1
ὑπολαβὼν δὲ Ελιους λέγει
Then Elihu took up the matter and says,
Elihu reenters the debate formally, taking up the argument again after his first reply.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
ὑπολαβὼνsupposeVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ὑποparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ὑπο: meaning 'suppose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλιουςElihuN NSM · Ελιουςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodΕλιους: meaning 'Elihu'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
2
ἀκούσατέ μου σοφοί ἐπιστάμενοι ἐνωτίζεσθε τὸ καλόν
Hear me, you wise men; you who understand, give ear to what is good.
He broadens the audience beyond Job and calls discerning hearers to attend as judges.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ἀκούσατέheardVA AAD2P · ἀκούωimperative verb→ aoristic commandἀκούω: meaning 'heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperative verb.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
σοφοίwiseA1 NPM · σοφόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ἐπιστάμενοιunderstandingV6 · πμπνπμ ἵστημι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπμπνπμ ἵστημι + ἐπι: meaning 'understanding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνωτίζεσθεgive earV1 PMD2P · ὠτίζομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action or dependent verbal sense of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodὠτίζομαι + ἐν: meaning 'give ear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or dependent verbal sense of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καλόνgoodA1 ASM · καλόςpredicate adjective in the praise formula→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodκαλός: meaning 'good'; it serves as predicate adjective in the praise formula.
3
ὅτι οὖς λόγους δοκιμάζει καὶ λάρυγξ γεύεται βρῶσιν
For the ear tests words, and the throat tastes food.
A wisdom analogy justifies careful evaluation: speech should be tested as food is tasted.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὖςearN3K NSN · οὖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodοὖς: meaning 'ear'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
δοκιμάζειtestsV1 PAI3S · δοκιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδοκιμάζω: meaning 'tests'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λάρυγξthroatN3G NSM · λάρυγξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodλάρυγξ: meaning 'throat'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γεύεταιtastesV1 PMI3S · γεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodγεύω: meaning 'tastes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βρῶσινfoodN3I ASF · βρῶσιςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodβρῶσις: meaning 'food'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause.
4
κρίσιν ἑλώμεθα ἑαυτοῖς γνῶμεν ἀνὰ μέσον ἑαυτῶν ὅ τι καλόν
Let us choose judgment for ourselves; let us know among ourselves what is good.
Elihu invites a shared act of discernment about what true justice requires.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἑλώμεθαlet us chooseVBI AMS1P · αἱρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodαἱρέω: meaning 'let us choose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἑαυτοῖςhimself / themselvesRD DPM · ἑαυτοῦdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἑαυτοῖς: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
γνῶμενwe may knowVZ AAS1P · γιγνώσκωparticiple modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal force→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodγιγνώσκω: meaning 'we may know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying a noun or supplying descriptive verbal force.
ἀνὰbetweenP · ἀνάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀνὰ: meaning 'between'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASM · μέσοςcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἑαυτῶνthemselvesRD GPM · ἑαυτοῦgenitive dependent modifier / possession relation→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'themselves'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ὅwhichRR ASN · ὅςaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodὅ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
τιanythingRI ASN · τιςaccusative object of ὑφεῖλεν (the withheld thing — nothing)→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodτι: meaning 'anything'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of ὑφεῖλεν (the withheld thing — nothing).
καλόνgoodA1 ASN · καλόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodκαλός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
5
ὅτι εἴρηκεν Ιωβ δίκαιός εἰμι ὁ κύριος ἀπήλλαξέν μου τὸ κρίμα
For Job has said, “I am righteous, yet the Lord has taken away my judgment.”
The accusation Elihu wants examined is Job’s claim that righteousness has met with denied justice.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴρηκενsaidVX XAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb governing the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb governing the clause.
ΙωβJobN NSM · Ιωβadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodΙωβ: meaning 'Job'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δίκαιόςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardεἰμί: meaning 'am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἀπήλλαξένhas taken awayVAI AAI3S · ἀλλάσσω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἀλλάσσω + ἀπο: meaning 'has taken away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
6
ἐψεύσατο δὲ τῷ κρίματί μου βίαιον τὸ βέλος μου ἄνευ ἀδικίας
And he has lied in my judgment; my wound is violent, though there is no injustice.
