1
ἐγὼ ἀνὴρ ὁ βλέπων πτωχείαν ἐν ῥάβδῳ θυμοῦ αὐτοῦ ἐπ' ἐμέ
I am the man who has seen affliction under the rod of his wrath against me.
The poem begins with a single afflicted voice, giving the book's grief a concentrated personal embodiment.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βλέπωνwho sawV1 · παπνσμ βλέπωparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ βλέπω: meaning 'who saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
πτωχείανpoverty / afflictionN1A ASF · πτωχείαcommon noun within the clause→ object focus or directional goalπτωχεία: meaning 'poverty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ῥάβδῳrodN2 DSF · ῥάβδοςcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceῥάβδος: meaning 'rod'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
θυμοῦangerN2 GSM · θυμόςgenitive modifier→ relational specificationθυμός: meaning 'anger'; it serves as genitive modifier.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμέegoRP AS · ἐγώaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceἐμέ: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
2
παρέλαβέν με καὶ ἀπήγαγεν εἰς σκότος καὶ οὐ φῶς
He took me and led me into darkness and not light.
Affliction is framed as divine leading, but into darkness rather than deliverance.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
παρέλαβένtookVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseλαμβάνω + παρα: meaning 'took'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπήγαγενbrought / led awayVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + ἀποmain verb (leading the prisoners off)→ eventἄγω + ἀπο: meaning 'brought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (leading the prisoners off).
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σκότοςdarknessN2 ASM · σκότοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalσκότος: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative element functioning as object, goal, or extent→ object specificationφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, goal, or extent.
3
πλὴν ἐν ἐμοὶ ἐπέστρεψεν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν
Surely against me he turned his hand all the day.
The relentless repetition of divine hostility marks suffering as continuous and total.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
πλὴνexceptD · πλήνpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλὴν: meaning 'except'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμοὶmeRP DS · ἐγώpronoun→ participant reference or interestἐμοὶ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
ἐπέστρεψενturned backVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turned back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὅληνwholeA1 ASF · ὅλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅλος: meaning 'whole'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
4
ἐπαλαίωσεν σάρκας μου καὶ δέρμα μου ὀστέα μου συνέτριψεν
He wore out my flesh and my skin; he shattered my bones.
The body itself becomes the register of judgment, from skin to bone.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐπαλαίωσενwore outVAI AAI3S · παλαιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαλαιόω: meaning 'wore out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σάρκαςfleshN3K APF · σάρξfirst direct object of ἐξέχεαν→ object specificationσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as first direct object of ἐξέχεαν.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέρμαhide / skinN3M ASN · δέρμαsubject of ἔσται (the perquisite)→ object specificationδέρμα: meaning 'hide'; it serves as subject of ἔσται (the perquisite).
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὀστέαbonesN2N APN · ὀστέονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
συνέτριψενtore apart / crushedVAI AAI3S · τρίβω + συνmain verb (the deed)→ effective aorist (completed act of destruction)τρίβω + συν: meaning 'tore apart'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the deed).
5
ἀνῳκοδόμησεν κατ' ἐμοῦ καὶ ἐκύκλωσεν κεφαλήν μου καὶ ἐμόχθησεν
He built against me and encircled my head and weariness.
The siege imagery turns inward: the speaker feels himself as a city surrounded and worn down.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἀνῳκοδόμησενbuilt againstVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseοἰκοδομέω + ἀνα: meaning 'built against'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατ'againstP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατ': meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκύκλωσενsurroundedVAI AAI3S · κυκλόωmain verb governing αὐτὴν→ constative aoristκυκλόω: meaning 'surrounded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb governing αὐτὴν.
κεφαλήνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμόχθησενwearinessVAI AAI3S · μοχθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ tested pleasure and limited enjoymentμοχθέω: meaning 'weariness'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
6
ἐν σκοτεινοῖς ἐκάθισέν με ὡς νεκροὺς αἰῶνος
He made me sit in dark places like the dead of old.
To sit in darkness is to inhabit the realm of the long dead while still alive.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σκοτεινοῖςdark placesA1 DPM · σκοτεινόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσκοτεινός: meaning 'dark places'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐκάθισένmade sitVAI AAI3S · ἵζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵζω + κατα: meaning 'made sit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
νεκροὺςdeadN2 APM · νεκρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ object specificationνεκρός: meaning 'dead'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement.
αἰῶνοςage / foreverN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
7
ἀνῳκοδόμησεν κατ' ἐμοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐξελεύσομαι ἐβάρυνεν χαλκόν μου
He built against me so that I cannot go out; he made my bronze chain heavy.
The image of heavy bronze captures confinement and the impossibility of escape.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἀνῳκοδόμησενbuilt againstVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseοἰκοδομέω + ἀνα: meaning 'built against'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατ'againstP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατ': meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐξελεύσομαιgo outVF FMI1S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ future projectionἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'go out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐβάρυνενmade heavyVAI AAI3S · βαρύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseβαρύνω: meaning 'made heavy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χαλκόνbronzeN2 ASM · χαλκόςaccusative complement→ object specificationχαλκός: meaning 'bronze'; it serves as accusative complement.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
8
καί γε κεκράξομαι καὶ βοήσω ἀπέφραξεν προσευχήν μου
Even when I cry out and shout, he shut out my prayer.
