1
οὐ μὴν δὲ ἀλλὰ ἄκουσον Ιωβ τὰ ῥήματά μου καὶ λαλιὰν ἐνωτίζου μου
Nevertheless, Job, hear my words, and give ear to all my speech.
Elihu opens his first reply by turning directly to Job and demanding attentive hearing.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴνmonthX · μήνconnective linking the clause to its context→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμὴν: meaning 'month'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunction→ coordinationἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄκουσονheardVA AAD2S · ἀκούωmain verb (subject ἔθνη)→ aorist imperative issuing a direct commandἀκούω: meaning 'heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (subject ἔθνη).
ΙωβJobN NSM · Ιωβadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueΙωβ: meaning 'Job'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματάwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαsubject of καταβήτω→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as subject of καταβήτω.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαλιὰνspeechN1A ASF · λαλιάaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueλαλιά: meaning 'speech'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
ἐνωτίζουinV1 PMD2S · ὠτίζομαι + ἐνmain verbal form advancing the clause→ middle verbal form highlighting the subject's participation in the actionὠτίζομαι + ἐν: meaning 'in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
2
ἰδοὺ γὰρ ἤνοιξα τὸ στόμα μου καὶ ἐλάλησεν ἡ γλῶσσά μου
For behold, I have opened my mouth, and my tongue has spoken.
The speech is formally underway: Elihu signals that he is no longer restraining his words.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse markerἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤνοιξαI openedVAI AAI1S · οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ aorist verbal form portraying the action as a whole occurrenceοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'I opened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspeakVAI AAI3S · λαλέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλῶσσάtongueN1S NSF · γλῶσσαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
3
καθαρά μου ἡ καρδία ῥήμασιν σύνεσις δὲ χειλέων μου καθαρὰ νοήσει
My heart is pure in words, and the understanding of my lips will conceive what is pure.
He presents his own speech as arising from inner purity and understanding rather than from malice.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καθαράpureA1A NSF · καθαρόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueκαθαρός: meaning 'pure'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ῥήμασινwordsN3M DPN · ῥῆμαdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
σύνεσιςunderstandingN3I NSF · σύνεσιςnominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueσύνεσις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as nominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χειλέωνlipsN3E GPN · χεῖλοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καθαρὰcleanA1A NSF · καθαρόςnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueκαθαρός: meaning 'clean'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning within the clause.
νοήσειperceivedVF FAI3S · νοέωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardνοέω: meaning 'perceived'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form carrying the clause forward.
4
πνεῦμα θεῖον τὸ ποιῆσάν με πνοὴ δὲ παντοκράτορος ἡ διδάσκουσά με
A divine spirit made me, and the breath of the Almighty is what teaches me.
Elihu grounds his competence in creation and in the instructing breath of the Almighty.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πνεῦμαspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θεῖονdivineA1A NSN · θεῖοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueθεῖος: meaning 'divine'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιῆσάνhaving madeVA · ααπνσν ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueααπνσν ποιέω: meaning 'having made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
πνοὴbreathN1 NSF · πνοήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the proverb→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueπνοή: meaning 'breath'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the proverb.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παντοκράτοροςAlmightyN3R GSM · παντοκράτωρgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διδάσκουσάteachingV1 · παπνσφ διδάσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueπαπνσφ διδάσκω: meaning 'teaching'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
5
ἐὰν δύνῃ δός μοι ἀπόκρισιν πρὸς ταῦτα ὑπόμεινον στῆθι κατ' ἐμὲ καὶ ἐγὼ κατὰ σέ
If you are able, give me an answer to these things; wait, stand before me, and I too will stand before you.
Job is invited to answer openly in a face-to-face exchange rather than before a crushing opponent.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
δύνῃare ableV6 PMS2S · δύναμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδύναμαι: meaning 'are able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δόςgiveVO AAD2S · δίδωμιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀπόκρισινanswerN3I ASF · ἀπόκρισιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἀπόκρισις: meaning 'answer'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὑπόμεινονwait forVA AAD2S · μένω + ὑποimperatival verbal form issuing a command or exhortation→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμένω + ὑπο: meaning 'wait for'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperatival verbal form issuing a command or exhortation.