Elihu hears Job as saying that his grievous wound contradicts the justice of his case.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐψεύσατοproved falseVAI AMI3S · ψεύδωmain verb exposing Demetrius' duplicity→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodψεύδω: meaning 'proved false'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb exposing Demetrius' duplicity.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίματίjudgmentN3M DSN · κρίμαdative term marking relation, means, sphere, or reference→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as dative term marking relation, means, sphere, or reference.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
βίαιονviolentA1A ASN · βίαιοςadjectival element modifying or qualifying a nominal expression→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodβίαιος: meaning 'violent'; it serves as adjectival element modifying or qualifying a nominal expression.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βέλοςarrowN3E ASN · βέλοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodβέλος: meaning 'arrow'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἄνευwithoutP · ἄνευpreposition governing the following phrase→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἄνευ: meaning 'without'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀδικίαςinjusticeN1A GSF · ἀδικίαgenitive object of ὑπέρ→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἀδικία: meaning 'injustice'; it serves as genitive object of ὑπέρ.
7
τίς ἀνὴρ ὥσπερ Ιωβ πίνων μυκτηρισμὸν ὥσπερ ὕδωρ
What man is like Job, drinking mockery like water,
The rhetoric sharpens as Elihu portrays Job as one who absorbs derision effortlessly.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ΙωβJobN NSM · Ιωβadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodΙωβ: meaning 'Job'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πίνωνpinoV1 · παπνσμ πίνωverbal element advancing the action or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπαπνσμ πίνω: meaning 'pino'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the action or state of the clause.
μυκτηρισμὸνmykterismosN2 ASM · μυκτηρισμόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or extent→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodμυκτηρισμός: meaning 'mykterismos'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or extent.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ὕδωρwaterN3 NSN · ὕδωρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
8
οὐχ ἁμαρτὼν οὐδὲ ἀσεβήσας ἢ ὁδοῦ κοινωνήσας μετὰ ποιούντων τὰ ἄνομα τοῦ πορευθῆναι μετὰ ἀσεβῶν
who has not sinned nor acted impiously, yet has shared the road with those who do lawless things, to go with the ungodly?
Job’s words are said to place him in moral company with workers of lawlessness.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
οὐχnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ simple negationοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἁμαρτὼνhaving sinnedVB · ααπνσμ ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodααπνσμ ἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'having sinned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβήσαςhaving acted impiouslyVA · ααπνσμ ἀσεβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodααπνσμ ἀσεβέω: meaning 'having acted impiously'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁδοῦroadN2 GSF · ὁδόςgenitive object of ἐκ (the way departed from)→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodὁδός: meaning 'road'; it serves as genitive object of ἐκ (the way departed from).
κοινωνήσαςhaving sharedVA · ααπνσμ κοινωνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodααπνσμ κοινωνέω: meaning 'having shared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ποιούντωνdo / makeV2 · παπγπμ ποιέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπαπγπμ ποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνομαlawlessA1B APN · ἄνομοςattributive adjective describing τινες→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἄνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as attributive adjective describing τινες.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πορευθῆναιto goVC APN · πορεύομαιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionπορεύομαι: meaning 'to go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
9
μὴ γὰρ εἴπῃς ὅτι οὐκ ἔσται ἐπισκοπὴ ἀνδρός καὶ ἐπισκοπὴ αὐτῷ παρὰ κυρίου
For do not say, “There will be no visitation of a man, nor any visitation for him from the Lord.”
Elihu warns against the implication that God never reviews or visits a human life in judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴπῃςyou may sayVB AAS2S · εἶπονverb of the relative clause→ aoristεἶπον: meaning 'you may say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of the relative clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐπισκοπὴvisitationN1 NSF · ἐπισκοπήnominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἐπισκοπή: meaning 'visitation'; it serves as nominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
ἀνδρόςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive element marking relation, possession, source, or description within the phrase→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive element marking relation, possession, source, or description within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπισκοπὴvisitationN1 NSF · ἐπισκοπήnominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἐπισκοπή: meaning 'visitation'; it serves as nominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
10
διό συνετοὶ καρδίας ἀκούσατέ μου μή μοι εἴη ἔναντι κυρίου ἀσεβῆσαι καὶ ἔναντι παντοκράτορος ταράξαι τὸ δίκαιον
Therefore, you men of understanding, hear me: far be it from the Lord to do impiety, and from the Almighty to disturb what is just.
The core thesis is stated plainly: wickedness and the perversion of justice are unthinkable for God.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
διόthereforeC · διόconnective or modifier structuring the clause in context→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδιό: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνετοὶunderstandingA1 VPM · συνετόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodσυνετός: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive dependent→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive dependent.