Even loud prayer seems barred, intensifying the sense of abandonment.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καίandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γεindeedX · γέcommon noun within the clause→ tested pleasure and limited enjoymentγέ: meaning 'indeed'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
κεκράξομαιshall I cry outVFX FMI1S · κράζωmain verb→ futureκράζω: meaning 'shall I cry out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βοήσωshall I cryVF FAI1S · βοάωverbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationβοάω: meaning 'shall I cry'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἀπέφραξενshut outVAI AAI3S · φράσσω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseφράσσω + ἀπο: meaning 'shut out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
προσευχήνprayerN1 ASF · προσευχήaccusative (anticipating the object of εἰσακούσῃ in v. 39)→ object specificationπροσευχή: meaning 'prayer'; it serves as accusative (anticipating the object of εἰσακούσῃ in v. 39).
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
9
ἀνῳκοδόμησεν ὁδούς μου ἐνέφραξεν τρίβους μου ἐτάραξεν
He built up my ways and blocked my paths; he threw them into confusion.
Blocked roads and disturbed paths make providence feel inaccessible and disordered.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ἀνῳκοδόμησενbuilt againstVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseοἰκοδομέω + ἀνα: meaning 'built against'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁδούςwayN2 APF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ object specificationὁδούς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνέφραξενhe blockedVAI AAI3S · φράσσω + ἐνfinite verb advancing the clause→ aoristic force presenting the action as a discrete event in the court narrativeφράσσω + ἐν: meaning 'he blocked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τρίβουςpathsN2 APF · τρίβοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationτρίβος: meaning 'paths'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐτάραξενthrew into confusionVAI AAI3S · ταράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ folly, labor, and public orderταράσσω: meaning 'threw into confusion'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
ἄρκος ἐνεδρεύουσα αὐτός μοι λέων ἐν κρυφαίοις
He is to me a bear lying in wait, a lion in secret places.
God is figured as lurking predator, a shocking reversal of expected protection.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ἄρκοςbearN2 NSM · ἄρκοςnominative element functioning within the clause→ participant prominenceἄρκος: meaning 'bear'; it serves as nominative element functioning within the clause.
ἐνεδρεύουσαlying in waitV1 · παπνσφ ἐνεδρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπνσφ ἐνεδρεύω: meaning 'lying in wait'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόςhisRD NSM · αὐτόςpronoun→ participant referenceαὐτός: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
λέωνlionN3W NSM · λέωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant prominenceλέων: meaning 'lion'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κρυφαίοιςsecret placesA1A DPM · κρυφαῖοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκρυφαῖος: meaning 'secret places'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
11
κατεδίωξεν ἀφεστηκότα καὶ κατέπαυσέν με ἔθετό με ἠφανισμένην
He pursued one who had turned aside and left me exhausted; he made me desolate.
The speaker is chased down after trying to turn aside, then left desolate.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
κατεδίωξενpursuedVAI AAI3S · διώκω + καταverb of the relative clause→ constative aorist (each man's pursuit)διώκω + κατα: meaning 'pursued'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of the relative clause.
ἀφεστηκόταone who had turned asideVXI XAPASMI(/STHMI · ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἀπο: meaning 'one who had turned aside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέπαυσένleft exhaustedVAI AAI3S · παύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαύω + κατα: meaning 'left exhausted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἔθετόsetVEI AMI3S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause's action according to its tense-form and moodτίθημι: meaning 'set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἠφανισμένηνdesolateVAI AMPASFI(/ZW · ἀπο + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἀπο + ἀνα: meaning 'desolate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
ἐνέτεινεν τόξον αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐστήλωσέν με ὡς σκοπὸν εἰς βέλος
He bent his bow and set me up as a target for the arrow.
The targeted body becomes a marked object of wrath.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐνέτεινενdraw / stretchVAI AAI3S · τείνω + ἐνfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristτείνω + ἐν: meaning 'draw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τόξονbowN2N ASN · τόξονaccusative object or complement→ object specificationτόξον: meaning 'bow'; it serves as accusative object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστήλωσένset upVAI AAI3S · στηλόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseστηλόω: meaning 'set up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
σκοπὸνas a marker / for gazingN2 ASM · σκοπόςaccusative in apposition / predicate complement to λίθον→ public reversal and the collapse of the ungodlyσκοπός: meaning 'as a marker'; it serves as accusative in apposition / predicate complement to λίθον.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
βέλοςarrowN3E ASN · βέλοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationβέλος: meaning 'arrow'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
13
εἰσήγαγεν τοῖς νεφροῖς μου ἰοὺς φαρέτρας αὐτοῦ
He brought the arrows of his quiver into my inward parts.
The innermost self is pierced by the weapons of judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
εἰσήγαγενἄγωVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + εἰςfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + εἰς: meaning 'ἄγω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεφροῖςinward partsN2 DPM · νεφρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipientνεφρός: meaning 'inward parts'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἰοὺςarrowsN2 APM · ἰόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalἰός: meaning 'arrows'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φαρέτραςquiverN1A GSF · φαρέτραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or qualityφαρέτρα: meaning 'quiver'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
14
ἐγενήθην γέλως παντὶ λαῷ μου ψαλμὸς αὐτῶν ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν
I became a laughingstock to all my people, their song all the day.
Public ridicule adds social humiliation to inward pain.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐγενήθηνhave becomeVCI API1S · γίγνομαιmain verb of the contrast clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: meaning 'have become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the contrast clause.
γέλωςlaughingstockN3T NSM · γέλωςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγέλως: meaning 'laughingstock'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ψαλμὸςsongN2 NSM · ψαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψαλμός: meaning 'song'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὅληνwholeA1 ASF · ὅλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅλος: meaning 'whole'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
15
ἐχόρτασέν με πικρίας ἐμέθυσέν με χολῆς
He filled me with bitterness; he made me drunk with gall.