στῆθιstandVH AAD2S · ἵστημιimperative verbal form issuing a direct command→ aorist imperativeἵστημι: meaning 'stand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperative verbal form issuing a direct command.
κατ'againstP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατ': meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σέyouRP AS · σύacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueσέ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
6
ἐκ πηλοῦ διήρτισαι σὺ ὡς καὶ ἐγώ ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ διηρτίσμεθα
You were formed from clay, as I also was; from the same source we both were formed.
Elihu levels the encounter by reminding Job that both alike share creaturely origin.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πηλοῦclayN2 GSM · πηλόςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueπηλός: meaning 'clay'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
διήρτισαιwere formedVT XMI2S · ἀρτίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἀρτίζω + δια: meaning 'were formed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σὺyouRP NS · σύnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
διηρτίσμεθαwere formedVT XMI1P · ἀρτίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἀρτίζω + δια: meaning 'were formed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
οὐχ ὁ φόβος μού σε στροβήσει οὐδὲ ἡ χείρ μου βαρεῖα ἔσται ἐπὶ σοί
My fear will not trouble you, nor will my hand be heavy upon you.
Unlike the overpowering God whom Job fears, Elihu promises a humanly bearable exchange.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
οὐχnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ simple negationοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μούmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element marking reference, possession, interrogation, or subordination→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμού: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, interrogation, or subordination.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
στροβήσειwill troubleVF FAI3S · στροβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueστροβέω: meaning 'will trouble'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χείρhandN3 NSF · χείρnominative head term or subject complement→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as nominative head term or subject complement.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
βαρεῖαproud / heavyA3U NSF · βαρύςcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueβαρύς: meaning 'proud'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σοίyourRP DS · σύpronoun→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueσοί: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
8
πλὴν εἶπας ἐν ὠσίν μου φωνὴν ῥημάτων σου ἀκήκοα
Yet you said in my ears, and I heard the sound of your words:
Elihu now turns from self-positioning to a compressed citation of Job’s complaint.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
πλὴνexceptD · πλήνpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueπλὴν: meaning 'except'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
εἶπαςeiponVAI AAI2S · εἶπονfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ aoristεἶπον: meaning 'eipon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὠσίνearsN3T DPN · οὖςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueοὖς: meaning 'ears'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήhead noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ῥημάτωνof wordsN3M GPN · ῥῆμαgenitive (defining φωνήν: 'a voice consisting of words')→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueῥῆμα: meaning 'of words'; it serves as genitive (defining φωνήν: 'a voice consisting of words').
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀκήκοαI have heardVK XAI1S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἀκούω: meaning 'I have heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
διότι λέγεις καθαρός εἰμι οὐχ ἁμαρτών ἄμεμπτος δέ εἰμι οὐ γὰρ ἠνόμησα
I am pure; I have not sinned; I am blameless, for I have not acted lawlessly.
The quoted complaint begins with Job’s protestation of innocence and blamelessness.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέγειςthey saidV1 PAI2S · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueλέγω: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (speech-introduction).
καθαρόςcleanA1A NSM · καθαρόςpredicate adjective (verdict)→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueκαθαρός: meaning 'clean'; it serves as predicate adjective (verdict).
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardεἰμί: meaning 'am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ simple negationοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἁμαρτώνsinVB · ααπνσμ ἁμαρτάνωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueααπνσμ ἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'sin'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ἄμεμπτοςblamelessA1B NSM · ἄμεμπτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἄμεμπτος: meaning 'blameless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition within the clause.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardεἰμί: meaning 'am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠνόμησαacted lawlesslyVAI AAI1S · ἀνομέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἀνομέω: meaning 'acted lawlessly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
μέμψιν δὲ κατ' ἐμοῦ εὗρεν ἥγηται δέ με ὥσπερ ὑπεναντίον
But he found a complaint against me, and he regards me as an adversary.
Job’s grievance is that God has taken him up as an enemy despite his innocence.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μέμψινcomplaintN3I ASF · μέμψιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμέμψις: meaning 'complaint'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατ'againstP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατ': meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εὗρενfindVB AAI3S · εὑρίσκωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἥγηταιregardsVM XMI3S · ἡγέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἡγέομαι: meaning 'regards'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ὑπεναντίονadversaryA1A ASM · ὑπεναντίοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueὑπεναντίος: meaning 'adversary'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
11
ἔθετο δὲ ἐν ξύλῳ τὸν πόδα μου ἐφύλαξεν δέ μου πάσας τὰς ὁδούς
And he has put my foot in the stocks, and he has watched all my ways.
