Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Leviticus, Chapter 16ΛΕΥΙΤΙΚΟΝ ΙϚ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Leviticus 16 is the theological summit of the book — the ritual of the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur), to which the whole sacrificial system of chs.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Leviticus 16 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. Leviticus 16 is the theological summit of the book — the ritual of the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur), to which the whole sacrificial system of chs. 1–15 ascends and on which the Epistle to the Hebrews builds its christological argument (Heb 9:7, 11–12, 24–28). The chapter opens by dating the legislation after the death of Aaron's two sons, Nadab and Abihu (μετὰ τὸ τελευτῆσαι τοὺς δύο υἱοὺς Ααρων, v. 1; cf. 10:1–2), who died offering πῦρ ἀλλότριον ('strange fire'); their deaths frame the central prohibition: Aaron may not enter the holy place εἰς τὸ ἅγιον ἐσώτερον τοῦ καταπετάσματος ('within the veil') πᾶσαν ὥραν ('at any time', v. 2), but only on this one day. The LXX twice renders the mercy-seat as τὸ ἱλαστήριον (vv. 2, 13–15), the gold cover of the ark of the testimony where YHWH appears ἐν νεφέλῃ ('in a cloud'); this is the very noun Paul applies to Christ at Rom 3:25 (ἱλαστήριον) and Hebrews develops throughout ch. 9. Aaron's vestments are the plain ἱμάτια ἅγια of white linen (χιτῶνα λινοῦν, ζώνῃ λινῇ, κίδαριν λινῆν, v. 4), not the golden high-priestly robes — humility before the divine presence. The chapter's central crux is the disposition of the two goats (vv. 7–10, 20–22): Aaron casts lots (κλῆρον ἕνα τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ κλῆρον ἕνα τῷ ἀποπομπαίῳ, v. 8). The first goat is slaughtered as a sin offering περὶ ἁμαρτίας; the second, the live goat, is designated τῷ ἀποπομπαίῳ — the LXX's interpretive rendering of the obscure Hebrew עֲזָאזֵל / Azazel, construing it as a verbal noun 'for the sending-away' (ἀποπομπή, the act of dismissal). Over its head Aaron confesses all the iniquities of Israel (ἐξαγορεύσει … πάσας τὰς ἀνομίας, v. 21), laying them on the goat, which is sent ἐν χειρὶ ἀνθρώπου ἑτοίμου εἰς τὴν ἔρημον ('by the hand of a ready man into the wilderness'), bearing them εἰς γῆν ἄβατον ('into an untrodden land', v. 22). The blood rite is the inner sanctum's purgation: Aaron carries a censer of coals and fine incense inside the veil so that the incense-cloud (ἡ ἀτμὶς τοῦ θυμιάματος) covers the ἱλαστήριον 'that he die not' (v. 13); he then sprinkles the bull's blood and the goat's blood with his finger ἐπὶ τὸ ἱλαστήριον … ἑπτάκις ('seven times', vv. 14–15) and on the horns of the altar (vv. 18–19), making atonement (ἐξιλάσεται) for the holy place, the tent of meeting, and the altar, polluted by the uncleannesses of Israel. The closing perpetual statute (vv. 29–34) fixes the rite as νόμιμον αἰώνιον on the tenth of the seventh month: the people ταπεινώσετε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν ('afflict your souls', vv. 29, 31), do no work, and keep σάββατα σαββάτων ('a sabbath of sabbaths'); on this day atonement is made to cleanse them (ἐξιλάσεται … καθαρίσαι ὑμᾶς … καὶ καθαρισθήσεσθε, v. 30), once a year (ἅπαξ τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ, v. 34) for all the sins of Israel. The recurring verb ἐξιλάσκομαι ('make atonement / propitiation', occurring some sixteen times) and its once-a-year limit are precisely the data Hebrews 9–10 takes up to contrast the repeated Levitical rite with the single, definitive self-offering of Christ.

1

καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν μετὰ τὸ τελευτῆσαι τοὺς δύο υἱοὺς Ααρων ἐν τῷ προσάγειν αὐτοὺς πῦρ ἀλλότριον ἔναντι κυρίου καὶ ἐτελεύτησαν

And the LORD spoke to Moses after the two sons of Aaron had died, when they brought near strange fire before the LORD, and died.

New divine speech-act, dated to the aftermath of the Nadab–Abihu episode (main narrative)καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος
The chapter opens with the standard LXX revelation-formula καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν, but uniquely anchored to a prior catastrophe by the articular-infinitive temporal clause μετὰ τὸ τελευτῆσαι ('after the dying'). By recalling the death of Nadab and Abihu (10:1–2) — who offered πῦρ ἀλλότριον ('strange/alien fire') — the prologue makes the entire Day-of-Atonement legislation a divine answer to the lethal danger of unregulated approach to the holy.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (revelation-formula)→ constative aorist (single completed speech-act)λαλέω: 'speak'; renders דִּבֶּר (Piel); the formula καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν is the standard LXX heading for new priestly legislation throughout Leviticus (cf. 1:1; 4:1; 6:1).
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the nominative subject marks this as unmediated YHWH-speech.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (recipient of speech)→ object specificationΜωυσῆς: transliteration of Hebrew מֹשֶׁה; declined as a first-declension noun in Rahlfs' LXX (gen. Μωυσῆ, acc. Μωυσῆν).
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (temporal, governing articular infinitive)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + acc.: 'after'; with the articular infinitive (μετὰ τὸ + inf.) it forms a temporal clause, 'after the ... -ing', a common LXX and Koine construction.
τὸtheAccusativearticle governing the infinitive τελευτῆσαι→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τελευτῆσαιto die / had diedAor Act Inf · τελευτάωarticular infinitive (temporal clause with μετὰ τό)→ constative aorist infinitive (the completed fact of the death)τελευτάω: 'die / come to one's end'; the articular infinitive substantivizes the event; the clause dates the legislation to the aftermath of the death of Nadab and Abihu (Lev 10:1–2).
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (accusative subject of the infinitive)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; numeral, largely indeclinable; here the accusative subject of the infinitive τελευτῆσαι.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive (with δύο)→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; renders בֵּן; the 'two sons' are Nadab and Abihu, who perished offering unauthorized fire.
Ααρωνof Aarongenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of Hebrew אַהֲרֹן; indeclinable in the LXX; here functioning as a genitive ('sons of Aaron').
ἐνin / whenpreposition + dative (governing articular infinitive: temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + articular infinitive (ἐν τῷ + inf.): a temporal Hebraism ('when / while ... -ing'), rendering בְּ + infinitive construct.
τῷtheDativearticle governing the infinitive προσάγειν→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσάγεινbringing near / offeringPres Act Inf · προσάγωarticular infinitive (temporal clause with ἐν τῷ)→ imperfective present infinitive (the act in process)προσάγω: 'bring near / offer / present'; renders הִקְרִיב; the cultic technical verb for presenting an offering — here the fatal act of bringing 'strange fire.'
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive προσάγειν→ participant referenceαὐτός: the personal pronoun as accusative subject of the infinitive ('when they brought near').
πῦρfireAccusativedirect object of προσάγειν→ object specificationπῦρ: 'fire'; renders אֵשׁ; the object of the illicit offering.
ἀλλότριονstrange / alienAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying πῦρ)→ object specificationἀλλότριος: 'belonging to another / alien / unauthorized'; renders זָרָה; πῦρ ἀλλότριον is the LXX's term for the 'strange fire' of Lev 10:1 — fire not commanded by YHWH, hence lethal.
ἔναντιbeforeimproper preposition + genitive (locative: 'before')→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before / in the presence of'; renders לִפְנֵי; locates the offense directly in the divine presence, intensifying its gravity.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of יהוה; the genitive with ἔναντι ('before the LORD').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐτελεύτησανthey diedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · τελευτάωmain verb (resultant clause: the outcome of the offense)→ constative aorist (the completed deaths)τελευτάω: the same verb as τελευτῆσαι above forms an inclusio framing the prologue; the bare καὶ ἐτελεύτησαν ('and they died') states the lethal result of approaching the holy improperly — the very danger the chapter's legislation guards against.
2

καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λάλησον πρὸς Ααρων τὸν ἀδελφόν σου καὶ μὴ εἰσπορευέσθω πᾶσαν ὥραν εἰς τὸ ἅγιον ἐσώτερον τοῦ καταπετάσματος εἰς πρόσωπον τοῦ ἱλαστηρίου ὅ ἐστιν ἐπὶ τῆς κιβωτοῦ τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ οὐκ ἀποθανεῖται ἐν γὰρ νεφέλῃ ὀφθήσομαι ἐπὶ τοῦ ἱλαστηρίου

And the LORD said to Moses: Speak to Aaron your brother, and let him not enter at any time into the holy place within the veil, before the mercy-seat which is upon the ark of the testimony, lest he die; for in a cloud I will appear upon the mercy-seat.

