦ πλησθῆναι λίαν μου χρηστοῦ ὄντος
And if my maidservants often said, 'Who would give us to be filled with his flesh, while my lord is still kind?'
The house itself bears witness that Job did not cultivate a culture of devouring hatred.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πολλάκιςoftenD · πολλάκιςadverbial particle qualifying the assertion→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπολλάκις: meaning 'often'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπονsaidVBI AAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aorist of speakingεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
θεράπαιναίmaidservantsN1A NPF · θεραπαίναnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseθεραπαίνα: meaning 'maidservants'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἂνeverX · ἄνmodal particle with the subjunctive→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δῴηmay he giveVO AAO3S · δίδωμιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ optative verbal form expressing wish or possibilityδίδωμι: meaning 'may he give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complement→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form functioning as a dative complement.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σαρκῶνfleshN3K GPF · σάρξcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
πλησθῆναιto be filledVS APN · πίμπλημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπίμπλημι: meaning 'to be filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λίανgreatlyD · λίανadverbial modifier qualifying manner, time, degree, or discourse flow→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseλίαν: meaning 'greatly'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
χρηστοῦfineA1 GSM · χρηστόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependent→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseχρηστός: meaning 'fine'; it serves as adjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependent.
ὄντοςbeing / while wasV9 · παπγσμ εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπαπγσμ εἰμί: meaning 'being'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
32
ἔξω δὲ οὐκ ηὐλίζετο ξένος ἡ δὲ θύρα μου παντὶ ἐλθόντι ἀνέῳκτο
the stranger did not lodge outside; my door was opened to everyone who came.
Job denies inhospitable exclusion and presents his house as open to the traveler.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἔξωexoD · ἔξωproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἔξω: meaning 'exo'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ηὐλίζετοlodged outdoorsV1I IMI3S · αὐλίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseαὐλίζω: meaning 'lodged outdoors'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ξένοςforeignA1 NSM · ξένοςnominal element functioning in the nominative role of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseξένος: meaning 'foreign'; it serves as nominal element functioning in the nominative role of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θύραdoorN1A NSF · θύραnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseθύρα: meaning 'door'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ἐλθόντιcomingVB · ααπδσμ ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseααπδσμ ἔρχομαι: meaning 'coming'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνέῳκτοstood openVMI YPI3S · οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'stood open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
33
εἰ δὲ καὶ ἁμαρτὼν ἀκουσίως ἔκρυψα τὴν ἁμαρτίαν μου
And if, having sinned unintentionally, I hid my sin,
Even concealed guilt is brought into the oath: Job denies secret management of sin.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁμαρτὼνhaving sinnedVB · ααπνσμ ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseααπνσμ ἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'having sinned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀκουσίωςunintentionallyD · ἀκουσίωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀκουσίως: meaning 'unintentionally'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔκρυψαI hidVAI AAI1S · κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκρύπτω: meaning 'I hid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίανsinN1A ASF · ἁμαρτίαcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
34
οὐ γὰρ διετράπην πολυοχλίαν πλήθους τοῦ μὴ ἐξαγορεῦσαι ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν εἰ δὲ καὶ εἴασα ἀδύνατον ἐξελθεῖν θύραν μου κόλπῳ κενῷ
for I was not overawed by the crowd so as not to confess before them; and I did not allow the helpless to go out from my door with an empty bosom.
He denies both fear-driven concealment and the hard-hearted dismissal of the needy.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διετράπηνI was overawedVDI API1S · τρέπω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseτρέπω + δια: meaning 'I was overawed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πολυοχλίανcrowded multitudeN1A ASF · πολυοχλίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπολυοχλία: meaning 'crowded multitude'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πλήθουςplethosN3E GSN · πλῆθοςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπλῆθος: meaning 'plethos'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐξαγορεῦσαιto make confessionVA AAN · ἀγορεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀγορεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'to make confession'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴασαI allowedVAI AAI1S · ἐάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἐάω: meaning 'I allowed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀδύνατονimpossibleA1B ASM · ἀδύνατοςobject or complement within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἀδύνατος: meaning 'impossible'; it serves as object or complement within the clause.
