Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Joshua, Chapter 14ΙΗΣΟΥΣ ΙΔ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Caleb claims Hebron in old age because he followed the Lord wholeheartedly.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Joshua 14 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. The Greek Joshua (Ἰησοῦς) is among the more freely rendered books of the LXX, and chapter 14 opens the great Cisjordan land-distribution (chs. 14–19): the inheritance west of the Jordan is apportioned by lot (κατὰ κλήρους) through Eleazar the priest and Joshua son of Naue, together with the tribal heads, 'as the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses' (vv. 1–5). The arithmetic of the tribes is carefully glossed: two-and-a-half tribes had already received their portion east of the Jordan, Levi receives no κλῆρος but only cities to dwell in with their pasture-lands (τὰ ἀφωρισμένα … τοῖς κτήνεσιν), and the doubling of Joseph into Manasseh and Ephraim keeps the count of inheriting tribes whole (vv. 3–4). The chapter's dramatic centre is Caleb son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite, who comes with the sons of Judah to Joshua at Gilgal and recalls the events of forty-five years earlier (vv. 6–12): at forty he was sent by Moses from Kadesh-Barnea to spy out the land and brought back a faithful report 'according to his (Moses') mind' (κατὰ τὸν νοῦν αὐτοῦ), while his fellow-spies 'turned aside the heart of the people' (μετέστησαν τὴν καρδίαν τοῦ λαοῦ). Twice the text marks Caleb's wholehearted faith with προσετέθην / προσετέθης ἐπακολουθῆσαι (ὀπίσω) κυρίου ('I wholly devoted myself to follow after the LORD', vv. 8–9; cf. Num 14:24; 32:11–12; Deut 1:36), the verb προστίθημι ('to add oneself wholly to') rendering the Hebrew מִלֵּא אַחֲרֵי ('fully follow after'). Now eighty-five and still vigorous for war (ἰσχύων … ἐξελθεῖν καὶ εἰσελθεῖν), Caleb claims 'this mountain' — Hebron, with its fortified cities and the giant Anakim (οἱ Ενακιμ) — confident that 'if the LORD is with me I will utterly destroy them' (ἐξολεθρεύσω). Joshua blesses him and gives him Hebron as an inheritance 'to this day,' because he followed the command of the LORD God of Israel (vv. 13–14). The chapter closes with an antiquarian note (v. 15): Hebron's former name was the city Arbok, mother-city of the Anakim — 'and the land had rest from war' (ἡ γῆ ἐκόπασεν τοῦ πολέμου), the formulaic refrain (cf. 11:23) that frames the whole distribution as covenant fulfilment.

1

καὶ οὗτοι οἱ κατακληρονομήσαντες υἱῶν Ισραηλ ἐν τῇ γῇ Χανααν οἷς κατεκληρονόμησεν αὐτοῖς Ελεαζαρ ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ Ἰησοῦς ὁ τοῦ Ναυη καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες πατριῶν φυλῶν τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ

And these are the ones of the sons of Israel who took possession by inheritance in the land of Canaan, to whom Eleazar the priest and Joshua the son of Naue and the rulers of the families of the tribes of the sons of Israel gave it as an inheritance.

Heading: opens the Cisjordan land-distribution (new narrative unit)καὶ οὗτοι
The presentative καὶ οὗτοι ('and these are') is a standard LXX heading-formula introducing a list or distribution (cf. the genealogical/territorial headings of Gen 36; Num 34). The verse names the three distributing authorities — Eleazar the priest, Joshua son of Naue, and the tribal heads — establishing the institutional triad (priestly, military-prophetic, clan) through which the lot will be cast.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject of the verbless presentative clause)οὗτος: 'this / these'; the masculine nominative plural heads a presentative heading-clause (καὶ οὗτοι οἱ …), a common LXX device for opening territorial or genealogical lists (cf. Gen 36:1; Num 34:17).
οἱtheNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)οἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατακληρονομήσαντεςhaving taken possession by inheritanceAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · κατακληρονομέωsubstantival participle (predicate: 'the ones who inherited')→ constative aorist participle (completed act of taking inheritance)κατακληρονομέω: 'take possession of / inherit / give as inheritance'; the intensive compound κατα- with κληρονομέω; renders Hebrew נָחַל; a leitwort of the distribution chapters, used both transitively ('give an inheritance') and, as here, of the heirs themselves ('those who took possession').
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivepartitive/possessive genitive (with οἱ … κατακληρονομήσαντες: 'those of the sons of Israel who inherited')υἱός: 'son'; the phrase υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ('sons of Israel') is the standard LXX rendering of בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, the covenant-people designation; here in the genitive it qualifies the inheriting parties.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun, with υἱῶν)Ισραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; here genitive in sense ('of Israel') though morphologically unmarked.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῇtheDativearticleτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandDativedative of place (locative: 'in the land')γῆ: 'land / earth'; renders אֶרֶץ; here the promised land as the object of inheritance, qualified by Χανααν.
Χαναανof Canaangenitive of apposition/relationship (indeclinable: 'the land of Canaan')Χανααν: transliteration of Hebrew כְּנַעַן; indeclinable in the LXX; specifies the territory west of the Jordan now being apportioned.
οἷςto whomDativerelative pronoun (dative, antecedent οὗτοι; resumed by αὐτοῖς)ὅς: relative pronoun; the dative οἷς ('to whom') anticipates the redundant resumptive pronoun αὐτοῖς, a Hebraism reflecting the Hebrew resumptive suffix (אֲשֶׁר … לָהֶם).
κατεκληρονόμησενgave as an inheritanceAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κατακληρονομέωmain verb (the distributors as compound subject: Eleazar, Joshua, the rulers)→ constative aorist (completed act of distribution)κατακληρονομέω: here transitive-causative, 'cause to inherit / apportion as inheritance'; the singular verb with a following compound subject is normal LXX/Hebrew concord (the verb agreeing with the first-named, Eleazar).
αὐτοῖςto themDativeresumptive dative pronoun (Hebraism, resuming οἷς)αὐτός: the redundant resumptive αὐτοῖς after the relative οἷς calques the Hebrew pleonastic pronoun construction (אֲשֶׁר נִחֲלוּ אוֹתָם), a hallmark of translation-Greek.
ΕλεαζαρEleazarnominative subject (indeclinable proper noun, first of the compound subject)Ελεαζαρ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶלְעָזָר ('God has helped'); indeclinable in the LXX; Aaron's son and successor as high priest (Num 20:25–28), here the priestly authority over the sacred lot.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with appositional ἱερεύς)ὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestNominativenominative in apposition to Ελεαζαρἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; the priestly office is essential to the lot-casting, which was a sacral act performed before the LORD (cf. the Urim, Num 27:21).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (linking the compound subject)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἸησοῦςJoshuaNominativenominative subject (second of the compound subject)Ἰησοῦς: the LXX form of Hebrew יְהוֹשֻׁעַ / Yehoshua ('the LORD saves'); unlike most Hebrew names it is declined as a contracted second-declension noun (gen./dat. Ἰησοῦ, acc. Ἰησοῦν); the eponymous leader of the book, here the military-prophetic authority alongside the priest.
ὁtheNominativearticle (substantivizing the following genitive phrase: 'the [son] of Naue')ὁ τοῦ Ναυη: 'the [son] of Naue'; the article + genitive idiom with υἱός understood, a standard Greek and LXX way of naming filiation.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with Ναυη: 'of Naue')τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Ναυηof Nauegenitive of filiation (indeclinable: Joshua's father)Ναυη: the LXX transliteration of Hebrew נוּן (Nun), Joshua's father; the LXX form Ναυη reflects a Hebrew reading-tradition; indeclinable, here genitive in sense.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (third member of compound subject)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
οἱtheNominativearticleοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςrulersNominativenominative subject (third member of compound subject)ἄρχων (pl. ἄρχοντες): 'ruler / leader / chief'; renders רֹאשׁ / נָשִׂיא; the tribal/clan heads who, with priest and commander, administer the distribution (cf. Num 34:18).
πατριῶνof the familiesGenitivegenitive (modifying ἄρχοντες: 'rulers of the families')πατριά: 'family / clan / ancestral house'; renders Hebrew בֵּית אָב / מִשְׁפָּחָה; designates the patrilineal sub-units within each tribe.
φυλῶνof the tribesGenitivegenitive (further qualifying πατριῶν: 'families of the tribes')φυλή: 'tribe'; renders מַטֶּה / שֵׁבֶט; the twelve tribes are the primary units of the land-allotment.
τῶνtheGenitivearticleτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive (chain: 'tribes of the sons of Israel')υἱῶν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable, closing the heading)Ισραηλ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
2

κατὰ κλήρους ἐκληρονόμησαν ὃν τρόπον ἐνετείλατο κύριος ἐν χειρὶ Ἰησοῦ ταῖς ἐννέα φυλαῖς καὶ τῷ ἡμίσει φυλῆς

By lots they received their inheritance, in the manner the LORD commanded by the hand of Joshua, for the nine tribes and the half-tribe.