The complaint intensifies with images of confinement and surveillance.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἔθετοplace / appointVEI AMI3S · τίθημιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ξύλῳwood, stakeN2N DSN · ξύλονdative complement→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueξύλον: meaning 'wood, stake'; it serves as dative complement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόδαfootN3D ASM · πούςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐφύλαξενhe keptVAI AAI3S · φυλάσσωfinite verb advancing the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueφυλάσσω: meaning 'he kept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδούςwayN2 APF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueὁδούς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
12
πῶς γὰρ λέγεις δίκαιός εἰμι καὶ οὐκ ἐπακήκοέν μου αἰώνιος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ ἐπάνω βροτῶν
How can you say, “I am righteous,” and yet, “the Eternal has not listened to me”? For he is above mortals.
Elihu begins his answer by challenging the logic of accusing the God who stands above all mortals.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
πῶςhowD · πῶςindeclinable element shaping the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueπῶς: meaning 'how'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέγειςthey saidV1 PAI2S · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueλέγω: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (speech-introduction).
δίκαιόςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardεἰμί: meaning 'am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπακήκοένhas listenedVX XAI3S · ἀκούω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'has listened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
αἰώνιοςeternalA1B NSM · αἰώνιοςAdjective naming God's enduring existence.→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueαἰώνιος: meaning 'eternal'; it serves as Adjective naming God's enduring existence.
γάρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relation→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπάνωand upwardD · ἐπάνωadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceἐπάνω: meaning 'and upward'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
βροτῶνmortalsN2 GPM · βροτόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueβροτός: meaning 'mortals'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
13
λέγεις δέ διὰ τί τῆς δίκης μου οὐκ ἐπακήκοεν πᾶν ῥῆμα
And you say, “Why has he not listened to every word of my case?”
He sharpens Job’s complaint into the demand for a hearing of every contested word.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
λέγειςthey saidV1 PAI2S · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueλέγω: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (speech-introduction).
δέbutX · δέconnective conjunction linking the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δίκηςjusticeN1 GSF · δίκηaccusative element functioning within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδίκη: meaning 'justice'; it serves as accusative element functioning within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπακήκοενhas listenedVX XAI3S · ἀκούω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'has listened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶνall / everyA3 ASN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
ῥῆμαword / matterN3M ASN · ῥῆμαcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueῥῆμα: meaning 'word'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
14
ἐν γὰρ τῷ ἅπαξ λαλήσαι ὁ κύριος ἐν δὲ τῷ δευτέρῳ ἐνύπνιον
For when the Lord speaks once, he also gives a second word in a dream,
Elihu counters the charge of silence by insisting that God speaks repeatedly, including through dreams.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅπαξonce moreD · ἅπαξadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceἅπαξ: meaning 'once more'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
λαλήσαιto speakVA AAN · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueλαλέω: meaning 'to speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δευτέρῳsecondA1A DSN · δεύτεροςdative complement within the clause or phrase→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδεύτερος: meaning 'second'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
ἐνύπνιονdreamN2N ASN · ἐνύπνιονhead noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἐνύπνιον: meaning 'dream'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
15
ἢ ἐν μελέτῃ νυκτερινῇ ὡς ὅταν ἐπιπίπτῃ δεινὸς φόβος ἐπ' ἀνθρώπους ἐπὶ νυσταγμάτων ἐπὶ κοίτης
or in nightly meditation, as when dreadful fear falls upon people, in slumbers upon the bed.
