1
καὶ οὗτοι οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς οὓς ἀνεῖλον οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ καὶ κατεκληρονόμησαν τὴν γῆν αὐτῶν πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου ἀφ᾿ ἡλίου ἀνατολῶν ἀπὸ φάραγγος Αρνων ἕως τοῦ ὄρους Αερμων καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν Αραβα ἀπ᾿ ἀνατολῶν
And these are the kings of the land whom the sons of Israel killed and whose land they inherited beyond the Jordan toward the sunrise, from the Wadi Arnon as far as Mount Hermon, and all the land of the Arabah eastward.
The demonstrative heading καὶ οὗτοι οἱ βασιλεῖς ('and these are the kings') is a list-introducing formula; it governs the whole eastern frame (vv. 1–6) and is echoed verbatim at v. 7 for the western kings. The relative clause οὓς ἀνεῖλον … καὶ κατεκληρονόμησαν supplies the two-fold action — slaughter and dispossession — that defines the entire chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (heading-introducing)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subject (predicate-of-identification with οἱ βασιλεῖς)οὗτος: 'this / these'; the nominative plural heads the cataloguing formula οὗτοι οἱ βασιλεῖς, rendering Hebrew וְאֵלֶּה הַמְּלָכִים; the same formula reopens the list at v. 7.
οἱtheNominativearticleοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῖςkingsNominativepredicate nominative ('these are the kings')βασιλεύς: 'king'; renders מֶלֶךְ; the keyword of the chapter, recurring as the bare accusative βασιλέα throughout the roster (vv. 9–24); here nominative as the subject of the cataloguing formula.
τῆςof theGenitivearticleτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive (objective: 'the kings of the land')γῆ: 'land / earth'; renders אֶרֶץ; 'the kings of the land' = the indigenous Canaanite and Transjordanian rulers dispossessed in the conquest.
οὓςwhomAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἀνεῖλον)ὅς: relative pronoun; the masculine accusative plural οὕς refers back to βασιλεῖς and introduces the two-fold defining action of the chapter.
ἀνεῖλονkilledAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀναιρέωverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (completed conquest)ἀναιρέω: 'do away with / kill / destroy'; renders הִכָּה / הָרַג; the aorist sums up the whole conquest as accomplished fact; the singular ἀνεῖλεν recurs at v. 7 with Joshua as subject — the verb that grammatically governs the entire king-roster of vv. 9–24.
οἱtheNominativearticleοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of ἀνεῖλονυἱός: 'son'; the phrase οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ('the sons of Israel') renders בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, the standard designation of the covenant nation as conquering agent.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'sons of Israel')Ισραηλ: transliteration of יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; here the people, not the patriarch.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
κατεκληρονόμησανtook as inheritanceAor Act Indic 3 Pl · κατακληρονομέωsecond verb of relative clause (coordinate with ἀνεῖλον)→ constative aorist (completed dispossession)κατακληρονομέω: 'take possession of / inherit / give as inheritance'; renders יָרַשׁ (dispossess and occupy); the compound κατα- intensifies; the paired ἀνεῖλον … κατεκληρονόμησαν ('killed … and inherited') states the chapter's twin theme of conquest and allotment.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of κατεκληρονόμησανγῆ: 'land'; the object of dispossession; the recurring keyword tying conquest to inheritance.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the kings' land)αὐτός: 'their'; refers to the dispossessed kings.
πέρανbeyondimproper preposition + genitive (location)πέραν: 'beyond / across'; with τοῦ Ιορδάνου renders עֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן; here 'beyond the Jordan' = the eastern (Transjordanian) side, as the qualifier ἀφ᾿ ἡλίου ἀνατολῶν makes explicit.
τοῦtheGenitivearticleτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνουJordanGenitivegenitive with πέρανΙορδάνης: the Jordan river (Hebrew יַרְדֵּן); declined as a first-declension masculine in the LXX (gen. Ιορδάνου); the geographic axis dividing the two conquest-phases of the chapter.
ἀφ᾿frompreposition + genitive (elided before vowel)ἀφ᾿: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ἡλίουof the sunGenitivegenitive (with ἀνατολῶν: 'sunrise')ἥλιος: 'sun'; the phrase ἀφ᾿ ἡλίου ἀνατολῶν ('from the risings of the sun') renders מִזְרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, an idiom for 'eastward,' specifying the Transjordanian orientation.
ἀνατολῶνrisings / eastGenitivegenitive (with ἡλίου: directional)ἀνατολή: 'rising / east'; the plural ἀνατολαί is idiomatic for the eastern quarter; renders מִזְרָח.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (starting point of geographic span)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
φάραγγοςwadi / ravineGenitivegenitive object of ἀπόφάραγξ: 'ravine / gorge / wadi'; renders נַחַל; the Wadi Arnon was the traditional southern boundary of the Transjordanian conquest (cf. Num 21:13).
ΑρνωνArnongenitive of apposition (indeclinable place-name)Αρνων: transliteration of אַרְנוֹן, the Arnon gorge; indeclinable; the southern terminus of the eastern territory.
ἕωςas far aspreposition + genitive (end-point of span)ἕως: 'as far as / until'; with τοῦ ὄρους Αερμων marks the northern terminus.
τοῦtheGenitivearticleτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρουςmountainGenitivegenitive with ἕωςὄρος: 'mountain'; renders הַר; Mount Hermon, the great northern landmark, marks the northern boundary of the eastern conquest.
ΑερμωνHermongenitive of apposition (indeclinable place-name)Αερμων: transliteration of חֶרְמוֹן, Mount Hermon; indeclinable; the northern terminus.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying γῆν)πᾶς: 'all / whole'; feminine accusative agreeing with γῆν.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativeaccusative (second territorial summary, object resumed from κατεκληρονόμησαν)γῆ: 'land'; 'all the land of the Arabah' adds the rift-valley plain to the eastern domain.
ΑραβαArabahgenitive of apposition (indeclinable place-name)Αραβα: transliteration of עֲרָבָה, the Arabah (the Jordan rift-valley plain); indeclinable; recurs at vv. 3 and 8.