Specification: the manner of distribution (continues the heading of v.1)κατὰ κλήρους
v.2 specifies the mechanism — distribution κατὰ κλήρους ('by lots') — and grounds it in divine command mediated ἐν χειρὶ Ἰησοῦ ('by the hand of Joshua'). The comparative formula ὃν τρόπον ἐνετείλατο κύριος ('in the manner the LORD commanded') is a recurring obedience-marker in this chapter (cf. vv. 5, 12). The count 'nine tribes and the half-tribe' presupposes the two-and-a-half tribes already settled in Transjordan.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
κατὰby / according topreposition + accusative (distributive: 'by lots')κατά + acc.: here distributive, 'by / according to'; κατὰ κλήρους renders the Hebrew בְּגוֹרָל ('by lot'), the sacral randomizing procedure by which territory was assigned as the LORD's own apportionment (cf. Prov 16:33).
κλήρουςlotsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (means of distribution)κλῆρος: 'lot / portion / inheritance'; renders גּוֹרָל and נַחֲלָה; the term spans both the casting-object (the lot) and its result (the allotted portion); a leitwort of chs. 14–19 paired with κληρονομία.
ἐκληρονόμησανthey received as inheritanceAor Act Indic 3 Pl · κληρονομέωmain verb (the tribes as subject)→ constative aorist (completed reception of inheritance)κληρονομέω: 'inherit / take possession of'; renders נָחַל; the simplex beside the compound κατακληρονομέω of v.1; the plural subject is the inheriting tribes.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (acc., with τρόπον in the formula ὃν τρόπον)ὅς: relative pronoun; the fixed adverbial accusative phrase ὃν τρόπον ('in which manner / just as') functions as a comparative conjunction, rendering Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר.
τρόπονmannerAccusativeadverbial accusative (with ὃν: 'in the manner that')τρόπος: 'manner / way'; the adverbial accusative ὃν τρόπον is a stereotyped LXX comparative marker for כַּאֲשֶׁר, recurring as an obedience-formula in this chapter.
ἐνετείλατοcommandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of the comparative clause (divine command)→ constative aorist (the prior, authoritative command)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command / give charge'; a deponent middle; renders צִוָּה; the standard LXX verb for the LORD's authoritative commands, here grounding the whole distribution in prior divine instruction.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἐνετείλατοκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the LORD is the ultimate author of the allotment, Joshua merely its mediating 'hand.'
ἐνbypreposition + dative (instrumental Hebraism: 'by the hand of')ἐν + dat.: here instrumental in the Hebraizing idiom ἐν χειρί ('by the hand of'), rendering בְּיַד, denoting mediated agency.
χειρὶhandDativedative in the idiom ἐν χειρί (instrumental/agency)χείρ: 'hand'; the idiom ἐν χειρὶ Ἰησοῦ ('by the hand of Joshua') renders בְּיַד יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, marking Joshua as the human conduit of the divine command (cf. ἐν χειρὶ Μωυσῆ, v.2's parallel in the Mosaic formula of vv.2,5).
Ἰησοῦof JoshuaGenitivegenitive of relationship (with χειρί: 'the hand of Joshua')Ἰησοῦς (gen. Ἰησοῦ): the contracted second-declension genitive; Joshua mediates the command for the Cisjordan tribes, as Moses had for the Transjordan tribes (v.3).
ταῖςtheDativearticle (with φυλαῖς; dative of recipient)ταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐννέαninenumeral (indeclinable, modifying φυλαῖς: 'the nine tribes')ἐννέα: 'nine'; an indeclinable cardinal numeral; the nine-and-a-half tribes are those receiving territory west of the Jordan, the two-and-a-half having been settled in Transjordan (Num 32).
φυλαῖςtribesDativedative of recipient (those receiving the inheritance)φυλή: 'tribe'; the dative marks the recipients of the lot-distribution.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τῷtheDativearticle (with ἡμίσει)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμίσειhalfDativesubstantival adjective (dative of recipient: 'the half[-tribe]')ἥμισυς: 'half'; the neuter substantive τὸ ἥμισυ φυλῆς ('the half of a tribe') denotes the half-tribe of Manasseh that received its portion west of the Jordan, the other half being in Transjordan (cf. Num 32:33).
φυλῆςof a tribeGenitivepartitive genitive (with ἡμίσει: 'half of a tribe')φυλή: here in the partitive genitive completing 'the half of a tribe.'
3

ἀπὸ τοῦ πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου καὶ τοῖς Λευίταις οὐκ ἔδωκεν κλῆρον ἐν αὐτοῖς

from beyond the Jordan; and to the Levites he gave no lot among them.

Parenthetical specification (Transjordan portion) + Levitical exceptionἀπὸ τοῦ πέραν
The clause is elliptical: the two-and-a-half tribes had received their inheritance 'from beyond the Jordan' (the Transjordan allotment of Num 32), so only nine-and-a-half remain for Cisjordan. The second clause introduces the recurring Levitical exception (cf. Num 18:20–24; Josh 13:14, 33): Levi receives no κλῆρος of land, since the LORD is their portion — explained further in v.4.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source/location of the Transjordan portion)ἀπό: 'from'; here introducing the elliptical reference to the Transjordan tribes' inheritance 'from beyond the Jordan.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (substantivizing the adverb πέραν)τὸ πέραν: the article substantivizes the adverb to mean 'the region beyond,' a standard Greek nominalization.
πέρανbeyond / the far sideadverb (substantivized by τοῦ: 'the region beyond')πέραν: 'beyond / on the other side'; an indeclinable adverb / improper preposition; τὸ πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου ('the [land] across the Jordan') renders עֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן, the standard term for Transjordan.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with Ιορδάνου)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Ιορδάνουof the JordanGenitivegenitive (with πέραν: 'beyond the Jordan')Ιορδάνης (gen. Ιορδάνου): the LXX form of Hebrew הַיַּרְדֵּן; declined as a first-declension masculine noun; the river forms the boundary between the Transjordan (two-and-a-half tribes) and Cisjordan allotments.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the Levitical exception)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with Λευίταις)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Λευίταιςto the LevitesDativedative (fronted for emphasis: 'to the Levites he gave no lot')Λευίτης: 'Levite'; renders לֵוִי; the tribe set apart for cultic service, which receives no territorial κλῆρος because 'the LORD is their inheritance' (Josh 13:33; Num 18:20).
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἔδωκεν)οὐ (οὐκ before vowel): the objective negative of fact, denying the giving of a land-lot to Levi.
ἔδωκενhe gaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (impersonal/Joshua as subject: 'he gave no lot')→ constative aorist (the completed non-allotment)δίδωμι: 'give'; renders נָתַן; the subject is best taken as the distributing authority (Joshua / the council of v.1); the negated aorist states the settled fact that Levi was excluded from territorial inheritance.
κλῆρονa lot / portionAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκενκλῆρος: here 'an allotted territorial portion'; the Levites' exclusion from a γῆς κλῆρος is the point, though they do receive cities and pasture (v.4).
ἐνamongpreposition + dative (locative: 'among them')ἐν + dat.: here 'among / in the midst of,' the Levites having no separate land-block among the tribes.
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative object of ἐν (the inheriting tribes)αὐτός: 'them,' i.e. among the land-receiving tribes; the Levites are dispersed in cities rather than holding a contiguous tribal territory.
4

ὅτι ἦσαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ιωσηφ δύο φυλαί Μανασση καὶ Εφραιμ καὶ οὐκ ἐδόθη μερὶς ἐν τῇ γῇ τοῖς Λευίταις ἀλλ᾿ ἢ πόλεις κατοικεῖν καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῶν τοῖς κτήνεσιν καὶ τὰ κτήνη αὐτῶν

for the sons of Joseph were two tribes, Manasseh and Ephraim; and no portion was given in the land to the Levites, except cities to dwell in, and the pasture-lands set apart for their cattle and their livestock.

Causal/explanatory clause (grounds the tribal arithmetic of vv.2–3)ὅτι
v.4 explains how the count works: Joseph is reckoned as two tribes (Manasseh and Ephraim), which preserves the full tally despite Levi's exclusion. The restrictive ἀλλ᾿ ἢ ('except') qualifies the Levites' landlessness: they do receive πόλεις with their surrounding ἀφωρισμένα (pasture-lands), per the Levitical-city legislation of Num 35:1–8.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction (grounding the preceding count)ὅτι: 'because / for'; here introduces the explanation of the tribal arithmetic, rendering Hebrew כִּי.
ἦσανwereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopular verb (predicate: 'the sons of Joseph were two tribes')→ stative imperfect (an enduring state of affairs)εἰμί (impf. ἦσαν): 'be'; the imperfect describes the standing arrangement by which Joseph counts double.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοί)οἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (of ἦσαν)υἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ιωσηφ ('the sons of Joseph') denotes the Joseph-bloc reckoned as two distinct tribes.
Ιωσηφof Josephgenitive of relationship (indeclinable, with υἱοί)Ιωσηφ: transliteration of Hebrew יוֹסֵף; indeclinable; the patriarch whose two sons Ephraim and Manasseh were each elevated to tribal status (Gen 48:5), explaining the count of twelve land-tribes without Levi.
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable, predicate with φυλαί: 'were two tribes')δύο: 'two'; cardinal numeral, here essentially indeclinable in this case-form; the doubling of Joseph offsets Levi's landlessness to keep the territorial tally whole.
φυλαίtribesNominativepredicate nominative (with ἦσαν: 'were two tribes')φυλή: 'tribe'; predicate noun identifying Joseph as constituting two tribal units.
ΜανασσηManassehnominative in apposition to φυλαί (indeclinable)Μανασση: transliteration of Hebrew מְנַשֶּׁה; indeclinable; Joseph's firstborn (Gen 41:51), whose tribe was split between Transjordan and Cisjordan.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΕφραιμEphraimnominative in apposition to φυλαί (indeclinable)Εφραιμ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶפְרַיִם; indeclinable; Joseph's younger son, elevated above Manasseh by Jacob's blessing (Gen 48:14–20).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (resuming the Levitical exception of v.3)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἐδόθη)οὐκ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐδόθηwas givenAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (passive: 'no portion was given')→ constative aorist passive (completed non-allotment, with the council as implied agent)δίδωμι (aor. pass. ἐδόθη): 'be given'; the divine/institutional passive restates v.3's point from the Levites' side: no land-portion accrued to them.
μερὶςportionNominativesubject of ἐδόθη ('a portion was [not] given')μερίς: 'portion / share'; renders חֵלֶק; a near-synonym of κλῆρος, here denoting a territorial share withheld from Levi.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῇtheDativearticle (with γῇ)τῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandDativedative of place (locative: 'in the land')γῆ: 'land'; the promised territory in which Levi receives no share.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with Λευίταις)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Λευίταιςto the LevitesDativedative of recipient (the deprived party)Λευίτης: 'Levite'; the dative names those to whom no land-portion was given (cf. v.3).
ἀλλ᾿butadversative conjunction (with ἤ: restrictive 'except')ἀλλά: 'but'; the combination ἀλλ᾿ ἤ ('but [rather] than' = 'except') is a strengthened exceptive, rendering Hebrew כִּי אִם, restricting what the Levites do receive.
ἢthan / exceptparticle (with ἀλλά forming the exceptive 'except')ἤ: 'than / or'; in the idiom ἀλλ᾿ ἤ it loses its comparative force and functions exceptively ('except, save only').
πόλειςcitiesAccusativeaccusative (object of the exceptive clause: '[gave] cities')πόλις: 'city'; the forty-eight Levitical cities (Num 35:7; Josh 21) granted to Levi in lieu of a tribal territory.
κατοικεῖνto dwell inPres Act Inf · κατοικέωepexegetical (purpose) infinitive (with πόλεις: 'cities to dwell in')→ purpose/epexegetical present infinitive (the function of the granted cities)κατοικέω: 'dwell / settle / inhabit'; renders יָשַׁב; the infinitive states the purpose of the cities — habitation, not territorial dominion.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (substantivizing ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναthe things set apart (pasture-lands)Perf Pass Ptc Acc Pl Neut · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (object: 'the set-apart [pasture-lands]')→ resultative perfect participle (a standing, set-apart state)ἀφορίζω: 'mark off / set apart / separate'; the perfect passive participle τὰ ἀφωρισμένα ('the things marked off') renders Hebrew מִגְרָשׁ ('common-land / pasture'), the open ground around the Levitical cities reserved for their herds (Num 35:2–5).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive (with τὰ ἀφωρισμένα)αὐτός: 'their,' i.e. the Levites' set-apart pasture-grounds.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with κτήνεσιν)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτήνεσινfor the cattleDativedative of advantage/purpose (the pasture is for their cattle)κτῆνος: 'beast / cattle / livestock'; renders בְּהֵמָה / מִקְנֶה; the dative of advantage marks the pasture-land as set apart for the benefit of the Levites' herds.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with κτήνη)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτήνηlivestockAccusativeaccusative (coordinate with τὰ ἀφωρισμένα: '[and] their livestock')κτῆνος (pl. κτήνη): 'cattle / livestock'; the closing phrase καὶ τὰ κτήνη αὐτῶν ('and their livestock') rounds off the provision for the Levites' material sustenance.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive (with κτήνη)αὐτός: 'their,' closing the Levitical provision-clause.
5

ὃν τρόπον ἐνετείλατο κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ οὕτως ἐποίησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ καὶ ἐμέρισαν τὴν γῆν

In the manner the LORD commanded Moses, so the sons of Israel did, and they divided the land.

