1
νυνὶ δὲ κατεγέλασάν μου ἐλάχιστοι νῦν νουθετοῦσίν με ἐν μέρει ὧν ἐξουδένουν πατέρας αὐτῶν οὓς οὐχ ἡγησάμην εἶναι ἀξίους κυνῶν τῶν ἐμῶν νομάδων
But now the least men laugh at me; now they reprove me in turn, men whose fathers I despised, whom I did not consider worthy to stand with the dogs of my flocks.
The chapter opens by reversing Job 29: men from the lowest social rank now mock the one once honored in the gate.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
νυνὶnowD · νυνίtemporal adverb marking the present turn in the speech→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultνυνί: meaning 'now'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατεγέλασάνlaughed atVAI AAI3P · γελάω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultγελάω + κατα: meaning 'laughed at'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐλάχιστοιthe leastA1 NPMS · ἐλαχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἐλαχύς: meaning 'the least'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse pivot to present applicationνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νουθετοῦσίνreproveV2 PAI3P · νουθετέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultνουθετέω: meaning 'reprove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μέρειpositionN3E DSN · μέροςdative complement within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμέρος: meaning 'position'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςrelative pronoun→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultὧν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun.
ἐξουδένουνdespisedV4 IAI1S · οὐδενόω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultοὐδενόω + ἐκ: meaning 'despised'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πατέραςfathersN3 APM · πατήρaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οὓςwho / whomRR APM · ὅςaccusative object or complement→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultοὓς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object or complement.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ simple negationοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἡγησάμηνconsiderVAI AMI1S · ἡγέομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἡγέομαι: meaning 'consider'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
εἶναιto beV9 PAN · εἰμίinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
ἀξίουςworthyA1A APM · ἄξιοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἄξιος: meaning 'worthy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
κυνῶνdogsN3 GPF · κύωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultκύων: meaning 'dogs'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐμῶνmyA1 GPF · ἐμόςgenitive nominal element expressing relation, possession, or qualification→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as genitive nominal element expressing relation, possession, or qualification.
νομάδωνherdsmenN3D GPF · νομάςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultνομάς: meaning 'herdsmen'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
2
καί γε ἰσχὺς χειρῶν αὐτῶν ἵνα τί μοι ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ἀπώλετο συντέλεια
Indeed, what use to me was the strength of their hands? Their full vigor had perished.
Job underscores the worthlessness of the people now presuming to stand over him.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καίandC · καίconnective linking the clause to the surrounding argument→ coordinationκαί: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γεindeedX · γέparticle or adverbial element shaping the clause or emphasis→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultγε: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰσχὺςstrengthN3U NSF · ἰσχύςnominal term functioning as a nominative term→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a nominative term.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive (source of the works)→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as genitive (source of the works).
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἀπώλετοperishedVBI AMI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a wholeὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'perished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
συντέλειαconsummationN1A NSF · συντέλειαsubject nominative→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultσυντέλεια: meaning 'consummation'; it serves as subject nominative.
3
ἐν ἐνδείᾳ καὶ λιμῷ ἄγονος οἱ φεύγοντες ἄνυδρον ἐχθὲς συνοχὴν καὶ ταλαιπωρίαν
In want and hunger they were barren, fleeing a waterless land, yesterday's distress and misery.
He sketches their background in images of sterility, famine, and desolate wandering.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐνδείᾳwantN1A DSF · ἔνδειαdative complement or reference term within the saying→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἔνδεια: meaning 'want'; it serves as dative complement or reference term within the saying.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λιμῷfamineN2 DSM · λιμόςdative of cause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultλιμός: meaning 'famine'; it serves as dative of cause.
ἄγονοςbarrenA1B NSM · ἄγονοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἄγονος: meaning 'barren'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φεύγοντεςthose fleeingV1 · παπνπμ φεύγωparticiple describing the state or intention of the participants→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultπαπνπμ φεύγω: meaning 'those fleeing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle describing the state or intention of the participants.