ἀκούσατέheardVA AAD2P · ἀκούωimperative verb→ aoristic commandἀκούω: meaning 'heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperative verb.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
μήnotD · μήadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relation→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodμή: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
εἴηwere / would beV9 PAO3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionεἰμί: meaning 'were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἔναντι: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἀσεβῆσαιto act impiouslyVA AAN · ἀσεβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἀσεβέω: meaning 'to act impiously'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἔναντι: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
παντοκράτοροςAlmightyN3R GSM · παντοκράτωρgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
ταράξαιtarassoVA AAN · ταράσσωverbal element advancing the action or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodταράσσω: meaning 'tarasso'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the action or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δίκαιονrighteousA1A ASN · δίκαιοςobject or complement within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as object or complement within the clause.
11
ἀλλὰ ἀποδιδοῖ ἀνθρώπῳ καθὰ ποιεῖ ἕκαστος αὐτῶν καὶ ἐν τρίβῳ ἀνδρὸς εὑρήσει αὐτόν
Rather, he repays a man according to what each of them does, and in a man’s path he will find him.
Divine government is described as fitting recompense that meets a person on his own course.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunction→ coordinationἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποδιδοῖrepaysV8 PAO3S · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'repays'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνθρώπῳmanN2 DSM · ἄνθρωποςdative complement→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative complement.
καθὰκαθάD · καθάAdverbial modifier→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodκαθά: meaning 'καθά'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ποιεῖdo / makeV2 PAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ present verbal form presenting ongoing or immediate actionποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τρίβῳpathN2 DSM · τρίβοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodτρίβος: meaning 'path'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
εὑρήσειwill findVF FAI3S · εὑρίσκωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodεὑρίσκω: meaning 'will find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
12
οἴῃ δὲ τὸν κύριον ἄτοπα ποιήσειν ἢ ὁ παντοκράτωρ ταράξει κρίσιν
Do you think that the Lord will do absurd things, or that the Almighty will overturn judgment?
Elihu presses the audience to deny that God could act irrationally or subvert justice.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οἴῃdo you thinkV1 PAS3S · οἴομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodοἴομαι: meaning 'do you think'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἄτοπαabsurd thingsA1B APN · ἄτοποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἄτοπος: meaning 'absurd things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποιήσεινto makeVF FAN · ποιέωverbal element expressing action, process, or state within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodποιέω: meaning 'to make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element expressing action, process, or state within the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ταράξειwill overturnVF FAI3S · ταράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodταράσσω: meaning 'will overturn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
13
ὃς ἐποίησεν τὴν γῆν τίς δέ ἐστιν ὁ ποιῶν τὴν ὑπ' οὐρανὸν καὶ τὰ ἐνόντα πάντα
Who made the earth? And who is the one making all that is under heaven, all things that exist?
The argument turns to creation: the maker of all cannot be treated as though subject to another judge.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodὅς: meaning 'who'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιῶνdoing / workingV2 · παπνσμ ποιέωsubstantival/attributive participle ('the one who does wonders')→ imperfective present participle (habitual practice)παπνσμ ποιέω: meaning 'doing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as substantival/attributive participle ('the one who does wonders').
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπ'byP · ὑπόpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodὑπ': meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνόνταexistingV9 · παπαπν εἰμί + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπαπαπν εἰμί + ἐν: meaning 'existing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
14
εἰ γὰρ βούλοιτο συνέχειν καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα παρ' αὐτῷ κατασχεῖν
For if he should wish to restrain and keep to himself the spirit that is with him,
Elihu imagines what would happen if God withdrew the animating gift he now lends.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βούλοιτοhe wishedV1 PMO3S · βούλομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause's action or assertion→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodβούλομαι: meaning 'he wished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause's action or assertion.
συνέχειν+ sunV1 PAN · ἔχω + συνinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἔχω + συν: meaning '+ sun'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose form within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause.
παρ'withP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπαρ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
κατασχεῖνto repair / hold firmVB AAN · ἔχω + καταinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἔχω + κατα: meaning 'to repair'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
15
τελευτήσει πᾶσα σὰρξ ὁμοθυμαδόν πᾶς δὲ βροτὸς εἰς γῆν ἀπελεύσεται ὅθεν καὶ ἐπλάσθη
all flesh would perish together, and every mortal would depart into the earth from which he too was formed.
The consequence is universal mortality: every creature would collapse back into dust.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
τελευτήσειshall dieVF FAI3S · τελευτάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodτελευτάω: meaning 'shall die'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
σὰρξfleshN3K NSF · σάρξcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὁμοθυμαδόνall togetherD · ὁμοθυμαδόνAdverbial modifier→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodὁμοθυμαδόν: meaning 'all together'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βροτὸςmortalN2 NSM · βροτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodβροτός: meaning 'mortal'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἀπελεύσεταιhe will departVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἀποverbal element carrying the clause’s action, process, command, or state→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἔρχομαι + ἀπο: meaning 'he will depart'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause’s action, process, command, or state.