Obedience-formula closing section A (correspondence command→performance)ὃν τρόπον … οὕτως
v.5 seals the distribution with the classic command-and-compliance formula ὃν τρόπον … οὕτως ('as … so'), rendering Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר … כֵּן. The reference to Moses (not Joshua, as in v.2) anchors the whole allotment in Mosaic Torah, presenting Joshua's generation as faithful executors of the older command. The summarising ἐμέρισαν τὴν γῆν ('they divided the land') rounds off the heading-unit before the Caleb narrative begins.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (in the comparative formula ὃν τρόπον)ὅς: relative pronoun; the adverbial accusative ὃν τρόπον ('in the manner that / just as') opens the command-compliance comparison.
τρόπονmannerAccusativeadverbial accusative (with ὃν: 'in the manner that')τρόπος: 'manner / way'; the stereotyped ὃν τρόπον renders כַּאֲשֶׁר, correlated with οὕτως ('so').
ἐνετείλατοcommandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of the comparative clause (divine command to Moses)→ constative aorist (the prior Mosaic command)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command'; deponent middle; renders צִוָּה; here the command is given τῷ Μωυσῇ, grounding the distribution in Mosaic Torah.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἐνετείλατοκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the LORD's command to Moses is the ultimate warrant for the allotment.
τῷtheDativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativedative (indirect object of ἐνετείλατο: 'commanded Moses')Μωυσῆς (dat. Μωυσῇ): transliteration of Hebrew מֹשֶׁה; declined in Rahlfs' LXX as a contracted noun (gen. Μωυσῆ, dat. Μωυσῇ, acc. Μωυσῆν); the recipient of the original land-distribution command (Num 26:52–56; 34).
οὕτωςso / thusadverb (correlative apodosis to ὃν τρόπον: 'so they did')οὕτως: 'thus / so'; correlated with ὃν τρόπον to render the Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר … כֵּן obedience-formula, marking exact correspondence of performance to command.
ἐποίησανthey didAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (the sons of Israel as subject)→ constative aorist (the completed act of obedience)ποιέω: 'do / make'; renders עָשָׂה; the verb of compliance in the formula, summarising Israel's faithful execution of the command.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοί)οἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of ἐποίησανυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ, the covenant community as the obedient agent of the distribution.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable, with υἱοί)Ισραηλ: indeclinable transliteration of יִשְׂרָאֵל.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐμέρισανthey dividedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · μερίζωmain verb (coordinate with ἐποίησαν: the act of dividing)→ constative aorist (the completed partition of the land)μερίζω: 'divide / apportion / distribute'; cognate with μερίς (v.4); renders חָלַק; the concrete act of partitioning the land into tribal allotments, summarising the whole distribution program of chs. 14–19.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with γῆν)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of ἐμέρισανγῆ: 'land'; the object of partition, the promised territory now divided among the tribes.
6

καὶ προσήλθοσαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ιουδα πρὸς Ἰησοῦν ἐν Γαλγαλ καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτὸν Χαλεβ ὁ τοῦ Ιεφοννη ὁ Κενεζαῖος σὺ ἐπίστῃ τὸ ῥῆμα ὃ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν ἄνθρωπον τοῦ θεοῦ περὶ ἐμοῦ καὶ σοῦ ἐν Καδης Βαρνη

And the sons of Judah came to Joshua at Gilgal, and Caleb the son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite said to him, 'You know the word that the LORD spoke to Moses, the man of God, concerning me and you in Kadesh-Barnea.'

Narrative transition: opens the Caleb episode (section B)καὶ προσήλθοσαν
The Caleb narrative begins with the deputation of Judah approaching Joshua at Gilgal, the camp of the conquest (cf. 4:19; 5:9). Caleb is introduced with his full pedigree — son of Jephunneh, the Kenizzite (a clan of non-Israelite, Edomite-Kenizzite stock incorporated into Judah) — which makes his exemplary faith all the more striking. He opens his appeal with the emphatic σὺ ἐπίστῃ ('you yourself know'), invoking shared memory of the LORD's word at Kadesh-Barnea (Num 14:24, 30).
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (scene-opening καί)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
προσήλθοσανcame / approachedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · προσέρχομαιmain verb (the sons of Judah as subject)→ constative aorist (the completed approach)προσέρχομαι: 'come to / approach'; renders נִגַּשׁ / קָרַב; the Hellenistic aorist ending -οσαν (for -ον) is characteristic of LXX morphology; the verb stages the formal delegation of Judah before Joshua.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοί)οἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of προσήλθοσανυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ιουδα, the tribe of Judah, who accompany Caleb (a Judahite by incorporation) in his appeal.
Ιουδαof Judahgenitive of relationship (indeclinable, with υἱοί)Ιουδα: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוּדָה; indeclinable; the leading southern tribe, into whose territory and clans Caleb the Kenizzite is reckoned.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of approach)πρὸς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ἸησοῦνJoshuaAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the one approached)Ἰησοῦς (acc. Ἰησοῦν): the contracted accusative; Joshua presides over the allotment at Gilgal.
ἐνat / inpreposition + dative (locative: 'at Gilgal')ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΓαλγαλGilgaldative of place (indeclinable place name)Γαλγαλ: transliteration of Hebrew גִּלְגָּל; indeclinable; the first Israelite encampment west of the Jordan, where the twelve memorial stones were set (4:19–20) and the base of operations for the conquest.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing Caleb's speech)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction; Caleb as subject)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: 'say'; the standard speech-introducing aorist; the singular verb foregrounds Caleb as the speaker out of the Judahite group.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)πρὸς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Joshua)αὐτός: 'him,' i.e. Joshua, the addressee of Caleb's appeal.
ΧαλεβCalebnominative subject (indeclinable proper noun)Χαλεβ: transliteration of Hebrew כָּלֵב ('dog,' or perhaps 'wholehearted'); indeclinable in the LXX; the faithful spy of Num 13–14, here the protagonist of the episode and exemplar of wholehearted following.
ὁtheNominativearticle (substantivizing the filiation phrase: 'the [son] of Jephunneh')ὁ τοῦ Ιεφοννη: 'the [son] of Jephunneh,' the article + genitive idiom of filiation.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with Ιεφοννη)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Ιεφοννηof Jephunnehgenitive of filiation (indeclinable: Caleb's father)Ιεφοννη: transliteration of Hebrew יְפֻנֶּה; indeclinable; Caleb's father, regularly named in the spy-traditions (Num 13:6; 14:6).
ὁtheNominativearticle (with the gentilic Κενεζαῖος)ὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Κενεζαῖοςthe KenizziteNominativegentilic adjective in apposition to Χαλεβ (declinable)Κενεζαῖος: 'Kenizzite'; a declinable gentilic adjective from Hebrew קְנִזִּי, denoting descent from Kenaz; the Kenizzites were a clan of Edomite/Horite origin (Gen 36:11) incorporated into Judah — Caleb's non-Israelite lineage heightens the irony that he, not the native-born, exemplifies wholehearted faith.
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic personal pronoun: 'you yourself know')σύ: the emphatic 2nd-person pronoun foregrounds Joshua's personal, eyewitness knowledge of the events at Kadesh — he was Caleb's fellow faithful spy (Num 14:6, 30).
ἐπίστῃyou knowPres Mid Indic 2 Sg · ἐπίσταμαιmain verb of Caleb's speech (appeal to shared knowledge)→ stative present (settled, present knowledge)ἐπίσταμαι: 'know / understand / be acquainted with'; a deponent; renders יָדַע; the present-tense appeal to Joshua's standing knowledge functions rhetorically to establish the agreed factual basis for Caleb's claim.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ῥῆμα)τὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαwordAccusativedirect object of ἐπίστῃῥῆμα: 'word / saying / matter'; renders Hebrew דָּבָר, which (like ῥῆμα here) spans both 'word' and 'thing/matter'; the specific divine oracle about Caleb and Joshua at Kadesh.
ὃwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐλάλησεν; antecedent ῥῆμα)ὅς: relative pronoun; introduces the clause specifying the content and occasion of the word.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωverb of the relative clause (the LORD's speaking)→ constative aorist (the past divine utterance)λαλέω: 'speak'; renders דִּבֶּר; the aorist recalls the specific past oracle the LORD addressed to Moses concerning Caleb (Num 14:24).
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἐλάλησενκύριος: the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the LORD is the author of the promissory word now being claimed.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)πρὸς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (recipient of the word)Μωυσῆς (acc. Μωυσῆν): the mediator to whom the LORD addressed the word about Caleb.
ἄνθρωπονmanAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Μωυσῆν (honorific: 'the man of God')ἄνθρωπος: 'man'; the appositional ἄνθρωπον τοῦ θεοῦ ('man of God') renders the Hebraic honorific אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים (cf. Deut 33:1; Ps 89[90] title), a title of prophetic dignity applied to Moses.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with θεοῦ)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦof GodGenitivegenitive (with ἄνθρωπον: 'man of God')θεός: 'God'; the genitive in the honorific title marks Moses as belonging to and authorized by God.
περὶconcerningpreposition + genitive (topic: 'concerning me and you')περί + gen.: 'concerning / about'; introduces the persons who were the subject of the divine word — Caleb and Joshua, the two faithful spies.
ἐμοῦmeGenitivegenitive object of περί (Caleb)ἐγώ (gen. ἐμοῦ): the emphatic 1st-person genitive; the word concerned Caleb personally — the ground of his present claim.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
σοῦyouGenitivegenitive object of περί (Joshua)σύ (gen. σοῦ): the word also concerned Joshua, the only other spy who, with Caleb, was promised entry into the land (Num 14:30, 38).
ἐνat / inpreposition + dative (locative: 'at Kadesh-Barnea')ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΚαδηςKadeshdative of place (indeclinable place name, first element)Καδης: transliteration of Hebrew קָדֵשׁ; indeclinable; with Βαρνη forms 'Kadesh-Barnea,' the oasis-encampment from which the spies were sent and where the rebellion and forty-year sentence fell (Num 13:26; 14).
ΒαρνηBarneaindeclinable place name (second element of Kadesh-Barnea)Βαρνη: transliteration of Hebrew בַּרְנֵעַ; indeclinable; the compound toponym Καδης Βαρνη fixes the scene of the spy-mission and Israel's faithless refusal to enter the land.
7

τεσσαράκοντα γὰρ ἐτῶν ἤμην ὅτε ἀπέστειλέν με Μωυσῆς ὁ παῖς τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκ Καδης Βαρνη κατασκοπεῦσαι τὴν γῆν καὶ ἀπεκρίθην αὐτῷ λόγον κατὰ τὸν νοῦν αὐτοῦ

For I was forty years old when Moses the servant of God sent me from Kadesh-Barnea to spy out the land, and I brought him back a word according to his mind.