ἀπ᾿frompreposition + genitive (elided)ἀπ᾿: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ἀνατολῶνthe eastGenitivegenitive object of ἀπ᾿ (directional: 'eastward')ἀνατολή: 'east'; the closing ἀπ᾿ ἀνατολῶν reiterates the eastward orientation framing the whole eastern register.
2
Σηων τὸν βασιλέα τῶν Αμορραίων ὃς κατῴκει ἐν Εσεβων κυριεύων ἀπὸ Αροηρ ἥ ἐστιν ἐν τῇ φάραγγι κατὰ μέρος τῆς φάραγγος καὶ τὸ ἥμισυ τῆς Γαλααδ ἕως Ιαβοκ ὅρια υἱῶν Αμμων
Sihon the king of the Amorites, who dwelt in Heshbon, ruling from Aroer, which is in the ravine, along the middle of the ravine, and half of Gilead as far as Jabbok, the boundary of the sons of Ammon;
The accusative Σηων τὸν βασιλέα is in apposition to the relative οὕς of v. 1 — 'whom they killed, namely Sihon …'. Sihon is the first of the two great Transjordanian kings; his defeat (Num 21:21–31) opened the eastern conquest. The participles κατῴκει and κυριεύων sketch his realm: seated at Heshbon, ruling the territory from Aroer up to the Jabbok.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ΣηωνSihonaccusative in apposition to οὓς (v.1); indeclinable king-nameΣηων: transliteration of סִיחוֹן, Sihon king of the Amorites; indeclinable; first of the two giant-era Transjordanian kings, defeated under Moses (Num 21).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with βασιλέα, in apposition to Σηων)τὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Σηωνβασιλεύς: 'king'; the appositional 'Sihon the king of the Amorites' identifies the first conquered ruler.
τῶνof theGenitivearticleτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑμορραίωνAmoritesGenitivegenitive (of subordination: 'king of the Amorites')Αμορραῖος: 'Amorite'; renders אֱמֹרִי; the Amorites were the dominant Transjordanian power; their gentilic recurs in the heading of v. 7.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of κατῴκει)ὅς: relative pronoun; nominative masculine singular referring to Sihon.
κατῴκειdweltImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · κατοικέωverb of relative clause (descriptive)→ descriptive imperfect (settled habitual residence)κατοικέω: 'dwell / inhabit / settle'; renders יָשַׁב; the imperfect describes Sihon's established residence at Heshbon prior to the conquest.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΕσεβωνHeshbondative object of ἐν (indeclinable place-name)Εσεβων: transliteration of חֶשְׁבּוֹן, Heshbon, Sihon's royal city; indeclinable.
κυριεύωνrulingPres Act Ptc Nom Masc Sg · κυριεύωcircumstantial participle (modifying Sihon)→ present participle (ongoing dominion)κυριεύω: 'rule over / have dominion'; renders מָשַׁל; the participle describes the extent of Sihon's rule, detailed by the geographic spans that follow.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (starting point of dominion)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΑροηρAroergenitive object of ἀπό (indeclinable place-name)Αροηρ: transliteration of עֲרוֹעֵר, Aroer on the rim of the Arnon; indeclinable; the southern edge of Sihon's realm.
ἥwhichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐστιν)ὅς: feminine relative pronoun agreeing with the city Αροηρ (construed as feminine πόλις).
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula of relative clause (locating Aroer)→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'; the present locates Aroer geographically within the ravine.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῇtheDativearticleτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φάραγγιravineDativedative object of ἐνφάραγξ: 'ravine / gorge / wadi'; here the Arnon gorge; renders נַחַל.
κατὰalongpreposition + accusative (distributive: 'along / in the midst of')κατὰ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
μέροςthe middle / partAccusativeaccusative object of κατάμέρος: 'part / portion / middle'; the phrase κατὰ μέρος τῆς φάραγγος ('along the middle of the ravine') renders תוֹךְ הַנַּחַל, describing the central course of the wadi as boundary.
τῆςof theGenitivearticleτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φάραγγοςravineGenitivegenitive (partitive, with μέρος)φάραγξ: 'ravine'; the repeated noun fixes the Arnon gorge as the boundary line.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (extending the realm)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὸtheAccusativearticleτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥμισυhalfAccusativeaccusative (substantivized: 'half of Gilead')ἥμισυς: 'half'; renders חֲצִי; 'half of Gilead' marks the northern extent of Sihon's dominion; the same word describes the half-tribe of Manasseh at v. 6.
τῆςofGenitivearticleτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαλααδGileadgenitive (partitive, with ἥμισυ); indeclinable place-nameΓαλααδ: transliteration of גִּלְעָד, Gilead, the Transjordanian highland; indeclinable; recurs at v. 5.
ἕωςas far aspreposition + genitive (boundary)ἕως: 'as far as'; marks the Jabbok as the northern limit of Sihon's realm.
ΙαβοκJabbokgenitive with ἕως (indeclinable place-name)Ιαβοκ: transliteration of יַבֹּק, the Jabbok river; indeclinable; the boundary between Sihon's land and Ammonite territory.
ὅριαboundaryAccusativeaccusative in apposition (defining the limit)ὅριον (pl. ὅρια): 'boundary / territory / border'; renders גְּבוּל; here in apposition, 'the boundary of the sons of Ammon'; recurs at v. 5.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive (possessive, with ὅρια)υἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Αμμων ('sons of Ammon') = the Ammonites, whose territory bordered Sihon's to the east.
ΑμμωνAmmongenitive of relationship (indeclinable national name)Αμμων: transliteration of עַמּוֹן, Ammon; indeclinable; the Ammonite border was off-limits to Israel (Deut 2:19).
3
καὶ Αραβα ἕως τῆς θαλάσσης Χενερεθ κατ᾿ ἀνατολὰς καὶ ἕως τῆς θαλάσσης Αραβα θάλασσαν τῶν ἁλῶν ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν ὁδὸν τὴν κατὰ Ασιμωθ ἀπὸ Θαιμαν τὴν ὑπὸ Ασηδωθ Φασγα
and the Arabah as far as the Sea of Chinnereth on the east, and as far as the Sea of the Arabah, the Salt Sea, on the east by the road to Asimoth, from Teman, which is under Ashedoth Pisgah.
v. 3 continues the delineation of Sihon's western/Jordan-valley holdings: the Arabah up to the Sea of Chinnereth (Galilee) in the north and the Sea of the Arabah (the Dead/Salt Sea) in the south, bounded by the slopes of Pisgah. The string of indeclinable toponyms is dense; the comment is kept concise.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
Αραβαthe Arabahaccusative (territory, continuing the realm); indeclinable place-nameΑραβα: the Arabah rift-valley; indeclinable; here Sihon's Jordan-valley holdings.