ἄνυδρονwaterlessA1B ASM · ἄνυδροςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἄνυδρος: meaning 'waterless'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement within the clause.
ἐχθὲςyesterdayD · χθέςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἐχθὲς: meaning 'yesterday'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνοχὴνsiegeN1 ASF · συνοχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultσυνοχή: meaning 'siege'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταλαιπωρίανmiseryN1A ASF · ταλαιπωρίαnominal element functioning within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultταλαιπωρία: meaning 'misery'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
4
οἱ περικλῶντες ἅλιμα ἐπὶ ἠχοῦντι οἵτινες ἅλιμα ἦν αὐτῶν τὰ σῖτα ἄτιμοι δὲ καὶ πεφαυλισμένοι ἐνδεεῖς παντὸς ἀγαθοῦ οἳ καὶ ῥίζας ξύλων ἐμασῶντο ὑπὸ λιμοῦ μεγάλου
They gathered saltwort upon the scrub; such salt plants were their food. They were dishonored and debased, lacking every good thing, and under great hunger they chewed the roots of trees.
The description intensifies: their diet and condition mark them as people pushed beneath ordinary human provision.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περικλῶντεςgatheringV1 · παπνπμ κλείω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultπαπνπμ κλείω + περι: meaning 'gathering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἅλιμαsaltwortA1B NPN · ἄλιμονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἄλιμον: meaning 'saltwort'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἠχοῦντιsounding scrubV1 · παπδσν ἠχώverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultπαπδσν ἠχώ: meaning 'sounding scrub'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἵτινεςwhoRX NPM · ὅστιςrelative pronoun introducing their defining quality→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultοἵτινες: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun introducing their defining quality.
ἅλιμαsaltwortA1B NPN · ἄλιμονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἄλιμον: meaning 'saltwort'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῖταbreadN2 APN · σῖτοςaccusative nominal element functioning as object or complement→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultσῖτος: meaning 'bread'; it serves as accusative nominal element functioning as object or complement.
ἄτιμοιdishonoredA1B NPM · ἄτιμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἄτιμος: meaning 'dishonored'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεφαυλισμένοιdebasedVT · χμπνπμ φαυλίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultχμπνπμ φαυλίζω: meaning 'debased'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνδεεῖςneedyA3H NPM · ἐνδεήςnominative element functioning within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἐνδεής: meaning 'needy'; it serves as nominative element functioning within the clause.
παντὸςallA3 GSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἀγαθοῦgoodA1 GSM · ἀγαθόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
οἳwho / whichRR NPM · ὅςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultοἳ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥίζαςrootsN1S APF · ῥίζαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultῥίζα: meaning 'roots'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ξύλωνtimber / woodN2N GPN · ξύλονgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultξύλον: meaning 'timber'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἐμασῶντοchewedV3I IMI3P · μασάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμασάω: meaning 'chewed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement→ relation marked by the governing prepositionὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement.
λιμοῦfamineN2 GSM · λιμόςcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultλιμός: meaning 'famine'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μεγάλουgreatA1 GSM · μέγαςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
5
ἐπανέστησάν μοι κλέπται
Thieves rose up against me.
The degraded crowd is summed up bluntly as hostile men rising against Job.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
ἐπανέστησάνrose upVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἐπι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἵστημι + ἐπι + ἀνα: meaning 'rose up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
κλέπταιthievesN1M NPM · κλέπτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultκλέπτης: meaning 'thieves'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
6
ὧν οἱ οἶκοι αὐτῶν ἦσαν τρῶγλαι πετρῶν
Their houses were caves in the rocks,
Their habitation completes the picture of exclusion from settled life.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςrelative pronoun→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultὧν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκοιhouseN2 NPM · οἶκοςnominative element functioning within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominative element functioning within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ imperfect of identification or stateεἰμί: meaning 'were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
τρῶγλαιcavesN1 NPF · τρώγληnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultτρώγλη: meaning 'caves'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πετρῶνstoneN2 GPM · πέτροςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultπέτρος: meaning 'stone'; it serves as genitive dependent within the phrase.