ὅθενthereforeD · ὅθενadverbial modifier of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodὅθεν: meaning 'therefore'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπλάσθηwas formedVSI API3S · πλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπλάσσω: meaning 'was formed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
16
εἰ δὲ μὴ νουθετῇ ἄκουε ταῦτα ἐνωτίζου φωνὴν ῥημάτων
But if he does not admonish, hear these things; give ear to the sound of the words.
Elihu calls for renewed attention before carrying the argument further.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
νουθετῇadmonishesV2 PAS3S · νουθετέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodνουθετέω: meaning 'admonishes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄκουεhearV1 PAD2S · ἀκούωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ durative present imperative (continual hearing/obeying)ἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνωτίζουinV1 PMD2S · ὠτίζομαι + ἐνmain verbal form advancing the clause→ middle verbal form highlighting the subject's participation in the actionὠτίζομαι + ἐν: meaning 'in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήhead noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ῥημάτωνof wordsN3M GPN · ῥῆμαgenitive (defining φωνήν: 'a voice consisting of words')→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodῥῆμα: meaning 'of words'; it serves as genitive (defining φωνήν: 'a voice consisting of words').
17
ἰδὲ σὺ τὸν μισοῦντα ἄνομα καὶ τὸν ὀλλύντα τοὺς πονηροὺς ὄντα αἰώνιον δίκαιον
See whether one who hates lawless things, and who destroys the wicked, can be everlasting and righteous.
The challenge is to reckon with a God whose enduring righteousness is shown in his opposition to evil.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἰδὲseeVB AAD2S · ὁράωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ aoristic commandὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
σὺyouRP NS · σύnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μισοῦνταhatingV2 · παπασμ μισέωattributive participle modifying Νικάνορα→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπαπασμ μισέω: meaning 'hating'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as attributive participle modifying Νικάνορα.
ἄνομαlawlessA1B APN · ἄνομοςattributive adjective describing τινες→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἄνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as attributive adjective describing τινες.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀλλύνταdestroyingV5 · παπασμ ὄλλυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπαπασμ ὄλλυμι: meaning 'destroying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πονηροὺςwickedA1A APM · πονηρόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement in the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπονηρός: meaning 'wicked'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement in the clause.
ὄνταontaV9 · παπασμ εἰμίparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance→ verbal action framed by the clause contextπαπασμ εἰμί: meaning 'onta'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
αἰώνιονeternalA1B ASM · αἰώνιοςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodαἰώνιος: meaning 'eternal'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
δίκαιονrighteousA1A ASM · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the proverb→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the proverb.
18
ἀσεβὴς ὁ λέγων βασιλεῖ παρανομεῖς ἀσεβέστατε τοῖς ἄρχουσιν
He is impious, the one who says to a king, “You transgress,” or, “Most impious one,” to rulers.
Elihu uses the etiquette of speaking to rulers to underline how reckless it is to accuse higher authority.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἀσεβὴςungodlyA3H NSM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the proverb→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the proverb.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal action in summary styleπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
παρανομεῖςyou transgressV2 PAI2S · νομέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodνομέω + παρα: meaning 'you transgress'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀσεβέστατεmost ungodlyA3H VSMS · ἀσεβήςnominal or adjectival element functioning according to its inflection and local clause role→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἀσεβής: meaning 'most ungodly'; it serves as nominal or adjectival element functioning according to its inflection and local clause role.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχουσινrulerN3 DPM · ἄρχωνhead noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἄρχων: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
19
ὃς οὐκ ἐπῃσχύνθη πρόσωπον ἐντίμου οὐδὲ οἶδεν τιμὴν θέσθαι ἁδροῖς θαυμασθῆναι πρόσωπα αὐτῶν
He who did not feel shame before the face of an honored man, and did not know to assign honor to the mighty, so as to marvel at their persons.
God is portrayed as free from the face-regard that distorts merely human judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodὅς: meaning 'who'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπῃσχύνθηfelt shameVCI API3S · αἰσχύνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodαἰσχύνω + ἐπι: meaning 'felt shame'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἐντίμουhonored manA1B GSM · ἔντιμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἔντιμος: meaning 'honored man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶδενknowsVX XAI3S · οἶδαverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodοἶδα: meaning 'knows'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τιμὴνhonorN1 ASF · τιμήdirect object of δώσεις→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodτιμή: meaning 'honor'; it serves as direct object of δώσεις.
