1
ἔστιν γὰρ ἀργυρίῳ τόπος ὅθεν γίνεται τόπος δὲ χρυσίῳ ὅθεν διηθεῖται
For silver has a place from which it comes, and gold has a place from which it is refined.
The poem opens by noting that precious metals have discoverable earthly sources and processes.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀργυρίῳsilverN2N DSN · ἀργύριονcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τόποςplaceN2 NSM · τόποςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ὅθενthereforeD · ὅθενadverbial modifier of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordὅθεν: meaning 'therefore'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
γίνεταιbecomesV1 PMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verb (impersonal temporal formula)→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoing or immediateγίγνομαι: meaning 'becomes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (impersonal temporal formula).
τόποςplaceN2 NSM · τόποςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρυσίῳgoldN2N DSN · χρυσίονdative complement within the clause or phrase→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
ὅθενthereforeD · ὅθενadverbial modifier of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordὅθεν: meaning 'therefore'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
διηθεῖταιis refinedV2 AMI3S · ἠθέω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἠθέω + δια: meaning 'is refined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
2
σίδηρος μὲν γὰρ ἐκ γῆς γίνεται χαλκὸς δὲ ἴσα λίθῳ λατομεῖται
For iron comes from the earth, and bronze is quarried like stone.
Another pair of metals extends the catalogue of human extraction from the earth.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
σίδηροςironN2 NSM · σίδηροςsubject (with χαλκός: 'iron and bronze')→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordσίδηρος: meaning 'iron'; it serves as subject (with χαλκός: 'iron and bronze').
μὲνindeedX · μένparticle or connective shaping the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
γίνεταιbecomesV1 PMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verb (impersonal temporal formula)→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoing or immediateγίγνομαι: meaning 'becomes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (impersonal temporal formula).
χαλκὸςbronzeN2 NSM · χαλκόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordχαλκός: meaning 'bronze'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴσαequal toD · ἴσοςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἴσα: meaning 'equal to'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λίθῳwith stoneN2 DSM · λίθοςdative of material or means→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordλίθος: meaning 'with stone'; it serves as dative of material or means.
λατομεῖταιis quarriedV2 PMI3S · λατομέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordλατομέω: meaning 'is quarried'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
3
τάξιν ἔθετο σκότει καὶ πᾶν πέρας αὐτὸς ἐξακριβάζεται λίθος σκοτία καὶ σκιὰ θανάτου
He has set an order to darkness, and he himself searches out every limit, a stone of gloom and shadow of death.
The miner pushes into regions of darkness and deathlike obscurity to examine the hidden edge of the earth.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
τάξινformN3I ASF · τάξιςAccusative object with ἔχοντος describing the well's state.→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordτάξις: meaning 'form'; it serves as Accusative object with ἔχοντος describing the well's state.
ἔθετοplace / appointVEI AMI3S · τίθημιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
σκότειdarknessN3E DSN · σκότοςdative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordσκότος: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as dative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνallA3 NSN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
πέραςendN3T NSN · πέραςnominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordπέρας: meaning 'end'; it serves as nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐξακριβάζεταιsearches out exactlyV1 PMI3S · ἀκριβαζομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἀκριβαζομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'searches out exactly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λίθοςstoneN2 NSM · λίθοςcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordλίθος: meaning 'stone'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
σκοτίαdarknessN1A NSF · σκοτίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordσκοτία: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκιὰshadowN1A NSF · σκιάnominative term in clause/list→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordσκιά: meaning 'shadow'; it serves as nominative term in clause/list.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive of quality / destiny (with υἱός: 'son of death')→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as genitive of quality / destiny (with υἱός: 'son of death').
4
διακοπὴ χειμάρρου ἀπὸ κονίας οἱ δὲ ἐπιλανθανόμενοι ὁδὸν δικαίαν ἠσθένησαν ἐκ βροτῶν
A channel of a torrent is cut through the dust, and those who forget the straight path have grown weak away from mortals.