Divine command stating the foundational prohibition (main narrative)καὶ εἶπεν κύριος
The core prohibition: Aaron may not enter the inner sanctum πᾶσαν ὥραν ('at any/every time') — the restriction that makes the Day of Atonement the single annual exception. Three nested locatives (εἰς τὸ ἅγιον / ἐσώτερον τοῦ καταπετάσματος / εἰς πρόσωπον τοῦ ἱλαστηρίου) press progressively inward toward the ἱλαστήριον on the ark; the γάρ-clause grounds the prohibition theologically: YHWH manifests ἐν νεφέλῃ upon the mercy-seat, and unregulated approach is fatal (καὶ οὐκ ἀποθανεῖται). Hebrews 9:7–8 reads precisely this restricted, once-a-year access as a sign that 'the way into the holy places was not yet manifested.'
Word-by-word analysis· 43 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: 'say'; the aorist εἶπεν introduces the direct command that follows.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationΜωυσῆν: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as accusative object of πρός.
λάλησονspeakAor Act Impv 2 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (divine imperative to Moses)→ ingressive aorist imperative (commissioned speech-act)λαλέω: 'speak'; the aorist imperative commissions Moses to relay the command to Aaron.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (recipient)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (recipient).
ΑαρωνAaronaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of אַהֲרֹן; indeclinable in the LXX.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with the appositive ἀδελφόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφόνbrotherAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Ααρων→ object specificationἀδελφός: 'brother'; renders אָח; the apposition stresses the familial-priestly link between mediator (Moses) and high priest (Aaron).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (2nd person sg.)→ relational specificationσύ: the enclitic genitive σου ('your'), possessive with ἀδελφόν.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the command's content)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotnegative particle (prohibitive, with imperative)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: the negative of will/command; with the present imperative εἰσπορευέσθω it forbids the action as an ongoing practice.
εἰσπορευέσθωlet him enterPres Mid Impv 3 Sg · εἰσπορεύομαιmain verb (third-person prohibition with μή)→ prohibitive present imperative (do not as a habit/at any time)εἰσπορεύομαι: 'enter / go in'; renders בּוֹא; the present prohibitive μὴ εἰσπορευέσθω forbids entry as a recurring act — the standing rule from which the annual rite is the sole exception.
πᾶσανevery / anyAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ὥραν)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'every / all'; with ὥραν, 'at every/any time' — i.e., he may not enter whenever he wishes.
ὥρανhour / timeAccusativeaccusative of time (extent/occasion: 'at any time')→ object specificationὥρα: 'hour / season / time'; πᾶσαν ὥραν renders בְּכָל־עֵת ('at all times / at any time'); the accusative of time marks the prohibited freedom of access.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction of entry)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of entry).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (substantivizing ἅγιον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιονholy placeAccusativesubstantivized adjective (the sanctuary / inner sanctum)→ object specificationἅγιος: 'holy'; substantivized τὸ ἅγιον renders הַקֹּדֶשׁ; here, defined by the following phrase, it denotes the inner sanctum, the Holy of Holies.
ἐσώτερονwithin / insidecomparative adverb as improper preposition + genitive ('inside of')→ spatial or relational framingἐσώτερος (neut. ἐσώτερον): comparative 'inner'; used adverbially/prepositionally with the genitive, 'within / inside'; renders מִבֵּית לְ ('inside of').
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταπετάσματοςveil / curtainGenitivegenitive with ἐσώτερον ('inside the veil')→ relational specificationκαταπέτασμα: 'veil / curtain'; renders פָּרֹכֶת; the inner curtain screening the Holy of Holies; the same noun is christologically reinterpreted at Heb 6:19; 9:3; 10:20 (and torn at the crucifixion, Matt 27:51).
εἰςbefore / topreposition + accusative (direction: 'toward the face of')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς πρόσωπον: 'before / in front of', an idiom rendering אֶל־פְּנֵי ('to the face of').
πρόσωπονface / frontAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiomatic locative)→ object specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / presence / front'; εἰς πρόσωπον τοῦ ἱλαστηρίου = 'in front of the mercy-seat.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱλαστηρίουmercy-seatGenitivegenitive (with πρόσωπον: 'the face of the mercy-seat')→ relational specificationἱλαστήριον: 'place/means of atonement, propitiatory, mercy-seat'; renders כַּפֹּרֶת, the gold cover over the ark; the LXX's choice of ἱλαστήριον (cf. Exod 25:17–22) supplies the very term Paul applies to Christ at Rom 3:25 and Hebrews develops at 9:5 — the focal crux of the chapter's NT trajectory.
ὅwhichNominativerelative pronoun (neuter, subject of ἐστιν; refers to ἱλαστήριον)→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ, ὅ: relative pronoun; neuter ὅ agreeing with the neuter ἱλαστήριον.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula of relative clause→ stative present (location of the mercy-seat)εἰμί: 'be'; the copula locates the ἱλαστήριον upon the ark.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτοῦarkGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationκιβωτός: 'box / chest / ark'; renders אֲרוֹן; the ark of the covenant, over which the mercy-seat rests (cf. Heb 9:4).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουtestimonyGenitivegenitive of content/apposition ('ark of the testimony')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony / witness'; renders עֵדוּת; ἡ κιβωτὸς τοῦ μαρτυρίου is the standard LXX designation of the ark containing the tablets of the covenant.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (consecutive: 'and so / lest')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here with the negated future, the paratactic clause carries a consequential ('lest he die') sense — the result of disregarding the prohibition.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with future indicative)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποθανεῖταιhe will dieFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (apodosis: consequence of obeying the prohibition)→ predictive future (the assured outcome — life preserved by obedience)ἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; renders מוּת; the clause καὶ οὐκ ἀποθανεῖται ('and he shall not die') promises preservation if the rule is kept — its converse being the fate of Nadab and Abihu (v. 1).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (manner/means of theophany)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (manner/means of theophany).
γὰρforcausal particle (post-positive; grounds the prohibition)→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: 'for'; introduces the theological reason for the prohibition — the lethal nearness of the divine glory.
νεφέλῃcloudDativedative of manner/means (ἐν νεφέλῃ: 'in a cloud')→ sphere or referenceνεφέλη: 'cloud'; renders עָנָן; the cloud of the divine presence (cf. Exod 40:34–35; the incense-cloud of v. 13 protectively veils this glory).
ὀφθήσομαιI will appear / be seenFut Pass Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb of γάρ-clause (divine self-manifestation)→ predictive future passive (theophanic 'I will be seen / appear')ὁράω (fut. pass. ὀφθήσομαι): 'be seen / appear'; the theophanic passive renders אֵרָאֶה ('I will appear'); the first-person announcement places YHWH himself above the mercy-seat, making the inner sanctum the locus of his manifest presence.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (position of theophany)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position of theophany).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱλαστηρίουmercy-seatGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (locus of the appearing)→ relational specificationἱλαστήριον: the mercy-seat again — the precise point of theophany; YHWH appears 'upon the propitiatory,' the meeting-place of holiness and atonement that anchors the whole rite.
3

οὕτως εἰσελεύσεται Ααρων εἰς τὸ ἅγιον ἐν μόσχῳ ἐκ βοῶν περὶ ἁμαρτίας καὶ κριὸν εἰς ὁλοκαύτωμα

Thus shall Aaron enter into the holy place: with a young bull from the herd for a sin offering and a ram for a whole burnt offering.

Transition from prohibition to prescribed manner of entryοὕτως εἰσελεύσεται
οὕτως ('thus / in this manner') pivots from the absolute prohibition (v. 2) to the regulated exception: there is a way in, but only this way. The preposition ἐν (ἐν μόσχῳ) is comitative/instrumental — Aaron enters 'with' the sacrificial animals, not empty-handed; the bull περὶ ἁμαρτίας ('for sin') and the ram εἰς ὁλοκαύτωμα ('for a burnt offering') establish the two-fold sacrificial requirement for the high priest's own approach.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
οὕτωςthus / in this wayadverb of manner (cataphoric: introduces the prescribed manner)→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus / in this manner'; renders בְּזֹאת ('with this / in this way'); points forward to the conditions of entry that follow.
εἰσελεύσεταιshall enterFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive/legislative future ('he shall enter')εἰσέρχομαι: 'enter / go in'; renders בּוֹא; the legislative future states the rule for Aaron's permitted entry; Heb 9:7 (εἰσέρχεται … ἅπαξ τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ) echoes this very prescription.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; here the nominative subject of εἰσελεύσεται.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιονholy placeAccusativesubstantivized adjective (the inner sanctum)→ object specificationἅγιος: substantivized τὸ ἅγιον, 'the holy place'; here the Holy of Holies, entry into which is now being regulated.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (comitative/instrumental: 'with')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: here comitative ('with'), rendering בְּ; Aaron may not enter except provided with the prescribed offerings.
μόσχῳyoung bull / calfDativedative object of ἐν (the sin-offering animal)→ sphere or referenceμόσχος: 'calf / young bull'; renders פַּר; the bull is the high priest's own sin offering (cf. v. 6, 11).
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source/partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source/partitive).
βοῶνoxen / herdGenitivegenitive of source (ἐκ βοῶν: 'from the herd')→ relational specificationβοῦς (gen. pl. βοῶν): 'ox / head of cattle'; ἐκ βοῶν ('from the herd') renders בֶּן־בָּקָר, specifying the bull's origin from the cattle.
περὶfor / concerningpreposition + genitive (purpose: 'for sin', i.e. a sin offering)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'concerning / for'; περὶ ἁμαρτίας is the standard LXX idiom for 'as a sin offering' (rendering חַטָּאת), denoting the purificatory sacrifice.
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί (sin-offering designation)→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin'; renders חַטָּאת (both 'sin' and 'sin offering'); περὶ ἁμαρτίας marks the bull as the purification/sin offering — a key term Hebrews takes up (Heb 10:6, 8, 18).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κριὸνramAccusativeaccusative (the burnt-offering animal; loosely construed with εἰσελεύσεται/ἐν)→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; renders אַיִל; the ram for the high priest's whole burnt offering (cf. v. 24).
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose: 'for/as a burnt offering')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: 'for / as', expressing purpose or result; εἰς ὁλοκαύτωμα = 'as a whole burnt offering.'
ὁλοκαύτωμαwhole burnt offeringAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose: the offering-type)→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: 'whole burnt offering'; renders עֹלָה; the sacrifice wholly consumed on the altar, expressing total dedication to God.
4

καὶ χιτῶνα λινοῦν ἡγιασμένον ἐνδύσεται καὶ περισκελὲς λινοῦν ἔσται ἐπὶ τοῦ χρωτὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ ζώνῃ λινῇ ζώσεται καὶ κίδαριν λινῆν περιθήσεται ἱμάτια ἅγιά ἐστιν καὶ λούσεται ὕδατι πᾶν τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐνδύσεται αὐτά

And he shall put on a consecrated linen tunic, and a linen undergarment shall be upon his flesh, and he shall gird himself with a linen sash and put on a linen turban — they are holy garments; and he shall bathe his whole body in water and put them on.

Continuation: the prescribed vestments and ablution for entryκαὶ χιτῶνα λινοῦν
The four-fold repetition of λινοῦς ('linen': χιτῶνα λινοῦν, περισκελὲς λινοῦν, ζώνῃ λινῇ, κίδαριν λινῆν) is emphatic: on this day the high priest sets aside the golden, jeweled robes of glory (Exod 28) for plain white linen — ἱμάτια ἅγια — a deliberate self-abasement in the presence of God. The bathing of the whole body (λούσεται … πᾶν τὸ σῶμα) signals the bodily purity demanded for the inner approach; the sequence of middle-voice futures (ἐνδύσεται, ζώσεται, περιθήσεται, λούσεται) presents the high priest as the self-engaged agent of his own preparation.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χιτῶναtunicAccusativedirect object of ἐνδύσεται→ object specificationχιτών: 'tunic / undergarment-robe'; renders כְּתֹנֶת; the basic body-length linen garment of the priest.
λινοῦνlinenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying χιτῶνα)→ object specificationλινοῦς: 'made of linen / flaxen'; renders בַּד; the repeated emphasis on linen marks the humility of the Day-of-Atonement attire over against the golden vestments.
ἡγιασμένονconsecrated / having been sanctifiedPerf Pass Ptcp Acc Sg Masc · ἁγιάζωattributive participle (modifying χιτῶνα)→ resultative perfect participle (a tunic in a settled state of consecration)ἁγιάζω (perf. pass. ptcp.): 'sanctify / consecrate / set apart as holy'; the perfect ἡγιασμένον denotes the garment's abiding consecrated status — it is a vestment dedicated for sacred use, not ordinary clothing.
ἐνδύσεταιhe shall put onFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐνδύωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middle (he shall clothe himself)ἐνδύω (mid.): 'put on / clothe oneself'; renders לָבַשׁ; the middle voice ('clothe himself') fits the self-vesting of the priest.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περισκελὲςundergarment / breechesNominativesubject of ἔσται→ participant prominenceπερισκελές: 'thing about the legs, drawers, breeches'; renders מִכְנָס; the linen undergarment worn next to the skin for modesty (cf. Exod 28:42).
λινοῦνlinenNominativeattributive adjective (modifying περισκελές)→ participant prominenceλινοῦς: 'of linen'; second occurrence in the verse.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (locative predication)→ prescriptive future ('shall be upon')εἰμί: 'be'; the future ἔσται prescribes the placement of the undergarment on the body.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρωτὸςskin / fleshGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationχρώς (gen. χρωτός): 'skin / surface of the body / flesh'; renders בָּשָׂר; 'upon his flesh' specifies that the undergarment is worn next to the skin.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: possessive genitive, 'his.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζώνῃbelt / sashDativedative of instrument (with ζώσεται)→ sphere or referenceζώνη: 'belt / girdle / sash'; renders אַבְנֵט; the instrumental dative — 'he shall gird himself with a sash.'
λινῇlinenDativeattributive adjective (modifying ζώνῃ)→ sphere or referenceλινοῦς (fem. dat. λινῇ): 'of linen'; third occurrence.
ζώσεταιhe shall gird himselfFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ζώννυμιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middle (he girds himself)ζώννυμι (mid.): 'gird / fasten a belt'; renders חָגַר; the middle voice marks the self-action of putting on the sash.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κίδαρινturban / mitreAccusativedirect object of περιθήσεται→ object specificationκίδαρις: 'turban / mitre'; renders מִצְנֶפֶת; the priest's linen headdress.
λινῆνlinenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying κίδαριν)→ object specificationλινοῦς (fem. acc. λινῆν): 'of linen'; fourth occurrence — the cumulative repetition underscores the all-linen attire.
περιθήσεταιhe shall put onFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · περιτίθημιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middle (he places about himself)περιτίθημι (mid.): 'put around / place on'; renders חָבַשׁ; the middle 'he shall set upon himself' completes the vesting.
ἱμάτιαgarmentsNominativepredicate nominative (summarizing the vestments)→ participant prominenceἱμάτιον: 'garment / clothing'; renders בֶּגֶד; the summary statement classifies all four items as a single category.
ἅγιάholyNominativepredicate adjective (with ἐστιν)→ participant prominenceἅγιος: 'holy / set apart'; renders קֹדֶשׁ; the vestments are sacred — consecrated for service in the divine presence, hence requiring the prior bathing.
ἐστινthey are / it isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (with neuter plural subject ἱμάτια — Greek neut. pl. takes sg. verb)→ stative present (defining the garments' status)εἰμί: 'be'; the singular ἐστιν with the neuter plural ἱμάτια reflects the regular Greek concord whereby neuter plural subjects take a singular verb.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λούσεταιhe shall bathe / washFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · λούωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middle (he washes himself)λούω (mid.): 'wash / bathe (the whole body)'; renders רָחַץ; distinct from πλύνω ('wash garments'); the full-body ablution marks the ritual purity required for entry; the same washing recurs at v. 24, 26, 28.
ὕδατιwith waterDativedative of instrument/means→ sphere or referenceὕδωρ (dat. ὕδατι): 'water'; the instrumental dative, 'with water'; ritual washing with water as the medium of purification (cf. Heb 10:22, λελουσμένοι τὸ σῶμα ὕδατι καθαρῷ).
πᾶνall / wholeAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying σῶμα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / whole'; πᾶν τὸ σῶμα ('the whole body') stresses the completeness of the ablution.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῶμαbodyAccusativedirect object of λούσεται→ object specificationσῶμα: 'body'; renders בָּשָׂר here; the object of the bathing.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνδύσεταιhe shall put onFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐνδύωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middle (he clothes himself)ἐνδύω (mid.): 'put on / clothe oneself'; the verse closes by returning to the vesting verb of its opening, framing the preparation: bathe, then don the holy linen garments.
αὐτάthemAccusativedirect object (referring to ἱμάτια)→ participant referenceαὐτός: neuter plural αὐτά, 'them', referring back to the linen ἱμάτια ἅγια.
5