7
ἀνὰ μέσον εὐήχων βοήσονται οἳ ὑπὸ φρύγανα ἄγρια διῃτῶντο
among the bushes they cry out, those who lodged beneath the wild scrub.
Their existence is associated with animal-like noises and shelter under wild growth.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἀνὰbetweenP · ἀνάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀνὰ: meaning 'between'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASM · μέσοςcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
εὐήχωνbushesA3H GPM · εὐήχηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultεὐήχης: meaning 'bushes'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βοήσονταιcry aloudVF FMI3P · βοάωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ future middle indicativeβοάω: meaning 'cry aloud'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
οἳwho / whichRR NPM · ὅςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultοἳ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement→ relation marked by the governing prepositionὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement.
φρύγαναbrushwoodN2N APN · φρύγανονaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultφρύγανον: meaning 'brushwood'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἄγριαwildA1A APN · ἄγριοςadjectival element modifying or qualifying a nominal expression→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἄγριος: meaning 'wild'; it serves as adjectival element modifying or qualifying a nominal expression.
διῃτῶντοmade their lodgingV3I IMI3P · αἰτάω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultαἰτάω + δια: meaning 'made their lodging'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
8
ἀφρόνων υἱοὶ καὶ ἀτίμων ὄνομα καὶ κλέος ἐσβεσμένον ἀπὸ γῆς
They were sons of fools and of dishonored men, a name and renown extinguished from the earth.
The first movement closes by summarizing them as people without lasting name or honor.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀφρόνωνof foolsA3N GPM · ἄφρωνgenitive element marking relation, source, description, or possession within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἄφρων: meaning 'of fools'; it serves as genitive element marking relation, source, description, or possession within the clause.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀτίμωνdishonoredA1B GPM · ἄτιμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἄτιμος: meaning 'dishonored'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαhead noun in a naming formula→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as head noun in a naming formula.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κλέοςrenownN3E NSN · κλέοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultκλέος: meaning 'renown'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐσβεσμένονextinguishedVMI XPPNSNSBE/NNUMIverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἐσβεσμένον: meaning 'extinguished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
9
νυνὶ δὲ κιθάρα ἐγώ εἰμι αὐτῶν καὶ ἐμὲ θρύλημα ἔχουσιν
But now I have become their harp, and they make me their byword.
Job himself has become the entertainment and verbal target of the people he just described.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
νυνὶnowD · νυνίtemporal adverb marking the present turn in the speech→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultνυνί: meaning 'now'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κιθάραharpN1A NSF · κιθάραnominative element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultκιθάρα: meaning 'harp'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardεἰμί: meaning 'am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
θρύλημαbywordN3M ASN · θρύλημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultθρύλημα: meaning 'byword'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔχουσινεχωV1 PAI3P · ἔχωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἔχω: meaning 'εχω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
10
ἐβδελύξαντο δέ με ἀποστάντες μακράν ἀπὸ δὲ προσώπου μου οὐκ ἐφείσαντο πτύελον
They abhorred me; standing far off, they did not spare to spit before my face.
Their contempt is not hidden; it is enacted publicly through distance, disgust, and spitting.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐβδελύξαντοabhorVAI AMI3P · βδελύσσωFinite verb / predicate→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultβδελύσσω: meaning 'abhor'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀποστάντεςhaving departed fromVH · ααπνπμ ἵστημι + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, comparison, warning, or promise→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultααπνπμ ἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'having departed from'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, comparison, warning, or promise.
μακράνfarD · μακράνindeclinable modifier of βασιλέων→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμακράν: meaning 'far'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐφείσαντοepheisantoVAI AMI3P · φείδομαιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultφείδομαι: meaning 'epheisanto'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
πτύελονspittleN2 ASM · πτύελοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultπτύελος: meaning 'spittle'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
11
ἀνοίξας γὰρ φαρέτραν αὐτοῦ ἐκάκωσέν με καὶ χαλινὸν τοῦ προσώπου μου ἐξαπέστειλαν
For opening his quiver, he afflicted me, and they cast off the bridle from before my face.