θέσθαιto placeVE AMN · τίθημιverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodτίθημι: meaning 'to place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
ἁδροῖςmightyA1A DPM · ἁδρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἁδρός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θαυμασθῆναιto marvel atVS APN · θαυμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodθαυμάζω: meaning 'to marvel at'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόσωπαfacesN2N APN · πρόσωπονdirect object of δείξητε→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπρόσωπον: meaning 'faces'; it serves as direct object of δείξητε.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
20
κενὰ δὲ αὐτοῖς ἀποβήσεται τὸ κεκραγέναι καὶ δεῖσθαι ἀνδρός ἐχρήσαντο γὰρ παρανόμως ἐκκλινομένων ἀδυνάτων
And it will turn out empty for them, their crying out and entreating a man, for they acted lawlessly while the weak were being turned aside.
The pleas of the wicked fail because their own conduct against the weak condemns them.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
κενὰempty thingsA1 APN · κενόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodκενός: meaning 'empty things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀποβήσεταιἀποβήσεταιVF FMI3S · βαίνω + ἀποverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodβαίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'ἀποβήσεται'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεκραγέναιto cry outVX XAN · κράζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodκράζω: meaning 'to cry out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεῖσθαιto entreatV2 PMN · δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδέω: meaning 'to entreat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνδρόςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive element marking relation, possession, source, or description within the phrase→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive element marking relation, possession, source, or description within the phrase.
ἐχρήσαντοactedVAI AMI3P · χράωverbal element carrying the clause's action or process→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodχράω: meaning 'acted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρανόμωςlawlesslyD · παρανόμωςconnective, article, pronoun, preposition, or other helper element shaping the clause or phrase relation→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπαρανόμως: meaning 'lawlessly'; here it marks the relation signaled by connective, article, pronoun, preposition, or other helper element shaping the clause or phrase relation.
ἐκκλινομένωνbeing turned asideV1 · πμπγπμ κλίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπμπγπμ κλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'being turned aside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀδυνάτωνweak onesA1B GPM · ἀδύνατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἀδύνατος: meaning 'weak ones'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
21
αὐτὸς γὰρ ὁρατής ἐστιν ἔργων ἀνθρώπων λέληθεν δὲ αὐτὸν οὐδὲν ὧν πράσσουσιν
For he himself is a watcher of the works of men, and nothing they do escapes him.
The theological ground for judgment is God’s complete sight of human deeds.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁρατήςwatcherN1M NSM · ὁρατήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodὁρατής: meaning 'watcher'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ἔργωνworks / laboursN2N GPN · ἔργονcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἀνθρώπωνman / human beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
λέληθενescapesVX XAI3S · λανθάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodλανθάνω: meaning 'escapes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
οὐδὲνnothingA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative subject-like object of the impersonal opposition clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodοὐδείς: meaning 'nothing'; it serves as accusative subject-like object of the impersonal opposition clause.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςrelative pronoun→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodὧν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun.
πράσσουσινdoV1 PAI3P · πράσσωmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπράσσω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
22
οὐδὲ ἔσται τόπος τοῦ κρυβῆναι τοὺς ποιοῦντας τὰ ἄνομα
Nor will there be a place to hide those who do lawless things.
If nothing escapes his sight, then no refuge remains for workers of lawlessness.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τόποςplaceN2 NSM · τόποςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρυβῆναιto be hiddenVD APN · κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodκρύπτω: meaning 'to be hidden'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιοῦνταςdoingV2 · παπαπμ ποιέωparticiple modifying the surrounding clause or participant→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπαπαπμ ποιέω: meaning 'doing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the surrounding clause or participant.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνομαlawlessA1B APN · ἄνομοςattributive adjective describing τινες→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἄνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as attributive adjective describing τινες.
23
ὅτι οὐκ ἐπ' ἄνδρα θήσει ἔτι ὁ γὰρ κύριος πάντας ἐφορᾷ
For he will not lay anything further upon a man, since the Lord watches over all.
God needs no prolonged inquiry or additional procedure because all lives already lie open before him.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
θήσειshall makeVF FAI3S · τίθημιFinite verb / predicate→ futureτίθημι: meaning 'shall make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
ἐφορᾷlook uponV3 PAI3S · ὁράω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ present verbal form portraying ongoing or immediate actionὁράω + ἐπι: meaning 'look upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
24
ὁ καταλαμβάνων ἀνεξιχνίαστα ἔνδοξά τε καὶ ἐξαίσια ὧν οὐκ ἔστιν ἀριθμός
He is the one who seizes incomprehensible, glorious, and extraordinary things, of which there is no number.