καὶ παρὰ τῆς συναγωγῆς τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ λήμψεται δύο χιμάρους ἐξ αἰγῶν περὶ ἁμαρτίας καὶ κριὸν ἕνα εἰς ὁλοκαύτωμα

And from the congregation of the sons of Israel he shall take two he-goats for a sin offering and one ram for a whole burnt offering.

Continuation: the people's offerings, distinct from the priest's ownκαὶ παρὰ τῆς συναγωγῆς
A deliberate shift of source: the bull and ram of vv. 3–4 are Aaron's own (περὶ … αὐτοῦ, v. 6), but the two goats and ram here come παρὰ τῆς συναγωγῆς ('from the congregation') — the people's sin offering. The two goats (δύο χιμάρους) introduced here are the pair whose fate is decided by lot in v. 8, the chapter's central crux.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + gen.: 'from (the side of)'; marks the congregation as the source of the people's offerings, distinguishing them from the priest's own.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναγωγῆςcongregation / assemblyGenitivegenitive object of παρά (source)→ relational specificationσυναγωγή: 'gathering / congregation / assembly'; renders עֵדָה; the assembled community of Israel on whose behalf the goats are offered.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of relationship ('of the sons of Israel')→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ renders בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, the standard LXX designation for the people of Israel.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; here genitive ('of Israel').
λήμψεταιhe shall takeFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middle (he shall receive/take)λαμβάνω (fut. mid. λήμψεται): 'take / receive'; renders לָקַח; the recurrent cultic verb for taking the prescribed materials (cf. vv. 7, 12, 14, 15, 18).
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (with χιμάρους)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the two goats whose disposition by lot is the chapter's pivotal rite.
χιμάρουςhe-goatsAccusativedirect object of λήμψεται→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat / kid'; renders שָׂעִיר; the two male goats of the Day of Atonement — one slain for the LORD, one sent away.
ἐξfrom / ofpreposition + genitive (partitive/source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ (ἐξ before vowel): 'from / out of'; partitive, specifying the goats' origin from the flock of goats.
αἰγῶνgoatsGenitivegenitive of source (ἐξ αἰγῶν: 'from the goats')→ relational specificationαἴξ (gen. pl. αἰγῶν): 'goat'; ἐξ αἰγῶν renders מִן־הָעִזִּים, 'from the goats', marking the species.
περὶfor / concerningpreposition + genitive (sin-offering designation)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for'; περὶ ἁμαρτίας = 'as a sin offering.'
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin offering'; renders חַטָּאת; designates the goats as the people's purification offering.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κριὸνramAccusativedirect object of λήμψεται (second object)→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; renders אַיִל; the people's whole burnt offering.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral (modifying κριόν)→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the masculine accusative ἕνα agrees with κριόν, 'one ram.'
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: 'for / as'; εἰς ὁλοκαύτωμα = 'as a whole burnt offering.'
ὁλοκαύτωμαwhole burnt offeringAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose)→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: 'whole burnt offering'; renders עֹלָה; the offering wholly consumed on the altar.
6

καὶ προσάξει Ααρων τὸν μόσχον τὸν περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐξιλάσεται περὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῦ οἴκου αὐτοῦ

And Aaron shall bring near the bull which is for his own sin, and shall make atonement for himself and for his house.

Order of operations: the priest atones for himself firstκαὶ προσάξει Ααρων
The first appearance of the chapter's governing verb ἐξιλάσεται ('he shall make atonement / propitiation'), which recurs some sixteen times. Crucially, Aaron must atone περὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῦ οἴκου αὐτοῦ ('for himself and his house') before he can mediate for the people — the sinful mediator must first be cleansed. Hebrews 7:27 and 9:7 seize on exactly this point: the Levitical high priest offers 'first for his own sins,' unlike the sinless Christ.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσάξειhe shall bring near / offerFut Act Indic 3 Sg · προσάγωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future (the cultic act of presentation)προσάγω: 'bring near / present / offer'; renders הִקְרִיב; the technical verb for presenting a sacrifice (cf. v. 1, the fatal misuse by Aaron's sons).
ΑαρωνAaronsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; nominative subject.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχονbull / calfAccusativedirect object of προσάξει→ object specificationμόσχος: 'young bull / calf'; renders פַּר; the high priest's own sin offering.
τὸνthe (one)Accusativearticle (attributive, introducing the περί-phrase)→ noun-phrase markingthe repeated article τὸν … τὸν substantivizes the prepositional phrase as an attributive modifier: 'the bull, the one for his sin.'
περὶfor / concerningpreposition + genitive (sin-offering designation)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for / concerning'; περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας = '(the bull) for the sin offering.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin offering'; here qualified by αὐτοῦ — the bull for Aaron's own sin.
αὐτοῦhis ownGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying ἁμαρτίας)→ relational specificationαὐτός: possessive genitive, 'his'; stresses that this offering is for the priest's personal sin.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξιλάσεταιhe shall make atonementFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐξιλάσκομαιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middle (the act of atoning/propitiating)ἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement / propitiate / expiate'; renders כִּפֶּר (Piel of כפר); the chapter's keyword (16×), denoting the priestly act of effecting atonement; its cognate ἱλαστήριον (v. 2) and the once-a-year limit are the data Hebrews 9–10 develops to contrast the repeated Levitical rite with Christ's single offering.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (beneficiary of atonement)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for / on behalf of'; marks the beneficiaries of the atonement.
αὐτοῦhimselfGenitivegenitive object of περί (reflexive in sense)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'himself'; Aaron atones first for his own sin — the precondition of his mediation.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouse / householdGenitivegenitive (second beneficiary, governed by περί)→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house / household'; renders בַּיִת; here the priestly household — the atonement extends from Aaron to his family before reaching the people.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: possessive 'his.'
7

καὶ λήμψεται τοὺς δύο χιμάρους καὶ στήσει αὐτοὺς ἔναντι κυρίου παρὰ τὴν θύραν τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου

And he shall take the two he-goats and set them before the LORD by the door of the tent of testimony.

Continuation: positioning the two goats for the casting of lotsκαὶ λήμψεται
The two goats are stationed ἔναντι κυρίου ('before the LORD') at the tent entrance — the legally significant locus where the lot will be cast (v. 8). The setting 'before the LORD' makes the subsequent allotment a divine, not human, decision: it is YHWH, through the lot, who designates which goat is his and which is for the sending-away.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψεταιhe shall takeFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middleλαμβάνω: 'take'; renders לָקַח; the recurrent cultic 'taking' of the prescribed materials.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (with χιμάρους)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the article τοὺς marks them as the goats already introduced in v. 5.
χιμάρουςhe-goatsAccusativedirect object of λήμψεται→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat'; renders שָׂעִיר.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στήσειhe shall set / make standFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἵστημιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future (transitive: cause to stand)ἵστημι (fut. act. στήσει): 'set / place / cause to stand'; renders הֶעֱמִיד; the transitive future positions the goats for the lot.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object (referring to the goats)→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'them', the two goats.
ἔναντιbeforeimproper preposition + genitive (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before / in the presence of'; renders לִפְנֵי; 'before the LORD' marks the act as performed under divine sanction.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of יהוה; ἔναντι κυρίου ('before the LORD') makes the allotment a divine determination.
παρὰby / besidepreposition + accusative (location: 'beside')→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + acc.: 'beside / at / by'; locates the goats at the tent entrance.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύρανdoor / entranceAccusativeaccusative object of παρά→ object specificationθύρα: 'door / entrance'; renders פֶּתַח; the entrance to the tent of meeting, the public threshold of the sanctuary.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive (of the door's location)→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; renders אֹהֶל; ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('the tent of testimony') is the standard LXX name for the tabernacle (cf. Heb 8:2; 9:11, σκηνή).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουtestimonyGenitivegenitive of content/apposition ('tent of the testimony')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony / witness'; renders מוֹעֵד here (LXX often equates 'tent of meeting' with 'tent of the testimony').
8

καὶ ἐπιθήσει Ααρων ἐπὶ τοὺς δύο χιμάρους κλῆρον ἕνα τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ κλῆρον ἕνα τῷ ἀποπομπαίῳ

And Aaron shall cast lots upon the two he-goats: one lot for the LORD and one lot for the sending-away (the scapegoat).

The central crux: the casting of lots dividing the two goatsκαὶ ἐπιθήσει Ααρων
HEADLINE CRUX. The two goats are divided by lot: κλῆρον ἕνα τῷ κυρίῳ (one consecrated to the LORD, to be slain as a sin offering) and κλῆρον ἕνα τῷ ἀποπομπαίῳ (one for 'the sending-away'). τῷ ἀποπομπαίῳ is the LXX's celebrated rendering of the obscure Hebrew עֲזָאזֵל / Azazel, construing it not as a proper name or demon but as a verbal noun: 'for the dismissal / the one to be sent away' (cf. ἀποπομπή in v. 10). The two goats together — one whose blood purges the sanctuary and one who carries sin away alive into the wilderness — present the dual movement of atonement (expiation and removal) that Christian typology (and the Epistle to Hebrews) reads as fulfilled in Christ's death and its effect.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσειhe shall place upon / castFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future (the act of placing lots upon)ἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon / lay on'; renders נָתַן (here 'assign by lot'); ἐπιθήσει … κλῆρον ('he shall set/cast lots upon') is the LXX idiom for assigning the goats by lot to their respective destinies.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; nominative subject.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (the goats receiving the lots)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'upon / over'; the lots are cast 'upon' the two goats, determining each one's role.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (with χιμάρους)→ measure or countδύο: 'two.'
χιμάρουςhe-goatsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat'; renders שָׂעִיר.
κλῆρονlotAccusativedirect object of ἐπιθήσει (first lot)→ object specificationκλῆρος: 'lot / portion / allotment'; renders גּוֹרָל; the lot whose outcome divinely assigns the goats — making the division YHWH's choice, not Aaron's.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral (modifying κλῆρον)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; ἕνα … ἕνα ('one … one') distributes the two lots.
τῷthe / for theDativearticle (dative of designation)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDDativedative of designation/advantage ('for the LORD')→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of יהוה; the goat τῷ κυρίῳ ('for the LORD') is the one slain as the people's sin offering, its blood carried within the veil (v. 9, 15).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κλῆρονlotAccusativedirect object of ἐπιθήσει (second lot)→ object specificationκλῆρος: 'lot'; the second of the two lots.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral (modifying κλῆρον)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one.'
τῷfor theDativearticle (dative of designation)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποπομπαίῳsending-away / scapegoatDativedative of designation ('for the one to be sent away')→ sphere or referenceἀποπομπαῖος: 'pertaining to a sending-away, the one to be dismissed'; the LXX's interpretive rendering of עֲזָאזֵל / Azazel — construed not as a name but as a verbal noun from ἀποπέμπω ('send away'), parallel to ἀποπομπή ('dismissal', v. 10); the live goat designated to carry Israel's iniquities into the wilderness (vv. 20–22). This rendering is the chapter's signature lexical crux: the LXX understands the term functionally ('for the sending-away') rather than as the proper name of a wilderness being.
9

καὶ προσάξει Ααρων τὸν χίμαρον ἐφ᾿ ὃν ἐπῆλθεν ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸν ὁ κλῆρος τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ προσοίσει περὶ ἁμαρτίας

And Aaron shall bring near the goat on which the lot for the LORD fell, and offer it as a sin offering.