The underground labor is described as a severing from ordinary human pathways and the dusty surface world.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
διακοπὴcutting throughN1 NSF · διακοπήἀnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordδιακοπήἀ: meaning 'cutting through'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χειμάρρουχειμάρρουςN2 GSM · χειμάρρουςGenitive modifier→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordχειμάρρους: meaning 'χειμάρρους'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κονίαςdustN1A GSF · κονίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordκονία: meaning 'dust'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιλανθανόμενοιforgettingV1 · πμπνπμ λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordπμπνπμ λανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'forgetting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁδὸνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordὁδὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαίανjustA1A ASF · δίκαιοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordδίκαιος: meaning 'just'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
ἠσθένησανgrew faintVAI AAI3P · ἀσθενέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἀσθενέω: meaning 'grew faint'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
βροτῶνmortalsN2 GPM · βροτόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordβροτός: meaning 'mortals'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
5
γῆ ἐξ αὐτῆς ἐξελεύσεται ἄρτος ὑποκάτω αὐτῆς ἐστράφη ὡσεὶ πῦρ
From the earth bread will come forth, but beneath it all has been overturned as if by fire.
The same earth that yields ordinary sustenance on the surface is violently turned over below for hidden wealth.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἐξελεύσεταιshall come forthVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verb (prophetic prediction)→ future middle verbal form projecting a coming actionἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'shall come forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (prophetic prediction).
ἄρτοςbreadN2 NSM · ἄρτοςnominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἄρτος: meaning 'bread'; it serves as nominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
ὑποκάτωunderD · ὑποκάτωpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordὑποκάτω: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἐστράφηwas turnedVDI API3S · στρέφωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordστρέφω: meaning 'was turned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ὡσεὶaboutD · ὡσείadverbial particle modifying the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordὡσεὶ: meaning 'about'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πῦρfireN3 NSN · πῦρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
6
τόπος σαπφείρου οἱ λίθοι αὐτῆς καὶ χῶμα χρυσίον αὐτῷ
Its stones are the place of sapphire, and its dust has gold in it.
Even the soil and stones of the earth are imagined as holding precious splendor.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
τόποςplaceN2 NSM · τόποςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
σαπφείρουsapphireN2 GSF · σάπφειροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordσάπφειρος: meaning 'sapphire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λίθοιstoneN2 NPM · λίθοςnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordλίθος: meaning 'stone'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning within the clause.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χῶμαdust / soilN3M NSN · χῶμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordχῶμα: meaning 'dust'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χρυσίονgoldN2N NSN · χρυσίονnominal term functioning as a nominative term→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a nominative term.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
7
τρίβος οὐκ ἔγνω αὐτὴν πετεινόν καὶ οὐ παρέβλεψεν αὐτὴν ὀφθαλμὸς γυπός
No bird has known its path, nor has the eye of the vulture looked upon it.
Human exploration reaches a hidden track inaccessible even to creatures famed for sharp sight.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τρίβοςpathN2 NSF · τρίβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordτρίβος: meaning 'path'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔγνωlearnedVZI AAI3S · γιγνώσκωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeγιγνώσκω: meaning 'learned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
πετεινόνbirdN2N NSN · πετεινόνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordπετεινόν: meaning 'bird'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
παρέβλεψενlooked uponVAI AAI3S · βλέπω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordβλέπω + παρα: meaning 'looked upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ὀφθαλμὸςeyeN2 NSM · ὀφθαλμόςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
γυπόςvultureN3P GSM · γύψgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordγύψ: meaning 'vulture'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
8
οὐκ ἐπάτησαν αὐτὴν υἱοὶ ἀλαζόνων οὐ παρῆλθεν ἐπ' αὐτῆς λέων
The sons of the proud have not trodden it, nor has a lion passed over it.
Neither arrogant human strength nor the power of wild beasts claims this hidden way.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπάτησανhave troddenVAI AAI3P · πατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordπατέω: meaning 'have trodden'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἀλαζόνωνof the proudN3N GPM · ἀλαζώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἀλαζών: meaning 'of the proud'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
παρῆλθενἔρχομαιVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + παραparticiple contributing circumstance, manner, or description→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἔρχομαι + παρα: meaning 'ἔρχομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing circumstance, manner, or description.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
λέωνlionN3W NSM · λέωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordλέων: meaning 'lion'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
9
ἐν ἀκροτόμῳ ἐξέτεινεν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ κατέστρεψεν δὲ ἐκ ῥιζῶν ὄρη
He stretched out his hand against the sharp edge and overturned mountains from the roots.