Elihu expands from judgment to sheer divine magnitude and unsearchable works.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταλαμβάνωνseizingV1 · παπνσμ λαμβάνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπαπνσμ λαμβάνω + κατα: meaning 'seizing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνεξιχνίασταunsearchable thingsA1B APN · ἀνεξιχνίαστοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἀνεξιχνίαστος: meaning 'unsearchable things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔνδοξάglorious thingsA1B APN · ἔνδοξοςadjectival element qualifying the surrounding noun or phrase→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἔνδοξος: meaning 'glorious things'; it serves as adjectival element qualifying the surrounding noun or phrase.
τεandX TEparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαίσιαextraordinary thingsA1B APN · ἐξαίσιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἐξαίσιος: meaning 'extraordinary things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςrelative pronoun→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodὧν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἀριθμόςnumberN2 NSM · ἀριθμόςcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἀριθμός: meaning 'number'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
25
ὁ γνωρίζων αὐτῶν τὰ ἔργα καὶ στρέψει νύκτα καὶ ταπεινωθήσονται
He knows their works, and he will turn night, and they will be humbled.
The hidden dark in which the wicked move is itself reversed into the scene of their humiliation.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γνωρίζωνknowingV1 · παπνσμ γνωρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπαπνσμ γνωρίζω: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στρέψειwill turnVF FAI3S · στρέφωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodστρέφω: meaning 'will turn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νύκταnightN3 ASF · νύξnominal term functioning in a acc relation→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodνύξ: meaning 'night'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a acc relation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταπεινωθήσονταιhumbleVC FPI3P · ταπεινόωmain verbal form carrying the clause's exhortation, portrayal, or conclusion→ futureταπεινόω: meaning 'humble'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause's exhortation, portrayal, or conclusion.
26
ἔσβεσεν δὲ ἀσεβεῖς ὁρατοὶ δὲ ἐναντίον αὐτοῦ
And he extinguished the ungodly, plainly visible before him.
The downfall of the ungodly is depicted as an open extinguishing before God’s face.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ἔσβεσενextinguishedVAI AAI3S · σβέννυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodσβέννυμι: meaning 'extinguished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβεῖςungodlyA3H APM · ἀσεβήςdirect object of ἐξωλέθρευσεν→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as direct object of ἐξωλέθρευσεν.
ὁρατοὶvisibleA1 NPM · ὁρατόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodὁρατός: meaning 'visible'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
27
ὅτι ἐξέκλιναν ἐκ νόμου θεοῦ δικαιώματα δὲ αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐπέγνωσαν
Because they turned aside from the law of God, and did not recognize his ordinances.
Their destruction has a moral cause: departure from God’s law and ignorance of his righteous claims.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέκλινανturned awayVAI AAI3P · κλίνω + ἐκfinite verb stating withdrawal→ constative aorist of retreating movementκλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'turned away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb stating withdrawal.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
νόμουlawN2 GSM · νόμοςcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
δικαιώματαstatuteN3M APN · δικαίωμαnominal term functioning as a accusative complement→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδικαίωμα: meaning 'statute'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a accusative complement.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπέγνωσανrecognizedVZI AAI3P · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'recognized'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
28
τοῦ ἐπαγαγεῖν ἐπ' αὐτὸν κραυγὴν πένητος καὶ κραυγὴν πτωχῶν εἰσακούσεται
So as to bring upon him the cry of the poor, and he will hear the cry of the needy.
The injustice of the wicked calls forth the cry of the poor, and God hears it.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπαγαγεῖνἄγω + ἐπιVB AAN · ἄγω + ἐπιFinite verb / predicate→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἄγω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἄγω + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
κραυγὴνkraygenN1 ASF · κραυγήgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodκραυγή: meaning 'kraygen'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
πένητοςpoor manN3T GSM · πένηςgenitive term qualifying a related noun or expression→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπένης: meaning 'poor man'; it serves as genitive term qualifying a related noun or expression.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κραυγὴνkraygenN1 ASF · κραυγήgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodκραυγή: meaning 'kraygen'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
πτωχῶνof the poorN2 GPM · πτωχόςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπτωχός: meaning 'of the poor'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
εἰσακούσεταιlisten toVF FMI3S · ἀκούω + εἰςFinite verb / predicate→ future force: projected action or resultἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'listen to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
29
καὶ αὐτὸς ἡσυχίαν παρέξει καὶ τίς καταδικάσεται καὶ κρύψει πρόσωπον καὶ τίς ὄψεται αὐτόν καὶ κατὰ ἔθνους καὶ κατὰ ἀνθρώπου ὁμοῦ
And if he himself grants quiet, who will condemn? And if he hides his face, who will see him, whether against a nation or against a man together?