Explanatory flashback (γάρ): Caleb's faithful spy-reportτεσσαράκοντα γὰρ ἐτῶν
γάρ grounds the appeal of v.6 in autobiography: Caleb fixes his age at forty when sent to spy, the first term of the chronological frame (40 → 45 years of wandering → 85, v.10). The key contrast is his faithful report — ἀπεκρίθην … λόγον κατὰ τὸν νοῦν αὐτοῦ ('I answered a word according to his mind'), i.e. truthfully and in accord with Moses' (and the LORD's) intent — over against the cowardly majority report (v.8).
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
τεσσαράκονταfortynumeral (indeclinable, with ἐτῶν: 'forty years')τεσσαράκοντα: 'forty'; an indeclinable cardinal numeral; opens Caleb's chronological self-presentation (forty at the spying, eighty-five now).
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (post-positive)γάρ: 'for'; post-positive; grounds the present appeal in the recollected events of the spy-mission.
ἐτῶνyears oldGenitivegenitive of measure/age (with the numeral: 'forty years of age')ἔτος: 'year'; the genitive of age (τεσσαράκοντα ἐτῶν, 'of forty years') is the idiomatic construction for stating age, rendering Hebrew בֶּן־אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה.
ἤμηνI wasImpf Mid Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίcopular verb (predicate of age)→ stative imperfect (Caleb's age at the past time)εἰμί (impf. 1 sg. ἤμην): 'be'; the middle/deponent imperfect form ἤμην (for older ἦν) is characteristic of Koine; states Caleb's age at the moment of his commissioning.
ὅτεwhentemporal conjunction (introducing the time-clause)ὅτε: 'when'; renders Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר / temporal infinitive; fixes the moment of the spy-commission.
ἀπέστειλένsentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωverb of the temporal clause (Moses as subject)→ constative aorist (the past commissioning)ἀποστέλλω: 'send (with a commission)'; renders שָׁלַח; the verb of authoritative sending, marking Caleb as a commissioned agent of Moses.
μεmeAccusativedirect object of ἀπέστειλένἐγώ (acc. με): the enclitic pronoun; Caleb as the one sent.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject of ἀπέστειλένΜωυσῆς: the one who commissioned the spies (Num 13:17).
ὁtheNominativearticle (with παῖς)ὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παῖςservantNominativenominative in apposition to Μωυσῆς ('Moses the servant of God')παῖς: 'servant / child / attendant'; here 'servant,' rendering עֶבֶד; ὁ παῖς τοῦ θεοῦ ('the servant of God') is an honorific title for Moses (cf. δοῦλος / θεράπων κυρίου elsewhere), varying the ἄνθρωπος τοῦ θεοῦ of v.6.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with θεοῦ)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦof GodGenitivegenitive (with παῖς: 'servant of God')θεός: 'God'; the genitive marks Moses' status as God's own servant.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source of the sending)ἐκ: 'from / out of'; marks Kadesh-Barnea as the point of departure for the mission.
ΚαδηςKadeshgenitive of source (indeclinable place name)Καδης: indeclinable; with Βαρνη, the base from which the spies set out (Num 13:26).
ΒαρνηBarneaindeclinable place name (second element)Βαρνη: indeclinable; completes the toponym Kadesh-Barnea.
κατασκοπεῦσαιto spy outAor Act Inf · κατασκοπεύωpurpose infinitive (with ἀπέστειλεν: 'sent me to spy out')→ purpose aorist infinitive (the goal of the sending)κατασκοπεύω: 'spy out / reconnoiter'; the intensive κατα- compound; renders רִגֵּל / תּוּר; the technical verb for the espionage mission of Num 13.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with γῆν)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of κατασκοπεῦσαιγῆ: 'land'; the promised land, object of the reconnaissance.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀπεκρίθηνI answered / brought back wordAor Pass Indic 1 Sg · ἀποκρίνομαιmain verb (Caleb's faithful report)→ constative aorist (the completed report)ἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer / reply'; here with the cognate object λόγον, 'I returned a word / reported back'; the aorist passive form ἀπεκρίθην is the standard Koine deponent; renders Hebrew הֵשִׁיב דָּבָר ('bring back word').
αὐτῷto himDativeindirect object of ἀπεκρίθην (Moses)αὐτός: 'to him,' i.e. Moses, to whom Caleb reported.
λόγονa word / reportAccusativecognate/internal accusative (with ἀπεκρίθην: 'answered a word')λόγος: 'word / account / report'; here a cognate accusative giving the content of the answer; Caleb's λόγος was the faithful minority report (Num 13:30; 14:6–9).
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard of conformity)κατά + acc.: 'according to / in conformity with'; marks Caleb's report as conforming to Moses' (and God's) true mind, not to the people's fear.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with νοῦν)τὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νοῦνmind / intentAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (standard: 'according to his mind')νοῦς: 'mind / understanding / intent'; the phrase κατὰ τὸν νοῦν αὐτοῦ ('according to his mind') renders a Hebrew idiom for a report given truthfully and in accord with the sender's purpose; it characterizes Caleb's faithfulness — he told the truth God intended, not the discouraging falsehood of the others.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive (with νοῦν: 'his mind,' i.e. Moses' / God's)αὐτός: 'his'; the referent is Moses (or, behind him, God), whose mind Caleb's report faithfully matched.
8

οἱ δὲ ἀδελφοί μου οἱ ἀναβάντες μετ᾿ ἐμοῦ μετέστησαν τὴν καρδίαν τοῦ λαοῦ ἐγὼ δὲ προσετέθην ἐπακολουθῆσαι κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ μου

But my brothers who went up with me turned aside the heart of the people; yet I wholly devoted myself to follow after the LORD my God.

Antithetical pair (δέ … δέ): the faithless spies vs. Caleb's wholehearted faithοἱ δὲ ἀδελφοί … ἐγὼ δὲ
The verse is built on a sharp δέ … δέ antithesis: the other spies (οἱ ἀδελφοί) 'turned aside the heart of the people' (μετέστησαν τὴν καρδίαν — they demoralized Israel into rebellion, Num 13:31–33), but Caleb (ἐγὼ δέ) 'wholly devoted himself to follow after the LORD.' The verb προστίθημι ('add/devote oneself') + ἐπακολουθῆσαι renders the Hebrew מִלֵּא אַחֲרֵי ('fully follow after,' Num 14:24), the chapter's signature phrase for wholehearted, persevering faith.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἀδελφοί)οἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutadversative particle (post-positive; sets up the antithesis)δέ: 'but / now'; post-positive; here the first member of a δέ … δέ antithesis contrasting the faithless spies with Caleb.
ἀδελφοίbrothersNominativesubject of μετέστησανἀδελφός: 'brother / kinsman'; renders אָח; here the fellow-spies (the other ten), called 'brothers' by tribal kinship though contrasted in faith.
μουmyGenitivepossessive genitive (with ἀδελφοί)ἐγώ (gen. μου): 'my'; the enclitic possessive.
οἱtheNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle ἀναβάντες)οἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀναβάντεςwho went upAor Act Ptc Nom Pl Masc · ἀναβαίνωattributive participle (modifying ἀδελφοί: 'who went up with me')→ constative aorist participle (the completed ascent on the mission)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up / ascend'; renders עָלָה; the standard verb for 'going up' into the hill-country of Canaan on the spy-mission (Num 13:21–22).
μετ᾿withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment; elided before vowel)μετά + gen.: 'with / in company with'; marks the shared mission that makes the brothers' faithlessness the more culpable.
ἐμοῦmeGenitivegenitive object of μετάἐγώ (gen. ἐμοῦ): the emphatic form after the preposition.
μετέστησανturned aside / removedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · μεθίστημιmain verb (the brothers' demoralizing act)→ constative/causative aorist (the completed act of swaying the people)μεθίστημι: 'remove / turn away / cause to change'; the transitive aorist μετέστησαν τὴν καρδίαν ('they turned aside the heart') renders Hebrew הֵמַסּוּ אֶת־לֵב ('they melted/discouraged the heart'); the spies' false report dissolved Israel's courage into rebellion (Num 13:32–14:4).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with καρδίαν)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίανheartAccusativedirect object of μετέστησανκαρδία: 'heart'; renders לֵב; in Hebrew anthropology the seat of courage, will, and resolve — what the bad report 'turned aside' was the people's resolve to enter the land.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with λαοῦ)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦof the peopleGenitivepossessive genitive (with καρδίαν: 'the heart of the people')λαός: 'people'; the covenant community, whose collective courage the spies undermined.
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic pronoun: 'but I'; second member of antithesis)ἐγώ: the emphatic 1st-person pronoun sharpens the contrast — over against all the others, Caleb alone (with Joshua) stood firm.
δὲyet / butadversative particle (second member of the δέ … δέ antithesis)δέ: here completing the antithesis: the brothers swayed the people, but Caleb followed the LORD.
προσετέθηνI wholly devoted myselfAor Pass Indic 1 Sg · προστίθημιmain verb (Caleb's wholehearted commitment)→ constative aorist (the decisive, completed self-commitment)προστίθημι: lit. 'add / put to'; in the passive προσετέθην + infinitive it means 'I attached/devoted myself (wholly) to,' rendering the Hebrew idiom מִלֵּא אַחֲרֵי ('fully follow after,' Num 14:24; 32:11–12; Deut 1:36); the LXX's striking choice expresses Caleb's total, undivided adherence to the LORD — the chapter's signature note of wholehearted, persevering faith.
ἐπακολουθῆσαιto follow afterAor Act Inf · ἐπακολουθέωcomplementary infinitive (with προσετέθην: 'devoted myself to follow')→ complementary aorist infinitive (the content of the devotion)ἐπακολουθέω: 'follow after / follow closely'; the intensive ἐπ- compound of ἀκολουθέω; renders the אַחֲרֵי ('after') element of the Hebrew idiom; the complement of προστίθημι, together expressing wholehearted discipleship after the LORD.
κυρίῳthe LORDDativedative object of ἐπακολουθῆσαι ('follow after the LORD')κύριος: the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the dative is governed by ἐπακολουθέω; the object of Caleb's wholehearted following is the LORD himself.
τῷtheDativearticle (with θεῷ, in apposition to κυρίῳ)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodDativedative in apposition to κυρίῳ ('the LORD, my God')θεός: 'God'; the appositional κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ μου ('the LORD my God') marks the covenant intimacy of Caleb's allegiance — not a distant deity but his own God.
μουmyGenitivepossessive genitive (with θεῷ: 'my God')ἐγώ (gen. μου): 'my'; the possessive expresses Caleb's personal covenant relationship with the LORD.
9

καὶ ὤμοσεν Μωυσῆς ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ λέγων ἡ γῆ ἐφ᾿ ἣν ἐπέβης σοὶ ἔσται ἐν κλήρῳ καὶ τοῖς τέκνοις σου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ὅτι προσετέθης ἐπακολουθῆσαι ὀπίσω κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν

And Moses swore on that day, saying, 'The land on which you set foot shall be yours as an inheritance, and your children's forever, because you have wholly devoted yourself to follow after the LORD our God.'