Bitterness and gall become the tasted substance of the speaker's life.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ἐχόρτασένfilledVAI AAI3S · χορτάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseχορτάζω: meaning 'filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
πικρίαςbitternessN1A GSF · πικρίαgenitive nominal qualifying another element or marking relation→ relational specificationπικρία: meaning 'bitterness'; it serves as genitive nominal qualifying another element or marking relation.
ἐμέθυσένmade drunkVAI AAI3S · μεθύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseμεθύω: meaning 'made drunk'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
χολῆςgallN1 GSF · χολήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ qualification or possessive relationχολή: meaning 'gall'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
16
καὶ ἐξέβαλεν ψήφῳ ὀδόντας μου ἐψώμισέν με σποδόν
And he drove my teeth out with gravel; he fed me ashes.
Gravel and ashes portray affliction as both physical abrasion and funeral degradation.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέβαλενexpelledVBI AAI3S · βάλλω + ἐκmain verb (the hornet expels the enemy)→ constative aoristβάλλω + ἐκ: meaning 'expelled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the hornet expels the enemy).
ψήφῳgravelN2 DSF · ψῆφοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipientψῆφος: meaning 'gravel'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὀδόνταςὀδούςN3 APM · ὀδούςgenitive element qualifying another term→ object specificationὀδούς: meaning 'ὀδούς'; it serves as genitive element qualifying another term.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐψώμισένfedVAI AAI3S · ψωμίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause's action or stateψωμίζω: meaning 'fed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
σποδόνashesN2 ASF · σποδόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ repentance, intercession, and restorationσποδός: meaning 'ashes'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
17
καὶ ἀπώσατο ἐξ εἰρήνης ψυχήν μου ἐπελαθόμην ἀγαθὰ
And he rejected my soul from peace; I forgot good things.
Peace and remembered goodness recede together.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπώσατοrejectedVAI AMI3S · ὠθέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseὠθέω + ἀπο: meaning 'rejected'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
εἰρήνηςpeaceN1 GSF · εἰρήνηobject of μετ'→ relational specificationεἰρήνη: meaning 'peace'; it serves as object of μετ'.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐπελαθόμηνI forgotVBI AMI1S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'I forgot'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγαθὰgood thingsA1 APN · ἀγαθόςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ object specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good things'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
18
καὶ εἶπα ἀπώλετο νεῖκός μου καὶ ἡ ἐλπίς μου ἀπὸ κυρίου
And I said, “My endurance has perished, and my hope from the Lord.”
The speaker names the point of collapse: endurance and hope seem extinguished.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπαI saidVAI AAI1S · εἶπονfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'I said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
ἀπώλετοperishedVBI AAI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'perished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νεῖκόςenduranceN3E ASN · νεῖκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ accusative element marking object or goalνεῖκος: meaning 'endurance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλπίςhopeN3D NSF · ἐλπίςnominal term functioning as a nominative term→ participant prominenceἐλπίς: meaning 'hope'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a nominative term.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
19
ἐμνήσθην ἀπὸ πτωχείας μου καὶ ἐκ διωγμοῦ μου πικρίας καὶ χολῆς μου
I remembered my poverty and my persecution, my bitterness and my gall.
Memory does not soothe; it deepens the taste of bitterness.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐμνήσθηνrememberedVSI API1S · μιμνήσκωverbal element carrying the clause's action or process→ constative aoristμιμνήσκω: meaning 'remembered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πτωχείαςpovertyN1A GSF · πτωχείαnoun functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationπτωχεία: meaning 'poverty'; it serves as noun functioning within the clause or phrase.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
διωγμοῦpersecutionN2 GSM · διωγμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or qualityδιωγμός: meaning 'persecution'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
πικρίαςbitternessN1A GSF · πικρίαgenitive nominal qualifying another element or marking relation→ relational specificationπικρία: meaning 'bitterness'; it serves as genitive nominal qualifying another element or marking relation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χολῆςgallN1 GSF · χολήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ qualification or possessive relationχολή: meaning 'gall'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
20
μνησθήσεται καὶ καταδολεσχήσει ἐπ' ἐμὲ ἡ ψυχή μου
My soul will surely remember and will speak anxiously within me.
The soul circles back over grief restlessly within.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
μνησθήσεταιhe will rememberVS FPI3S · μιμνήσκωmain verb giving the reason for urgency→ future middle/passive indicativeμιμνήσκω: meaning 'he will remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb giving the reason for urgency.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταδολεσχήσειspeak anxiouslyVF FAI3S · ἀδολεσχέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἀδολεσχέω + κατα: meaning 'speak anxiously'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
21
ταύτην τάξω εἰς τὴν καρδίαν μου διὰ τοῦτο ὑπομενῶ
This I will set in my heart; therefore I will endure.
Hope begins not in changed circumstances but in an act of inward recollection.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ταύτηνthisRD ASF · οὗτοςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceταύτην: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τάξωI appointVF FAI1S · τάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτάσσω: meaning 'I appoint'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὑπομενῶI will waitVF2 FAI1S · μένω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμένω + ὑπο: meaning 'I will wait'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
25
ἀγαθὸς κύριος τοῖς ὑπομένουσιν αὐτόν ψυχῇ ἣ ζητήσει αὐτὸν ἀγαθὸν
The Lord is good to those who wait for him, to the soul that seeks him.
The first clear theological turn names the Lord as good to waiting seekers.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀγαθὸςgoodA1 NSM · ἀγαθόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπομένουσινwait forV1 PAI3P · μένω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμένω + ὑπο: meaning 'wait for'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ψυχῇsoulN1 DSF · ψυχήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἣwhichRR NSF · ὅςPronominal reference→ participant referenceἣ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
ζητήσειshall seekVF FAI3S · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardζητέω: meaning 'shall seek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἀγαθὸνgoodA1 ASM · ἀγαθόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
26
καὶ ὑπομενεῖ καὶ ἡσυχάσει εἰς τὸ σωτήριον κυρίου
It is good that one should wait quietly for the salvation of the Lord.