The mockery is interpreted as enabled by a higher assault that has loosed restraint against Job.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀνοίξαςopeningVA · ααπνσμ οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultααπνσμ οἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'opening'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φαρέτρανquiverN1A ASF · φαρέτραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultφαρέτρα: meaning 'quiver'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐκάκωσένafflictedVAI AAI3S · κακόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultκακόω: meaning 'afflicted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χαλινὸνbridleN2 ASM · χαλινόςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultχαλινός: meaning 'bridle'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐξαπέστειλανdispatchVAI AAI3P · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποmain finite verb of the clause→ constative aorist presenting the event as a wholeστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'dispatch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main finite verb of the clause.
12
ἐπὶ δεξιῶν βλαστοῦ ἐπανέστησαν πόδα αὐτῶν ἐξέτειναν καὶ ὡδοποίησαν ἐπ' ἐμὲ τρίβους ἀπωλείας αὐτῶν
At the right hand of this brood they rose up; they stretched out their foot and made against me paths of their destruction.
The contempt becomes organized aggression, as if an attacking force were laying out roads of ruin toward him.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δεξιῶνrightA1A GPM · δεξιόςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδεξιός: meaning 'right'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
βλαστοῦbroodN2 GSM · βλαστόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultβλαστός: meaning 'brood'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπανέστησανhad failed / risen upVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἐπι + ἀναmain verb (Eli's eyes grow dim)→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἵστημι + ἐπι + ἀνα: meaning 'had failed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Eli's eyes grow dim).
πόδαfootN3D ASM · πούςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐξέτεινανrushed forward / deployedVAI AAI3P · τείνω + ἐκfinite verb heading the accusation→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultτείνω + ἐκ: meaning 'rushed forward'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb heading the accusation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡδοποίησανmade a roadVAI AAI3P · ὁδοποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultὁδοποιέω: meaning 'made a road'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τρίβουςpathsN2 APF · τρίβοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultτρίβος: meaning 'paths'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀπωλείαςdestructionN1A APF · ἀπώλειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
13
ἐξετρίβησαν τρίβοι μου ἐξέδυσεν γάρ μου τὴν στολήν
My paths were torn up, for he stripped off my garment.
Job's ordered way of life has been ripped apart, and even his clothing becomes an image of exposure.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἐξετρίβησανwere torn upVD API3P · τρίβω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultτρίβω + ἐκ: meaning 'were torn up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τρίβοιtracksN2 NPF · τρίβοςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultτρίβος: meaning 'tracks'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐξέδυσενstripped offVAI AAI3S · δύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδύω + ἐκ: meaning 'stripped off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γάρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relation→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολήνgarmentN1 ASF · στολήaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultστολή: meaning 'garment'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
14
βέλεσιν αὐτοῦ κατηκόντισέν με κέχρηταί μοι ὡς βούλεται ἐν ὀδύναις πέφυρμαι
With his missiles he pierced me; he has used me as he wished; in pains I have been confounded.
The violence is now personalized: Job feels handled at will and left in bodily confusion.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
βέλεσινarrowN3E DPN · βέλοςnominative (exclamatory predicate: 'an arrow of …')→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultβέλος: meaning 'arrow'; it serves as nominative (exclamatory predicate: 'an arrow of …').