Execution of the first lot: the LORD's goat offered for sinκαὶ προσάξει Ααρων
The goat allotted τῷ κυρίῳ is now offered περὶ ἁμαρτίας ('as a sin offering'). The redundant relative construction ἐφ᾿ ὃν ἐπῆλθεν ἐπ᾿ αὐτόν ('upon which … fell upon it') is a Hebraistic resumptive-pronoun calque of אֲשֶׁר עָלָה עָלָיו, reproducing the Hebrew relative clause with its retained pronoun.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσάξειhe shall bring near / offerFut Act Indic 3 Sg · προσάγωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive futureπροσάγω: 'bring near / present'; renders הִקְרִיב; the cultic verb of presentation.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; nominative subject.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χίμαρονhe-goatAccusativedirect object of προσάξει→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat'; renders שָׂעִיר; the goat designated for the LORD.
ἐφ᾿uponpreposition + accusative (with relative pronoun)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί (ἐφ᾿ before rough breathing): 'upon'; introduces the relative clause specifying which goat.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐφ᾿)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun, masculine accusative agreeing with χίμαρον.
ἐπῆλθενcame up / fellAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπέρχομαιverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (the lot's falling)ἐπέρχομαι: 'come upon / fall to'; renders עָלָה; idiomatic for the lot 'coming up / falling' to a particular goat.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + accusative (resumptive)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί: resumptive preposition reinforcing the relative — part of the Hebraistic retained-pronoun construction.
αὐτὸνitAccusativeresumptive pronoun (Hebraism: pleonastic with ὃν)→ participant referenceαὐτός: the pleonastic resumptive pronoun ('upon which … upon it') calques the Hebrew relative with retained pronoun אֲשֶׁר … עָלָיו.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλῆροςlotNominativesubject of ἐπῆλθεν→ participant prominenceκλῆρος: 'lot'; the subject — 'the lot fell upon it.'
τῷfor theDativearticle (dative of designation)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDDativedative of designation ('the lot for the LORD')→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of יהוה; ὁ κλῆρος τῷ κυρίῳ — 'the lot belonging to the LORD.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσοίσειhe shall offerFut Act Indic 3 Sg · προσφέρωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future (the act of offering)προσφέρω (fut. προσοίσει): 'offer / bring as an offering'; renders הִקְרִיב / עָשָׂה; προσφέρω is the very verb Hebrews uses repeatedly of Levitical and Christ's offerings (Heb 9:14, 25, 28; 10:12).
περὶforpreposition + genitive (sin-offering designation)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for'; περὶ ἁμαρτίας = 'as a sin offering.'
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin offering'; renders חַטָּאת.
10

καὶ τὸν χίμαρον ἐφ᾿ ὃν ἐπῆλθεν ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸν ὁ κλῆρος τοῦ ἀποπομπαίου στήσει αὐτὸν ζῶντα ἔναντι κυρίου τοῦ ἐξιλάσασθαι ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῦ ὥστε ἀποστεῖλαι αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν ἀποπομπήν ἀφήσει αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν ἔρημον

And the goat on which the lot for the sending-away fell he shall set alive before the LORD, to make atonement upon it, so as to send it away into the sending-away; he shall release it into the wilderness.

Execution of the second lot: the live goat reserved for the sending-awayκαὶ τὸν χίμαρον
The second goat's fate, fronted by the accusative τὸν χίμαρον for emphasis. Unlike its slain counterpart, it is set ζῶντα ('alive') before the LORD. The articular infinitive τοῦ ἐξιλάσασθαι (purpose) and the ὥστε + infinitive (result, ἀποστεῖλαι) make atonement and dismissal the goat's twin functions. The noun ἀποπομπήν ('the sending-away') here unpacks the adjective ἀποπομπαίῳ of v. 8, confirming the LXX's verbal-noun construal of Azazel; the goat is ἀφήσει … εἰς τὴν ἔρημον ('released into the wilderness'), carrying sin out of the camp (vv. 21–22).
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (fronted object)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χίμαρονhe-goatAccusativefronted direct object (resumed by αὐτόν with στήσει)→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat'; renders שָׂעִיר; fronted for topical emphasis on the second goat.
ἐφ᾿uponpreposition + accusative (with relative pronoun)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί (ἐφ᾿): 'upon'; introduces the relative clause.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐφ᾿)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun, masculine accusative agreeing with χίμαρον.
ἐπῆλθενfell / came upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπέρχομαιverb of relative clause→ constative aoristἐπέρχομαι: 'come upon / fall to'; renders עָלָה; of the lot's falling.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + accusative (resumptive)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί: resumptive preposition (Hebraism).
αὐτὸνitAccusativeresumptive pronoun (pleonastic with ὃν)→ participant referenceαὐτός: pleonastic resumptive pronoun calquing the Hebrew retained pronoun.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλῆροςlotNominativesubject of ἐπῆλθεν→ participant prominenceκλῆρος: 'lot'; here qualified by the genitive τοῦ ἀποπομπαίου.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποπομπαίουsending-away / scapegoatGenitivegenitive of designation ('the lot of/for the sending-away')→ relational specificationἀποπομπαῖος: 'pertaining to the sending-away'; the LXX's rendering of עֲזָאזֵל / Azazel (see v. 8); ὁ κλῆρος τοῦ ἀποπομπαίου = 'the lot for the dismissal.'
στήσειhe shall setFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἵστημιmain verb (prescriptive future, transitive)→ prescriptive future (cause to stand)ἵστημι (στήσει): 'set / place'; renders הֶעֱמִיד; the live goat is positioned before the LORD pending its dismissal.
αὐτὸνitAccusativedirect object (resuming the fronted χίμαρον)→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'it', resuming the fronted object — a Hebraistic resumption.
ζῶνταliving / alivePres Act Ptcp Acc Sg Masc · ζάωcircumstantial/predicate participle (modifying αὐτόν: 'set it alive')→ imperfective present participle (the goat's living state)ζάω (pres. ptcp. ζῶντα): 'live / be alive'; renders חַי; the predicate participle stresses that this goat, unlike the LORD's goat, is kept alive — the living bearer of sin (cf. τὸν χίμαρον τὸν ζῶντα, vv. 20–21).
ἔναντιbeforeimproper preposition + genitive (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before'; renders לִפְנֵי.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of יהוה.
τοῦto / for theGenitivearticle governing the infinitive (purpose)→ noun-phrase markingthe genitive article τοῦ + infinitive expresses purpose ('in order to').
ἐξιλάσασθαιto make atonementAor Mid Inf · ἐξιλάσκομαιarticular infinitive of purpose (τοῦ + inf.)→ telic aorist infinitive (purpose: in order to atone)ἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement / propitiate'; renders כִּפֶּר; the purpose-infinitive τοῦ ἐξιλάσασθαι ('to make atonement upon/over it') makes the live goat itself an instrument of atonement — not by its death but by bearing sin away.
ἐπ᾿upon / overpreposition + genitive (the goat as locus of atonement)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon / over'; ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῦ — atonement is effected 'over it.'
αὐτοῦitGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'it', the live goat.
ὥστεso as toconjunction introducing result/purpose infinitive→ discourse linkage or contrastὥστε: 'so that / so as to'; with the infinitive ἀποστεῖλαι it expresses the intended result of the goat's presentation.
ἀποστεῖλαιto send awayAor Act Inf · ἀποστέλλωinfinitive with ὥστε (result/purpose)→ telic aorist infinitiveἀποστέλλω: 'send away / dispatch'; renders שִׁלַּח; the cognate of ἀποπομπή — the goat's destiny is to be 'sent away.'
αὐτὸνitAccusativedirect object of ἀποστεῖλαι→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'it', the goat.
εἰςinto / forpreposition + accusative (goal)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποπομπήνsending-away / dismissalAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (goal/result)→ object specificationἀποπομπή: 'a sending-away / dismissal'; the abstract noun cognate to ἀποπομπαῖος (vv. 8, 10); εἰς τὴν ἀποπομπήν ('to the sending-away') confirms that the LXX understood עֲזָאזֵל as denoting the act/place of dismissal rather than a proper name — the key lexical datum of the scapegoat crux.
ἀφήσειhe shall release / let goFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀφίημιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future (the act of release)ἀφίημι (fut. ἀφήσει): 'let go / release / send away'; renders שִׁלַּח; ἀφίημι also carries the sense 'forgive / remit' — a resonance fitting the goat that removes sin (cf. ἄφεσις 'forgiveness/release', v. 26).
αὐτὸνitAccusativedirect object of ἀφήσει→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'it', the goat.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔρημονwilderness / desertAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (destination)→ object specificationἔρημος: 'wilderness / desert'; renders מִדְבָּר; the uninhabited place to which sin is banished — εἰς γῆν ἄβατον ('an untrodden land', v. 22), beyond the bounds of the covenant community.
11

καὶ προσάξει Ααρων τὸν μόσχον τὸν περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας τὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῦ οἴκου αὐτοῦ μόνον καὶ ἐξιλάσεται περὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῦ οἴκου αὐτοῦ καὶ σφάξει τὸν μόσχον τὸν περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας τὸν αὐτοῦ

And Aaron shall bring near the bull of the sin offering, the one for himself and his house alone, and shall make atonement for himself and his house, and shall slaughter the bull of the sin offering which is his own.