Sworn promise: the Mosaic oath grounding Caleb's claim (closes section B)καὶ ὤμοσεν Μωυσῆς
Caleb cites the sworn oath of Moses (ὤμοσεν), elevating his claim from request to legal entitlement. The land 'on which your foot trod' (ἐφ᾿ ἣν ἐπέβης) is granted as a perpetual inheritance (εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα) to Caleb and his descendants. The causal ὅτι repeats the signature phrase προσετέθης ἐπακολουθῆσαι ὀπίσω κυρίου — now in the 2nd person and with the fuller ὀπίσω ('after') — sealing the inheritance-by-perseverance theme that this chapter foregrounds (cf. Deut 1:36; Num 14:24).
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ὤμοσενsworeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ὀμνύωmain verb (Moses' oath; speech-introducing)→ constative aorist (the completed sworn act)ὀμνύω: 'swear / take an oath'; renders נִשְׁבַּע; the oath elevates Moses' word from promise to binding, irrevocable commitment, the legal basis for Caleb's present claim on Hebron.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject of ὤμοσενΜωυσῆς: the one who swore the oath, acting on the LORD's word of Num 14:24.
ἐνonpreposition + dative (temporal: 'on that day')ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ἐκείνῃthatDativedemonstrative adjective (with ἡμέρᾳ)ἐκεῖνος: 'that'; the demonstrative locates the oath at the specific day of the Kadesh crisis.
τῇtheDativearticle (with ἡμέρᾳ)τῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time (when the oath was sworn)ἡμέρα: 'day'; the dative of time fixes the oath to the day of the people's rebellion and sentence (Num 14).
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (introducing the oath's content)→ circumstantial present participle (Hebraizing speech-introduction)λέγω (ptc. λέγων): the redundant participle of speaking renders the Hebrew לֵאמֹר, a stereotyped LXX device for introducing direct discourse after a verb of saying/swearing.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with γῆ)ἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandNominativesubject (of ἔσται: 'the land … shall be yours')γῆ: 'land'; the specific territory Caleb's foot trod, now sworn to him as inheritance.
ἐφ᾿uponpreposition + accusative (in the relative clause: 'on which')ἐπί (ἐφ᾿ before rough breathing): 'upon / on'; with the relative ἣν marks the land Caleb traversed.
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐπί; antecedent γῆ)ὅς: relative pronoun; introduces the qualifying clause 'on which you set foot.'
ἐπέβηςyou set foot / trodAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐπιβαίνωverb of the relative clause (Caleb's treading the land)→ constative aorist (the past act of treading)ἐπιβαίνω: 'set foot on / mount / tread'; renders דָּרַךְ; treading the land symbolizes a claim to possess it (cf. Deut 11:24; Josh 1:3) — Caleb's feet on Hebron's hills ground his title to it.
σοὶto you / yoursDativedative of possession (with ἔσται: 'shall be yours')σύ (dat. σοί): the emphatic dative of possession, 'it shall belong to you'; the land is personally assigned to Caleb.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb of the oath's content (future possession)→ predictive/promissory future (the guaranteed inheritance)εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): 'will be'; the promissory future declares the certain, sworn grant of the land to Caleb and his line.
ἐνas / inpreposition + dative (predicative: 'as an inheritance')ἐν + dat.: here in the Hebraizing predicative idiom ἔσται ἐν κλήρῳ ('shall be as/for an inheritance'), rendering לְ + noun (לְנַחֲלָה).
κλήρῳan inheritanceDativedative in the idiom ἐν κλήρῳ (predicative: 'for an inheritance')κλῆρος: 'lot / inheritance'; the leitwort of the chapter; here the land is constituted Caleb's permanent allotted portion.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with τέκνοις)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκνοιςchildrenDativedative of possession (coordinate with σοί: 'and your children's')τέκνον: 'child / offspring'; renders בָּנִים; the grant extends to Caleb's descendants, making it a heritable, perpetual possession.
σουyourGenitivepossessive genitive (with τέκνοις)σύ (gen. σου): 'your'; the enclitic possessive marking the children as Caleb's.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (extent of time: 'forever')εἰς + acc.: 'unto / for'; in the temporal idiom εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ('forever') marks the perpetuity of the grant.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with αἰῶνα)τὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverAccusativeaccusative of extent of time (in εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα: 'forever')αἰών: 'age / eternity'; the phrase εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα renders Hebrew לְעוֹלָם ('forever'), marking the perpetual, inalienable character of Caleb's family inheritance.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction (grounds the grant in Caleb's faithfulness)ὅτι: 'because'; the causal clause makes the inheritance the explicit reward of Caleb's wholehearted following — the inheritance-by-perseverance theme.
προσετέθηςyou wholly devoted yourselfAor Pass Indic 2 Sg · προστίθημιverb of the causal clause (Caleb's wholehearted following)→ constative aorist (the decisive, completed commitment)προστίθημι (pass. προσετέθης): 'devote/attach oneself wholly'; the 2nd-person echo of προσετέθην (v.8); with ἐπακολουθῆσαι ὀπίσω it renders the Hebrew מִלֵּא אַחֲרֵי ('fully followed after'); Moses' oath grounds the perpetual grant precisely in this wholehearted perseverance.
ἐπακολουθῆσαιto follow afterAor Act Inf · ἐπακολουθέωcomplementary infinitive (with προσετέθης)→ complementary aorist infinitive (content of the devotion)ἐπακολουθέω: 'follow after'; the complement of προστίθημι, here reinforced by the directional ὀπίσω ('after, behind'); the doubled 'follow-after' construction underscores the totality of Caleb's adherence.
ὀπίσωafter / behindimproper preposition + genitive (direction of following: 'after the LORD')ὀπίσω: 'behind / after'; an indeclinable adverb / improper preposition governing the genitive; ἐπακολουθῆσαι ὀπίσω κυρίου ('to follow after the LORD') renders הָלַךְ אַחֲרֵי יהוה, the classic idiom of covenant discipleship and undivided allegiance.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ὀπίσω ('after the LORD')κύριος (gen. κυρίου): the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the object of Caleb's wholehearted following.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with θεοῦ, in apposition to κυρίου)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive in apposition to κυρίου ('the LORD our God')θεός: 'God'; the appositional κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν ('the LORD our God') voices covenant solidarity — note the shift to the inclusive 'our,' embracing Joshua and the whole faithful community.
ἡμῶνourGenitivepossessive genitive (with θεοῦ: 'our God')ἐγώ (gen. pl. ἡμῶν): 'our'; the first-person plural broadens the covenant relationship from Caleb's personal 'my God' (v.8) to the shared 'our God,' including Joshua.
10

καὶ νῦν διέθρεψέν με κύριος ὃν τρόπον εἶπεν τοῦτο τεσσαρακοστὸν καὶ πέμπτον ἔτος ἀφ᾿ οὗ ἐλάλησεν κύριος τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο πρὸς Μωυσῆν καὶ ἐπορεύθη Ισραηλ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ καὶ νῦν ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ σήμερον ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ πέντε ἐτῶν

And now the LORD has kept me alive, just as he said, this forty-fifth year since the LORD spoke this word to Moses and Israel journeyed in the wilderness; and now, behold, I am today eighty-five years old.