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
κατηκόντισένpiercedVAI AAI3S · ἀκοντίζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἀκοντίζω + κατα: meaning 'pierced'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
κέχρηταίhas usedVM XMI3S · χράομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultχράομαι: meaning 'has used'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
βούλεταιhe wishesV1 PMI3S · βούλομαιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present middleβούλομαι: meaning 'he wishes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὀδύναιςpainN1 DPF · ὀδύνηdative complement within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultὀδύνη: meaning 'pain'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
πέφυρμαιI have been confoundedVM XMI1S · φύρομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultφύρομαι: meaning 'I have been confounded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
15
ἐπιστρέφονται δέ μου αἱ ὀδύναι ᾤχετό μου ἡ ἐλπὶς ὥσπερ πνεῦμα καὶ ὥσπερ νέφος ἡ σωτηρία μου
My pains turn back upon me; my hope has gone like the wind, and my salvation like a cloud.
Inner agony and vanished hope now replace the earlier social humiliation.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἐπιστρέφονταιturn backV1 PMI3P · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turn back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὀδύναιpainsN1 NPF · ὀδύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultὀδύνη: meaning 'pains'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ᾤχετόhas goneV1I IMI3S · οἴχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultοἴχομαι: meaning 'has gone'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλπὶςhopeN3D NSF · ἐλπίςnominative nominal functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἐλπίς: meaning 'hope'; it serves as nominative nominal functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
νέφοςcloudN3E ASN · νέφοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultνέφος: meaning 'cloud'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτηρίαdeliveranceN1A NSF · σωτηρίαnominative subject / predicate element in the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultσωτηρία: meaning 'deliverance'; it serves as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
16
καὶ νῦν ἐπ' ἐμὲ ἐκχυθήσεται ἡ ψυχή μου ἔχουσιν δέ με ἡμέραι ὀδυνῶν
And now my soul will be poured out upon me; days of pains seize me.
Job speaks of his very life draining away while pain takes hold of his days.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse pivot to present applicationνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐκχυθήσεταιshall be poured outVC FPI3S · χέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultχέω + ἐκ: meaning 'shall be poured out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἔχουσινεχωV1 PAI3P · ἔχωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἔχω: meaning 'εχω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἡμέραιdayN1A NPF · ἡμέραhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
ὀδυνῶνpainsN1 GPF · ὀδύνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultὀδύνη: meaning 'pains'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
17
νυκτὶ δέ μου τὰ ὀστᾶ συγκέκαυται τὰ δὲ νεῦρά μου διαλέλυται
By night my bones are burned, and my sinews are loosed.
The suffering invades the night and is described in terms of internal combustion and dissolution.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
νυκτὶnightN3 DSF · νύξdative of time→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultνύξ: meaning 'night'; it serves as dative of time.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀστᾶbonesN2N NPN · ὀστέονcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
συγκέκαυταιare burnedVM XPI3S · καίω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultκαίω + συν: meaning 'are burned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νεῦράsinewsN2N NPN · νεῦρονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultνεῦρον: meaning 'sinews'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
διαλέλυταιare loosedVM XPI3S · λύω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultλύω + δια: meaning 'are loosed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
18
ἐν πολλῇ ἰσχύι ἐπελάβετό μου τῆς στολῆς ὥσπερ τὸ περιστόμιον τοῦ χιτῶνός μου περιέσχεν με
With great force he seized my garment; like the collar of my tunic it encircled me.
His affliction clings to him like clothing tightened around the throat.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πολλῇgreatA1 DSF · πολύςadjectival modifier of δυνάμει→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultπολύς: meaning 'great'; it serves as adjectival modifier of δυνάμει.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἐπελάβετόseizedVBI AMI3S · λαμβάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultλαμβάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'seized'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολῆςgarmentN1 GSF · στολήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultστολή: meaning 'garment'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περιστόμιονcollarN2N ASN · περιστόμιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultπεριστόμιον: meaning 'collar'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χιτῶνόςtunicN3W GSM · χιτώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultχιτών: meaning 'tunic'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
περιέσχενhe overlaidVBI AAI3S · ἔχω + περιfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἔχω + περι: meaning 'he overlaid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate advancing the narrative.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
19
ἥγησαι δέ με ἴσα πηλῷ ἐν γῇ καὶ σποδῷ μου ἡ μερίς
You counted me equal with clay in the ground, and my portion is in dust and ashes.