Silence is revalued here as patient expectancy before God.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπομενεῖὑποVF2 FAI3S · μένω + ὑποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechμένω + ὑπο: meaning 'ὑπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡσυχάσειwait quietlyVA AAI3S · ἡσυχάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἡσυχάζω: meaning 'wait quietly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτήριονsalvationN2N ASN · σωτήριονaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationσωτήριον: meaning 'salvation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
27
ἀγαθὸν ἀνδρὶ ὅταν ἄρῃ ζυγὸν ἐν νεότητι αὐτοῦ
It is good for a man when he bears a yoke in his youth.
Early discipline under the yoke is treated as severe but potentially salutary.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἀγαθὸνgoodA1 ASM · ἀγαθόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀνδρὶmanN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ὅτανwhenD · ὅτανadverb or negative particle shaping the clause-level sense→ indefinite temporal contingencyὅταν: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄρῃhe bringVA AAS3S · αἴρωverb of feared consequence→ subjunctive contingencyαἴρω: meaning 'he bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of feared consequence.
ζυγὸνyokeN2 ASN · ζυγόςdirect object of ἆραι→ Davidic hope and righteous kingshipζυγός: meaning 'yoke'; it serves as direct object of ἆραι.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
νεότητιyouthN3T DSF · νεότηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceνεότης: meaning 'youth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
28
καθήσεται κατὰ μόνας καὶ σιωπήσεται ὅτι ἦρεν ἐφ' ἑαυτῷ
He will sit alone and keep silence, because he has laid it upon himself.
Lonely silence becomes a posture of submission rather than mere abandonment.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καθήσεταιhe will sitVF FMI3S · ἧμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'he will sit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μόναςitself aloneA1 APF · μόνοςAccusative adverbial complement in the idiom of isolation→ object specificationμόνος: meaning 'itself alone'; it serves as Accusative adverbial complement in the idiom of isolation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σιωπήσεταιshall keep silenceVF FMI3S · σιωπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultσιωπάω: meaning 'shall keep silence'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦρενtook upVAI AAI3S · αἴρωmain verb describing recovery of the body→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeαἴρω: meaning 'took up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb describing recovery of the body.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἑαυτῷhimself / themselvesRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτῷ: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
30
δώσει τῷ παίοντι αὐτὸν σιαγόνα χορτασθήσεται ὀνειδισμῶν
He will give his cheek to the one striking him; he will be filled with reproaches.
Yielding the cheek receives reproach without retaliation, deepening the discipline of waiting.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
δώσειgiveVF FAI3S · δίδωμιmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παίοντιone strikingV1 · παπδσμ παίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπδσμ παίω: meaning 'one striking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
σιαγόναcheekN3W ASM · σιαγώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalσιαγών: meaning 'cheek'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χορτασθήσεταιwill be filledVC FPI3S · χορτάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureχορτάζω: meaning 'will be filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀνειδισμῶνreproachesN2 GPM · ὀνειδισμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀνειδισμός: meaning 'reproaches'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
31
ὅτι οὐκ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ἀπώσεται κύριος
For the Lord will not cast off forever.
The hope of the chapter rests on the claim that rejection is not endless.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἀπώσεταιwill be driven awayVF FMI3S · ὠθέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὠθέω + ἀπο: meaning 'will be driven away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
32
ὅτι ὁ ταπεινώσας οἰκτιρήσει κατὰ τὸ πλῆθος τοῦ ἐλέους αὐτοῦ
For though he humbled, he will show compassion according to the abundance of his mercy.
Compassion is set beside humbling, not as its denial but as its coming answer.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταπεινώσαςhaving humbledVA · ααπνσμ ταπεινόωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal ideaααπνσμ ταπεινόω: meaning 'having humbled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
οἰκτιρήσειwill have compassionVF FAI3S · οἰκτείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseοἰκτείρω: meaning 'will have compassion'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative object or complement→ object specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as accusative object or complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλέουςmercyN3E GSM · ἔλεοςcommon noun within the clauseἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
33
ὅτι οὐκ ἀπεκρίθη ἀπὸ καρδίας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐταπείνωσεν υἱοὺς ἀνδρός
For he did not answer from his heart, yet he humbled the sons of man.
The Lord's affliction is not portrayed as his deepest delight or native desire.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀπεκρίθηansweredVCI API3S · κρίνω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'answered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive dependent→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive dependent.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐταπείνωσενhumbledVAI AAI3S · ταπεινόωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist indicative presenting the action as a completed wholeταπεινόω: meaning 'humbled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἀνδρόςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive element qualifying another term→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive element qualifying another term.
34
τοῦ ταπεινῶσαι ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ πάντας δεσμίους γῆς
To crush under his feet all the prisoners of the earth,
The poem denies that the Lord approves the crushing of prisoners as such.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταπεινῶσαιhumbleVA AAN · ταπεινόωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ core verbal force advancing the narrative, interpretation, or royal responseταπεινόω: meaning 'humble'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement→ relation marked by the governing prepositionὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόδαςpoysN3D APM · πούςaccusative object / complement within the clause→ object specificationπούς: meaning 'poys'; it serves as accusative object / complement within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
δεσμίουςprisonersN2 APM · δέσμιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalδέσμιος: meaning 'prisoners'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
35
τοῦ ἐκκλῖναι κρίσιν ἀνδρὸς κατέναντι προσώπου ὑψίστου
to turn aside the justice of a man before the face of the Most High,
Perverted justice before the Most High stands under implicit rebuke.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκκλῖναιto turn asideVA AAN · κλίνω + ἐκcomplementary infinitive with ἦν→ infinitival complementκλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'to turn aside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as complementary infinitive with ἦν.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
κατέναντιoppositeD · κατέναντιparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ adverbial nuanceκατέναντι: meaning 'opposite'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ὑψίστουMost HighA1 GSM · ὕψιστοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependent→ relational specificationὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as adjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependent.