Application to the present (καὶ νῦν): the chronological proof of God's faithfulness (opens section C)καὶ νῦν
The double καὶ νῦν ('and now') pivots from past oath to present claim, framing Caleb's testimony to God's preserving faithfulness. The chronology is precise: forty-five years have elapsed since the Kadesh word (forty in the wilderness plus five of conquest), making Caleb eighty-five (40 + 45). The verb διέθρεψεν ('kept alive / sustained') attributes his survival of the wilderness generation directly to the LORD's care, fulfilling the promise that he, of all that generation, would enter the land (Num 14:30).
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (with νῦν: temporal pivot)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
νῦνnowtemporal adverb (pivot from past oath to present)νῦν: 'now'; the formula καὶ νῦν ('and now') marks the rhetorical turn from recollection to present application, rendering Hebrew וְעַתָּה.
διέθρεψένkept alive / sustainedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · διατρέφωmain verb (the LORD's preserving of Caleb)→ constative aorist (the completed, sustained preservation)διατρέφω: 'keep alive / nourish / sustain through'; the perfective δια- ('all the way through') stresses preservation across the whole wilderness period; the LORD's keeping Caleb alive while that whole generation died (Num 14:32–35) is the visible proof of his faithfulness to the oath.
μεmeAccusativedirect object of διέθρεψενἐγώ (acc. με): Caleb as the object of God's preservation.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of διέθρεψενκύριος: the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the LORD himself is the agent of Caleb's preservation, underscoring divine fidelity.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (in the comparative formula ὃν τρόπον)ὅς: relative pronoun; opens the comparative 'just as he said.'
τρόπονmannerAccusativeadverbial accusative (with ὃν: 'just as')τρόπος: 'manner'; ὃν τρόπον εἶπεν ('just as he said') marks the exact correspondence of God's act to his word.
εἶπενhe saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωverb of the comparative clause (the LORD's earlier word)→ constative aorist (the prior promise)λέγω: 'say'; the aorist recalls the LORD's promise to preserve Caleb (Num 14:24, 30), now fulfilled.
τοῦτοthisNominativedemonstrative (with ἔτος: 'this … year')οὗτος: 'this'; introduces the precise reckoning of elapsed time.
τεσσαρακοστὸνfortiethNominativeordinal numeral (with ἔτος: 'forty-fifth year')τεσσαρακοστός: 'fortieth'; an ordinal numeral (declinable); with πέμπτον forms 'forty-fifth,' the exact span since the Kadesh word — forty years of wandering plus five of conquest.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (linking the ordinals)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
πέμπτονfifthNominativeordinal numeral (coordinate with τεσσαρακοστόν)πέμπτος: 'fifth'; the second element of the compound ordinal 'forty-fifth.'
ἔτοςyearNominativepredicate/appositional nominative (the elapsed time)ἔτος: 'year'; the measured span 'this forty-fifth year' anchors Caleb's testimony in precise chronology.
ἀφ᾿since / frompreposition + genitive (temporal starting-point; elided)ἀπό (ἀφ᾿ before rough breathing): 'from / since'; ἀφ᾿ οὗ ('from which [time]') = 'since,' marking the terminus a quo of the forty-five years.
οὗwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (in the temporal idiom ἀφ᾿ οὗ: 'since')ὅς: relative pronoun; in ἀφ᾿ οὗ the genitive functions temporally ('from the time when').
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωverb of the temporal clause (the LORD's word to Moses)→ constative aorist (the past utterance, terminus of the count)λαλέω: 'speak'; the aorist marks the moment from which the forty-five years are reckoned — the Kadesh oracle.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἐλάλησενκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; author of the word spoken to Moses.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ῥῆμα)τὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαwordAccusativedirect object of ἐλάλησενῥῆμα: 'word / matter'; the specific Kadesh oracle about Caleb's preservation and inheritance.
τοῦτοthisAccusativedemonstrative (modifying ῥῆμα: 'this word')οὗτος: 'this'; deictically points back to the oracle Caleb has been recounting.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (recipient of speech)πρὸς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (recipient of the word)Μωυσῆς (acc. Μωυσῆν): the recipient of the LORD's word about Caleb.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (adding the wilderness journey)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐπορεύθηjourneyed / wentAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb (Israel's wilderness wandering)→ constative aorist (the whole completed period of wandering)πορεύομαι: 'go / journey / travel'; the deponent aorist ἐπορεύθη; here summarizing Israel's forty-year wilderness journey (Num 14:33–34), the era during which Caleb was preserved.
ΙσραηλIsraelnominative subject (indeclinable; collective for the people)Ισραηλ: indeclinable; here functioning as subject — the nation that wandered while the faithless generation died off.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in the wilderness')ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῇtheDativearticle (with ἐρήμῳ)τῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρήμῳwildernessDativedative of place (locative: 'in the wilderness')ἔρημος: 'wilderness / desert'; renders מִדְבָּר; the place of the forty-year wandering and of the death of the unbelieving generation — the backdrop of God's preservation of Caleb.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (second καὶ νῦν pivot)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
νῦνnowtemporal adverb (reinforcing the present-time application)νῦν: 'now'; the repeated καὶ νῦν drives home the present moment of Caleb's vigorous old age.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle (drawing attention)ἰδού: 'behold / look'; an indeclinable presentative interjection (frozen aor. impv. of εἶδον); renders Hebrew הִנֵּה; calls attention dramatically to Caleb's present vigor at eighty-five.
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic pronoun, with implied 'am')ἐγώ: the emphatic 1st-person pronoun; 'here I am' — Caleb presents himself as living proof of God's faithfulness.
σήμερονtodaytemporal adverb ('today')σήμερον: 'today'; renders הַיּוֹם; emphasizes the present moment of Caleb's testimony.
ὀγδοήκονταeightynumeral (indeclinable, with πέντε and ἐτῶν: 'eighty-five years')ὀγδοήκοντα: 'eighty'; an indeclinable cardinal numeral; with πέντε gives Caleb's present age of eighty-five (40 at the spying + 45 elapsed).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (linking the numerals)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
πέντεfivenumeral (indeclinable, with ὀγδοήκοντα: 'eighty-five')πέντε: 'five'; indeclinable cardinal numeral, completing 'eighty-five.'
ἐτῶνyears oldGenitivegenitive of age (with the numerals: 'eighty-five years of age')ἔτος: 'year'; the genitive of age states Caleb's present age, the climactic chronological datum framing his claim to still be fit for war (v.11).
11

ἔτι εἰμὶ σήμερον ἰσχύων ὡσεὶ ὅτε ἀπέστειλέν με Μωυσῆς ὡσαύτως ἰσχύω νῦν ἐξελθεῖν καὶ εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὸν πόλεμον

I am still strong today, just as when Moses sent me; in the same way I am strong now, to go out and to come in for war.

Assertion of undiminished vigor (grounds the request of v.12)ἔτι … σήμερον
Caleb claims his strength is undiminished after forty-five years (ἔτι … ὡσαύτως, 'still … in the same way'). The merism ἐξελθεῖν καὶ εἰσελθεῖν ('to go out and to come in') is a Hebraism (יָצָא וָבוֹא) for the full range of active life, here specifically military campaigning (εἰς τὸν πόλεμον). The verse prepares for his bold request for the Anakim-held hill-country — he is not asking for an easy portion but for the hardest fight.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἔτιstilladverb (temporal: 'still / yet')ἔτι: 'still / yet'; renders עוֹד; stresses the continuity of Caleb's strength despite his great age.
εἰμὶI amPres Act Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίcopular verb (with the participle ἰσχύων: periphrastic 'I am being strong')→ stative present (Caleb's present condition)εἰμί: 'be'; here with the participle ἰσχύων forms a periphrastic construction ('I am [still] strong'), common in the LXX under Hebrew influence.
σήμερονtodaytemporal adverb ('today')σήμερον: 'today'; reiterates the present moment, contrasting 'today' with the day of the original commission.
ἰσχύωνstrong / being strongPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · ἰσχύωpredicate participle (with εἰμί: periphrastic 'am strong')→ durative present participle (ongoing condition of strength)ἰσχύω: 'be strong / be able / have power'; renders חָזַק / כֹּחַ; the participle in periphrasis expresses Caleb's continuing physical vigor and capacity for war.
ὡσεὶjust ascomparative conjunction (introducing the comparison)ὡσεί: 'as / just as / like'; a comparative particle (ὡς + εἰ); renders Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר; compares Caleb's present strength to that of his prime.
ὅτεwhentemporal conjunction (in the comparative clause)ὅτε: 'when'; introduces the point of comparison — the day of his commissioning.
ἀπέστειλένsentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωverb of the comparative clause (Moses' sending)→ constative aorist (the past commissioning)ἀποστέλλω: 'send'; recalls the spy-commission of v.7, the benchmark for Caleb's strength then and now.
μεmeAccusativedirect object of ἀπέστειλένἐγώ (acc. με): Caleb as the one sent.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject of ἀπέστειλένΜωυσῆς: the one who commissioned Caleb at forty.
ὡσαύτωςin the same way / likewiseadverb (correlative: matching present to past strength)ὡσαύτως: 'in the same way / likewise' (ὡς + αὕτως); emphatically asserts the exact equivalence of Caleb's present and former vigor.
ἰσχύωI am strongPres Act Indic 1 Sg · ἰσχύωmain verb (assertion of present capacity)→ stative present (Caleb's present strength)ἰσχύω: 'be strong / be able'; the finite present restates the periphrastic claim with emphasis — Caleb is presently capable of the rigors of war.
νῦνnowtemporal adverb ('now')νῦν: 'now'; reinforces the present-time capacity for war.
ἐξελθεῖνto go outAor Act Inf · ἐξέρχομαιcomplementary infinitive (with ἰσχύω: 'strong to go out')→ complementary aorist infinitive (the capacity asserted)ἐξέρχομαι: 'go out / come forth'; the first member of the merism ἐξελθεῖν καὶ εἰσελθεῖν ('go out and come in'), a Hebraism (יָצָא וָבוֹא) for the full conduct of life and especially military campaigning (cf. Deut 31:2; 1 Sam 18:13).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (linking the merism)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
εἰσελθεῖνto come inAor Act Inf · εἰσέρχομαιcomplementary infinitive (second member of the merism)→ complementary aorist infinitive (the capacity asserted)εἰσέρχομαι: 'go in / enter'; the second member of the 'go out and come in' merism; together the pair denotes Caleb's full fitness to lead troops on campaign.
εἰςfor / intopreposition + accusative (purpose/goal: 'for war')εἰς + acc.: here marking purpose/sphere, 'for (the) war.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with πόλεμον)τὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεμονwarAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (the sphere of the going-out)πόλεμος: 'war / battle'; renders מִלְחָמָה; specifies the military campaigning for which Caleb claims undiminished fitness — pointedly, the conquest of the Anakim he is about to request.
12

καὶ νῦν αἰτοῦμαί σε τὸ ὄρος τοῦτο καθὰ εἶπεν κύριος τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ὅτι σὺ ἀκήκοας τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ νυνὶ δὲ οἱ Ενακιμ ἐκεῖ εἰσιν πόλεις ὀχυραὶ καὶ μεγάλαι ἐὰν οὖν κύριος μετ᾿ ἐμοῦ ᾖ ἐξολεθρεύσω αὐτούς ὃν τρόπον εἶπέν μοι κύριος

And now I ask you for this mountain, as the LORD said on that day; for you yourself heard this word on that day. Now the Anakim are there, cities great and fortified; if then the LORD is with me, I will utterly destroy them, just as the LORD said to me.