Elihu stresses God’s unanswerable freedom both to give peace and to withdraw his face from peoples or persons.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἡσυχίανquietnessN1A ASF · ἡσυχίαproper name or indeclinable element within the sequence→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἡσυχία: meaning 'quietness'; it serves as proper name or indeclinable element within the sequence.
παρέξειwill grantVF FAI3S · ἔχω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἔχω + παρα: meaning 'will grant'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καταδικάσεταιwill condemnVF2 FMI3S · δικάζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδικάζω + κατα: meaning 'will condemn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρύψειwill hideVF FAI3S · κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodκρύπτω: meaning 'will hide'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὄψεταιseeVF FMI3S · ὁράωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future middle verbal form projecting a coming actionὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἔθνουςnationN3E GSN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ὁμοῦtogetherA1 GSM · ὁμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodὁμός: meaning 'together'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
30
βασιλεύων ἄνθρωπον ὑποκριτὴν ἀπὸ δυσκολίας λαοῦ
He rules over a hypocritical man because of the hardship of the people.
Bad rule itself becomes a judgment allowed in response to the people’s distress and corruption.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
βασιλεύωνreignV1 · παπνσμ βασιλεύωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπαπνσμ βασιλεύω: meaning 'reign'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ἄνθρωπονmanN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative object of πρός→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative object of πρός.
ὑποκριτὴνhypocritical manN1M ASM · ὑποκριτήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodὑποκριτής: meaning 'hypocritical man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δυσκολίαςhardshipN1A GSF · δυσκολίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδυσκολία: meaning 'hardship'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
31
ὅτι πρὸς τὸν ἰσχυρὸν ὁ λέγων εἴληφα οὐκ ἐνεχυράσω
For there is one who says to the Mighty One, “I have received; I will not take a pledge again,”
Elihu begins to imagine the kind of humble speech a person ought to address to God.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχυρὸνstrongA1A ASM · ἰσχυρόςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἰσχυρός: meaning 'strong'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal action in summary styleπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
εἴληφαI have takenVX XAI1S · λαμβάνωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or state→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodλαμβάνω: meaning 'I have taken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or state.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐνεχυράσωI will not take a pledgeVF2 FAI1S · ἐνεχυράζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἐνεχυράζω: meaning 'I will not take a pledge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
32
ἄνευ ἐμαυτοῦ ὄψομαι σὺ δεῖξόν μοι εἰ ἀδικίαν ἠργασάμην οὐ μὴ προσθήσω
“Without myself I will see; you show me if I have worked injustice; I will not continue.”
The proper response is teachable confession: show me my wrong, and I will not repeat it.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἄνευwithoutP · ἄνευpreposition governing the following phrase→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἄνευ: meaning 'without'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμαυτοῦmautouRD GSM · ἐμαυτοῦpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedent→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἐμαυτοῦ: meaning 'mautou'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedent.
ὄψομαιseeVF FMI1S · ὁράωverbal element carrying the clause action→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause action.
σὺyouRP NS · σύnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δεῖξόνshowVA AAD2S · δεικνύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ imperatival verbal form summoning action or responseδεικνύω: meaning 'show'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀδικίανinjusticeN1A ASF · ἀδικίαaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἀδικία: meaning 'injustice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
ἠργασάμηνI have workedVAI AMI1S · ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἐργάζομαι: meaning 'I have worked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
προσθήσωaddVF FAI1S · τίθημι + προςfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionτίθημι + προς: meaning 'add'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
33
μὴ παρὰ σοῦ ἀποτείσει αὐτήν ὅτι ἀπώσῃ ὅτι σὺ ἐκλέξῃ καὶ οὐκ ἐγώ καὶ τί ἔγνως λάλησον
Will he repay that on your terms because you reject it? For you must choose, and not I; and whatever you know, speak.