36
καταδικάσαι ἄνθρωπον ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαι αὐτὸν κύριος οὐκ εἶπεν
to condemn a man in his case—the Lord did not approve.
Human condemnation in court is not equated with divine approval.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καταδικάσαιto condemnVA AAN · δικάζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ patient judgment and the character of divine ruleδικάζω + κατα: meaning 'to condemn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνθρωπονmanN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative object of πρός.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίνεσθαιto be judgedV1 PMN · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκρίνω: meaning 'to be judged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
37
τίς οὕτως εἶπεν καὶ ἐγενήθη κύριος οὐκ ἐνετείλατο
Who has spoken and it came to pass, if the Lord did not command it?
History is not autonomous; what comes to pass does so under the Lord's sovereign word.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενήθηbecome / happenVCI API3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ ingressive aorist middle/passiveγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐνετείλατοcommandedVAI AMI3S · τέλλομαι + ἐνverbal element advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardτέλλομαι + ἐν: meaning 'commanded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the clause.
38
ἐκ στόματος ὑψίστου οὐκ ἐξελεύσεται τὰ κακὰ καὶ τὸ ἀγαθόν
From the mouth of the Most High will not come both evils and good?
The speaker confronts providence directly: both calamity and good lie under the Most High.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ὑψίστουMost HighA1 GSM · ὕψιστοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependent→ relational specificationὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as adjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependent.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐξελεύσεταιshall come forthVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verb (prophetic prediction)→ future middle verbal form projecting a coming actionἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'shall come forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (prophetic prediction).
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κακὰevilsA1 APN · κακόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evils'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαθόνgoodA1 ASN · ἀγαθόςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
39
τί γογγύσει ἄνθρωπος ζῶν ἀνὴρ περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας αὐτοῦ
Why should a living man complain, a man concerning his own sin?
Complaint must be chastened by recognition of one's own sinfulness.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
γογγύσειcomplainVF FAI3S · γογγύζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ future projection or promised resultγογγύζω: meaning 'complain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ζῶνlivingV3 · παπνσμ ζάωcircumstantial participle→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ζάω: meaning 'living'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A GSF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
40
ἐξηρευνήθη ἡ ὁδὸς ἡμῶν καὶ ἠτάσθη καὶ ἐπιστρέψωμεν ἕως κυρίου
Our way has been searched out and examined; let us return to the Lord.
The singular lament opens into communal exhortation: examine, test, and return.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐξηρευνήθηwas searched outVCI API3S · ἐρευνάω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ edom judged and zion restored under the Lordἐρευνάω + ἐκ: meaning 'was searched out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδὸςwayN2 NSF · ὁδόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠτάσθηwas examinedVSI API3S · ἐτάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἐτάζω: meaning 'was examined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστρέψωμενlet us returnVA AAS1P · στρέφω + ἐπιhortatory subjunctive for a later return→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'let us return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as hortatory subjunctive for a later return.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
41
ἀναλάβωμεν καρδίας ἡμῶν ἐπὶ χειρῶν πρὸς ὑψηλὸν ἐν οὐρανῷ
Let us lift up our hearts with our hands to the Most High in heaven.
Inner surrender and bodily prayer are joined in the lift toward heaven.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἀναλάβωμενlet us lift upVB AAS1P · λαμβάνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseλαμβάνω + ἀνα: meaning 'let us lift up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καρδίαςheartN1A APF · καρδίαcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive (source of the works)→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as genitive (source of the works).
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ὑψηλὸνypselosA1 ASM · ὑψηλόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationὑψηλός: meaning 'ypselos'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
οὐρανῷheavenN2 DSM · οὐρανόςdative complement→ sphere or referenceοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as dative complement.
42
ἡμαρτήσαμεν ἠσεβήσαμεν καὶ οὐχ ἱλάσθης
We sinned, we acted impiously, and you were not propitiated.
The community speaks plainly of sin and the absence of atonement.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
ἡμαρτήσαμενwe sinnedVAI AAI1P · ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'we sinned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἠσεβήσαμενασεβεωVAI AAI1P · ἀσεβέωmain verbal form advancing the clause's action, assertion, or promise→ aoristἀσεβέω: meaning 'ασεβεω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause's action, assertion, or promise.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ simple negationοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἱλάσθηςyou were propitiatedVCI API2S · ἱλάσκομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἱλάσκομαι: meaning 'you were propitiated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
43
ἐπεσκέπασας ἐν θυμῷ καὶ ἀπεδίωξας ἡμᾶς ἀπέκτεινας οὐκ ἐφείσω
You covered yourself in wrath and pursued us; you slew and did not spare.
Wrath is again active, pursuing and slaying without sparing.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐπεσκέπασαςyou coveredVAI AAI2S · σκεπάζω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseσκεπάζω + ἐπι: meaning 'you covered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
θυμῷwrathN2 DSM · θυμόςDative complement→ sphere or referenceθυμός: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as Dative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεδίωξαςyou pursuedVAI AAI2S · διώκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseδιώκω + ἀπο: meaning 'you pursued'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀπέκτειναςkilledVAI AAI2S · κτείνω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristκτείνω + ἀπο: meaning 'killed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐφείσωyou have withheldVAI AMI2S · φείδομαιmain verb of second ground clause→ patient judgment and the character of divine ruleφείδομαι: meaning 'you have withheld'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of second ground clause.