The divine word is pictured entering the night world of dread, slumber, and inward disturbance.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μελέτῃmeditationN1 DSF · μελέτηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμελέτη: meaning 'meditation'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
νυκτερινῇnightlyA1 DSF · νυκτερινόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueνυκτερινός: meaning 'nightly'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὅτανwhenD · ὅτανadverb or negative particle shaping the clause-level sense→ indefinite temporal contingencyὅταν: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιπίπτῃfalls uponV1 PAS3S · πίπτω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueπίπτω + ἐπι: meaning 'falls upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δεινὸςterribleA1 NSM · δεινόςnominative term functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδεινός: meaning 'terrible'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀνθρώπουςpeopleN2 APM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἄνθρωπος: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative element functioning within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
νυσταγμάτωνslumbersN3M GPN · νύσταγμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueνύσταγμα: meaning 'slumbers'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κοίτηςfoldN1 GSF · κοίτηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueκοίτη: meaning 'fold'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
16
τότε ἀνακαλύπτει νοῦν ἀνθρώπων ἐν εἴδεσιν φόβου τοιούτοις αὐτοὺς ἐξεφόβησεν
Then he uncovers the mind of men; in such forms of fear he has terrified them,
Dream and terror are not empty sensations but disclosures that strip the human mind bare.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceτότε: meaning 'then'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ἀνακαλύπτειuncoversV1 PAI3S · καλύπτω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueκαλύπτω + ἀνα: meaning 'uncovers'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νοῦνmindN3E ASM · νοῦςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueνοῦς: meaning 'mind'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
ἀνθρώπωνman / human beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
εἴδεσινformsN3E DPN · εἶδοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueεἶδος: meaning 'forms'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
φόβουfearN2 GSM · φόβοςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as genitive dependent within the phrase.
τοιούτοιςtoioutosA1 DPM · τοιοῦτοςdative complement or reference term→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueτοιοῦτος: meaning 'toioutos'; it serves as dative complement or reference term.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐξεφόβησενfrightenedVAI AAI3S · φοβέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueφοβέω + ἐκ: meaning 'frightened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
ἀποστρέψαι ἄνθρωπον ἐξ ἀδικίας τὸ δὲ σῶμα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ πτώματος ἐρρύσατο
to turn a person away from injustice, and he rescued his body from a fall.
The aim of that frightening speech is moral turning and bodily rescue from ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀποστρέψαιto returnVA AAN · στρέφω + ἀποinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'to return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
ἄνθρωπονmanN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative object of πρός→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative object of πρός.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἀδικίαςinjusticeN1A GSF · ἀδικίαgenitive object of ὑπέρ→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἀδικία: meaning 'injustice'; it serves as genitive object of ὑπέρ.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σῶμαbodyN3M ASN · σῶμαdirect object of λούσεται→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueσῶμα: meaning 'body'; it serves as direct object of λούσεται.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πτώματοςfallN3M GSN · πτῶμαgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueπτῶμα: meaning 'fall'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
ἐρρύσατοrescueVAI AMI3S · ῥύομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, narration, rescue, or praise→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeῥύομαι: meaning 'rescue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, narration, rescue, or praise.
18
ἐφείσατο δὲ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ θανάτου καὶ μὴ πεσεῖν αὐτὸν ἐν πολέμῳ
And he spared his life from death and kept him from falling in battle.
The saving purpose is stated positively: God preserves life from death and violent destruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐφείσατοhe spared / was sparingVAI AMI3S · φείδομαιmain verb (refusing to take from his own)→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueφείδομαι: meaning 'he spared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (refusing to take from his own).
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχῆςlifeN1 GSF · ψυχήobject of περί within the idiom περὶ ψυχῆς→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as object of περί within the idiom περὶ ψυχῆς.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive of quality / destiny (with υἱός: 'son of death')→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as genitive of quality / destiny (with υἱός: 'son of death').
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
πεσεῖνfallVB AAN · πίπτωinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueπίπτω: meaning 'fall'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose form within the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πολέμῳbattleN2 DSM · πόλεμοςobject of ἐν→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueπόλεμος: meaning 'battle'; it serves as object of ἐν.
19
πάλιν δὲ ἤλεγξεν αὐτὸν ἐν μαλακίᾳ ἐπὶ κοίτης καὶ πλῆθος ὀστῶν αὐτοῦ ἐνάρκησεν
Again he reproved him with weakness upon the bed, and the multitude of his bones grew numb.