ἐξελθεῖνgo outVB AAN · ἔρχομαι + ἐκfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aorist infinitiveἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'go out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
θύρανdoorN1A ASF · θύραnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseθύρα: meaning 'door'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
κόλπῳbosomN2 DSM · κόλποςdative element marking reference, sphere, instrument, or recipient within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκόλπος: meaning 'bosom'; it serves as dative element marking reference, sphere, instrument, or recipient within the clause.
κενῷemptyA1 DSM · κενόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκενός: meaning 'empty'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
35
τίς δῴη ἀκούοντά μου χεῖρα δὲ κυρίου εἰ μὴ ἐδεδοίκειν συγγραφὴν δέ ἣν εἶχον κατά τινος
Who will grant one to hear me? And as for the hand of the Lord, I did not fear the written charge that I had against someone.
The oath now becomes forensic challenge: Job wants an actual hearing and a written accusation.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δῴηmay he giveVO AAO3S · δίδωμιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ optative verbal form expressing wish or possibilityδίδωμι: meaning 'may he give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ἀκούοντάhearingV1 · παπασμ ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπαπασμ ἀκούω: meaning 'hearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐδεδοίκεινI was afraidVXI YAI1S · δείδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδείδω: meaning 'I was afraid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συγγραφὴνwritten chargeN1 ASF · συγγραφήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseσυγγραφή: meaning 'written charge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἣνwho / whomRR ASF · ὅςaccusative object or complement→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἣν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object or complement.
εἶχονthey hadV1I IAI3P · ἔχωverb completing the relative phrase about possessions→ imperfect of continuing stateἔχω: meaning 'they had'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb completing the relative phrase about possessions.
κατάagainstP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκατά: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τινοςsomeoneRI GSN · τιςgenitive element qualifying another term→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseτις: meaning 'someone'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
36
ἐπ' ὤμοις ἂν περιθέμενος στέφανον ἀνεγίνωσκον
Having placed it upon my shoulders, I would read it as a crown.
Far from hiding from accusation, Job says he would wear and read it openly.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὤμοιςshouldersN2 DPM · ὦμοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseὦμος: meaning 'shoulders'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἂνeverX · ἄνmodal particle with the subjunctive→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιθέμενοςplacing aroundVE · αμπνσμ τίθημι + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseαμπνσμ τίθημι + περι: meaning 'placing around'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
στέφανονcrownN2 ASM · στέφανοςdirect object of κεκομίσμεθα→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseστέφανος: meaning 'crown'; it serves as direct object of κεκομίσμεθα.
ἀνεγίνωσκονI would readV1I IAI1S · γιγνώσκω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγιγνώσκω + ἀνα: meaning 'I would read'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
37
καὶ εἰ μὴ ῥήξας αὐτὴν ἀπέδωκα οὐθὲν λαβὼν παρὰ χρεοφειλέτου
And if, after tearing it, I repaid nothing, having taken nothing from a debtor,
He denies predatory use of documents or leverage over debtors.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ῥήξαςhaving tornVA · ααπνσμ ῥήγνυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseααπνσμ ῥήγνυμι: meaning 'having torn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἀπέδωκαI repaidVAI AAI1S · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'I repaid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐθὲνnothingA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative object of the participle indicating absence of compensation→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseοὐδείς: meaning 'nothing'; it serves as accusative object of the participle indicating absence of compensation.