The lament turns directly toward God: Job feels reduced to earthlike worthlessness and mortality.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἥγησαιcountedVM XMI2S · ἡγέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἡγέομαι: meaning 'counted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἴσαequalD · ἴσοςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἴσα: meaning 'equal'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πηλῷclayN2 DSM · πηλόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultπηλός: meaning 'clay'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σποδῷashesN2 DSF · σποδόςdative element marking reference, means, location, or advantage→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultσποδός: meaning 'ashes'; it serves as dative element marking reference, means, location, or advantage.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μερίςportionN3D NSF · μερίςnominative nominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμερίς: meaning 'portion'; it serves as nominative nominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
20
κέκραγα δὲ πρὸς σὲ καὶ οὐκ εἰσακούεις μου ἔστησαν καὶ κατενόησάν με
I cry out to you, and you do not hear me; they stood and looked intently at me.
Unanswered prayer and exposed suffering stand side by side in the verse.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
κέκραγαI cry outVX XAI1S · κράζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultκράζω: meaning 'I cry out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
σὲyouRP AS · σύacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εἰσακούειςyou hearV1 PAI2S · ἀκούω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'you hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἔστησανstoodVAI AAI3P · ἵστημιverbal element advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementἵστημι: meaning 'stood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατενόησάνlooked intentlyVAI AAI3P · νοέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultνοέω + κατα: meaning 'looked intently'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
21
ἐπέβης δέ μοι ἀνελεημόνως χειρὶ κραταιᾷ με ἐμαστίγωσας
You came upon me mercilessly; with a mighty hand you scourged me.
Job now names God directly as the relentless agent behind his affliction.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἐπέβηςcame uponVZI AAI2S · βαίνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultβαίνω + ἐπι: meaning 'came upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀνελεημόνωςmercilesslyD · ἀνελεημόνωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἀνελεημόνως: meaning 'mercilessly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
κραταιᾷkrataiosA1A DSF · κραταιόςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultκραταιός: meaning 'krataios'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐμαστίγωσαςyou scourgedVAI AAI2S · μαστιγόωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμαστιγόω: meaning 'you scourged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
22
ἔταξας δέ με ἐν ὀδύναις καὶ ἀπέρριψάς με ἀπὸ σωτηρίας
You set me in pains and cast me away from deliverance.
The charge is sharpened: Job sees himself deliberately assigned to suffering rather than rescue.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἔταξαςsetVAI AAI2S · τάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultτάσσω: meaning 'set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὀδύναιςpainN1 DPF · ὀδύνηdative complement within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultὀδύνη: meaning 'pain'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέρριψάςyou castVAI AAI2S · ῥίπτω + ἀποmain verb (direct address, divine action recalled)→ constative aorist (single decisive act of casting)ῥίπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'you cast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (direct address, divine action recalled).
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σωτηρίαςsalvationN1A GSF · σωτηρίαgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultσωτηρία: meaning 'salvation'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
23
οἶδα γὰρ ὅτι θάνατός με ἐκτρίψει οἰκία γὰρ παντὶ θνητῷ γῆ
For I know that death will grind me down, for the earth is a house for every mortal.
His accusation is grounded in the conviction that he is being driven toward the universal house of death.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οἶδαI knowVX XAI1S · οἶδαmain verb introducing Mattathias's judgment→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultοἶδα: meaning 'I know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb introducing Mattathias's judgment.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θάνατόςdeathN2 NSM · θάνατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐκτρίψειshall scourVF FAI3S · τρίβω + ἐκcognate dative (Hebraism: emphatic infinitive absolute)→ predictionτρίβω + ἐκ: meaning 'shall scour'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as cognate dative (Hebraism: emphatic infinitive absolute).