44
ἐπεσκέπασας νεφέλην σεαυτῷ εἵνεκεν προσευχῆς
You covered yourself with a cloud because of prayer.
A cloud now stands between prayer and God, dramatizing felt non-access.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
ἐπεσκέπασαςyou coveredVAI AAI2S · σκεπάζω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseσκεπάζω + ἐπι: meaning 'you covered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νεφέληννεφέληN1 ASF · νεφέληaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationνεφέλη: meaning 'νεφέλη'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
σεαυτῷfor yourselfRD DSM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form referring to the participant already in view→ participant reference or interestσεαυτῷ: meaning 'for yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant already in view.
εἵνεκενbecause ofD · εἵνεκενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseεἵνεκεν: meaning 'because of'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσευχῆςprayerN1 GSF · προσευχήgenitive element qualifying another term→ relational specificationπροσευχή: meaning 'prayer'; it serves as genitive element qualifying another term.
45
καμμύσαι με καὶ ἀπωσθῆναι ἔθηκας ἡμᾶς ἐν μέσῳ τῶν λαῶν
You made us blind and rejected in the midst of the peoples.
The people experience themselves as both despised and discarded among the nations.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καμμύσαιto blindVA AAN · καμμύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseκαμμύω: meaning 'to blind'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπωσθῆναιto be rejectedVA AMN · ὠθέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseὠθέω + ἀπο: meaning 'to be rejected'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔθηκαςyou madeVAI AAI2S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ aorist indicative presenting the action as a completed wholeτίθημι: meaning 'you made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαῶνpeopleN2 GPM · λαόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
46
διήνοιξαν ἐφ' ἡμᾶς τὸ στόμα αὐτῶν πάντες οἱ ἐχθροὶ ἡμῶν
All our enemies opened their mouth against us.
Enemy speech encircles the community with accusation and triumph.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
διήνοιξανopenedVAI AAI3P · οἴγω + δια + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseοἴγω + δια + ἀνα: meaning 'opened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροὶenemiesA1A NPM · ἐχθρόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ speech, worship, and inward dispositionἐχθρός: meaning 'enemies'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
47
φόβος καὶ θυμὸς ἐγενήθη ἡμῖν ἔπαρσις καὶ συντριβή
Fear and wrath came upon us, exaltation and crushing.
The language stacks terror, upheaval, and destruction in quick succession.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυμὸςvenom / rageN2 NSM · θυμόςpredicate nominative ('their wine is venom')→ participant prominenceθυμός: meaning 'venom'; it serves as predicate nominative ('their wine is venom').
ἐγενήθηbecome / happenVCI API3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ ingressive aorist middle/passiveγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complement→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form functioning as a dative complement.
ἔπαρσιςpride / exaltationN3I NSF · ἔπαρσιςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔπαρσις: meaning 'pride'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συντριβήcrushingN1 NSF · συντριβήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionσυντριβή: meaning 'crushing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
48
ἀφέσεις ὑδάτων κατάξει ὁ ὀφθαλμός μου ἐπὶ τὸ σύντριμμα τῆς θυγατρὸς τοῦ λαοῦ μου
Streams of water my eye will bring down for the destruction of the daughter of my people.
The eye becomes a torrent because the daughter of the people lies in ruins.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἀφέσειςchannelsN3I NPF · ἄφεσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ locust devastation and communal lamentἄφεσις: meaning 'channels'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑδάτωνὕδωρN3T GPN · ὕδωρGenitive modifier→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'ὕδωρ'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
κατάξειwill bring downVF FAI3S · ἄγω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ oracle-specific judgment emphasisἄγω + κατα: meaning 'will bring down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμόςeyeN2 NSM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σύντριμμαruinN3M ASN · σύντριμμαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationσύντριμμα: meaning 'ruin'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυγατρὸςdaughterN3 GSF · θυγάτηρdaughter-term in a marital or maternal notice→ relational specificationθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as daughter-term in a marital or maternal notice.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
49
ὁ ὀφθαλμός μου κατεπόθη καὶ οὐ σιγήσομαι τοῦ μὴ εἶναι ἔκνηψιν
My eye was swallowed up, and I will not be silent, so that there may be no relief,
The refusal of silence keeps lament alive until God sees.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμόςeyeN2 NSM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
κατεπόθηwas swallowed upVCI API3S · πίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίνω + κατα: meaning 'was swallowed up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
σιγήσομαιI will be silentVF FMI1S · σιγάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseσιγάω: meaning 'I will be silent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εἶναιto beV9 PAN · εἰμίinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
ἔκνηψινreliefN3I ASF · ἔκνηψιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalἔκνηψις: meaning 'relief'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
50
ἕως οὗ διακύψῃ καὶ ἴδῃ κύριος ἐξ οὐρανοῦ
until the Lord stoops down and sees from heaven.
Hope is reduced to one thing: that the Lord might look down again.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
διακύψῃstoop downVA AAS3S · κύπτω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseκύπτω + δια: meaning 'stoop down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴδῃhe may seeVB AAS3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ subjunctive or optative force expressing wish, purpose, or projected actionὁράω: meaning 'he may see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
51
ὁ ὀφθαλμός μου ἐπιφυλλιεῖ ἐπὶ τὴν ψυχήν μου παρὰ πάσας θυγατέρας πόλεως
My eye will glean away at my soul because of all the daughters of my city.