Human labor appears almost Promethean here, reaching into rock faces and mountain foundations.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀκροτόμῳsharp rockA1B DSM · ἀκρότομοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἀκρότομος: meaning 'sharp rock'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐξέτεινενstretched outVAI AAI3S · τείνω + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeτείνω + ἐκ: meaning 'stretched out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
κατέστρεψεν+ kataVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + καταfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aorist (completed act of destruction)στρέφω + κατα: meaning '+ kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ῥιζῶνof rootsN1S GPF · ῥίζαnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordῥίζα: meaning 'of roots'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
ὄρηmountainN3E APN · ὄροςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause.
10
δίνας δὲ ποταμῶν ἔρρηξεν πᾶν δὲ ἔντιμον εἶδέν μου ὁ ὀφθαλμός
He broke open the whirlings of rivers, and my eye saw every precious thing.
The point of the labor is disclosure: hidden channels are opened so that valuable things come into view.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
δίναςwhirlingsN1 APF · δίνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordδίνη: meaning 'whirlings'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποταμῶνriverN2 GPM · ποταμόςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
ἔρρηξενbroke openVAI AAI3S · ῥήγνυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordῥήγνυμι: meaning 'broke open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶνall / everyA3 ASN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔντιμονprecious thingA1B ASN · ἔντιμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἔντιμος: meaning 'precious thing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἶδένsawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμόςeyeN2 NSM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
11
βάθη δὲ ποταμῶν ἀνεκάλυψεν ἔδειξεν δὲ ἑαυτοῦ δύναμιν εἰς φῶς
He uncovered the depths of rivers and brought his own power to light.
The mining sequence culminates in revelation: what is hidden in the deep is forced into the light.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
βάθηdepthsN3E APN · βάθοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordβάθος: meaning 'depths'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποταμῶνriverN2 GPM · ποταμόςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
ἀνεκάλυψενuncoveredVAI AAI3S · καλύπτω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordκαλύπτω + ἀνα: meaning 'uncovered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔδειξενshowVAI AAI3S · δεικνύωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationδεικνύω: meaning 'show'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronoun referring within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring within the clause.
δύναμινforce / powerN3I ASF · δύναμιςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative element functioning as object, goal, or extent→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, goal, or extent.
12
ἡ δὲ σοφία πόθεν εὑρέθη ποῖος δὲ τόπος ἐστὶν τῆς ἐπιστήμης
But wisdom, from where was it found? And what place is there for understanding?
The poem pivots from human power to the deeper question that power cannot answer.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative term functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
πόθενwhere fromD · πόθενinterrogative adverb (source)→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordπόθεν: meaning 'where from'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
εὑρέθηfindVC API3S · εὑρίσκωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ perfectiveεὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ποῖοςwhat sort ofA1A NSM · ποῖοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordποῖος: meaning 'what sort of'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τόποςplaceN2 NSM · τόποςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ἐστὶνeimiV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ present of identificationεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιστήμηςknowledgeN1 GSF · ἐπιστήμηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἐπιστήμη: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
13
οὐκ οἶδεν βροτὸς ὁδὸν αὐτῆς οὐδὲ μὴ εὑρεθῇ ἐν ἀνθρώποις
A mortal does not know its way, nor can it be found among human beings.
The first answer is negative: wisdom lies beyond the reach of ordinary human discovery.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
οἶδενknowsVX XAI3S · οἶδαverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordοἶδα: meaning 'knows'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βροτὸςmortalN2 NSM · βροτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordβροτός: meaning 'mortal'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁδὸνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordὁδὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εὑρεθῇfindVC APS3S · εὑρίσκωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeεὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀνθρώποιςhuman beingN2 DPM · ἄνθρωποςdative complement / reference or instrument→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἄνθρωπος: meaning 'human being'; it serves as dative complement / reference or instrument.