Return to the priest's bull: presentation, atonement, slaughterκαὶ προσάξει Ααρων
The narrative resumes Aaron's own sin offering (v. 6) and carries it to slaughter (σφάξει). The triple article τὸν μόσχον τὸν … τὸν αὐτοῦ and the emphatic μόνον ('alone') stress that this offering is exclusively for the priest and his household — again the Hebrews motif that the high priest must atone for himself first (Heb 7:27). σφάξει introduces the blood-rite that follows (vv. 12–14).
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσάξειhe shall bring nearFut Act Indic 3 Sg · προσάγωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive futureπροσάγω: 'bring near / present'; renders הִקְרִיב.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; nominative subject.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχονbull / calfAccusativedirect object of προσάξει→ object specificationμόσχος: 'young bull'; renders פַּר; Aaron's own sin offering.
τὸνthe (one)Accusativearticle (attributive, with περί-phrase)→ noun-phrase markingthe repeated article substantivizes the modifying phrase: 'the bull, the one for the sin offering.'
περὶforpreposition + genitive (sin-offering designation)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for'; περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας = 'of the sin offering.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin offering'; renders חַטָּאת.
τὸνthe (one)Accusativearticle (attributive, with the possessive αὐτοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingthird article in the chain: 'the one belonging to him.'
αὐτοῦhis ownGenitivegenitive of possession (substantival: 'the one of him')→ relational specificationαὐτός: possessive genitive; with the article, 'the (bull) that is his own.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive of possession (parallel to αὐτοῦ)→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house / household'; renders בַּיִת.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his.'
μόνονalone / onlyAccusativeadverbial accusative (restrictive: 'for himself alone')→ object specificationμόνος: 'alone / only'; the adverbial μόνον restricts the offering's benefit to Aaron and his house — distinct from the people's goat — underscoring the priest's prior need of cleansing.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξιλάσεταιhe shall make atonementFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐξιλάσκομαιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middleἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement / propitiate'; renders כִּפֶּר; the chapter's keyword recurring.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (beneficiary)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for / on behalf of.'
αὐτοῦhimselfGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'himself.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive (second beneficiary, governed by περί)→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house / household.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σφάξειhe shall slaughterFut Act Indic 3 Sg · σφάζωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future (ritual slaughter)σφάζω: 'slaughter / slay (by cutting the throat)'; renders שָׁחַט; the technical verb for ritual killing of a sacrifice, releasing the blood for the atonement-rite that follows.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχονbullAccusativedirect object of σφάξει→ object specificationμόσχος: 'young bull'; the same animal, now slain.
τὸνthe (one)Accusativearticle (attributive, with περί-phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (sin-offering designation)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for the sin offering.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin offering.'
τὸνthe (one)Accusativearticle (attributive, with αὐτοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτοῦhis ownGenitivegenitive of possession (substantival)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his own' — closing the verse by re-affirming the bull as exclusively Aaron's offering.
12

καὶ λήμψεται τὸ πυρεῖον πλῆρες ἀνθράκων πυρὸς ἀπὸ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου τοῦ ἀπέναντι κυρίου καὶ πλήσει τὰς χεῖρας θυμιάματος συνθέσεως λεπτῆς καὶ εἰσοίσει ἐσώτερον τοῦ καταπετάσματος

And he shall take the censer full of coals of fire from the altar that is before the LORD, and shall fill his hands with finely compounded incense, and bring it within the veil.

The incense rite: preparing the protective cloud for entry within the veilκαὶ λήμψεται
Before sprinkling blood, Aaron carries fire and incense inside the veil. The censer of burning coals (πυρεῖον πλῆρες ἀνθράκων πυρός) taken from the altar 'before the LORD,' and the handfuls of θυμίαμα συνθέσεως λεπτῆς ('finely compounded incense'), will generate the cloud that shields him from the lethal divine glory (v. 13). The note of fire taken from the proper altar quietly contrasts with the πῦρ ἀλλότριον that killed Nadab and Abihu (v. 1).
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψεταιhe shall takeFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middleλαμβάνω: 'take'; renders לָקַח.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρεῖονcenser / fire-panAccusativedirect object of λήμψεται→ object specificationπυρεῖον: 'fire-pan / censer'; renders מַחְתָּה; the vessel for carrying live coals — the same kind of implement Nadab and Abihu misused (Lev 10:1).
πλῆρεςfullAccusativeattributive/predicate adjective (modifying πυρεῖον)→ object specificationπλήρης: 'full'; renders מָלֵא; 'full of coals of fire.'
ἀνθράκωνcoalsGenitivegenitive of content (with πλῆρες)→ relational specificationἄνθραξ: 'burning coal / charcoal'; renders גַּחֲלֵי; the genitive of material/content with πλῆρες.
πυρὸςof fireGenitivegenitive (qualifying ἀνθράκων: 'coals of fire')→ relational specificationπῦρ: 'fire'; ἀνθράκων πυρός ('coals of fire') renders גַּחֲלֵי־אֵשׁ; the live, burning coals.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό + gen.: 'from'; the coals' authorized source.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (source of the coals)→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar (place of sacrifice)'; renders מִזְבֵּחַ; the LXX-coined cultic term (vs. pagan βωμός); the coals come from the legitimate altar 'before the LORD' — the implicit antithesis of the 'strange fire' of v. 1.
τοῦthe (one)Genitivearticle (attributive, with ἀπέναντι-phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπέναντιbefore / oppositeimproper preposition + genitive (locative, attributive to the altar)→ spatial or relational framingἀπέναντι: 'opposite / before / in front of'; renders לִפְנֵי; locates the altar in the LORD's presence.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἀπέναντι→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of יהוה.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλήσειhe shall fillFut Act Indic 3 Sg · πίμπλημιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive futureπίμπλημι (fut. πλήσει): 'fill'; renders מָלֵא; 'he shall fill his hands' = take two handfuls of incense.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of πλήσει→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; renders חָפְנָיו ('his two handfuls'); the incense measured by the hands.
θυμιάματοςincenseGenitivegenitive of content (with πλήσει: 'fill with incense')→ relational specificationθυμίαμα: 'incense / fragrant offering'; renders קְטֹרֶת; the genitive of material with the verb of filling.
συνθέσεωςof compounding / compositionGenitivegenitive of quality (describing θυμίαμα)→ relational specificationσύνθεσις: 'composition / compounding / mixture'; renders the sense of the specially blended incense (cf. Exod 30:34–35).
λεπτῆςfine / finely groundGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying συνθέσεως)→ relational specificationλεπτός: 'fine / small / finely ground'; renders דַּקָּה; the incense is finely pulverized, so it burns readily into a thick cloud.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσοίσειhe shall bring inFut Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσφέρωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future (the act of carrying within)εἰσφέρω (fut. εἰσοίσει): 'bring/carry in'; renders הֵבִיא; Aaron carries the censer and incense within the veil — the inner approach the chapter so carefully regulates.
ἐσώτερονwithin / insidecomparative adverb as improper preposition + genitive→ spatial or relational framingἐσώτερος: 'inner'; adverbially with the genitive, 'inside / within'; renders מִבֵּית לְ.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταπετάσματοςveilGenitivegenitive with ἐσώτερον ('within the veil')→ relational specificationκαταπέτασμα: 'veil / curtain'; renders פָּרֹכֶת; the inner curtain before the Holy of Holies (cf. v. 2; Heb 9:3).
13

καὶ ἐπιθήσει τὸ θυμίαμα ἐπὶ τὸ πῦρ ἔναντι κυρίου καὶ καλύψει ἡ ἀτμὶς τοῦ θυμιάματος τὸ ἱλαστήριον τὸ ἐπὶ τῶν μαρτυρίων καὶ οὐκ ἀποθανεῖται

And he shall put the incense upon the fire before the LORD, and the vapor of the incense shall cover the mercy-seat that is upon the testimonies, and he shall not die.

The protective incense-cloud over the mercy-seatκαὶ ἐπιθήσει τὸ θυμίαμα
The incense placed on the coals produces ἡ ἀτμὶς τοῦ θυμιάματος ('the vapor of the incense'), which καλύψει ('shall cover') the ἱλαστήριον — the same protective overshadowing as the divine νεφέλη of v. 2. The clause καὶ οὐκ ἀποθανεῖται ('and he shall not die') makes explicit the rite's life-or-death stakes: the cloud screens the high priest from the unmediated glory, the converse of the deaths in v. 1.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσειhe shall put uponFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive futureἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon / put on'; renders נָתַן; here of laying the incense on the coals.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμίαμαincenseAccusativedirect object of ἐπιθήσει→ object specificationθυμίαμα: 'incense'; renders קְטֹרֶת.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (place).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πῦρfireAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationπῦρ: 'fire'; renders אֵשׁ; the burning coals of v. 12.
ἔναντιbeforeimproper preposition + genitive (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before'; renders לִפְנֵי.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of יהוה.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (result)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καλύψειshall coverFut Act Indic 3 Sg · καλύπτωmain verb (prescriptive/result future)→ prescriptive future (the protective covering)καλύπτω: 'cover / conceal / veil'; renders כִּסָּה; the incense-cloud must overspread the mercy-seat — a deliberate concealment of the divine presence for the priest's protection.
ἡtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀτμὶςvapor / smokeNominativesubject of καλύψει→ participant prominenceἀτμίς: 'vapor / steam / smoke'; renders עֲנַן (here 'cloud of smoke'); the rising incense-smoke; the same noun is used at Acts 2:19 (ἀτμίδα καπνοῦ) and Jas 4:14.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμιάματοςof the incenseGenitivegenitive of source (the vapor 'of the incense')→ relational specificationθυμίαμα: 'incense'; the smoke arises from the burning incense.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱλαστήριονmercy-seatAccusativedirect object of καλύψει→ object specificationἱλαστήριον: 'mercy-seat / propitiatory'; renders כַּפֹּרֶת; the focal object of the rite, covered by the protective cloud (cf. v. 2; Heb 9:5).
τὸthe (one)Accusativearticle (attributive, with ἐπί-phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίωνtestimoniesGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί ('upon the testimonies')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony'; renders עֵדוּת; the plural τῶν μαρτυρίων refers to the tablets of the covenant within the ark, over which the mercy-seat rests (cf. Heb 9:4).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (result/purpose)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποθανεῖταιhe shall dieFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (apodosis: outcome of the protective rite)→ predictive future (life preserved by the cloud)ἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; renders מוּת; καὶ οὐκ ἀποθανεῖται ('that he die not') — the incense-cloud is the very means of the priest's survival in the divine presence; the converse fate is that of Nadab and Abihu (v. 1).
14

καὶ λήμψεται ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ μόσχου καὶ ῥανεῖ τῷ δακτύλῳ ἐπὶ τὸ ἱλαστήριον κατὰ ἀνατολάς κατὰ πρόσωπον τοῦ ἱλαστηρίου ῥανεῖ ἑπτάκις ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος τῷ δακτύλῳ

And he shall take of the blood of the bull and sprinkle with his finger upon the mercy-seat toward the east; before the face of the mercy-seat he shall sprinkle seven times of the blood with his finger.

The blood-rite within the veil: sprinkling on the mercy-seatκαὶ λήμψεται ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος
The climactic act: the bull's blood is sprinkled with the finger ἐπὶ τὸ ἱλαστήριον ('upon the mercy-seat') and seven times before it. This is precisely the once-a-year blood-application within the veil that Hebrews 9:7, 12, 25 takes as its type — 'not without blood, which he offers for himself and for the sins of the people.' The sevenfold sprinkling (ἑπτάκις) marks completeness of purgation.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψεταιhe shall takeFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middleλαμβάνω: 'take'; renders לָקַח.
ἀπὸof / frompreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό + gen.: partitive, 'some of'; ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος = 'of the blood.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἵματοςbloodGenitivegenitive (partitive object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; renders דָּם; the blood as the agent of atonement (cf. Lev 17:11; Heb 9:22, 'without shedding of blood there is no forgiveness').
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχουof the bullGenitivegenitive of source (the blood 'of the bull')→ relational specificationμόσχος: 'young bull'; the priest's own sin offering, slain in v. 11.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥανεῖhe shall sprinkleFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ῥαίνωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future (the act of sprinkling)ῥαίνω (fut. ῥανεῖ): 'sprinkle'; renders הִזָּה; the technical verb of blood-aspersion; cf. Heb 9:13, 19, 21; 10:22 (ῥαντισμός, ῥαντίζω) for the typological development.
τῷthe / with theDativearticle (dative of instrument)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δακτύλῳfingerDativedative of instrument ('with the finger')→ sphere or referenceδάκτυλος: 'finger'; renders אֶצְבַּע; the high priest applies the blood with his own finger — direct personal mediation.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (place sprinkled)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (place sprinkled).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱλαστήριονmercy-seatAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (place of sprinkling)→ object specificationἱλαστήριον: 'mercy-seat / propitiatory'; renders כַּפֹּרֶת; the blood is applied directly onto the propitiatory — the point where atonement is enacted in the divine presence.
κατὰtowardpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'toward / according to'; κατὰ ἀνατολάς = 'eastward.'
ἀνατολάςeast / sunriseAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (direction: 'toward the east')→ object specificationἀνατολή (pl. ἀνατολάς): 'rising (of the sun) / east'; renders קֵדְמָה; the blood is sprinkled on the east side of the mercy-seat, facing the entrant.
κατὰbefore / in front ofpreposition + accusative (position)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: κατὰ πρόσωπον = 'before / in front of', an idiom rendering לִפְנֵי.
πρόσωπονface / frontAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (idiomatic locative)→ object specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / front'; κατὰ πρόσωπον τοῦ ἱλαστηρίου = 'in front of the mercy-seat.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱλαστηρίουof the mercy-seatGenitivegenitive (with πρόσωπον)→ relational specificationἱλαστήριον: 'mercy-seat'; the second application is before/in front of it.
ῥανεῖhe shall sprinkleFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ῥαίνωmain verb (prescriptive future; resumptive)→ prescriptive futureῥαίνω: 'sprinkle'; the verb repeated to specify the sevenfold aspersion before the mercy-seat.
ἑπτάκιςseven timesnumeral adverb (frequency)→ clausal contributionἑπτάκις: 'seven times'; renders שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים; the sevenfold sprinkling signifies complete, perfect purgation — seven being the number of cultic completeness.
ἀπὸof / frompreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό + gen.: partitive, 'some of the blood.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἵματοςbloodGenitivegenitive (partitive object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; the bull's blood.
τῷwith theDativearticle (dative of instrument)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δακτύλῳfingerDativedative of instrument ('with the finger')→ sphere or referenceδάκτυλος: 'finger'; the instrument of aspersion, repeated for emphasis.
15