Sorrow consumes the speaker from within through what the eye must keep seeing.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμόςeyeN2 NSM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐπιφυλλιεῖwill glean awayVF2 FAI3S · φυλλίζω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseφυλλίζω + ἐπι: meaning 'will glean away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
θυγατέραςdaughtersN3 APF · θυγατήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalθυγατήρ: meaning 'daughters'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
52
θηρεύοντες ἐθήρευσάν με ὡς στρουθίον οἱ ἐχθροί μου δωρεάν
My enemies hunted me like a sparrow without cause.
The enemies' pursuit is gratuitous and relentless.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
θηρεύοντεςhuntingV1 · παπνπμ θηρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπνπμ θηρεύω: meaning 'hunting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐθήρευσάνhuntedVAI AAI3P · θηρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseθηρεύω: meaning 'hunted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
στρουθίονsparrowN2N NSN · στρουθίονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστρουθίον: meaning 'sparrow'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροίenemiesA1A NPM · ἐχθρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἐχθρός: meaning 'enemies'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
δωρεάνwithout paymentN1A ASF · δωρεάadverbial accusative expressing gratuitous release→ object specificationδωρεά: meaning 'without payment'; it serves as adverbial accusative expressing gratuitous release.
53
ἐθανάτωσαν ἐν λάκκῳ ζωήν μου καὶ ἐπέθηκαν λίθον ἐπ' ἐμοί
They put my life to death in a pit and laid a stone upon me.
Pit and stone intensify the death imagery into near-burial.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐθανάτωσανθανατόωVAI AAI3P · θανατόωfinite verb advancing the clauseθανατόω: meaning 'θανατόω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
λάκκῳthe pit / the dungeonN2 DSM · λάκκοςcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceλάκκος: meaning 'the pit'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ζωήνlifeN1 ASF · ζωήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθηκανthey placedVAI AAI3P · τίθημι + ἐπιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeτίθημι + ἐπι: meaning 'they placed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
λίθονstonesN2 ASM · λίθοςaccusative complement→ object specificationλίθος: meaning 'stones'; it serves as accusative complement.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμοίIRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phrase→ participant reference or interestἐμοί: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element linking or specifying a noun phrase.
54
ὑπερεχύθη ὕδωρ ἐπὶ κεφαλήν μου εἶπα ἀπῶσμαι
Water overflowed over my head; I said, “I am cast off.”
The flood over the head voices the extremity of abandonment.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ὑπερεχύθηoverflowedVCI API3S · χέω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseχέω + ὑπερ: meaning 'overflowed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὕδωρwaterN3 NSN · ὕδωρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κεφαλήνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
εἶπαI saidVAI AAI1S · εἶπονfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'I said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
ἀπῶσμαιI am cast offVXI PMI1S · ὠθέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseὠθέω + ἀπο: meaning 'I am cast off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
55
ἐπεκαλεσάμην τὸ ὄνομά σου κύριε ἐκ λάκκου κατωτάτου
I called upon your name, O Lord, from the lowest pit.
From the lowest point the poem turns upward again in invocation.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἐπεκαλεσάμηνI called uponVAI AMI1S · καλέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'I called upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
λάκκουcisternN2 GSM · λάκκοςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationλάκκος: meaning 'cistern'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
κατωτάτουlowestA1 GSM · κατώτατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκατώτατος: meaning 'lowest'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
56
φωνήν μου ἤκουσας μὴ κρύψῃς τὰ ὦτά σου εἰς τὴν δέησίν μου
You heard my voice: do not hide your ears from my petition.
The memory of being heard keeps prayer from collapsing entirely.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
φωνήνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἤκουσαςhearVAI AAI2S · ἀκούωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
κρύψῃςhideVA AAS2S · κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκρύπτω: meaning 'hide'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὦτάearsN3T ASN · οὖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ mercy, discipline, and ordered hopeοὖς: meaning 'ears'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέησίνsupplicationN3I ASF · δέησιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationδέησις: meaning 'supplication'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
57
εἰς τὴν βοήθειάν μου ἤγγισας ἐν ᾗ σε ἡμέρᾳ ἐπεκαλεσάμην εἶπάς μοι μὴ φοβοῦ
You drew near for my help in the day when I called upon you; you said to me, “Do not fear.”
Divine nearness and the word “do not fear” answer the earlier darkness.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βοήθειάνhelpN1A ASF · βοήθειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβοήθεια: meaning 'help'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἤγγισαςdrew nearVAI AAI2S · ἐγγίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐγγίζω: meaning 'drew near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ᾗᾗRR DSF · ὅςnominal term functioning in a dat relation→ participant reference or interestὅς: meaning 'ᾗ'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐπεκαλεσάμηνI called uponVAI AMI1S · καλέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'I called upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἶπάςyou saidVAI AAI2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseεἶπον: meaning 'you said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
φοβοῦfearV2 PMD2S · φοβέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ middle verbal form highlighting the subject’s participation in the actionφοβέω: meaning 'fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
58
ἐδίκασας κύριε τὰς δίκας τῆς ψυχῆς μου ἐλυτρώσω τὴν ζωήν μου
You judged, O Lord, the cases of my soul; you redeemed my life.
The Lord is remembered as judge and redeemer of the speaker's life.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐδίκασαςjudgedVAI AAI2S · δικάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseδικάζω: meaning 'judged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δίκαςjusticeN1 APF · δίκηaccusative element functioning within the clauseδίκη: meaning 'justice'; it serves as accusative element functioning within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχῆςlifeN1 GSF · ψυχήobject of περί within the idiom περὶ ψυχῆς→ relational specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as object of περί within the idiom περὶ ψυχῆς.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐλυτρώσωredeemVAI AMI2S · λυτρόωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλυτρόω: meaning 'redeem'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζωήνlifeN1 ASF · ζωήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
59
εἶδες κύριε τὰς ταραχάς μου ἔκρινας τὴν κρίσιν μου
You saw, O Lord, my turmoil; you judged my cause.