ἕωςas far aspreposition + genitive (boundary)ἕως: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῆςtheGenitivearticleτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαλάσσηςseaGenitivegenitive with ἕωςθάλασσα: 'sea'; renders יָם; here the Sea of Chinnereth (Galilee).
ΧενερεθChinnerethgenitive of apposition (indeclinable place-name)Χενερεθ: transliteration of כִּנֶּרֶת, Chinnereth = the Sea of Galilee; indeclinable; the northern lake-boundary.
κατ᾿towardpreposition + accusative (directional, elided)κατ᾿: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ἀνατολὰςthe eastAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (directional: 'eastward')ἀνατολή: 'east'; κατ᾿ ἀνατολάς = 'on the east side.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἕωςas far aspreposition + genitive (second boundary)ἕως: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῆςtheGenitivearticleτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαλάσσηςseaGenitivegenitive with ἕωςθάλασσα: 'sea'; here the Sea of the Arabah = the Dead Sea.
Αραβαof the Arabahgenitive of apposition (indeclinable place-name)Αραβα: 'the Sea of the Arabah,' i.e. the Dead Sea; indeclinable.
θάλασσανseaAccusativeaccusative in apposition ('the Salt Sea')θάλασσα: 'sea'; the appositional θάλασσαν τῶν ἁλῶν identifies the Sea of the Arabah as the Salt (Dead) Sea.
τῶνof theGenitivearticleτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁλῶνsaltGenitivegenitive (descriptive: 'sea of salt')ἅλς (pl. ἅλες): 'salt'; θάλασσα τῶν ἁλῶν renders יָם הַמֶּלַח, the Salt Sea (Dead Sea).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (directional)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ἀνατολῶνthe eastGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (directional)ἀνατολή: 'east'; ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν, 'on the eastern side.'
ὁδὸνby the roadAccusativeaccusative of route ('by way of')ὁδός: 'way / road'; the accusative of route renders דֶּרֶךְ, 'by the road toward Asimoth.'
τὴνthe (one)Accusativearticle (attributive, with κατὰ Ασιμωθ)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατὰtowardpreposition + accusative (direction of the road)κατὰ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΑσιμωθAsimothaccusative object of κατά (indeclinable place-name)Ασιμωθ: transliteration of יְשִׁמוֹת (Beth-Jeshimoth); indeclinable; a site near the northeast Dead Sea.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitiveἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΘαιμανTemangenitive object of ἀπό (indeclinable place-name)Θαιμαν: transliteration of תֵּימָן ('south / Teman'); indeclinable; here a directional/place reference.
τὴνwhich isAccusativearticle (attributive, with ὑπὸ Ασηδωθ)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπὸunderpreposition + accusative (location: 'beneath')ὑπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΑσηδωθAshedothaccusative object of ὑπό (indeclinable place-name)Ασηδωθ: transliteration of אַשְׁדּוֹת ('the slopes'); indeclinable; with Φασγα = 'the slopes of Pisgah.'
ΦασγαPisgahgenitive of relationship (indeclinable place-name)Φασγα: transliteration of פִּסְגָּה, Pisgah; indeclinable; Ασηδωθ Φασγα = the slopes of Pisgah, the southwestern limit of Sihon's land.
4
καὶ Ωγ βασιλεὺς Βασαν ὑπελείφθη ἐκ τῶν γιγάντων ὁ κατοικῶν ἐν Ασταρωθ καὶ ἐν Εδραϊν
And Og king of Bashan was left of the giants, the one dwelling in Ashtaroth and in Edrei;
The second great Transjordanian king, Og of Bashan, is introduced with the theologically loaded note ὑπελείφθη ἐκ τῶν γιγάντων — 'was left over from the giants,' i.e. the last survivor of the Rephaim (cf. Deut 3:11, his iron bedstead). Whereas Sihon stood in the accusative (apposition to οὕς, v. 2), Og is here cast in the nominative as the subject of ὑπελείφθη, a syntactic shift highlighting his distinct, almost legendary status.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΩγOgnominative subject of ὑπελείφθη (indeclinable king-name)Ωγ: transliteration of עוֹג, Og king of Bashan; indeclinable; the last of the Rephaim/giants, defeated under Moses (Num 21:33–35; Deut 3).
βασιλεὺςkingNominativenominative in apposition to Ωγβασιλεύς: 'king'; here nominative (contrast the accusative βασιλέα of Sihon, v. 2), as subject-apposition with the finite verb ὑπελείφθη.
Βασανof Bashangenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Βασαν: transliteration of בָּשָׁן, Bashan, the fertile northern Transjordanian region; indeclinable.
ὑπελείφθηwas leftAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ὑπολείπωmain verb (Og as sole survivor)→ constative aorist passive (resultant remnant-status)ὑπολείπω (aor. pass.): 'leave behind / leave remaining'; renders שָׁאַר / יָתַר; the passive ὑπελείφθη ('was left over') marks Og as the surviving remnant of the giants — the Rephaim, an antediluvian-style race; the same theology appears at Deut 3:11.
ἐκof / frompreposition + genitive (partitive: 'from among')ἐκ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῶνtheGenitivearticleτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γιγάντωνgiantsGenitivegenitive (partitive, with ὑπελείφθη)γίγας (pl. γίγαντες): 'giant'; renders רְפָאִים (Rephaim) and נְפִילִים; the LXX's γίγαντες links Og to the legendary giant-races; that the conqueror Israel overcame a giant-king magnifies the divine victory.
ὁthe oneNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)ὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικῶνdwellingPres Act Ptc Nom Masc Sg · κατοικέωsubstantival participle in apposition to Ωγ ('the one dwelling')→ present participle (settled residence)κατοικέω: 'dwell / inhabit'; the articular participle ὁ κατοικῶν identifies Og's twin royal seats, Ashtaroth and Edrei.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΑσταρωθAshtarothdative object of ἐν (indeclinable place-name)Ασταρωθ: transliteration of עַשְׁתָּרוֹת, Ashtaroth, one of Og's capitals in Bashan; indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΕδραϊνEdreidative object of ἐν (indeclinable place-name)Εδραϊν: transliteration of אֶדְרֶעִי, Edrei, Og's second royal city and the site of his defeat (Num 21:33); indeclinable.