καὶ σφάξει τὸν χίμαρον τὸν περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας τὸν περὶ τοῦ λαοῦ ἔναντι κυρίου καὶ εἰσοίσει ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος αὐτοῦ ἐσώτερον τοῦ καταπετάσματος καὶ ποιήσει τὸ αἷμα αὐτοῦ ὃν τρόπον ἐποίησεν τὸ αἷμα τοῦ μόσχου καὶ ῥανεῖ τὸ αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ ἱλαστήριον κατὰ πρόσωπον τοῦ ἱλαστηρίου

And he shall slaughter the goat of the sin offering which is for the people, before the LORD, and bring of its blood within the veil, and do with its blood in the manner he did with the blood of the bull, and sprinkle its blood upon the mercy-seat, before the face of the mercy-seat.

The people's goat: the same blood-rite repeated for the congregationκαὶ σφάξει τὸν χίμαρον
The blood-rite of vv. 14 is now repeated with the people's goat (τὸν περὶ τοῦ λαοῦ). The comparative clause ὃν τρόπον ἐποίησεν ('in the manner he did') explicitly parallels the two atonements — for priest and for people — that Hebrews 9:7 sums up as 'for himself and for the errors of the people.' The repetition underscores the once-a-year, twofold purgation of the inner sanctum.
Word-by-word analysis· 47 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σφάξειhe shall slaughterFut Act Indic 3 Sg · σφάζωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future (ritual slaughter)σφάζω: 'slaughter / slay'; renders שָׁחַט; the ritual killing of the people's goat.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χίμαρονhe-goatAccusativedirect object of σφάξει→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat'; renders שָׂעִיר; the goat allotted to the LORD (v. 9).
τὸνthe (one)Accusativearticle (attributive, with περί-phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (sin-offering designation)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for'; περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας = 'of the sin offering.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin offering.'
τὸνthe (one)Accusativearticle (attributive, second περί-phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (beneficiary)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for / on behalf of'; περὶ τοῦ λαοῦ = 'for the people.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive object of περί (beneficiary)→ relational specificationλαός: 'people'; renders עַם; the goat is the sin offering for the people, distinct from the bull for the priest's house — cf. Heb 9:7, ὑπὲρ … τῶν τοῦ λαοῦ ἀγνοημάτων.
ἔναντιbeforeimproper preposition + genitive (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before'; renders לִפְנֵי.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of יהוה.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσοίσειhe shall bring inFut Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσφέρωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive futureεἰσφέρω (εἰσοίσει): 'bring in / carry in'; renders הֵבִיא; the goat's blood is carried within the veil — the very act Heb 9:12 contrasts with Christ entering 'with his own blood.'
ἀπὸof / frompreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό + gen.: partitive, 'some of.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἵματοςbloodGenitivegenitive (partitive object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; renders דָּם.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the goat's blood)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its', the goat's.
ἐσώτερονwithincomparative adverb as improper preposition + genitive→ spatial or relational framingἐσώτερος: 'inner'; 'within (the veil)'; renders מִבֵּית לְ.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταπετάσματοςveilGenitivegenitive with ἐσώτερον→ relational specificationκαταπέτασμα: 'veil'; renders פָּרֹכֶת.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειhe shall doFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive futureποιέω: 'do / make'; renders עָשָׂה; here 'he shall deal with' the blood as prescribed.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἷμαbloodAccusativedirect object of ποιήσει→ object specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; the goat's blood as object of the rite.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its', the goat's.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (with τρόπον: 'in which manner')→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; ὃν τρόπον ('in the manner which') is an adverbial accusative idiom, 'just as / in the way that.'
τρόπονmanner / wayAccusativeadverbial accusative (ὃν τρόπον: 'in the manner that')→ object specificationτρόπος: 'manner / way'; ὃν τρόπον is a comparative idiom rendering כַּאֲשֶׁר ('just as'), equating the goat's blood-rite with the bull's.
ἐποίησενhe didAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of comparative clause (referring to the prior bull-rite)→ constative aorist (the completed bull-rite of v. 14)ποιέω (aor.): 'do'; the aorist looks back to the already-prescribed handling of the bull's blood (v. 14), making the two rites identical.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἷμαbloodAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; the bull's blood.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχουof the bullGenitivegenitive of source→ relational specificationμόσχος: 'young bull'; the priest's offering.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥανεῖhe shall sprinkleFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ῥαίνωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive futureῥαίνω: 'sprinkle'; renders הִזָּה; the goat's blood likewise sprinkled on and before the mercy-seat.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἷμαbloodAccusativedirect object of ῥανεῖ→ object specificationαἷμα: 'blood.'
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'its', the goat's.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (place).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱλαστήριονmercy-seatAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationἱλαστήριον: 'mercy-seat'; renders כַּפֹּרֶת.
κατὰbeforepreposition + accusative (position)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: κατὰ πρόσωπον = 'before / in front of.'
πρόσωπονface / frontAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / front'; κατὰ πρόσωπον τοῦ ἱλαστηρίου = 'before the mercy-seat.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱλαστηρίουof the mercy-seatGenitivegenitive (with πρόσωπον)→ relational specificationἱλαστήριον: 'mercy-seat'; the focal locus of the doubled blood-rite.
16

καὶ ἐξιλάσεται τὸ ἅγιον ἀπὸ τῶν ἀκαθαρσιῶν τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀδικημάτων αὐτῶν περὶ πασῶν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν καὶ οὕτω ποιήσει τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου τῇ ἐκτισμένῃ ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐν μέσῳ τῆς ἀκαθαρσίας αὐτῶν

And he shall make atonement for the holy place from the uncleannesses of the sons of Israel and from their injustices, concerning all their sins; and so he shall do for the tent of testimony that is established among them, in the midst of their uncleanness.

Purpose and effect of the blood-rite: purgation of the sanctuary itselfκαὶ ἐξιλάσεται τὸ ἅγιον
The blood-rite's purpose is now stated: it purges the holy place itself, contaminated by the ἀκαθαρσίαι ('uncleannesses') and ἀδικήματα ('injustices') of Israel. Strikingly, the object of ἐξιλάσεται here is not the people but τὸ ἅγιον — the sanctuary is cleansed because the holy God dwells ἐν μέσῳ τῆς ἀκαθαρσίας αὐτῶν ('in the midst of their uncleanness'). The triad ἀκαθαρσιῶν / ἀδικημάτων / ἁμαρτιῶν anticipates the comprehensive confession of v. 21.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξιλάσεταιhe shall make atonementFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐξιλάσκομαιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middleἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement / purge / propitiate'; renders כִּפֶּר; here with an object of place (τὸ ἅγιον) — the rite cleanses the contaminated sanctuary, not directly the persons.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιονholy placeAccusativedirect object of ἐξιλάσεται (the thing purged)→ object specificationἅγιος: substantivized τὸ ἅγιον, 'the holy place'; the inner sanctum is itself the object of purgation — atonement here has a spatial, sanctuary-cleansing sense (cf. Heb 9:23, 'the heavenly things themselves' purified).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation: cleansing from)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό + gen.: 'from'; the impurity from which the holy place is cleansed.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκαθαρσιῶνuncleannessesGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationἀκαθαρσία: 'uncleanness / impurity'; renders טֻמְאָה; ritual and moral defilement that pollutes the sanctuary.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of source ('of the sons of Israel')→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ — the people whose impurities defile the holy place.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; here genitive.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό + gen.: 'from.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδικημάτωνinjustices / wrongsGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationἀδίκημα: 'wrong / injustice / transgression'; renders פֶּשַׁע; willful offenses — the second term in the chapter's vocabulary of sin.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their', of the Israelites.
περὶconcerningpreposition + genitive (with respect to)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'concerning / with respect to.'
πασῶνallGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying ἁμαρτιῶν)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the comprehensiveness of the atonement (cf. v. 30, ἀπὸ πασῶν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτιῶνsinsGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin'; renders חַטָּאת; the third term — the inclusive category covering all the foregoing.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὕτωso / likewiseadverb of manner (anaphoric: 'in the same way')→ adverbial qualificationοὕτω(ς): 'thus / so'; renders כֵּן; extends the same purgation-rite to the tent of meeting.
ποιήσειhe shall doFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive futureποιέω: 'do / make'; renders עָשָׂה; 'so he shall do (likewise) for the tent.'
τῇthe / for theDativearticle (dative of advantage)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῇtentDativedative of advantage/reference ('for the tent')→ sphere or referenceσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; renders אֹהֶל; the outer holy place, likewise needing purgation.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουtestimonyGenitivegenitive of content ('tent of the testimony')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony'; renders מוֹעֵד; the standard LXX designation of the tabernacle.
τῇthe (one)Dativearticle (attributive, with participle)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκτισμένῃestablished / createdPerf Pass Ptcp Dat Sg Fem · κτίζωattributive participle (modifying σκηνῇ)→ resultative perfect participle (the tent in its abiding established state)κτίζω (perf. pass. ptcp.): 'found / establish / create'; the perfect ἐκτισμένῃ denotes the tabernacle as a settled, established structure pitched among the people; the participle stresses YHWH's tent standing in the midst of an unclean camp.
ἐνamongpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: 'among / in the midst of.'
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative object of ἐν ('among them')→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: 'them'; the tent is established among the Israelites.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
μέσῳmidstDativedative object of ἐν (ἐν μέσῳ: 'in the midst of')→ sphere or referenceμέσος: 'middle / midst'; ἐν μέσῳ + gen. = 'in the midst of', rendering בְּתוֹךְ; the holy God dwells amid an unclean people — hence the necessity of sanctuary-purgation.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκαθαρσίαςuncleannessGenitivegenitive (with ἐν μέσῳ)→ relational specificationἀκαθαρσία: 'uncleanness / impurity'; renders טֻמְאָה; the defiling presence of sin in the very camp where God's tent stands.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their.'
17

καὶ πᾶς ἄνθρωπος οὐκ ἔσται ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου εἰσπορευομένου αὐτοῦ ἐξιλάσασθαι ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ ἕως ἂν ἐξέλθῃ καὶ ἐξιλάσεται περὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῦ οἴκου αὐτοῦ καὶ περὶ πάσης συναγωγῆς υἱῶν Ισραηλ

And no man shall be in the tent of testimony when he goes in to make atonement in the holy place, until he comes out; and he shall make atonement for himself and for his house and for the whole congregation of the sons of Israel.