Elihu adds a second mode of divine address: bodily weakness and pain become forms of reproof.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πάλινagainD · πάλινadverb or negative particle qualifying the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueπάλιν: meaning 'again'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤλεγξενrebukeVAI AAI3S · ἐλέγχωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἐλέγχω: meaning 'rebuke'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μαλακίᾳsicknessN1A DSF · μαλακίαcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμαλακία: meaning 'sickness'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κοίτηςfoldN1 GSF · κοίτηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueκοίτη: meaning 'fold'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative object or complement→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as accusative object or complement.
ὀστῶνbonesN2N GPN · ὀστέονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνάρκησενgrew numbVAI AAI3S · ναρκάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueναρκάω: meaning 'grew numb'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
20
πᾶν δὲ βρωτὸν σίτου οὐ μὴ δύνηται προσδέξασθαι καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτοῦ βρῶσιν ἐπιθυμήσει
And he is utterly unable to receive any food of grain, yet his soul will long for food.
Illness advances until appetite fails even while the inner self still longs for nourishment.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
πᾶνall / everyA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βρωτὸνedibleA1 ASM · βρωτόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueβρωτός: meaning 'edible'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σίτουgrainN2 GSM · σῖτοςgenitive of content (fill with grain)→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueσῖτος: meaning 'grain'; it serves as genitive of content (fill with grain).
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
δύνηταιbe ableV6 PMS3S · δύναμαιverb of the οὐ μή clause (subjunctive)→ present verbal form presenting the action as ongoing or imperfectiveδύναμαι: meaning 'be able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of the οὐ μή clause (subjunctive).
προσδέξασθαιπροςVA AMN · δέχομαι + προςfinite verb advancing the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδέχομαι + προς: meaning 'προς'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήSubject / head term→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as Subject / head term.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
βρῶσινfoodN3I ASF · βρῶσιςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueβρῶσις: meaning 'food'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause.
ἐπιθυμήσειwill long forVA AAO3S · θυμέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueθυμέω + ἐπι: meaning 'will long for'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
21
ἕως ἂν σαπῶσιν αὐτοῦ αἱ σάρκες καὶ ἀποδείξῃ τὰ ὀστᾶ αὐτοῦ κενά
Until his flesh decays and his bones stand out bare.
The affliction reaches visible wasting as flesh rots away and the bones appear exposed.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνeverX · ἄνmodal particle with the subjunctive→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σαπῶσινdecayVB AAS3P · σήπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueσήπω: meaning 'decay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
σάρκεςfleshN3K NPF · σάρξcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποδείξῃlay bareVA AAS3S · δεικνύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδεικνύω + ἀπο: meaning 'lay bare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀστᾶbonesN2N APN · ὀστέονcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
κενάemptyA1 APN · κενόςaccusative element functioning as object, goal, or extent→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueκενός: meaning 'empty'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, goal, or extent.
22
ἤγγισεν δὲ εἰς θάνατον ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτοῦ ἡ δὲ ζωὴ αὐτοῦ ἐν ᾅδῃ
And his soul came near to death, and his life to Hades.
The picture culminates with life already leaning over the threshold of death and Hades.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἤγγισενcame nearVAI AAI3S · ἐγγίζωmain verb of the temporal clause→ constative aorist of drawing nearἐγγίζω: meaning 'came near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the temporal clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
θάνατονdeathN2 ASM · θάνατοςcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήSubject / head term→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as Subject / head term.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζωὴlifeN1 NSF · ζωήnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ᾅδῃHadesN1M DSM · ᾅδηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueᾅδης: meaning 'Hades'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
23
ἐὰν ὦσιν χίλιοι ἄγγελοι θανατηφόροι εἷς αὐτῶν οὐ μὴ τρώσῃ αὐτόν ἐὰν νοήσῃ τῇ καρδίᾳ ἐπιστραφῆναι ἐπὶ κύριον ἀναγγείλῃ δὲ ἀνθρώπῳ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ μέμψιν τὴν δὲ ἄνοιαν αὐτοῦ δείξῃ
If there are a thousand death-bearing angels, not one of them will wound him, if he understands in his heart to turn back to the Lord and if one declares to a man his own fault and shows his folly,
A new possibility opens: turning back to the Lord through mediated instruction interrupts the approach of death.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ὦσινmight beV9 PAS3P · εἰμίverb of purpose clause (with ἵνα)→ stative presentεἰμί: meaning 'might be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of purpose clause (with ἵνα).