The appeal rests on the Lord's seeing of turmoil and cause together.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
εἶδεςhoraoVBI AAI2S · ὁράωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ aorist indicativeὁράω: meaning 'horao'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταραχάςturmoilN1 APF · ταραχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalταραχή: meaning 'turmoil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἔκριναςjudgedVAI AAI2S · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ patient judgment and the character of divine ruleκρίνω: meaning 'judged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
60
εἶδες πᾶσαν τὴν ἐκδίκησιν αὐτῶν εἰς πάντας διαλογισμοὺς αὐτῶν ἐν ἐμοί
You saw all their vengeance, all their devices against me.
Nothing about the enemies' vengeance is hidden from God.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
εἶδεςhoraoVBI AAI2S · ὁράωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ aorist indicativeὁράω: meaning 'horao'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκδίκησινvengeanceN3I ASF · ἐκδίκησιςdirect object of ποιῆσαι→ object specificationἐκδίκησις: meaning 'vengeance'; it serves as direct object of ποιῆσαι.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
διαλογισμοὺςdevicesN2 APM · διαλογισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαλογισμός: meaning 'devices'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμοίIRP DS · ἐγώpronominal element linking or specifying a noun phrase→ participant reference or interestἐμοί: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element linking or specifying a noun phrase.
61
ἤκουσας τὸν ὀνειδισμὸν αὐτῶν πάντας τοὺς διαλογισμοὺς αὐτῶν κατ' ἐμοῦ
You heard their reproach, all their devices against me,
The Lord hears reproach as well as petition.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἤκουσαςhearVAI AAI2S · ἀκούωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνειδισμὸνreproach / disgraceN2 ASM · ὀνειδισμόςsecond predicate accusative with ἐγενήθην→ object specificationὀνειδισμός: meaning 'reproach'; it serves as second predicate accusative with ἐγενήθην.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαλογισμοὺςdevicesN2 APM · διαλογισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαλογισμός: meaning 'devices'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
κατ'againstP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατ': meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
62
χείλη ἐπανιστανομένων μοι καὶ μελέτας αὐτῶν κατ' ἐμοῦ ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν
the lips of those rising up against me and their plotting against me all the day.
Hostile speech and plotting are continuous and exhausting.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
χείληlipsN3E APN · χεῖλοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ object specificationχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
ἐπανιστανομένωνrising upVM · πμπγπμ ἵστημι + ἐπι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπμπγπμ ἵστημι + ἐπι + ἀνα: meaning 'rising up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μελέταςplottingN1 APF · μελέτηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalμελέτη: meaning 'plotting'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
κατ'againstP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατ': meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὅληνwholeA1 ASF · ὅλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅλος: meaning 'whole'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
63
καθέδραν αὐτῶν καὶ ἀνάστασιν αὐτῶν ἐπίβλεψον ἐπὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν
Look upon their sitting down and their rising up; I am their song.
Their whole daily pattern becomes an enacted mockery of the sufferer.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καθέδρανseatN1A ASF · καθέδραaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationκαθέδρα: meaning 'seat'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνάστασινrising upN3I ASF · ἀνάστασιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalἀνάστασις: meaning 'rising up'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐπίβλεψονlookVA AAD2S · βλέπω + ἐπιmain verb (command)→ verbal action or stateβλέπω + ἐπι: meaning 'look'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (command).
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοὺςeyesN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ object specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
64
ἀποδώσεις αὐτοῖς ἀνταπόδομα κύριε κατὰ τὰ ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν
You will repay them, O Lord, according to the works of their hands.
The closing petitions ask for measured recompense according to deeds.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀποδώσειςyou will repayVF FAI2S · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'you will repay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀνταπόδομαrepaymentN3M ASN · ἀνταπόδομαnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ nations judged and zion securedἀνταπόδομα: meaning 'repayment'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive (source of the works)→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as genitive (source of the works).
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
65
ἀποδώσεις αὐτοῖς ὑπερασπισμὸν καρδίας μόχθον σου αὐτοῖς
You will give them anguish of heart; your toil shall be upon them.
Anguish of heart is invoked as fitting answer to their hostility.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ἀποδώσειςyou will repayVF FAI2S · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'you will repay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὑπερασπισμὸνanguishN2 ASM · ὑπερασπισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑπερασπισμός: meaning 'anguish'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive dependent→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive dependent.
μόχθονlaborN2 ASM · μόχθοςaccusative term functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ tested pleasure and limited enjoymentμόχθος: meaning 'labor'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
66
καταδιώξεις ἐν ὀργῇ καὶ ἐξαναλώσεις αὐτοὺς ὑποκάτω τοῦ οὐρανοῦ κύριε
You will pursue in anger and destroy them from under the heaven, O Lord.
The poem ends with one final imprecatory plea for decisive judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καταδιώξειςyou will pursueVF FAI2S · διώκω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδιώκω + κατα: meaning 'you will pursue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὀργῇwith angerN1 DSF · ὀργήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceὀργή: meaning 'with anger'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαναλώσειςyou will destroyVF FAI2S · ἁλίσκω + ἐκ + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἁλίσκω + ἐκ + ἀνα: meaning 'you will destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὑποκάτωunderD · ὑποκάτωpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὑποκάτω: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.