14
ἄβυσσος εἶπεν οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἐμοί καὶ θάλασσα εἶπεν οὐκ ἔστιν μετ' ἐμοῦ
The abyss said, It is not in me; and the sea said, It is not with me.
Even the great cosmic depths deny possession of wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἄβυσσοςabyssN2 NSF · ἄβυσσοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἄβυσσος: meaning 'abyss'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμοίIRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phrase→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἐμοί: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element linking or specifying a noun phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θάλασσαseaN1S NSF · θάλασσαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
15
οὐ δώσει συγκλεισμὸν ἀντ' αὐτῆς καὶ οὐ σταθήσεται ἀργύριον ἀντάλλαγμα αὐτῆς
No enclosure will be given in exchange for it, nor will silver stand as its price.
The poem turns from location to value: wisdom cannot be bought or substituted.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
δώσειgiveVF FAI3S · δίδωμιmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause.
συγκλεισμὸνenclosureN2 ASM · συγκλεισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordσυγκλεισμός: meaning 'enclosure'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀντ'in place ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing its complement→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀντ': meaning 'in place of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
σταθήσεταιwill standVC FPI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἵστημι: meaning 'will stand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονaccusative complement→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as accusative complement.
ἀντάλλαγμαexchange-priceN3M ASN · ἀντάλλαγμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἀντάλλαγμα: meaning 'exchange-price'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
16
καὶ οὐ συμβασταχθήσεται χρυσίῳ Ωφιρ ἐν ὄνυχι τιμίῳ καὶ σαπφείρῳ
Nor will it be weighed with the gold of Ophir, with precious onyx and sapphire.
Exotic gold and elite jewels still fail as measures of wisdom's worth.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
συμβασταχθήσεταιwill be weighed togetherVS FPI3S · βαστάζω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordβαστάζω + συν: meaning 'will be weighed together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χρυσίῳgoldN2N DSN · χρυσίονdative complement within the clause or phrase→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
ΩφιρOphirN GSM · Ωφιρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ hidden wisdom and fear of the LordΩφιρ: meaning 'Ophir'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὄνυχιonyxN3 DSM · ὄνυξdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordὄνυξ: meaning 'onyx'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τιμίῳpreciousA1A DSM · τίμιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordτίμιος: meaning 'precious'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σαπφείρῳwith sapphireN2 DSF · σάπφειροςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordσάπφειρος: meaning 'with sapphire'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
17
οὐκ ἰσωθήσεται αὐτῇ χρυσίον καὶ ὕαλος καὶ τὸ ἄλλαγμα αὐτῆς σκεύη χρυσᾶ
Gold and glass will not be equal to it, and its exchange is not with golden vessels.
Even refined beauty and luxury workmanship cannot match wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἰσωθήσεταιwill be equalVC FPI3S · ἰσόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἰσόω: meaning 'will be equal'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase.
χρυσίονgoldN2N NSN · χρυσίονnominal term functioning as a nominative term→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a nominative term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὕαλοςglassN2 NSF · ὕαλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordὕαλος: meaning 'glass'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄλλαγμαexchangeN3M NSN · ἄλλαγμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἄλλαγμα: meaning 'exchange'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
σκεύηimplementsN3E NPN · σκεῦοςcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordσκεῦος: meaning 'implements'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
χρυσᾶgoldenA1C NPN · χρυσοῦςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordχρυσοῦς: meaning 'golden'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
18
μετέωρα καὶ γαβις οὐ μνησθήσεται καὶ ἕλκυσον σοφίαν ὑπὲρ τὰ ἐσώτατα
Things on high and gabis will not be remembered; draw wisdom above the innermost things.
The list peaks in obscure and elevated valuables only to dismiss them before wisdom's superiority.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μετέωραlofty thingsA1B NPN · μετέωροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordμετέωρος: meaning 'lofty things'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γαβιςgabisN NS · γαβιςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordγαβις: meaning 'gabis'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μνησθήσεταιhe will rememberVS FPI3S · μιμνήσκωmain verb giving the reason for urgency→ future middle/passive indicativeμιμνήσκω: meaning 'he will remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb giving the reason for urgency.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕλκυσονdraw / reckonVA AAD2S · ἕλκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἕλκω: meaning 'draw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐσώταταinnermost thingsA1 APNS · ἐσώτατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἐσώτατος: meaning 'innermost things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
19
οὐκ ἰσωθήσεται αὐτῇ τοπάζιον Αἰθιοπίας χρυσίῳ καθαρῷ οὐ συμβασταχθήσεται
The topaz of Ethiopia will not be equal to it; it will not be weighed with pure gold.