λαβὼνhaving takenVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνωparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the action→ verbal action framed by the clause contextααπνσμ λαμβάνω: meaning 'having taken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying or advancing the action.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
χρεοφειλέτουdebtorN1M GSM · χρεοφειλέτηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseχρεοφειλέτης: meaning 'debtor'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
38
εἰ ἐπ' ἐμοί ποτε ἡ γῆ ἐστέναξεν εἰ δὲ καὶ οἱ αὔλακες αὐτῆς ἔκλαυσαν ὁμοθυμαδόν
if ever the land groaned against me, and if its furrows wept together,
The last oath extends beyond people to the land itself, personified as a witness.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμοίIRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἐμοί: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element linking or specifying a noun phrase.
ποτεeverD · ποτέadverbial or connective modifier within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseποτε: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐστέναξενgroanedVAI AAI3S · στενάζωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseστενάζω: meaning 'groaned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὔλακεςfurrowsN3K NPM · αὖλαξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseαὖλαξ: meaning 'furrows'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἔκλαυσανweptVAI AAI3P · κλαίωmain verb of lament→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκλαίω: meaning 'wept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of lament.
ὁμοθυμαδόνall togetherD · ὁμοθυμαδόνAdverbial modifier→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseὁμοθυμαδόν: meaning 'all together'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
39
εἰ δὲ καὶ τὴν ἰσχὺν αὐτῆς ἔφαγον μόνος ἄνευ τιμῆς εἰ δὲ καὶ ψυχὴν κυρίου τῆς γῆς ἐκβαλὼν ἐλύπησα
and if I ate its strength alone without payment, and if by casting out the soul of the lord of the land I grieved him,
Job denies exploitative consumption of the land and oppressive treatment of its owner or laborer.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχὺνstrengthN3U ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἔφαγονeatsVBI AAI1S · ἐσθίωverb of indefinite relative clause (protasis)→ aorist verbal form portraying the action as a whole occurrenceἐσθίω: meaning 'eats'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of indefinite relative clause (protasis).
μόνοςaloneA1 NSM · μόνοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμόνος: meaning 'alone'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
ἄνευwithoutP · ἄνευpreposition governing the following phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἄνευ: meaning 'without'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τιμῆςhonorN1 GSF · τιμήdependent on ἀπό by coordination with φόρων→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseτιμή: meaning 'honor'; it serves as dependent on ἀπό by coordination with φόρων.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψυχὴνlifeN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ἐκβαλὼνcasting outVB · ααπνσμ βάλλω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseααπνσμ βάλλω + ἐκ: meaning 'casting out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐλύπησαI grievedVAI AAI1S · λυπέωfinite verbal form carrying the clause action or assertion→ aorist indicativeλυπέω: meaning 'I grieved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form carrying the clause action or assertion.
40
ἀντὶ πυροῦ ἄρα ἐξέλθοι μοι κνίδη ἀντὶ δὲ κριθῆς βάτος καὶ ἐπαύσατο Ιωβ ῥήμασιν
then let nettles come forth for me instead of wheat, and briars instead of barley. And Job ceased speaking.
The chapter ends with the final land-curse and the formal close of Job's defense.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἀντὶinstead ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀντὶ: meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
πυροῦwheatN2 GSM · πυρόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependent→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseπυρός: meaning 'wheat'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a genitive dependent.
ἄραperhapsX · ἄραparticle softening the expectation→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἄρα: meaning 'perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέλθοιmay it come forthVB AAO3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'may it come forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
κνίδηnettleN1 NSF · κνίδηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκνίδη: meaning 'nettle'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀντὶinstead ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀντὶ: meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κριθῆςof barleyN1 GSF · κριθήcommon noun within the clause→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseκριθή: meaning 'of barley'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
βάτοςbriarN2 NSF · βάτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseβάτος: meaning 'briar'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπαύσατοstopVAI AMI3S · παύωcircumstantial participle→ ingressive aorist middle marking cessationπαύω: meaning 'stop'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle.
ΙωβJobN NSM · Ιωβadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseΙωβ: meaning 'Job'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥήμασινwordsN3M DPN · ῥῆμαdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ oath of innocence and ethical self-defenseῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.