χίλιοιthousandA1A NPM · χίλιοιadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueχίλιοι: meaning 'thousand'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἄγγελοιmessengerN2 NPM · ἄγγελοςnominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἄγγελος: meaning 'messenger'; it serves as nominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
θανατηφόροιdeath-bearingA1A NPM · θανατηφόροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueθανατηφόρος: meaning 'death-bearing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἷςoneA3 NSM · εἷςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueεἷς: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
τρώσῃwoundVA AAS3S · τιτρώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueτιτρώσκω: meaning 'wound'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
νοήσῃhe should understandVA AAS3S · νοέωverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueνοέω: meaning 'he should understand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative complement→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative complement.
ἐπιστραφῆναιto turn backVD APN · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'to turn back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἀναγγείλῃhe might make knownVA AAS3S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverb of purpose clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'he might make known'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of purpose clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνθρώπῳmanN2 DSM · ἄνθρωποςdative complement→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative complement.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronoun referring within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring within the clause.
μέμψινfaultN3I ASF · μέμψιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμέμψις: meaning 'fault'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνοιανfollyN1A ASF · ἄνοιαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἄνοια: meaning 'folly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
δείξῃshowVA AAS3S · δεικνύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδεικνύω: meaning 'show'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
24
ἀνθέξεται τοῦ μὴ πεσεῖν αὐτὸν εἰς θάνατον ἀνανεώσει δὲ αὐτοῦ τὸ σῶμα ὥσπερ ἀλοιφὴν ἐπὶ τοίχου τὰ δὲ ὀστᾶ αὐτοῦ ἐμπλήσει μυελοῦ
then he will support him so that he may not fall into death, and he will renew his body like ointment on a wall, and fill his bones with marrow.
The threatened sufferer is upheld, renewed in body, and filled again with vitality.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἀνθέξεταιwill lay hold onVF FMI3S · ἔχω + ἀντιmain verb (the hand grasps judgment)→ predictive future (the seizing of judgment)ἔχω + ἀντι: meaning 'will lay hold on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the hand grasps judgment).
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
πεσεῖνfallVB AAN · πίπτωinfinitive complement or purpose form within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueπίπτω: meaning 'fall'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose form within the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
θάνατονdeathN2 ASM · θάνατοςcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἀνανεώσειwill renewVF FAI3S · νεόω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueνεόω + ἀνα: meaning 'will renew'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῶμαbodyN3M ASN · σῶμαdirect object of λούσεται→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueσῶμα: meaning 'body'; it serves as direct object of λούσεται.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἀλοιφὴνointmentN1 ASF · ἀλοιφήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἀλοιφή: meaning 'ointment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοίχουwallN2 GSM · τοῖχοςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueτοῖχος: meaning 'wall'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀστᾶbonesN2N APN · ὀστέονcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐμπλήσειshall fillVF FAI3S · πίμπλημι + ἐνmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'shall fill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
μυελοῦmarrowN2 GSM · μυελόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμυελός: meaning 'marrow'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
25
ἁπαλυνεῖ δὲ αὐτοῦ τὰς σάρκας ὥσπερ νηπίου ἀποκαταστήσει δὲ αὐτὸν ἀνδρωθέντα ἐν ἀνθρώποις
And he will make his flesh tender like a child’s and restore him grown strong among men.
Restoration is described in bodily terms: softened flesh and recovered human strength.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἁπαλυνεῖwill make tenderV1 PAI3S · ἁπαλύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἁπαλύνω: meaning 'will make tender'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σάρκαςfleshN3K APF · σάρξfirst direct object of ἐξέχεαν→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as first direct object of ἐξέχεαν.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
νηπίουinfantA1A GSM · νήπιοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueνήπιος: meaning 'infant'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
ἀποκαταστήσεικαταVF FAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀπο + καταmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἵστημι + ἀπο + κατα: meaning 'κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἀνδρωθένταgrown strongVC · αππασμ ἀνδρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueαππασμ ἀνδρόω: meaning 'grown strong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀνθρώποιςhuman beingN2 DPM · ἄνθρωποςdative complement / reference or instrument→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἄνθρωπος: meaning 'human being'; it serves as dative complement / reference or instrument.