A final named gemstone and pure gold still fail to provide any adequate comparison.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἰσωθήσεταιwill be equalVC FPI3S · ἰσόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἰσόω: meaning 'will be equal'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase.
τοπάζιονtopazN2N NSN · τοπάζιονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordτοπάζιον: meaning 'topaz'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΑἰθιοπίαςEthiopiaN1A GSF · Αἰθιοπίαgenitive dependent modifier / possession relation→ hidden wisdom and fear of the LordΑἰθιοπίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
χρυσίῳgoldN2N DSN · χρυσίονdative complement within the clause or phrase→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
καθαρῷpureA1A DSN · καθαρόςdative complement within the clause or phrase→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordκαθαρός: meaning 'pure'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
συμβασταχθήσεταιwill be weighed togetherVS FPI3S · βαστάζω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordβαστάζω + συν: meaning 'will be weighed together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
20
ἡ δὲ σοφία πόθεν εὑρέθη ποῖος δὲ τόπος ἐστὶν τῆς συνέσεως
But wisdom, from where was it found? And what place is there for insight?
The refrain repeats to drive the poem from negation toward its theological answer.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative term functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
πόθενwhere fromD · πόθενinterrogative adverb (source)→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordπόθεν: meaning 'where from'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
εὑρέθηfindVC API3S · εὑρίσκωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ perfectiveεὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ποῖοςwhat sort ofA1A NSM · ποῖοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordποῖος: meaning 'what sort of'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τόποςplaceN2 NSM · τόποςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ἐστὶνeimiV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ present of identificationεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συνέσεωςunderstandingN3I GSF · σύνεσιςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordσύνεσις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
21
λέληθεν πάντα ἄνθρωπον καὶ ἀπὸ πετεινῶν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐκρύβη
It has escaped every human being, and it has been hidden from the birds of heaven.
Wisdom is hidden alike from humanity and the highest-seeing creatures.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
λέληθενhas escaped notice ofVX XAI3S · λανθάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordλανθάνω: meaning 'has escaped notice of'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἄνθρωπονmanN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative object of πρός→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative object of πρός.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πετεινῶνbirdsN2N GPN · πετεινόνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordπετεινόν: meaning 'birds'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐκρύβηwas hiddenVDI API3S · κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordκρύπτω: meaning 'was hidden'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
22
ἡ ἀπώλεια καὶ ὁ θάνατος εἶπαν ἀκηκόαμεν δὲ αὐτῆς τὸ κλέος
Destruction and death said, We have heard its fame with our ears.
Even the underworld powers know wisdom only by report, not by possession.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπώλειαdestructionN1A NSF · ἀπώλειαnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάνατοςdeathN2 NSM · θάνατοςsubject of συναντήσῃ (first of two feared outcomes)→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as subject of συναντήσῃ (first of two feared outcomes).
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἀκηκόαμενwe have heardVX XAI1P · ἀκούωmain verb of reported knowledge→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἀκούω: meaning 'we have heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of reported knowledge.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλέοςfameN3E ASN · κλέοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordκλέος: meaning 'fame'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
23
ὁ θεὸς εὖ συνέστησεν αὐτῆς τὴν ὁδόν αὐτὸς δὲ οἶδεν τὸν τόπον αὐτῆς
God has rightly understood its way, and he himself knows its place.