5
ἄρχων ἀπὸ ὄρους Αερμων καὶ ἀπὸ Σελχα καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν Βασαν ἕως ὁρίων Γεσουρι καὶ τὴν Μαχατι καὶ τὸ ἥμισυ Γαλααδ ὁρίων Σηων βασιλέως Εσεβων
ruling from Mount Hermon and from Selcha, and over all Bashan as far as the borders of Geshuri, and Maachathi, and half of Gilead — the borders of Sihon king of Heshbon.
v. 5 delineates Og's realm by the participle ἄρχων ('ruling'), mirroring the κυριεύων used of Sihon (v. 2). His dominion runs from Mount Hermon and Selcha over all Bashan to the borders of the Geshurites and Maacathites, plus half of Gilead — abutting Sihon's kingdom (ὁρίων Σηων βασιλέως Εσεβων), so that the two giant-kings together held the whole eastern table-land.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἄρχωνrulingPres Act Ptc Nom Masc Sg · ἄρχωcircumstantial participle (modifying Og, v. 4)→ present participle (ongoing dominion)ἄρχω: 'rule / govern'; the participle ἄρχων parallels κυριεύων (Sihon, v. 2), delineating the geographic reach of Og's kingdom.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (starting point)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ὄρουςMountGenitivegenitive object of ἀπόὄρος: 'mountain'; Mount Hermon, the northern edge of Og's realm.
ΑερμωνHermongenitive of apposition (indeclinable place-name)Αερμων: Mount Hermon; indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitiveἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΣελχαSelchagenitive object of ἀπό (indeclinable place-name)Σελχα: transliteration of סַלְכָה, Salcah, on the eastern edge of Bashan; indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjective (with Βασαν)πᾶς: 'all / whole'; 'all Bashan,' the full extent of Og's heartland.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒασανBashanaccusative (territory ruled); indeclinable place-nameΒασαν: Bashan; indeclinable; here the accusative object of the dominion expressed by ἄρχων.
ἕωςas far aspreposition + genitive (boundary)ἕως: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ὁρίωνbordersGenitivegenitive with ἕωςὅριον (pl. ὅρια): 'border / territory'; renders גְּבוּל; the limit toward Geshurite land.
ΓεσουριGeshurigenitive of relationship (indeclinable national name)Γεσουρι: transliteration of גְּשׁוּרִי, the Geshurites; indeclinable; a people on Bashan's western border.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜαχατιMaachathiaccusative (territory); indeclinable national nameΜαχατι: transliteration of מַעֲכָתִי, the Maacathites; indeclinable; a people adjoining Geshur.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὸtheAccusativearticleτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥμισυhalfAccusativeaccusative (substantivized: 'half of Gilead')ἥμισυς: 'half'; the northern half of Gilead fell within Og's domain (the southern half within Sihon's, v. 2).
Γαλααδof Gileadgenitive (partitive, with ἥμισυ); indeclinable place-nameΓαλααδ: Gilead; indeclinable.
ὁρίωνthe bordersGenitivegenitive in apposition (defining the shared boundary)ὅριον: 'border / territory'; the appositional ὁρίων Σηων marks where Og's realm met Sihon's, joining the two eastern kingdoms.
Σηωνof Sihongenitive of relationship (indeclinable king-name)Σηων: Sihon; indeclinable; the two giant-era kings' territories adjoined at Gilead.
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive in apposition to Σηωνβασιλεύς: 'king'; 'Sihon king of Heshbon,' recalling v. 2.
Εσεβωνof Heshbongenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Εσεβων: Heshbon, Sihon's capital; indeclinable.
6
Μωυσῆς ὁ παῖς κυρίου καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ἐπάταξαν αὐτούς καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτὴν Μωυσῆς ἐν κληρονομίᾳ Ρουβην καὶ Γαδ καὶ τῷ ἡμίσει φυλῆς Μανασση
Moses the servant of the LORD and the sons of Israel struck them down, and Moses gave it as an inheritance to Reuben and Gad and to the half-tribe of Manasseh.
v. 6 closes the eastern register by naming the human agent: Moses, ὁ παῖς κυρίου ('the servant of the LORD'), with the sons of Israel, struck the two kings, and Moses allotted (ἔδωκεν … ἐν κληρονομίᾳ) the Transjordanian land to Reuben, Gad, and half-Manasseh. The honorific παῖς κυρίου and the verb ἔδωκεν deliberately anticipate the parallel structure at v. 7, where Joshua replaces Moses for the western phase.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject of ἐπάταξανΜωυσῆς: transliteration of מֹשֶׁה; declined as a second-declension noun in the LXX; the agent of the Transjordanian conquest, paralleling Joshua in v. 7.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with παῖς)ὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παῖςservantNominativenominative in apposition to Μωυσῆςπαῖς: 'servant / child / attendant'; renders עֶבֶד; the title ὁ παῖς κυρίου ('the servant of the LORD') is Moses' standard honorific (cf. Josh 1:1; Deut 34:5 LXX), marking the divine authorization of his conquest.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of relationship (with παῖς)κύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; 'servant of the LORD' frames Moses' action as the execution of YHWH's own purpose.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
οἱtheNominativearticleοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (coordinate with Μωυσῆς)υἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ as co-agents of the conquest.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Ισραηλ: indeclinable; the people.
ἐπάταξανstruck downAor Act Indic 3 Pl · πατάσσωmain verb (the conquest-act)→ constative aorist (completed defeat)πατάσσω: 'strike / smite / strike down'; renders הִכָּה (Hiphil of נכה); the standard conquest-verb; here it sums up the defeat of both Sihon and Og.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object (the two kings)αὐτός: 'them'; the masculine plural refers to Sihon and Og.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (the allotment-act)→ constative aorist (completed grant)δίδωμι: 'give'; renders נָתַן; the verb of inheritance-allotment; the same ἔδωκεν αὐτήν recurs at v. 7 with Joshua, structurally binding the two conquest-phases.