26
εὐξάμενος δὲ πρὸς κύριον καὶ δεκτὰ αὐτῷ ἔσται εἰσελεύσεται δὲ προσώπῳ καθαρῷ σὺν ἐξηγορίᾳ ἀποδώσει δὲ ἀνθρώποις δικαιοσύνην
And when he has prayed to the Lord, things acceptable to him shall be his; he shall enter with a clean face and with confession, and he will repay righteousness to men.
Renewed life leads back into accepted prayer, clean approach, confession, and righteous dealing.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
εὐξάμενοςeuchomaiVA · αμπνσμ εὔχομαιparticiple supporting the clause action→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueαμπνσμ εὔχομαι: meaning 'euchomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle supporting the clause action.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεκτὰacceptableA1 APN · δεκτόςaccusative element functioning as object, goal, or extent→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδεκτός: meaning 'acceptable'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, goal, or extent.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
εἰσελεύσεταιwent inVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςfinite verb advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'went in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσώπῳof faceN2N DSN · πρόσωπονdative of respect (with ἀναιδές)→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueπρόσωπον: meaning 'of face'; it serves as dative of respect (with ἀναιδές).
καθαρῷcleanA1A DSM · καθαρόςdative term marking relation, means, sphere, or reference→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueκαθαρός: meaning 'clean'; it serves as dative term marking relation, means, sphere, or reference.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueσὺν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἐξηγορίᾳconfessionN1A DSF · ἐξηγορίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἐξηγορία: meaning 'confession'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀποδώσειhe will give backVF FAI3S · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'he will give back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνθρώποιςhuman beingN2 DPM · ἄνθρωποςdative complement / reference or instrument→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἄνθρωπος: meaning 'human being'; it serves as dative complement / reference or instrument.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
27
εἶτα τότε ἀπομέμψεται ἄνθρωπος αὐτὸς ἑαυτῷ λέγων οἷα συνετέλουν καὶ οὐκ ἄξια ἤτασέν με ὧν ἥμαρτον
Then the man will blame himself, saying, “What things I accomplished were not worthy; he did not requite me according to the sins I committed.”
The restored sufferer now interprets his past rightly, confessing both fault and unexpected mercy.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
εἶταthenD · εἶταadverbial modifier shaping the clause or phrase→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueεἶτα: meaning 'then'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceτότε: meaning 'then'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ἀπομέμψεταιwill blameVF FMI3S · μέμπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμέμπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'will blame'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἑαυτῷhimself / themselvesRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἑαυτῷ: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal action in summary styleπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
οἷαwhat thingsRR APN · οἷοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueοἷα: meaning 'what things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συνετέλουνI accomplishedV2I IAI1P · τελέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueτελέω + συν: meaning 'I accomplished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἄξιαworthyA1A APN · ἄξιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἄξιος: meaning 'worthy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἤτασένrequitedVAI AAI3S · ἐτάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἐτάζω: meaning 'requited'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςrelative pronoun→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueὧν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun.
ἥμαρτονI sinnedVBI AAI1S · ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'I sinned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
28
σῶσον ψυχήν μου τοῦ μὴ ἐλθεῖν εἰς διαφθοράν καὶ ἡ ζωή μου φῶς ὄψεται
Save my soul from going down into corruption, and my life shall see the light.
The confession resolves into a compact plea for rescue from corruption and return to light.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
σῶσονsaveVA AAD2S · σώζωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ imperative verbal form pressing the action as a commandσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐλθεῖνto comeVB AAN · ἔρχομαιinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἔρχομαι: meaning 'to come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
διαφθοράνcorruptionN1A ASF · διαφθοράaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδιαφθορά: meaning 'corruption'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζωήlifeN1 NSF · ζωήsubject naming the remnant existence now questioned→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as subject naming the remnant existence now questioned.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative element functioning as object, goal, or extent→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, goal, or extent.