The petition: Caleb claims the mountain of the Anakim (climax of section C)καὶ νῦν αἰτοῦμαί σε
The climactic καὶ νῦν introduces the actual request: τὸ ὄρος τοῦτο ('this mountain'), Hebron's hill-country. Caleb grounds it in the LORD's word and Joshua's own hearing of it. The δέ-clause faces the difficulty squarely — the Anakim (the giants whose presence terrified the original spies, Num 13:33) hold great fortified cities. Caleb's faith is expressed in the conditional ἐὰν … κύριος μετ᾿ ἐμοῦ ᾖ ('if the LORD is with me'): victory rests not on his strength but on divine presence, and the future ἐξολεθρεύσω ('I will utterly destroy') voices confident, faith-grounded resolve.
Word-by-word analysis· 45 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (with νῦν: climactic pivot)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
νῦνnowtemporal adverb (introducing the petition)νῦν: 'now'; καὶ νῦν here marks the climactic turn to the actual request after the preparatory testimony.
αἰτοῦμαίI ask / request for myselfPres Mid Indic 1 Sg · αἰτέωmain verb (Caleb's petition; double accusative)→ performative present (the request enacted in the speaking)αἰτέω: 'ask / request'; the middle αἰτοῦμαι ('ask for oneself') stresses Caleb's personal interest in the petition; with double accusative (σε … τὸ ὄρος, 'ask you for the mountain'); the performative present effects the request as it is spoken.
σεyouAccusativeaccusative of person (with αἰτοῦμαι: 'ask you')σύ (acc. σε): Joshua, the one petitioned.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ὄρος)τὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄροςmountainAccusativeaccusative of thing (with αἰτοῦμαι: 'ask for the mountain')ὄρος: 'mountain / hill-country'; renders הַר; τὸ ὄρος τοῦτο ('this mountain') designates the hill-country of Hebron, the Anakim stronghold Caleb claims (cf. Num 13:22; Josh 15:13–14).
τοῦτοthisAccusativedemonstrative (modifying ὄρος: 'this mountain')οὗτος: 'this'; the deictic τοῦτο likely accompanies a gesture toward the visible hill-country of Hebron.
καθὰas / just ascomparative conjunction (grounding the request in the LORD's word)καθά: 'as / just as' (κατά + ἅ); renders כַּאֲשֶׁר; grounds the petition in the prior divine promise.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωverb of the comparative clause (the LORD's word)→ constative aorist (the prior promise)λέγω: 'say'; recalls the LORD's promise concerning Caleb's inheritance, the warrant for his claim.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of εἶπενκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; author of the promise Caleb invokes.
τῇtheDativearticle (with ἡμέρᾳ)τῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time ('on that day')ἡμέρα: 'day'; the dative of time referring to the day of the Kadesh oracle.
ἐκείνῃthatDativedemonstrative (with ἡμέρᾳ: 'that day')ἐκεῖνος: 'that'; fixes the reference to the day of the original promise.
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction (grounding the appeal in Joshua's own hearing)ὅτι: 'because / for'; introduces the corroborating fact that Joshua himself heard the word.
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun: 'you yourself heard')σύ: the emphatic pronoun again invokes Joshua's personal, eyewitness testimony as corroboration (cf. v.6).
ἀκήκοαςyou have heardPerf Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀκούωmain verb of the causal clause (Joshua's enduring knowledge)→ resultative perfect (a past hearing with abiding present effect)ἀκούω: 'hear'; the perfect ἀκήκοας ('you have heard [and still know]') with its reduplicated stem stresses the abiding result — Joshua's continuing memory of the word makes him a competent witness to Caleb's claim.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ῥῆμα)τὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαwordAccusativedirect object of ἀκήκοαςῥῆμα: 'word / matter'; the divine word about Caleb's inheritance that Joshua personally heard.
τοῦτοthisAccusativedemonstrative (modifying ῥῆμα: 'this word')οὗτος: 'this'; points to the specific promise under discussion.
τῇtheDativearticle (with ἡμέρᾳ)τῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time ('on that day', repeated)ἡμέρα: 'day'; the repeated τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ emphasizes the shared, datable occasion of the promise.
ἐκείνῃthatDativedemonstrative (with ἡμέρᾳ: 'that day')ἐκεῖνος: 'that'; the repetition underscores the fixed historical anchor of the claim.
νυνὶnowtemporal adverb (emphatic form; pivot to present obstacle)νυνί: 'now' (the emphatic, strengthened form of νῦν); pivots from the remembered promise to the present obstacle of the Anakim.
δὲnow / buttransitional particle (post-positive; introduces the obstacle)δέ: here a mild transition introducing the present state of affairs — the formidable Anakim.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with Ενακιμ)οἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕνακιμAnakimnominative subject (indeclinable; the giant clans)Ενακιμ: transliteration of Hebrew עֲנָקִים (plural of עֲנָק), the giant 'sons of Anak'; indeclinable, here taking the article οἱ; their fearsome presence at Hebron was precisely what made the ten spies despair (Num 13:33) — Caleb now volunteers to face them.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place ('there', i.e. on the mountain)ἐκεῖ: 'there'; locates the Anakim in the hill-country Caleb requests.
εἰσινarePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopular verb (predicating the Anakim's presence)→ stative present (the present state of the land)εἰμί (3 pl. εἰσιν): 'be'; states the present reality — the giants still hold the hill-country, an obstacle Caleb names frankly before professing his confidence.
πόλειςcitiesNominativenominative (appositional/predicate: 'cities great and fortified')πόλις: 'city'; the fortified Anakim strongholds (cf. the spies' report of cities 'walled and very great,' Num 13:28); their formidability magnifies the faith of Caleb's request.
ὀχυραὶfortifiedNominativeattributive adjective (with πόλεις: 'fortified cities')ὀχυρός: 'strong / fortified / well-defended'; renders בָּצוּר; describes the walled defenses of the Anakim cities, echoing the spies' fearful report.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (linking the adjectives)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
μεγάλαιgreat / largeNominativeattributive adjective (with πόλεις: 'great cities')μέγας: 'great / large'; renders גְּדֹלוֹת; the pairing 'great and fortified' stresses the human impossibility of the task, setting up the faith-conditional that follows.
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (introducing the protasis with subjunctive)ἐάν: 'if'; introduces a future/prospective condition taking the subjunctive (ᾖ); frames the conquest as contingent on divine presence, not human strength.
οὖνtherefore / theninferential particle (drawing the conclusion of faith)οὖν: 'therefore / then'; draws the inference: given the LORD's promise, victory depends simply on his being with Caleb.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ᾖ (in the protasis)κύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the decisive factor — the LORD's accompanying presence is the ground of Caleb's confidence.
μετ᾿withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment; elided)μετά + gen.: 'with'; μετ᾿ ἐμοῦ ('with me') voices the covenant promise of divine presence (cf. Josh 1:5, 9) on which Caleb stakes the outcome.
ἐμοῦmeGenitivegenitive object of μετάἐγώ (gen. ἐμοῦ): 'me'; Caleb as the one accompanied by the LORD.
ᾖmay be / isPres Act Subj 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of the protasis (subjunctive with ἐάν)→ prospective present subjunctive (the condition envisaged as realizable)εἰμί (pres. subj. 3 sg. ᾖ): 'be'; the subjunctive with ἐάν frames the LORD's presence as the realizable condition for victory — Caleb's faith rests on the expectation that God will indeed be with him.
ἐξολεθρεύσωI will utterly destroyFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ἐξολεθρεύωmain verb (apodosis: Caleb's confident resolve)→ predictive/volitive future (faith-grounded confidence of victory)ἐξολεθρεύω: 'destroy utterly / exterminate'; the intensive ἐξ- compound; renders Hebrew הוֹרִישׁ / הִשְׁמִיד; a leitwort of the conquest's ḥerem theology; the confident future expresses not bravado but faith — with the LORD present, even the giant Anakim will be dispossessed.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object of ἐξολεθρεύσω (the Anakim)αὐτός: 'them,' i.e. the Anakim Caleb intends to drive out.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (in the comparative formula ὃν τρόπον)ὅς: relative pronoun; opens the closing comparative 'just as the LORD said.'
τρόπονmannerAccusativeadverbial accusative (with ὃν: 'just as')τρόπος: 'manner'; ὃν τρόπον εἶπέν μοι κύριος ('just as the LORD said to me') seals Caleb's confidence on the divine word.
εἶπένsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωverb of the comparative clause (the LORD's word to Caleb)→ constative aorist (the prior promise)λέγω: 'say'; the closing reference to the LORD's personal word to Caleb grounds the whole petition in divine promise.
μοιto meDativeindirect object of εἶπέν (Caleb)ἐγώ (dat. μοι): 'to me'; the LORD's word was addressed personally to Caleb, the basis of his assurance.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of εἶπένκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the divine speaker whose word underwrites Caleb's faith and closes his appeal.
13

καὶ εὐλόγησεν αὐτὸν Ἰησοῦς καὶ ἔδωκεν τὴν Χεβρων τῷ Χαλεβ υἱῷ Ιεφοννη υἱοῦ Κενεζ ἐν κλήρῳ

And Joshua blessed him and gave Hebron to Caleb son of Jephunneh, son of Kenaz, as an inheritance.

Resolution: Joshua grants the request (opens section D)καὶ εὐλόγησεν αὐτὸν Ἰησοῦς
Joshua responds with both a blessing (εὐλόγησεν) and the formal grant (ἔδωκεν … ἐν κλήρῳ) of Hebron — the very Anakim stronghold Caleb requested. The blessing publicly affirms Caleb's faith; the grant fulfils Moses' oath (v.9). Caleb's full genealogy (son of Jephunneh, son of Kenaz) is reiterated, fixing the legal title and tying the Kenizzite clan permanently to Hebron in Judah.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
εὐλόγησενblessedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὐλογέωmain verb (Joshua's blessing of Caleb)→ constative aorist (the completed act of blessing)εὐλογέω: 'bless / speak well of'; renders בֵּרַךְ; Joshua's blessing publicly endorses Caleb's faith and ratifies his claim before granting the land — a benediction fitting the patriarch-like granting of inheritance.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of εὐλόγησεν (Caleb)αὐτός: 'him,' i.e. Caleb, the recipient of blessing and inheritance.
ἸησοῦςJoshuaNominativesubject of εὐλόγησεν and ἔδωκενἸησοῦς: the commander who, presiding over the allotment, grants Caleb's request.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (linking the two acts)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (the formal grant of Hebron)→ constative aorist (the completed grant)δίδωμι: 'give'; renders נָתַן; the legal act of conveying Hebron to Caleb as a heritable possession, fulfilling Moses' sworn oath (v.9).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with the indeclinable place name Χεβρων, marking its accusative function)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧεβρωνHebrondirect object of ἔδωκεν (indeclinable place name; case shown by article τήν)Χεβρων: transliteration of Hebrew חֶבְרוֹן; indeclinable, so its grammatical case is marked by the article (here acc. τήν); the ancient city in the Judean hill-country, burial-place of the patriarchs (Gen 23), now granted to Caleb.
τῷtheDativearticle (with the indeclinable Χαλεβ, marking dative)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Χαλεβto Calebindirect object of ἔδωκεν (indeclinable; case shown by article τῷ)Χαλεβ: indeclinable; its dative function ('to Caleb') is marked by the article τῷ; the recipient of Hebron.
υἱῷsonDativedative in apposition to Χαλεβ ('to Caleb son of Jephunneh')υἱός (dat. υἱῷ): 'son'; the appositional genealogy fixes Caleb's legal identity for the land-grant.
Ιεφοννηof Jephunnehgenitive of filiation (indeclinable, with υἱῷ)Ιεφοννη: indeclinable; Caleb's father, here in genitive sense within the patronymic.
υἱοῦsonGenitivegenitive (further filiation: 'son of Kenaz')υἱός (gen. υἱοῦ): 'son'; extends the genealogy a further generation back to Kenaz, the clan ancestor.
Κενεζof Kenazgenitive of filiation (indeclinable, with υἱοῦ)Κενεζ: transliteration of Hebrew קְנַז (Kenaz); indeclinable; the eponymous ancestor of the Kenizzites, anchoring Caleb's clan-identity within Judah.
ἐνas / inpreposition + dative (predicative: 'as an inheritance')ἐν + dat.: in the Hebraizing predicative idiom ἐν κλήρῳ ('as/for an inheritance'), as in v.9.
κλήρῳan inheritanceDativedative in the idiom ἐν κλήρῳ (predicative: 'for an inheritance')κλῆρος: 'lot / inheritance'; Hebron is conveyed as Caleb's permanent allotted portion, the leitwort sealing the grant.
14

διὰ τοῦτο ἐγενήθη ἡ Χεβρων τῷ Χαλεβ τῷ τοῦ Ιεφοννη τοῦ Κενεζαίου ἐν κλήρῳ ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης διὰ τὸ αὐτὸν ἐπακολουθῆσαι τῷ προστάγματι κυρίου θεοῦ Ισραηλ

Therefore Hebron became the inheritance of Caleb son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite to this day, because he followed the command of the LORD God of Israel.