αὐτὴνitAccusativedirect object (the land, fem.)αὐτός: 'it'; the feminine refers to ἡ γῆ ('the land'), the territory just described.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject of ἔδωκεν (resumed by name)Μωυσῆς: repeated as explicit subject of the allotment, stressing his authority over the eastern grant.
ἐνaspreposition + dative (Hebraizing 'as / for an inheritance')ἐν: the construction ἔδωκεν … ἐν κληρονομίᾳ renders נָתַן … לְמוֹרָשָׁה / בְּנַחֲלָה, a Hebraism, 'gave as a possession.'
κληρονομίᾳinheritanceDativedative (with ἐν: 'as an inheritance')κληρονομία: 'inheritance / possession'; renders נַחֲלָה; the theological keyword of the allotment; the Transjordanian land becomes the patrimony of two and a half tribes.
Ρουβηνto Reubendative of recipient (indeclinable tribal name)Ρουβην: transliteration of רְאוּבֵן, Reuben; indeclinable; first of the two-and-a-half Transjordanian tribes (Num 32).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
Γαδto Gaddative of recipient (indeclinable tribal name)Γαδ: transliteration of גָּד, Gad; indeclinable; the second Transjordanian tribe.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τῷto theDativearticle (with ἡμίσει)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμίσειhalfDativedative of recipient (substantivized: 'to the half')ἥμισυς: 'half'; τῷ ἡμίσει φυλῆς Μανασση = the half-tribe of Manasseh, the third recipient of the eastern grant.
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive (partitive, with ἡμίσει)φυλή: 'tribe'; renders מַטֶּה / שֵׁבֶט; the recurring unit of the inheritance-allotment.
Μανασσηof Manassehgenitive of relationship (indeclinable tribal name)Μανασση: transliteration of מְנַשֶּׁה, Manasseh; indeclinable; only half this tribe settled east of the Jordan.
7
καὶ οὗτοι οἱ βασιλεῖς τῶν Αμορραίων οὓς ἀνεῖλεν Ἰησοῦς καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ἐν τῷ πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου παρὰ θάλασσαν Βααλγαδ ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τοῦ Λιβάνου καὶ ἕως τοῦ ὄρους Χελχα ἀναβαινόντων εἰς Σηιρ καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτὴν Ἰησοῦς ταῖς φυλαῖς Ισραηλ κληρονομεῖν κατὰ κλῆρον αὐτῶν
And these are the kings of the Amorites whom Joshua and the sons of Israel killed on the west side of the Jordan, by the sea, Baal-Gad in the plain of Lebanon, and as far as Mount Halak as one goes up to Seir; and Joshua gave it to the tribes of Israel to inherit by their allotment,
v. 7 reopens the cataloguing formula of v. 1 verbatim (καὶ οὗτοι οἱ βασιλεῖς), now for the western (Cisjordanian) kings, and substitutes Joshua (Ἰησοῦς) for Moses as the conquering agent — the structural pivot from phase one (Transjordan) to phase two (Canaan proper). The geographic span runs from Baal-Gad in the Lebanon valley to Mount Halak going up to Seir. The infinitive κληρονομεῖν κατὰ κλῆρον αὐτῶν ('to inherit by their allotment') anticipates the tribal land-distribution of chs. 13–21. The verb ἀνεῖλεν here grammatically governs the entire king-roster of vv. 9–24.
Word-by-word analysis· 45 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (heading-introducing)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subject (cataloguing formula, echoing v. 1)οὗτος: the formula οὗτοι οἱ βασιλεῖς is repeated verbatim from v. 1, now opening the western register.
οἱtheNominativearticleοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῖςkingsNominativepredicate nominativeβασιλεύς: 'king'; here the Cisjordanian kings enumerated in vv. 9–24.
τῶνof theGenitivearticleτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑμορραίωνAmoritesGenitivegenitive (of subordination)Αμορραῖος: 'Amorite'; here used broadly for the Canaanite peoples west of the Jordan (cf. the six-nation list of v. 8).
οὓςwhomAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἀνεῖλεν)ὅς: relative; the masculine accusative plural governs the whole roster — the kings 'whom Joshua killed.'
ἀνεῖλενkilledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναιρέωverb of relative clause (governs the roster of vv. 9–24)→ constative aorist (completed conquest)ἀναιρέω: 'kill / destroy'; the singular ἀνεῖλεν (subject Ἰησοῦς) is the verb that grammatically governs the bare accusatives βασιλέα of the entire list (vv. 9–24).
ἸησοῦςJoshuaNominativesubject of ἀνεῖλενἸησοῦς: rendering of יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, Joshua; declinable in the LXX (gen. Ἰησοῦ); the agent of the western conquest, replacing Moses for phase two; the name is identical to that later borne by Jesus.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
οἱtheNominativearticleοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (coordinate with Ἰησοῦς)υἱός: 'son'; the people as co-agents with Joshua.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Ισραηλ: indeclinable.
ἐνonpreposition + dative (location)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῷtheDativearticle (substantivizing πέραν: 'the region across')ὁ: the article substantivizes the following adverb πέραν, 'the [region] across the Jordan'; here the western side (Cisjordan).
πέρανacrossimproper preposition + genitive (location)πέραν: 'across / beyond'; ἐν τῷ πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου here denotes the western bank — the perspective is reversed from v. 1.
τοῦtheGenitivearticleτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνουJordanGenitivegenitive with πέρανΙορδάνης: the Jordan; the geographic axis dividing the two conquest-phases.
παρὰbypreposition + accusative (alongside)παρὰ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
θάλασσανthe seaAccusativeaccusative object of παράθάλασσα: 'sea'; here marking the western/Mediterranean orientation of the second conquest-zone.
ΒααλγαδBaal-Gadaccusative in apposition (indeclinable place-name)Βααλγαδ: transliteration of בַּעַל גָּד, Baal-Gad; indeclinable; the northern terminus of the western conquest, in the Lebanon valley.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῷtheDativearticleτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεδίῳplainDativedative object of ἐνπεδίον: 'plain / valley'; renders בִּקְעָה; the broad valley of Lebanon; recurs at v. 8.
τοῦofGenitivearticleτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛιβάνουLebanonGenitivegenitive of location (with πεδίῳ)Λίβανος: Lebanon (Hebrew לְבָנוֹן); declinable in the LXX; the northern mountain region.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἕωςas far aspreposition + genitive (southern boundary)ἕως: 'as far as'; marks the southern terminus of the western conquest.
τοῦtheGenitivearticleτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρουςmountainGenitivegenitive with ἕωςὄρος: 'mountain'; with Χελχα = Mount Halak, 'the bald mountain,' the southern limit toward Seir.
ΧελχαHalakgenitive of apposition (indeclinable place-name)Χελχα: transliteration of הָלָק (Mount Halak, 'the bald/smooth mountain'); indeclinable; the southern boundary of the conquered land.
ἀναβαινόντωνas one goes upPres Act Ptc Gen Masc Pl · ἀναβαίνωgenitive absolute / participle of direction ('as people go up')→ present participle (directional idiom)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up / ascend'; the genitive participle ἀναβαινόντων εἰς Σηιρ is a directional idiom, 'in the direction of the ascent to Seir,' rendering הָעֹלֶה שֵׂעִיר; locates Mount Halak relative to Edomite Seir.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)εἰς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΣηιρSeiraccusative object of εἰς (indeclinable place-name)Σηιρ: transliteration of שֵׂעִיר, Seir, the Edomite highland; indeclinable; the southern landmark.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (the allotment-act, paralleling v. 6)→ constative aorist (completed grant)δίδωμι: 'give'; ἔδωκεν αὐτὴν Ἰησοῦς exactly mirrors ἔδωκεν αὐτὴν Μωυσῆς of v. 6, binding the two phases: as Moses allotted the east, so Joshua allots the west.
αὐτὴνitAccusativedirect object (the land, fem.)αὐτός: 'it'; the feminine refers to ἡ γῆ, the western land.
ἸησοῦςJoshuaNominativesubject of ἔδωκεν (resumed by name)Ἰησοῦς: repeated as the explicit subject of the western allotment, the counterpart to Moses in v. 6.
ταῖςto theDativearticle (with φυλαῖς)ταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλαῖςtribesDativedative of recipientφυλή: 'tribe'; the recipients of the western inheritance — the nine and a half tribes settling in Canaan proper.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Ισραηλ: indeclinable.
κληρονομεῖνto inheritPres Act Inf · κληρονομέωinfinitive of purpose ('gave … to inherit')→ present infinitive (purpose of the grant)κληρονομέω: 'inherit / take possession'; renders יָרַשׁ; the purpose infinitive defines the grant's intent and anticipates the detailed tribal allotments of chs. 13–21.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)κατὰ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
κλῆρονallotmentAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive: 'by their allotment')κλῆρος: 'lot / allotment / portion'; renders גּוֹרָל; the land was apportioned by sacred lot (cf. Josh 18:10), so κατὰ κλῆρον αὐτῶν = 'each according to their allotted portion.'
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with κλῆρον)αὐτός: 'their'; the tribes' respective allotted portions.
8
ἐν τῷ ὄρει καὶ ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ καὶ ἐν Αραβα καὶ ἐν Ασηδωθ καὶ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ καὶ ἐν Ναγεβ τὸν Χετταῖον καὶ τὸν Αμορραῖον καὶ τὸν Χαναναῖον καὶ τὸν Φερεζαῖον καὶ τὸν Ευαῖον καὶ τὸν Ιεβουσαῖον
in the hill country and in the lowland and in the Arabah and in the slopes and in the wilderness and in the Negeb — the Hittite and the Amorite and the Canaanite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Jebusite;
v. 8 rounds off the western heading with two parallel six-fold lists: six terrain-types (hill country, lowland, Arabah, slopes, wilderness, Negeb) covering all the topographic zones of Canaan, and the six dispossessed peoples (Hittite, Amorite, Canaanite, Perizzite, Hivite, Jebusite) — the standard conquest-nations list (cf. Deut 7:1, here without the Girgashite). The accusatives τὸν Χετταῖον etc. resume the object of ἀνεῖλεν / ἔδωκεν, the conquered populations.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῷtheDativearticleτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρειhill countryDativedative of placeὄρος: 'mountain / hill country'; renders הַר; the central highland zone, first of six terrain-types.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐνinpreposition + dativeἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῷtheDativearticleτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεδίῳlowlandDativedative of placeπεδίον: 'plain / lowland'; renders שְׁפֵלָה; the western foothills.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐνinpreposition + dativeἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
Αραβαthe Arabahdative-equivalent (indeclinable place-name)Αραβα: the Arabah rift-valley; indeclinable; third terrain-type.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐνinpreposition + dativeἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
Ασηδωθthe slopesdative-equivalent (indeclinable place-name)Ασηδωθ: transliteration of אֲשֵׁדוֹת ('the slopes / springs'); indeclinable; fourth terrain-type, the descending hillsides.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐνinpreposition + dativeἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῇtheDativearticleτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρήμῳwildernessDativedative of placeἔρημος: 'wilderness / desert'; renders מִדְבָּר; fifth terrain-type.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐνinpreposition + dativeἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
Ναγεβthe Negebdative-equivalent (indeclinable place-name)Ναγεβ: transliteration of נֶגֶב ('south / Negeb'); indeclinable; sixth terrain-type, the arid southland.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with Χετταῖον)τὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧετταῖονHittiteAccusativeaccusative (object resumed: peoples conquered)Χετταῖος: 'Hittite'; renders חִתִּי; first of the six dispossessed nations.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὸνtheAccusativearticleτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑμορραῖονAmoriteAccusativeaccusative (people conquered)Αμορραῖος: 'Amorite'; renders אֱמֹרִי; second of the six nations.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὸνtheAccusativearticleτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧαναναῖονCanaaniteAccusativeaccusative (people conquered)Χαναναῖος: 'Canaanite'; renders כְּנַעֲנִי; third of the six nations.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὸνtheAccusativearticleτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΦερεζαῖονPerizziteAccusativeaccusative (people conquered)Φερεζαῖος: 'Perizzite'; renders פְּרִזִּי; fourth of the six nations.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὸνtheAccusativearticleτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕυαῖονHiviteAccusativeaccusative (people conquered)Ευαῖος: 'Hivite'; renders חִוִּי; fifth of the six nations.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὸνtheAccusativearticleτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙεβουσαῖονJebusiteAccusativeaccusative (people conquered)Ιεβουσαῖος: 'Jebusite'; renders יְבוּסִי; sixth of the six nations, the people of Jerusalem (cf. v. 10).