οἰκίαοἰκίαN1A NSF · οἰκίαnominative term functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultοἰκία: meaning 'οἰκία'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
θνητῷmortalA1 DSM · θνητόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultθνητός: meaning 'mortal'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
24
εἰ γὰρ ὄφελον δυναίμην ἐμαυτὸν χειρώσασθαι ἢ δεηθείς γε ἑτέρου καὶ ποιήσει μοι τοῦτο
If only I might lay hands on myself, or, having begged another, he would do this for me.
The lament reaches a desperate wish for an end that he cannot give himself.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄφελονif onlyVB AAI1S · ὀφείλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultὀφείλω: meaning 'if only'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δυναίμηνwas ableV6 PMO1S · δύναμαιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδύναμαι: meaning 'was able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐμαυτὸνmyselfRD ASM · ἐμαυτοῦpronoun functioning as object or complement→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἐμαυτὸν: meaning 'myself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
χειρώσασθαιbe capturedVA AMN · χειρόομαιfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultχειρόομαι: meaning 'be captured'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate advancing the narrative.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεηθείςhaving beggedVC · αππνσμ δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultαππνσμ δέω: meaning 'having begged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γεindeedX · γέparticle or adverbial element shaping the clause or emphasis→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultγε: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑτέρουotherA1A GSM · ἕτεροςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἕτερος: meaning 'other'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειwill makeVF FAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardποιέω: meaning 'will make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
25
ἐγὼ δὲ ἐπὶ παντὶ ἀδυνάτῳ ἔκλαυσα ἐστέναξα δὲ ἰδὼν ἄνδρα ἐν ἀνάγκαις
Yet I wept over every helpless one; I groaned when I saw a man in distress.
Job defends his character by recalling his former compassion for the weak.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ἀδυνάτῳweak personA1B DSM · ἀδύνατοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἀδύνατος: meaning 'weak person'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔκλαυσαI weptVAI AAI1S · κλαίωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultκλαίω: meaning 'I wept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or command of the clause.
ἐστέναξαgroanedVAI AAI1S · στενάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultστενάζω: meaning 'groaned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδὼνhaving seenVB · ααπνσμ ὁράωcircumstantial participle preceding Lysias' decision→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultααπνσμ ὁράω: meaning 'having seen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle preceding Lysias' decision.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀνάγκαιςconstraintsN1 DPF · ἀνάγκηdative element marking reference, means, location, or advantage→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἀνάγκη: meaning 'constraints'; it serves as dative element marking reference, means, location, or advantage.
26
ἐγὼ δὲ ἐπέχων ἀγαθοῖς ἰδοὺ συνήντησάν μοι μᾶλλον ἡμέραι κακῶν
But while I waited for good things, behold, days of evils came upon me instead.
His lived outcome stands in bitter contrast to both his hopes and his conduct.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέχωνwaiting forV1 · παπνσμ ἔχω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultπαπνσμ ἔχω + ἐπι: meaning 'waiting for'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγαθοῖςgoodA1 DPM · ἀγαθόςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse markerἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
συνήντησάνcame uponVAI AAI3P · ἀντάω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἀντάω + συν: meaning 'came upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
μᾶλλονratherD · μᾶλλονadverbial modifier of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμᾶλλον: meaning 'rather'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἡμέραιdayN1A NPF · ἡμέραhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
κακῶνwrongsA1 GPN · κακόςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultκακός: meaning 'wrongs'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
27
ἡ κοιλία μου ἐξέζεσεν καὶ οὐ σιωπήσεται προέφθασάν με ἡμέραι πτωχείας
My belly boiled and will not be silent; days of poverty came before me.
The misery is internal, audible, and relentless, as poverty overtakes him in advance.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλίαbelly / wombN1A NSF · κοιλίαcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultκοιλία: meaning 'belly'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐξέζεσενboiledVAI AAI3S · ζέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultζέω + ἐκ: meaning 'boiled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
σιωπήσεταιshall keep silenceVF FMI3S · σιωπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultσιωπάω: meaning 'shall keep silence'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
προέφθασάνcame beforeVAI AAI3P · φθάνω + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultφθάνω + προ: meaning 'came before'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἡμέραιdayN1A NPF · ἡμέραhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
πτωχείαςpovertyN1A GSF · πτωχείαnoun functioning within the clause or phrase→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultπτωχεία: meaning 'poverty'; it serves as noun functioning within the clause or phrase.