ὄψεταιseeVF FMI3S · ὁράωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future middle verbal form projecting a coming actionὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
29
ἰδοὺ πάντα ταῦτα ἐργᾶται ὁ ἰσχυρὸς ὁδοὺς τρεῖς μετὰ ἀνδρός
Behold, the Mighty One works all these things, three ways with a man,
Elihu gathers the whole argument: the Mighty One repeatedly works in these saving disciplines.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse markerἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐργᾶταιworksV1 PMI3S · ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἐργάζομαι: meaning 'works'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχυρὸςmightyA1A NSM · ἰσχυρόςpredicate adjective describing Judas's strength→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἰσχυρός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as predicate adjective describing Judas's strength.
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
τρεῖςthreeA3 APF · τρεῖςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀνδρόςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive element marking relation, possession, source, or description within the phrase→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive element marking relation, possession, source, or description within the phrase.
30
ἀλλ' ἐρρύσατο τὴν ψυχήν μου ἐκ θανάτου ἵνα ἡ ζωή μου ἐν φωτὶ αἰνῇ αὐτόν
but he rescued my soul from death, so that my life in the light might praise him.
The goal of rescue is not bare survival but living praise in the realm of light.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρρύσατοrescueVAI AMI3S · ῥύομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, narration, rescue, or praise→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeῥύομαι: meaning 'rescue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause's assertion, narration, rescue, or praise.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive of quality / destiny (with υἱός: 'son of death')→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as genitive of quality / destiny (with υἱός: 'son of death').
ἵναso thatC · ἵναcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζωήlifeN1 NSF · ζωήsubject naming the remnant existence now questioned→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as subject naming the remnant existence now questioned.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
φωτὶlightN3T DSN · φῶςnominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause according to its case-form and local role.
αἰνῇmight praiseV2 PAS3S · αἰνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueαἰνέω: meaning 'might praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
31
ἐνωτίζου Ιωβ καὶ ἄκουέ μου κώφευσον καὶ ἐγώ εἰμι λαλήσω
Give ear, Job, and listen to me; be silent, and I myself will speak.
After summarizing, Elihu reasserts control of the exchange and calls Job back into attentive silence.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐνωτίζουinV1 PMD2S · ὠτίζομαι + ἐνmain verbal form advancing the clause→ middle verbal form highlighting the subject's participation in the actionὠτίζομαι + ἐν: meaning 'in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ΙωβJobN VSM · Ιωβadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueΙωβ: meaning 'Job'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄκουέhearV1 PAD2S · ἀκούωverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ aorist imperativeἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
κώφευσονbe silentVA AAD2S · κωφεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueκωφεύω: meaning 'be silent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardεἰμί: meaning 'am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
λαλήσωI will speakVF FAI1S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ predictive future (the speech-act about to begin)λαλέω: meaning 'I will speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or command of the clause.
32
εἰ εἰσὶν λόγοι ἀποκρίθητί μοι λάλησον θέλω γὰρ δικαιωθῆναί σε
If there are words, answer me; speak, for I want you to be justified.
Elihu pauses for a response and frames that opening as a genuine desire for Job’s vindication.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσὶνbeV9 PAI3P · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
λόγοιthing / wordN2 NPM · λόγοςnominative term in clause/list→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as nominative term in clause/list.
ἀποκρίθητίanswerVC APD2S · κρίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'answer'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
λάλησονspeakVA AAD2S · λαλέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ imperative verbal form pressing a direct commandλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
θέλωwish, wantV1 PAI1S · θέλωmain verb→ present active indicativeθέλω: meaning 'wish, want'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαιωθῆναίto be justifiedVC APN · δικαιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδικαιόω: meaning 'to be justified'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
33
εἰ μή σὺ ἄκουσόν μου κώφευσον καὶ διδάξω σε σοφίαν
But if not, do listen to me; be silent, and I will teach you wisdom.
If Job cannot answer, the only remaining posture is silence under Elihu’s instruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μήnotD · μήadverbial or subordinating marker shaping the clause relation→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμή: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
σὺyouRP NS · σύnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἄκουσόνlisten toVA AAD2S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueἀκούω: meaning 'listen to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or command of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
κώφευσονbe silentVA AAD2S · κωφεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueκωφεύω: meaning 'be silent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διδάξωI will teachVF FAI1S · διδάσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueδιδάσκω: meaning 'I will teach'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ elihu: suffering, mediation, and rescueσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.