9
τὸν βασιλέα Ιεριχω καὶ τὸν βασιλέα τῆς Γαι ἥ ἐστιν πλησίον Βαιθηλ
the king of Jericho, and the king of Ai, which is near Bethel;
The enumerated list begins. Each entry is a bare accusative τὸν βασιλέα + indeclinable city-name, all dependent on ἀνεῖλεν (v. 7). Jericho (Josh 6) and Ai (Josh 7–8) head the roster in the order of their conquest; the per-word notes are kept concise for the formulaic list.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with βασιλέα)τὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry, object of ἀνεῖλεν v. 7)βασιλεύς: 'king'; the repeated bare accusative βασιλέα is the structural unit of the roster (vv. 9–24), each governed by ἀνεῖλεν.
ΙεριχωJerichogenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Ιεριχω: transliteration of יְרִיחוֹ, Jericho; indeclinable; the first city taken (Josh 6).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὸνtheAccusativearticleτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
τῆςofGenitivearticle (with Γαι)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαιAigenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Γαι: transliteration of הָעַי, Ai; indeclinable; the second city taken (Josh 8).
ἥwhichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐστιν)ὅς: feminine relative, agreeing with the city Ai (πόλις).
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (locating Ai)→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'; locates Ai geographically.
πλησίονnearimproper preposition + genitive ('near to')πλησίον: 'near / nearby'; here adverbial/prepositional, 'near Bethel.'
ΒαιθηλBethelgenitive with πλησίον (indeclinable place-name)Βαιθηλ: transliteration of בֵּית אֵל, Bethel; indeclinable; the landmark for locating Ai.
10
βασιλέα Ιερουσαλημ βασιλέα Χεβρων
the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron;
Two further entries, now without the connecting καί — bare juxtaposed accusatives. Jerusalem and Hebron belonged to the southern coalition defeated at Gibeon (Josh 10).
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemgenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Ιερουσαλημ: transliteration of יְרוּשָׁלִַם, Jerusalem; indeclinable; its king Adoni-zedek led the southern coalition (Josh 10:1).
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry, asyndetic)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΧεβρωνHebrongenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Χεβρων: transliteration of חֶבְרוֹן, Hebron; indeclinable; a southern hill-country city (Josh 10:36).
11
βασιλέα Ιεριμουθ βασιλέα Λαχις
the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish;
Jarmuth and Lachish, both members of the five-king southern coalition (Josh 10:3, 5).
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΙεριμουθJarmuthgenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Ιεριμουθ: transliteration of יַרְמוּת, Jarmuth; indeclinable; a southern coalition city (Josh 10:3).
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΛαχιςLachishgenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Λαχις: transliteration of לָכִישׁ, Lachish; indeclinable; major fortified city of the Shephelah (Josh 10:31).
12
βασιλέα Αιλαμ βασιλέα Γαζερ
the king of Eglon, the king of Gezer;
Eglon (LXX Αιλαμ) completes the southern five-king coalition; Gezer's king came to aid Lachish (Josh 10:33).
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΑιλαμEglongenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Αιλαμ: LXX form of עֶגְלוֹן, Eglon; indeclinable; the fifth member of the southern coalition (Josh 10:3).
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΓαζερGezergenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Γαζερ: transliteration of גֶּזֶר, Gezer; indeclinable; its king Horam came to aid Lachish and was destroyed (Josh 10:33).
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βασιλέα Δαβιρ βασιλέα Γαδερ
the king of Debir, the king of Geder;
Debir, a southern hill-country city taken in Joshua's southern campaign (Josh 10:38–39); Geder, otherwise obscure.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΔαβιρDebirgenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Δαβιρ: transliteration of דְּבִיר, Debir (Kiriath-sepher); indeclinable; taken in the southern campaign (Josh 10:38).
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΓαδερGedergenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Γαδερ: transliteration of גֶּדֶר, Geder; indeclinable; an otherwise obscure southern site.
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βασιλέα Ερμαθ βασιλέα Αραθ
the king of Hormah, the king of Arad;
Hormah and Arad, sites in the southern Negeb region (cf. Num 21:1–3).
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΕρμαθHormahgenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Ερμαθ: LXX form of חָרְמָה, Hormah; indeclinable; a Negeb city (cf. Num 21:3).
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΑραθAradgenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Αραθ: LXX form of עֲרָד, Arad; indeclinable; a southern Negeb city (Num 21:1).
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βασιλέα Λεβνα βασιλέα Οδολλαμ
the king of Libnah, the king of Adullam;
Libnah, taken after Makkedah (Josh 10:29); Adullam, a city of the Shephelah.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΛεβναLibnahgenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Λεβνα: transliteration of לִבְנָה, Libnah; indeclinable; taken in the southern campaign (Josh 10:29).
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΟδολλαμAdullamgenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Οδολλαμ: transliteration of עֲדֻלָּם, Adullam; indeclinable; a Shephelah city.
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βασιλέα Μακηδα
the king of Makkedah;
Makkedah, the cave-town where the five southern kings were trapped and executed (Josh 10:16–28); here a single, unpaired entry.
Word-by-word analysis· 2 words
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΜακηδαMakkedahgenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Μακηδα: transliteration of מַקֵּדָה, Makkedah; indeclinable; site of the cave where the five kings hid (Josh 10:16).
17
βασιλέα Ταφουγ βασιλέα Οφερ
the king of Tappuah, the king of Hepher;
Tappuah and Hepher, central-hill-country sites; the list now moves northward from the southern campaign.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΤαφουγTappuahgenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Ταφουγ: LXX form of תַּפּוּחַ, Tappuah; indeclinable; a central hill-country town.
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΟφερHephergenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Οφερ: LXX form of חֵפֶר, Hepher; indeclinable; a town of the central highlands.