Solitude of the high priest during the inner riteκαὶ πᾶς ἄνθρωπος οὐκ ἔσται
The high priest acts alone: no other person may be in the tent during the atonement. The genitive-absolute εἰσπορευομένου αὐτοῦ ('when he enters') and the ἕως ἄν + subjunctive (ἐξέλθῃ) frame the interval of his solitary mediation. Hebrews 9:7 ('into the second the high priest alone, once a year') rests on exactly this solitude, contrasting it with Christ's definitive entry.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςevery / anyNominativeattributive adjective (with ἄνθρωπος; πᾶς … οὐκ = 'no')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every / all'; πᾶς … οὐκ is a Hebraistic negation (כָּל … לֹא) meaning 'no one at all.'
ἄνθρωποςman / personNominativesubject of ἔσται→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: 'man / human being'; renders אָדָם; here 'no person whatever' may be present.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἔσται)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: with πᾶς forms the total negation 'no one shall be.'
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future (prohibition of presence)εἰμί: 'be'; the future expresses the rule excluding all others from the tent during the rite.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῇtentDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; renders אֹהֶל.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουtestimonyGenitivegenitive of content ('tent of the testimony')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony'; renders מוֹעֵד.
εἰσπορευομένουgoing in / enteringPres Mid Ptcp Gen Sg Masc · εἰσπορεύομαιgenitive absolute (temporal: 'when he enters')→ imperfective present participle (the entering in progress)εἰσπορεύομαι (pres. ptcp.): 'enter / go in'; the genitive absolute εἰσπορευομένου αὐτοῦ ('when he goes in') sets the temporal frame — the prohibition holds throughout the priest's presence within.
αὐτοῦhe / hisGenitivegenitive subject of the genitive absolute→ relational specificationαὐτός: the subject of the genitive absolute, 'he' (the high priest).
ἐξιλάσασθαιto make atonementAor Mid Inf · ἐξιλάσκομαιinfinitive of purpose→ telic aorist infinitive (purpose of entry)ἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement'; renders כִּפֶּר; the purpose-infinitive states why he enters.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίῳholy placeDativesubstantivized adjective (dative of place)→ sphere or referenceἅγιος: substantivized τὸ ἅγιον, 'the holy place'; locative of the atoning act.
ἕωςuntiltemporal conjunction (with ἄν + subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: 'until'; with ἄν + aorist subjunctive marks the indefinite terminus of the interval.
ἂν(particle)modal particle (with ἕως + subjunctive: indefiniteness)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: the contingency particle; ἕως ἂν ἐξέλθῃ = 'until he comes out (whenever that is).'
ἐξέλθῃhe comes outAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιverb of temporal clause (ἕως ἂν + subjunctive)→ aorist subjunctive (indefinite future terminus)ἐξέρχομαι: 'go out / come out'; renders יָצָא; marks the end of the priest's solitary presence in the holy place.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξιλάσεταιhe shall make atonementFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐξιλάσκομαιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middleἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement'; the comprehensive atonement now reaches priest, house, and whole congregation.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (beneficiary)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for / on behalf of.'
αὐτοῦhimselfGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'himself.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive (beneficiary, governed by περί)→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house / household.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (beneficiary)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for / on behalf of.'
πάσηςall / the wholeGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying συναγωγῆς)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all / whole'; 'the whole congregation' — the scope widens to all Israel.
συναγωγῆςcongregationGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationσυναγωγή: 'congregation / assembly'; renders קָהָל / עֵדָה.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive of relationship ('of the sons of Israel')→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; συναγωγὴ υἱῶν Ισραηλ — the assembly of Israel.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; genitive.
18

καὶ ἐξελεύσεται ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ ὂν ἀπέναντι κυρίου καὶ ἐξιλάσεται ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῦ καὶ λήμψεται ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ μόσχου καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ χιμάρου καὶ ἐπιθήσει ἐπὶ τὰ κέρατα τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου κύκλῳ

And he shall go out to the altar that is before the LORD and make atonement upon it, and shall take of the blood of the bull and of the blood of the goat and put it on the horns of the altar round about.

Atonement extended to the altar by mingled bloodκαὶ ἐξελεύσεται
Emerging from the inner sanctum, the priest purges the altar with the combined blood of bull and goat, applied to its horns κύκλῳ ('round about'). The mingling of the two bloods unites the priest's and the people's atonement at the altar — the third sacred object cleansed (cf. v. 20).
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελεύσεταιhe shall go outFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive futureἐξέρχομαι: 'go out / come out'; renders יָצָא; the priest exits the inner sanctum to the altar.
ἐπὶto / uponpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'to / toward.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; renders מִזְבֵּחַ; the altar of incense (or burnt offering) within the sanctuary precinct.
τὸthe (one)Accusativearticle (attributive, with participle ὂν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὂνbeing / that isPres Act Ptcp Acc Sg Neut · εἰμίattributive participle (modifying θυσιαστήριον)→ imperfective present participle (the altar's location)εἰμί (pres. ptcp. ὄν): 'being'; the attributive participle τὸ ὂν ἀπέναντι κυρίου ('the one that is before the LORD') locates the altar in the divine presence.
ἀπέναντιbefore / oppositeimproper preposition + genitive (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἀπέναντι: 'before / opposite'; renders לִפְנֵי.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἀπέναντι→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of יהוה.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξιλάσεταιhe shall make atonementFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐξιλάσκομαιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middleἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement / purge'; the altar itself is purged.
ἐπ᾿upon / forpreposition + genitive (the altar as object of purgation)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon / for it'; the atonement is made 'upon' the altar.
αὐτοῦitGenitivegenitive object of ἐπ᾿→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'it', the altar.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψεταιhe shall takeFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middleλαμβάνω: 'take'; renders לָקַח.
ἀπὸof / frompreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό + gen.: partitive, 'some of.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἵματοςbloodGenitivegenitive (partitive object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; renders דָּם.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχουof the bullGenitivegenitive of source→ relational specificationμόσχος: 'young bull'; the priest's offering.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸof / frompreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό + gen.: partitive.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἵματοςbloodGenitivegenitive (partitive object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationαἷμα: 'blood.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χιμάρουof the goatGenitivegenitive of source→ relational specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat'; the people's offering; the two bloods are now mingled.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσειhe shall put onFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive futureἐπιτίθημι: 'put upon / apply'; renders נָתַן; the blood is applied to the altar's horns.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (place).
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κέραταhornsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationκέρας (pl. κέρατα): 'horn'; renders קַרְנוֹת; the projecting corners of the altar, the points of greatest sanctity where blood is applied.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουof the altarGenitivegenitive of possession ('horns of the altar')→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar.'
κύκλῳround aboutDativeadverbial dative (manner: 'all around')→ sphere or referenceκύκλος (adverbial dat. κύκλῳ): 'in a circle / round about'; renders סָבִיב; the blood is applied to all the horns, encircling the altar.
19

καὶ ῥανεῖ ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος τῷ δακτύλῳ ἑπτάκις καὶ καθαριεῖ αὐτὸ καὶ ἁγιάσει αὐτὸ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀκαθαρσιῶν τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ

And he shall sprinkle upon it of the blood with his finger seven times, and shall cleanse it and sanctify it from the uncleannesses of the sons of Israel.

Sevenfold sprinkling: cleansing and re-sanctifying the altarκαὶ ῥανεῖ ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῦ
The altar is sprinkled sevenfold and then both καθαριεῖ ('cleansed') and ἁγιάσει ('sanctified') — the double effect of atonement: removal of defilement and restoration of holiness. The pairing of cleansing-language (καθαρίζω) with the blood-rite is precisely the vocabulary Hebrews 9:22–23 takes up ('almost all things are cleansed with blood').
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥανεῖhe shall sprinkleFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ῥαίνωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive futureῥαίνω: 'sprinkle'; renders הִזָּה.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + genitive (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon it' (the altar).
αὐτοῦitGenitivegenitive object of ἐπ᾿→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'it', the altar.
ἀπὸof / frompreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό + gen.: partitive.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἵματοςbloodGenitivegenitive (partitive object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; the mingled blood.
τῷwith theDativearticle (dative of instrument)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δακτύλῳfingerDativedative of instrument→ sphere or referenceδάκτυλος: 'finger'; the instrument of aspersion.
ἑπτάκιςseven timesnumeral adverb (frequency)→ clausal contributionἑπτάκις: 'seven times'; renders שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים; sevenfold = complete purgation.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθαριεῖhe shall cleanseFut Act Indic 3 Sg · καθαρίζωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future (the cleansing effect)καθαρίζω: 'cleanse / purify'; renders טִהֵר; the removal of defilement; the cognate noun and verb are central to Hebrews' purity-language (Heb 9:14, 22–23; 10:2) and to v. 30 (καθαρίσαι, καθαρισθήσεσθε).
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object of καθαριεῖ→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'it', the altar (neuter, agreeing with θυσιαστήριον).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁγιάσειhe shall sanctifyFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἁγιάζωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future (re-consecration)ἁγιάζω: 'sanctify / consecrate / set apart as holy'; renders קִדֵּשׁ; the second effect — the altar is not merely cleansed but restored to holiness; cleansing and sanctifying together describe full atonement.
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object of ἁγιάσει→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'it', the altar.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό + gen.: 'from'; the impurity removed.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκαθαρσιῶνuncleannessesGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationἀκαθαρσία: 'uncleanness'; renders טֻמְאָה.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive of source→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; of the sons of Israel.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; genitive.
20

καὶ συντελέσει ἐξιλασκόμενος τὸ ἅγιον καὶ τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον καὶ περὶ τῶν ἱερέων καθαριεῖ καὶ προσάξει τὸν χίμαρον τὸν ζῶντα

And when he has finished making atonement for the holy place and the tent of testimony and the altar, and has made purification concerning the priests, he shall bring near the living goat.

Transition: completion of the sanctuary-rite, turn to the live goatκαὶ συντελέσει ἐξιλασκόμενος
A pivotal hinge: the completion (συντελέσει) of the threefold sanctuary-atonement (holy place, tent, altar) and the priests' purification clears the way for the live-goat rite of vv. 21–22. The complementary participle ἐξιλασκόμενος ('finishing atoning') gathers up the whole inner ritual just described.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συντελέσειhe shall finish / completeFut Act Indic 3 Sg · συντελέωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future (completion of the rite)συντελέω: 'complete / finish / bring to an end'; renders כִּלָּה; marks the end of the sanctuary-purgation; the verb's note of completion resonates with Hebrews' τετέλεσται/perfection theology (Heb 9:6; 10:14).
ἐξιλασκόμενοςmaking atonementPres Mid Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ἐξιλάσκομαιcomplementary/supplementary participle (with συντελέσει: 'finish atoning')→ imperfective present participle (the ongoing atoning brought to completion)ἐξιλάσκομαι (pres. ptcp.): 'make atonement'; the supplementary participle with συντελέω ('he will finish atoning') is a Greek idiom for completing an ongoing action; it sums up the whole inner blood-rite (vv. 11–19).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιονholy placeAccusativedirect object of ἐξιλασκόμενος (first of three)→ object specificationἅγιος: substantivized τὸ ἅγιον, 'the holy place'; first of the three purged objects.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtentAccusativedirect object (second of three)→ object specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; renders אֹהֶל.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουtestimonyGenitivegenitive of content ('tent of the testimony')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativedirect object (third of three)→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; the third purged object; the trio holy-place/tent/altar matches Hebrews' description of the dual-chambered sanctuary and its furnishings (Heb 9:2–5).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περὶconcerning / forpreposition + genitive (beneficiary of purification)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'concerning / for'; the priests as beneficiaries.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέωνpriestsGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; the priests purified along with the sanctuary.
καθαριεῖhe shall make purificationFut Act Indic 3 Sg · καθαρίζωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive futureκαθαρίζω: 'cleanse / purify'; renders טִהֵר; here used absolutely with περί ('he shall make purification for the priests').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (consequence)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσάξειhe shall bring nearFut Act Indic 3 Sg · προσάγωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive futureπροσάγω: 'bring near / present'; renders הִקְרִיב; the live goat is now brought forward for the confession-rite.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χίμαρονhe-goatAccusativedirect object of προσάξει→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat'; the scapegoat, reserved alive since v. 10.
τὸνthe (one)Accusativearticle (attributive, with participle)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζῶνταliving / alivePres Act Ptcp Acc Sg Masc · ζάωattributive participle (modifying χίμαρον: 'the living goat')→ imperfective present participle (the goat's living state)ζάω (pres. ptcp. ζῶντα): 'live'; renders חַי; ὁ χίμαρος ὁ ζῶν ('the live goat') is the technical designation of the scapegoat — the one not slain, that bears sin away alive.
21