Elihu returns to Job and refuses the idea that divine justice must answer to human preference.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀποτείσειwill repayVF2 FAI3S · τίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodτίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'will repay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπώσῃrejectVA AAS3S · ὠθέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodὠθέω + ἀπο: meaning 'reject'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐκλέξῃyou must chooseVF FMI2S · λέγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodλέγω + ἐκ: meaning 'you must choose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἔγνωςgignoskoVZI AAI2S · γιγνώσκωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationγιγνώσκω: meaning 'gignosko'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
λάλησονspeakVA AAD2S · λαλέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ imperative verbal form pressing a direct commandλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
34
διὸ συνετοὶ καρδίας ἐροῦσιν ταῦτα ἀνὴρ δὲ σοφὸς ἀκήκοέν μου τὸ ῥῆμα
Therefore, men of understanding will say these things, and a wise man has heard my word:
Elihu appeals to the anticipated agreement of the wise as support for his verdict.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
διὸthereforeC · διόconnector linking clauses or phrases→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδιό: meaning 'therefore'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
συνετοὶwiseA1 NPM · συνετόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate expression→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodσυνετός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate expression.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive dependent→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive dependent.
ἐροῦσινsaidVF2 FAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοφὸςwiseA1 NSM · σοφόςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
ἀκήκοένhas heardVX XAI3S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἀκούω: meaning 'has heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαword / matterN3M ASN · ῥῆμαcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodῥῆμα: meaning 'word'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
35
Ιωβ δὲ οὐκ ἐν συνέσει ἐλάλησεν τὰ δὲ ῥήματα αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐν ἐπιστήμῃ
“Job has spoken not with understanding, and his words are not with knowledge.”
The verdict on Job is now explicit: his speech lacks true understanding and knowledge.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ΙωβJobN NSM · Ιωβadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodΙωβ: meaning 'Job'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
συνέσειin understandingN3I DSF · σύνεσιςdative of respect (specifying the sphere of her goodness)→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodσύνεσις: meaning 'in understanding'; it serves as dative of respect (specifying the sphere of her goodness).
ἐλάλησενspeakVAI AAI3S · λαλέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥήματαwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαobject of ποιεῖν→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as object of ποιεῖν.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐπιστήμῃepistemeN1 DSF · ἐπιστήμηnominal term functioning in a dat relation→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἐπιστήμη: meaning 'episteme'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a dat relation.
36
οὐ μὴν δὲ ἀλλὰ μάθε Ιωβ μὴ δῷς ἔτι ἀνταπόκρισιν ὥσπερ οἱ ἄφρονες
Nevertheless, Job, learn this: do not give any further answer like the senseless do,
The speech closes with a direct admonition that Job stop answering in the manner of fools.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴνmonthX · μήνconnective linking the clause to its context→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodμὴν: meaning 'month'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunction→ coordinationἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μάθεlearnVB AAD2S · μανθάνωsecond imperative verb→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodμανθάνω: meaning 'learn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as second imperative verb.
ΙωβJobN VSM · Ιωβadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodΙωβ: meaning 'Job'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
δῷςgiveVO AAS2S · δίδωμιsubjunctive verb in a prohibition→ aorist subjunctiveδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as subjunctive verb in a prohibition.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἀνταπόκρισινanswerN3I ASF · ἀνταπόκρισιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἀνταπόκρισις: meaning 'answer'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄφρονεςfoolish menA3N NPM · ἄφρωνnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἄφρων: meaning 'foolish men'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
37
ἵνα μὴ προσθῶμεν ἐφ' ἁμαρτίαις ἡμῶν ἀνομία δὲ ἐφ' ἡμῖν λογισθήσεται πολλὰ λαλούντων ῥήματα ἐναντίον τοῦ κυρίου
lest we add lawlessness to our sins, and it be reckoned against us, while many words are spoken against the Lord.
Elihu fears that unrestrained protest can accumulate into rebellion by multiplying words against the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἵναso thatC · ἵναcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
προσθῶμενwe might addVE AAS1P · τίθημι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodτίθημι + προς: meaning 'we might add'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἁμαρτίαιςsinN1A DPF · ἁμαρτίαcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀνομίαlawlessnessN1A NSF · ἀνομίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complement→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form functioning as a dative complement.
λογισθήσεταιlogizomaiVS FPI3S · λογίζομαιfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the announced actionλογίζομαι: meaning 'logizomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πολλὰmuchA1 APN · πολύςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
λαλούντωνas they spokeV2 · παπγπμ λαλέωgenitive absolute (temporal: simultaneous with Joseph's weeping)→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodπαπγπμ λαλέω: meaning 'as they spoke'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as genitive absolute (temporal: simultaneous with Joseph's weeping).
ῥήματαwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαobject of ποιεῖν→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as object of ποιεῖν.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ elihu: justice, rule, and human falsehoodκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.