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βασιλέα Αφεκ τῆς Σαρων
the king of Aphek of Sharon;
Aphek in the Sharon plain; the genitive τῆς Σαρων specifies its region. A single entry.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΑφεκAphekgenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Αφεκ: transliteration of אֲפֵק, Aphek; indeclinable; here located in the Sharon plain.
τῆςofGenitivearticle (with Σαρων)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαρωνSharongenitive of region (indeclinable place-name)Σαρων: transliteration of שָׁרוֹן, the Sharon coastal plain; indeclinable; locates this Aphek.
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βασιλέα Ασωρ
the king of Hazor;
Hazor, the head of the northern coalition (Josh 11:1, 10: 'formerly the head of all those kingdoms'); a single, weighty entry.
Word-by-word analysis· 2 words
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΑσωρHazorgenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Ασωρ: transliteration of חָצוֹר, Hazor; indeclinable; its king Jabin led the northern coalition (Josh 11:1) and Hazor was the chief of those kingdoms.
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βασιλέα Συμοων βασιλέα Μαρρων βασιλέα Αζιφ
the king of Shimron, the king of Maron, the king of Achshaph;
Three northern cities — Shimron-meron, Maron, and Achshaph — all members of the northern coalition mustered against Israel (Josh 11:1).
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΣυμοωνShimrongenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Συμοων: LXX form of שִׁמְרוֹן, Shimron(-meron); indeclinable; a northern coalition city (Josh 11:1).
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΜαρρωνMarongenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Μαρρων: LXX form (cf. Madon/Meron); indeclinable; a northern site.
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΑζιφAchshaphgenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Αζιφ: LXX form of אַכְשָׁף, Achshaph; indeclinable; a northern coalition city (Josh 11:1).
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βασιλέα Καδης βασιλέα Ταναχ
the king of Kedesh, the king of Taanach;
Kedesh (in Galilee) and Taanach (in the Jezreel valley), both northern sites.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΚαδηςKedeshgenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Καδης: transliteration of קֶדֶשׁ, Kedesh; indeclinable; a Galilean city, later a city of refuge (Josh 20:7).
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΤαναχTaanachgenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Ταναχ: transliteration of תַּעְנַךְ, Taanach; indeclinable; a city of the Jezreel valley.
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βασιλέα Μαγεδων βασιλέα Ιεκοναμ τοῦ Χερμελ
the king of Megiddo, the king of Jokneam of Carmel;
Megiddo (the great Jezreel-valley fortress) and Jokneam, located τοῦ Χερμελ ('of Carmel'), near the Carmel range.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΜαγεδωνMegiddogenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Μαγεδων: LXX form of מְגִדּוֹ, Megiddo; indeclinable; the strategic fortress guarding the Jezreel pass.
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΙεκοναμJokneamgenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Ιεκοναμ: LXX form of יָקְנְעָם, Jokneam; indeclinable; a city near Carmel.
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with Χερμελ)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧερμελCarmelgenitive of region (indeclinable place-name)Χερμελ: LXX form of כַּרְמֶל, Carmel; indeclinable; locates Jokneam by the Carmel range.
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βασιλέα Δωρ τοῦ Ναφεδδωρ βασιλέα Γωιμ τῆς Γαλιλαίας
the king of Dor of Naphath-Dor, the king of Goiim of Galilee;
Dor (with the regional qualifier Naphath-Dor, the coastal height of Dor) and Goiim of Galilee ('Goiim' = 'nations,' MT 'Goiim in Gilgal'); the northernmost entries before the summary.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΔωρDorgenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Δωρ: transliteration of דּוֹר, Dor; indeclinable; a Mediterranean coastal city.
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with Ναφεδδωρ)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΝαφεδδωρNaphath-Dorgenitive of region (indeclinable place-name)Ναφεδδωρ: transliteration of נָפַת דּוֹר ('the height of Dor'); indeclinable; the coastal district of Dor.
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king.'
ΓωιμGoiimgenitive of subordination (indeclinable name)Γωιμ: transliteration of גּוֹיִם ('nations / Goiim'); indeclinable; the MT reads 'Goiim in Gilgal,' the LXX 'Goiim of Galilee.'
τῆςofGenitivearticle (with Γαλιλαίας)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαλιλαίαςGalileeGenitivegenitive of region (with Γωιμ)Γαλιλαία: Galilee (Hebrew גָּלִיל); declinable in the LXX; the northern region — the LXX's reading where the MT has Gilgal.
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βασιλέα Θαρσα πάντες οὗτοι βασιλεῖς εἴκοσι ἐννέα
the king of Tirzah — all these kings, twenty-nine.
The roster closes with the king of Tirzah and a summary total: πάντες οὗτοι βασιλεῖς εἴκοσι ἐννέα ('all these kings, twenty-nine'). The Greek number (29) diverges from the Masoretic total of thirty-one, reflecting a shorter and differently-summed list in the Greek tradition. The closing οὗτοι forms an inclusio with the opening οὗτοι οἱ βασιλεῖς (vv. 1, 7).
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative (final roster-entry)βασιλεύς: 'king'; the last of the bare-accusative entries.
ΘαρσαTirzahgenitive of subordination (indeclinable place-name)Θαρσα: LXX form of תִּרְצָה, Tirzah; indeclinable; later the early capital of the northern kingdom (1 Kgs 14:17).
πάντεςallNominativeattributive adjective (summary: 'all these')πᾶς: 'all'; the summary πάντες οὗτοι gathers the whole roster into a single total.
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative (summary subject, inclusio with vv. 1, 7)οὗτος: 'these'; the closing οὗτοι echoes the heading-formula οὗτοι οἱ βασιλεῖς of vv. 1 and 7, framing the whole chapter.
βασιλεῖςkingsNominativepredicate nominative (summary count)βασιλεύς: 'kings'; the chapter's keyword in its final, summarizing occurrence.
εἴκοσιtwentynumeral (indeclinable, with ἐννέα)εἴκοσι: 'twenty'; indeclinable cardinal; with ἐννέα = 'twenty-nine,' the LXX total (the MT counts thirty-one).
ἐννέαninenumeral (indeclinable, with εἴκοσι)ἐννέα: 'nine'; indeclinable cardinal; εἴκοσι ἐννέα ('twenty-nine') is the LXX's summary count of the kings conquered, a notable divergence from the Masoretic thirty-one.