28
στένων πεπόρευμαι ἄνευ φιμοῦ ἕστηκα δὲ ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ κεκραγώς
Groaning, I have gone about without restraint; I stood in the assembly crying out.
Job's suffering is no private murmur; it follows him through public space and erupts in open cry.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
στένωνgroaningV1 · παπνσμ στένωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultπαπνσμ στένω: meaning 'groaning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πεπόρευμαιI have gone aboutVM XMI1S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultπορεύομαι: meaning 'I have gone about'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνευwithoutP · ἄνευpreposition governing the following phrase→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἄνευ: meaning 'without'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
φιμοῦmuzzleN2 GSM · φιμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultφιμός: meaning 'muzzle'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἕστηκαI stoodVXI XAI1S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἵστημι: meaning 'I stood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐκκλησίᾳassemblyN1A DSF · ἐκκλησίαdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἐκκλησία: meaning 'assembly'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
κεκραγώςcrying outVX · χαπνσμ κράζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultχαπνσμ κράζω: meaning 'crying out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
29
ἀδελφὸς γέγονα σειρήνων ἑταῖρος δὲ στρουθῶν
I have become a brother of sirens and a companion of ostriches.
His companionship is now imagined with desert creatures associated with eerie mourning.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ἀδελφὸςbrotherN2 NSM · ἀδελφόςhead noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
γέγοναhave becomeVX XAI1S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultγίγνομαι: meaning 'have become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σειρήνωνsirenN3 GPF · σειρήνgenitive nominal element qualifying another term within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultσειρήν: meaning 'siren'; it serves as genitive nominal element qualifying another term within the clause.
ἑταῖροςcompanionN2 NSM · ἑταῖροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the saying→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἑταῖρος: meaning 'companion'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the saying.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στρουθῶνsparrowN2 GPM · στρουθόςgenitive nominal element qualifying another term within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultστρουθός: meaning 'sparrow'; it serves as genitive nominal element qualifying another term within the clause.
30
τὸ δὲ δέρμα μου ἐσκότωται μεγάλως τὰ δὲ ὀστᾶ μου ἀπὸ καύματος
My skin has grown very dark, and my bones are scorched from heat.
The chapter closes its bodily portrait with skin and bones marked by consuming heat.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέρμαskinN3M NSN · δέρμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδέρμα: meaning 'skin'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐσκότωταιhas grown darkVMI XPI3S · σκοτόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultσκοτόω: meaning 'has grown dark'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεγάλωςgreatlyD · μεγάλωςadverb→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμεγάλως: meaning 'greatly'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀστᾶbonesN2N NPN · ὀστέονcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
καύματοςheatN3M GSN · καῦμαgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifier→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultκαῦμα: meaning 'heat'; it serves as genitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifier.
31
ἀπέβη δὲ εἰς πάθος μου ἡ κιθάρα ὁ δὲ ψαλμός μου εἰς κλαυθμὸν ἐμοί
My harp has turned to mourning, and my song to weeping for me.
The last line seals the total reversal from festive music to personal lament.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἀπέβηhas turnedVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultβαίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'has turned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πάθοςsufferingN3E ASN · πάθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultπάθος: meaning 'suffering'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιθάραharpN1A NSF · κιθάραnominative element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultκιθάρα: meaning 'harp'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψαλμόςsongN2 NSM · ψαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultψαλμός: meaning 'song'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κλαυθμὸνweepingN2 ASM · κλαυθμόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or governed complement→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultκλαυθμός: meaning 'weeping'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or governed complement.
ἐμοίIRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phrase→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultἐμοί: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element linking or specifying a noun phrase.