Etiological summary: the abiding result and its groundδιὰ τοῦτο
The narrator's etiological comment (διὰ τοῦτο … ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης, 'therefore … to this day') marks Hebron's enduring status as Caleb's family possession at the time of writing. The articular-infinitive causal clause διὰ τὸ αὐτὸν ἐπακολουθῆσαι ('because he followed') restates the chapter's theme in narratorial voice: the inheritance is the permanent reward of wholehearted obedience to τῷ προστάγματι κυρίου ('the command of the LORD').
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
διὰbecause of / thereforepreposition + accusative (causal, with τοῦτο: 'on account of this')διά + acc.: 'because of / on account of'; διὰ τοῦτο ('therefore') introduces the narrator's explanatory conclusion.
τοῦτοthisAccusativedemonstrative object of διά ('because of this')οὗτος: 'this'; refers to Caleb's faithfulness as the cause of the abiding grant.
ἐγενήθηbecameAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (Hebron's becoming Caleb's inheritance)→ constative aorist passive (the settled, accomplished result)γίνομαι (aor. pass. ἐγενήθη): 'become / come to be'; states the resultant settled status — Hebron became and remains Caleb's possession.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with Χεβρων, marking nominative subject)ἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧεβρωνHebronsubject of ἐγενήθη (indeclinable; case shown by article ἡ)Χεβρων: indeclinable; the article ἡ marks it as the feminine nominative subject — Hebron is treated as grammatically feminine (πόλις understood).
τῷtheDativearticle (with Χαλεβ, marking dative of possession)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Χαλεβto Calebdative of possession (indeclinable; case shown by article τῷ)Χαλεβ: indeclinable; the dative (marked by τῷ) of possession — Hebron became Caleb's.
τῷtheDativearticle (substantivizing the filiation phrase: 'the [son] of Jephunneh')ὁ τοῦ Ιεφοννη: the article + genitive idiom of filiation, in apposition to Χαλεβ.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with Ιεφοννη)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Ιεφοννηof Jephunnehgenitive of filiation (indeclinable)Ιεφοννη: indeclinable; Caleb's father, in the patronymic.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with the gentilic Κενεζαίου)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Κενεζαίουthe KenizziteGenitivegentilic adjective (genitive, qualifying Caleb's lineage)Κενεζαῖος (gen. Κενεζαίου): 'Kenizzite'; the declinable gentilic (cf. v.6) here in the genitive, fixing Caleb's clan identity in the formal etiological note.
ἐνas / inpreposition + dative (predicative: 'as an inheritance')ἐν + dat.: the predicative ἐν κλήρῳ idiom ('as an inheritance'), as in vv.9, 13.
κλήρῳan inheritanceDativedative in the idiom ἐν κλήρῳ (predicative)κλῆρος: 'lot / inheritance'; the recurring leitwort, here marking Hebron's abiding status as Caleb's allotted portion.
ἕωςuntil / topreposition + genitive (temporal extent: 'to this day')ἕως + gen.: 'until / up to'; in the etiological formula ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης ('to this day') marks the enduring validity of the possession at the narrator's time.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with ἡμέρας)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdayGenitivegenitive object of ἕως (temporal terminus)ἡμέρα: 'day'; the etiological 'to this day' (ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης) renders עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה, a narratorial formula attesting an enduring state of affairs.
ταύτηςthisGenitivedemonstrative (with ἡμέρας: 'this day')οὗτος: 'this'; fixes the reference to the narrator's own present.
διὰbecause ofpreposition + accusative (causal, with the articular infinitive)διά + acc.: 'because of'; here governs an articular infinitive (διὰ τὸ … ἐπακολουθῆσαι), a standard Greek causal construction ('because he followed').
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with the articular infinitive ἐπακολουθῆσαι)τό: the article nominalizing the infinitive in the causal construction διὰ τὸ … ἐπακολουθῆσαι.
αὐτὸνhe / himAccusativeaccusative subject of the articular infinitive ('because he followed')αὐτός: the accusative subject of the articular infinitive, referring to Caleb — 'because he followed.'
ἐπακολουθῆσαιfollowed / to follow afterAor Act Inf · ἐπακολουθέωarticular infinitive (causal: 'because he followed')→ constative aorist infinitive (the completed lifelong following, as cause)ἐπακολουθέω: 'follow after'; the third occurrence of the chapter's signature verb (cf. vv.8, 9), here in the narrator's voice; Caleb's lifelong following of the LORD's command is named as the very ground of his perpetual inheritance — the inheritance-by-perseverance theme stated as fact.
τῷtheDativearticle (with προστάγματι)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προστάγματιcommand / ordinanceDativedative object of ἐπακολουθῆσαι ('followed the command')πρόσταγμα: 'command / ordinance / decree'; renders Hebrew מִצְוָה / דָּבָר; the object of Caleb's following — not merely a person but the LORD's authoritative command, framing his faithfulness as covenant obedience.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive (with προστάγματι: 'the command of the LORD')κύριος (gen. κυρίου): the Tetragrammaton; the command Caleb followed is the LORD's own.
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive in apposition to κυρίου ('the LORD God of Israel')θεός: 'God'; the full divine title κυρίου θεοῦ Ισραηλ ('the LORD, God of Israel') solemnly identifies the covenant God whose command Caleb obeyed.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable, with θεοῦ: 'God of Israel')Ισραηλ: indeclinable; closes the divine title, grounding Caleb's faithfulness in covenant relationship with the God of the whole nation.
15

τὸ δὲ ὄνομα τῆς Χεβρων ἦν τὸ πρότερον πόλις Αρβοκ μητρόπολις τῶν Ενακιμ αὕτη καὶ ἡ γῆ ἐκόπασεν τοῦ πολέμου

Now the name of Hebron was formerly the city Arbok, the mother-city of the Anakim; and the land had rest from war.

Antiquarian closing note + conquest refrain (closes chapter and section D)τὸ δὲ ὄνομα
The chapter ends with an antiquarian gloss on Hebron's former name (Arbok, i.e. Kiriath-Arba, 'city of Arba,' the greatest of the Anakim; cf. 15:13) and its status as μητρόπολις τῶν Ενακιμ ('mother-city of the Anakim'). The closing clause ἡ γῆ ἐκόπασεν τοῦ πολέμου ('the land rested from war') is the formulaic conquest-refrain (cf. 11:23), framing the whole distribution as the fulfilment of God's promise of rest and rounding off the Caleb narrative on a note of accomplished peace.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
τὸtheNominativearticle (with ὄνομα)τὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲnowtransitional particle (post-positive; introduces the closing note)δέ: 'now / and'; post-positive; marks the shift to the antiquarian closing comment.
ὄνομαnameNominativesubject (of ἦν: 'the name … was')ὄνομα: 'name'; renders שֵׁם; introduces the etymological/antiquarian note on Hebron's older name.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with Χεβρων, marking genitive)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Χεβρωνof Hebrongenitive (indeclinable; case shown by article τῆς: 'the name of Hebron')Χεβρων: indeclinable; the genitive (marked by τῆς) — 'the name of Hebron.'
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopular verb (predicate: 'the name … was [formerly] the city Arbok')→ stative imperfect (the former, past state of affairs)εἰμί (impf. ἦν): 'be'; the imperfect describes the former name as a past, no-longer-current designation.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with the adverbial accusative πρότερον: 'formerly')τὸ πρότερον: the articular neuter accusative used adverbially, 'formerly / in former time.'
πρότερονformerlyAccusativeadverbial accusative (comparative adjective used adverbially: 'formerly')πρότερος: 'former / earlier'; the neuter τὸ πρότερον functions adverbially ('formerly, previously'), marking Arbok as the city's older name before it became Hebron.
πόλιςcityNominativepredicate nominative (with ἦν: 'was the city Arbok')πόλις: 'city'; with the name Αρβοκ identifies Hebron's former designation, 'the city (of) Arbok' (= Kiriath-Arba).
ΑρβοκArbokindeclinable proper noun (in apposition to πόλις)Αρβοκ: transliteration of Hebrew אַרְבַּע (Arba); indeclinable; the city was Kiriath-Arba ('city of Arba'), named for Arba 'the greatest man among the Anakim' (Josh 14:15 MT; 15:13), later renamed Hebron.
μητρόπολιςmother-city / metropolisNominativenominative in apposition (further describing Arbok: 'mother-city of the Anakim')μητρόπολις: 'mother-city / capital'; lit. 'mother-city' (μήτηρ + πόλις); designates Arbok/Hebron as the chief city of the Anakim, the giant clans — underscoring that Caleb received their very capital.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with Ενακιμ)τῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Ενακιμof the Anakimgenitive (indeclinable; with μητρόπολις: 'mother-city of the Anakim')Ενακιμ: indeclinable; the article τῶν marks the genitive — the Anakim whose chief city this was (cf. v.12).
αὕτηthis (was she)Nominativedemonstrative pronoun (resumptive/emphatic: 'this [city]', closing the antiquarian note)οὗτος (fem. αὕτη): 'this (one)'; a resumptive feminine demonstrative emphasizing the identity of the city just described; the feminine agrees with πόλις/Χεβρων, perhaps with a sense 'such was it.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the closing refrain)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with γῆ)ἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandNominativesubject (of ἐκόπασεν: 'the land rested')γῆ: 'land'; in the conquest-refrain the land itself is the subject that 'rested from war' (cf. 11:23), personifying the achieved peace of the promised land.
ἐκόπασενrested / ceasedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κοπάζωmain verb (the land's rest from war)→ ingressive/constative aorist (the land came to rest from war)κοπάζω: 'grow weary / abate / cease / rest'; renders שָׁקַט ('be quiet, have rest'); the formulaic ἡ γῆ ἐκόπασεν τοῦ πολέμου ('the land rested from war') closes the conquest-and-distribution narrative (cf. 11:23; Judg 3:11), declaring the divine gift of rest fulfilled.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with πολέμου)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πολέμουfrom warGenitivegenitive of separation (with ἐκόπασεν: 'rested from war')πόλεμος: 'war'; the genitive of separation completes the idiom 'rested from war,' marking the cessation of conquest-warfare and the inauguration of the promised rest in the land.