The riddle resolves in God: wisdom belongs to his knowledge alone.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
εὖwellD · εὖadverb (with ποιῆσαι: 'to do good')→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordεὖ: meaning 'well'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
συνέστησενpresentedVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + συνFinite verb describing formal introduction→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἵστημι + συν: meaning 'presented'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb describing formal introduction.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδόνroadN2 ASF · ὁδόςnominal term functioning in a acc relation→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordὁδός: meaning 'road'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a acc relation.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶδενknowsVX XAI3S · οἶδαverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordοἶδα: meaning 'knows'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπονplaceN2 ASM · τόποςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
24
αὐτὸς γὰρ τὴν ὑπ' οὐρανὸν πᾶσαν ἐφορᾷ εἰδὼς τὰ ἐν τῇ γῇ πάντα ἃ ἐποίησεν
For he looks upon everything under heaven, knowing all the things in the earth, all that he made.
God's universal vision grounds his exclusive knowledge of wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπ'byP · ὑπόpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordὑπ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐφορᾷlook uponV3 PAI3S · ὁράω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ present verbal form portraying ongoing or immediate actionὁράω + ἐπι: meaning 'look upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
εἰδὼςknowingVX · χαπνσμ οἶδαverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordχαπνσμ οἶδα: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
25
ἀνέμων σταθμὸν ὕδατός τε μέτρα
He assigned a weight to the winds and measures to the water.
The chapter moves from hidden treasures to the measured order of creation itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
ἀνέμωνwindsN2 GPM · ἄνεμοςgenitive modifier→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἄνεμος: meaning 'winds'; it serves as genitive modifier.
σταθμὸνweightN2 ASM · σταθμόςaccusative complement→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordσταθμός: meaning 'weight'; it serves as accusative complement.
ὕδατόςof waterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordὕδωρ: meaning 'of water'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τεandX TEparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μέτραmeasureN2N APN · μέτρονaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordμέτρον: meaning 'measure'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
26
ὅτε ἐποίησεν οὕτως ὑετὸν ἠρίθμησεν καὶ ὁδὸν ἐν τινάγματι φωνάς
When he made the rain in this way, he numbered it, and he made a path in the shaking voices.
Rain and thunder alike are portrayed as ordered by divine wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relation→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordὅτε: meaning 'when'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ὑετὸνὑετόςN2 ASM · ὑετόςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordὑετός: meaning 'ὑετός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
ἠρίθμησενnumber / countVAI AAI3S · ἀριθμέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἀριθμέω: meaning 'number'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁδὸνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordὁδὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τινάγματιshakingN3M DSN · τινάγμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordτινάγμα: meaning 'shaking'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
φωνάςvoices / soundsN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordφωνή: meaning 'voices'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
27
τότε εἶδεν αὐτὴν καὶ ἐξηγήσατο αὐτήν ἑτοιμάσας ἐξιχνίασεν
Then he saw it and declared it; having prepared it, he searched it out.
Wisdom is not discovered by human searching but established and articulated by God.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceτότε: meaning 'then'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
εἶδενsawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξηγήσατοdeclared fullyVAI AMI3S · ἡγέομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἡγέομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'declared fully'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἑτοιμάσαςhaving preparedVA · ααπνσμ ἑτοιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordααπνσμ ἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'having prepared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξιχνίασενsearched outVA AAI3S · ἰχνεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἰχνεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'searched out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
28
εἶπεν δὲ ἀνθρώπῳ ἰδοὺ ἡ θεοσέβειά ἐστιν σοφία τὸ δὲ ἀπέχεσθαι ἀπὸ κακῶν ἐστιν ἐπιστήμη
And he said to the human being, Behold, godliness is wisdom, and to abstain from evils is understanding.
The poem ends with wisdom translated into human vocation: reverence and moral refusal of evil.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνθρώπῳmanN2 DSM · ἄνθρωποςdative complement→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative complement.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse markerἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοσέβειάgodliness / fear of GodN1A NSF · θεοσεβείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordθεοσεβεία: meaning 'godliness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative term functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέχεσθαιkeep awayV1 PMN · ἔχω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἔχω + ἀπο: meaning 'keep away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κακῶνevilsA1 GPM · κακόςgenitive substantive after μιμνῄσκομαι→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordκακός: meaning 'evils'; it serves as genitive substantive after μιμνῄσκομαι.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ἐπιστήμηunderstanding / knowledgeN1 NSF · ἐπιστήμηnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἐπιστήμη: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.