καὶ ἐπιθήσει Ααρων τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ χιμάρου τοῦ ζῶντος καὶ ἐξαγορεύσει ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῦ πάσας τὰς ἀνομίας τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ καὶ πάσας τὰς ἀδικίας αὐτῶν καὶ πάσας τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπιθήσει αὐτὰς ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ χιμάρου τοῦ ζῶντος καὶ ἐξαποστελεῖ ἐν χειρὶ ἀνθρώπου ἑτοίμου εἰς τὴν ἔρημον

And Aaron shall lay his hands upon the head of the living goat and confess over it all the iniquities of the sons of Israel and all their injustices and all their sins, and shall lay them upon the head of the living goat, and shall send it away by the hand of a ready man into the wilderness.

The scapegoat rite proper: imposition of hands, confession, transfer of sin, dispatchκαὶ ἐπιθήσει Ααρων τὰς χεῖρας
HEADLINE CRUX (scapegoat). The transfer of sin is enacted by laying both hands (τὰς χεῖρας) on the goat's head and confessing over it the triad ἀνομίας / ἀδικίας / ἁμαρτίας ('iniquities / injustices / sins'), then placing (ἐπιθήσει αὐτάς) them on the goat. The goat, now sin-bearer, is dispatched ἐν χειρὶ ἀνθρώπου ἑτοίμου ('by the hand of a ready man') into the wilderness. The hand-imposition plus confession is the visible mechanism of substitutionary transfer that undergirds the Christian reading of Isa 53:6 ('the LORD laid on him the iniquity of us all') and the Hebrews logic of sin borne away.
Word-by-word analysis· 52 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσειhe shall lay onFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future (ritual hand-imposition)ἐπιτίθημι: 'lay/place upon'; renders סָמַךְ; the imposition of hands (ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν) is the cultic gesture of identification and transfer (cf. Lev 1:4; and Heb 6:2 of the rite generally).
ΑαρωνAaronsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; nominative subject.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of ἐπιθήσει→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; the plural 'both hands' (renders שְׁתֵּי יָדָיו) intensifies the act of identification with the goat.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his.'
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (place).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head'; renders רֹאשׁ; the head as the locus onto which sin is symbolically loaded.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χιμάρουgoatGenitivegenitive of possession ('head of the goat')→ relational specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat'; the live goat.
τοῦthe (one)Genitivearticle (attributive, with participle)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζῶντοςlivingPres Act Ptcp Gen Sg Masc · ζάωattributive participle (modifying χιμάρου)→ imperfective present participleζάω (ptcp. ζῶντος): 'live'; 'the living goat' — emphatically alive, the sin-bearer.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαγορεύσειhe shall confessFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξαγορεύωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future (the act of open confession)ἐξαγορεύω: 'declare openly / confess aloud'; renders הִתְוַדָּה (Hithpael of ידה, 'confess'); the compound ἐξ- stresses full, public confession — the high priest verbally enumerates the people's sins over the goat, the speech-act that effects their transfer.
ἐπ᾿overpreposition + genitive (over the goat)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'over / upon'; the confession is spoken 'over it.'
αὐτοῦitGenitivegenitive object of ἐπ᾿→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'it', the goat.
πάσαςallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀνομίας)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the threefold πάσας … πάσας … πάσας stresses the totality of sin confessed and removed.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνομίαςiniquities / lawless deedsAccusativedirect object of ἐξαγορεύσει (first of triad)→ object specificationἀνομία: 'lawlessness / iniquity'; renders עָוֹן; the first member of the comprehensive sin-triad; the plural ἀνομίαι is the very word of Heb 8:12; 10:17 ('their sins and iniquities I will remember no more').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; of the sons of Israel.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; genitive.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάσαςallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀδικίας)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; second of the triad.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδικίαςinjustices / wrongsAccusativedirect object (second of triad)→ object specificationἀδικία: 'injustice / unrighteousness / wrong'; renders פֶּשַׁע; the second member of the sin-triad — willful transgressions.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάσαςallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἁμαρτίας)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; third of the triad.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinsAccusativedirect object (third of triad)→ object specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin'; renders חַטָּאת; the inclusive third member, summing up every category of wrongdoing transferred to the goat.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσειhe shall layFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future (placing the sins on the goat)ἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon'; the repetition (cf. the hand-imposition above) now applies to the sins themselves — they are 'set upon' the goat's head, completing the transfer.
αὐτὰςthemAccusativedirect object (the confessed sins)→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'them', the sins/iniquities just enumerated.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (place).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head'; the sins loaded onto the goat's head.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χιμάρουgoatGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat.'
τοῦthe (one)Genitivearticle (attributive, with participle)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζῶντοςlivingPres Act Ptcp Gen Sg Masc · ζάωattributive participle (modifying χιμάρου)→ imperfective present participleζάω (ptcp.): 'live'; 'the living goat' repeated, framing the transfer.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαποστελεῖhe shall send awayFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξαποστέλλωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future (dispatch into the wilderness)ἐξαποστέλλω: 'send away / dispatch completely'; renders שִׁלַּח; the intensive compound ἐξαπο- (cf. the dismissal-language of ἀποπομπή) marks the decisive removal of the sin-laden goat from the camp.
ἐνbypreposition + dative (instrument/agency)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: instrumental, 'by the hand of'; a Hebraism (בְּיַד) for agency.
χειρὶhandDativedative of instrument/agency ('by the hand of')→ sphere or referenceχείρ: 'hand'; ἐν χειρί renders בְּיַד, idiomatic for 'by means of / through the agency of.'
ἀνθρώπουa manGenitivegenitive ('hand of a man')→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: 'man / person'; renders אִישׁ; the appointed man who leads the goat away.
ἑτοίμουready / appointedGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying ἀνθρώπου)→ relational specificationἕτοιμος: 'ready / prepared / appointed'; renders עִתִּי ('appointed/timely'); a man designated and ready for the task of dispatching the goat.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔρημονwildernessAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (destination)→ object specificationἔρημος: 'wilderness / desert'; renders מִדְבָּר; the uninhabited place beyond the camp to which sin is removed.
22

καὶ λήμψεται ὁ χίμαρος ἐφ᾿ ἑαυτῷ τὰς ἀδικίας αὐτῶν εἰς γῆν ἄβατον καὶ ἐξαποστελεῖ τὸν χίμαρον εἰς τὴν ἔρημον

And the goat shall bear upon itself their injustices into an untrodden land; and he shall send the goat away into the wilderness.

Effect of the rite: the goat carries sin into an uninhabitable landκαὶ λήμψεται ὁ χίμαρος
The result clause of the scapegoat rite: the goat itself (ὁ χίμαρος, now the grammatical subject) 'takes up upon itself' (ἐφ᾿ ἑαυτῷ) the people's injustices and carries them εἰς γῆν ἄβατον ('into an untrodden/impassable land'). The reflexive ἑαυτῷ stresses that the goat bears the burden in its own person — the substitutionary image read christologically (cf. ἀναφέρω of Christ bearing sins, Heb 9:28; 1 Pet 2:24, alluding to Isa 53).
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψεταιshall take up / bearFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middle (the goat bears the load)λαμβάνω: 'take / take up / bear'; renders נָשָׂא ('carry / bear'); with ἐφ᾿ ἑαυτῷ the sense is 'bear upon itself' — the goat carries the sins away.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χίμαροςgoatNominativesubject of λήμψεται→ participant prominenceχίμαρος: 'he-goat'; now the subject — the goat is the active sin-bearer.
ἐφ᾿uponpreposition + dative (upon itself)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + dat.: 'upon'; ἐφ᾿ ἑαυτῷ = 'upon itself.'
ἑαυτῷitselfDativereflexive pronoun (object of ἐφ᾿)→ participant reference or interestἑαυτοῦ: reflexive pronoun, 'itself'; stresses that the goat personally bears the load of sin — the substitutionary core of the rite.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδικίαςinjusticesAccusativedirect object of λήμψεται→ object specificationἀδικία: 'injustice / wrong'; renders עָוֹן here; the sins carried away.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
γῆνlandAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (destination)→ object specificationγῆ: 'land / earth'; renders אֶרֶץ.
ἄβατονuntrodden / impassableAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying γῆν)→ object specificationἄβατος: 'untrodden / inaccessible / impassable'; renders גְּזֵרָה ('a cut-off / separate region'); the land of separation from which sin cannot return — a place beyond human habitation.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαποστελεῖhe shall send awayFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξαποστέλλωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive futureἐξαποστέλλω: 'send away completely'; renders שִׁלַּח; the final dispatch of the goat into the wilderness, repeated from v. 21 for closure.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χίμαρονgoatAccusativedirect object of ἐξαποστελεῖ→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔρημονwildernessAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (destination)→ object specificationἔρημος: 'wilderness'; renders מִדְבָּר; the place of final removal.
23

καὶ εἰσελεύσεται Ααρων εἰς τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ ἐκδύσεται τὴν στολὴν τὴν λινῆν ἣν ἐνεδεδύκει εἰσπορευομένου αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸ ἅγιον καὶ ἀποθήσει αὐτὴν ἐκεῖ

And Aaron shall enter the tent of testimony and take off the linen vestment which he had put on when he went into the holy place, and lay it aside there.

Aftermath: removal and laying aside of the linen vestmentsκαὶ εἰσελεύσεται Ααρων
Aaron sheds the linen vestments of the inner rite. The pluperfect ἐνεδεδύκει ('which he had put on') looks back to the vesting of v. 4, and the genitive absolute εἰσπορευομένου αὐτοῦ ('when he went in') frames the now-completed entry. The linen garments, used solely for this once-a-year approach, are laid aside (ἀποθήσει) in the holy place — they belong to that singular act.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσελεύσεταιhe shall enterFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive futureεἰσέρχομαι: 'enter / go in'; renders בּוֹא.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; nominative subject.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtentAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; renders אֹהֶל.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουtestimonyGenitivegenitive of content→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκδύσεταιhe shall take offFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐκδύωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middleἐκδύω (mid.): 'strip off / undress'; renders פָּשַׁט; the antonym of ἐνδύω (v. 4) — the linen vestments are removed.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὴνrobe / vestmentAccusativedirect object of ἐκδύσεται→ object specificationστολή: 'robe / vestment / festal garment'; renders בֶּגֶד; here the linen vestment-set of v. 4.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (attributive)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λινῆνlinenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying στολήν)→ object specificationλινοῦς: 'of linen'; the white vestment of the rite.
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐνεδεδύκει)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun, feminine accusative agreeing with στολήν.
ἐνεδεδύκειhe had put onPlpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐνδύωverb of relative clause→ pluperfect (prior, completed vesting with continuing result)ἐνδύω (plpf. ἐνεδεδύκει): 'had clothed/put on'; the pluperfect looks back to the vesting of v. 4 — the garment he had been wearing throughout the rite.
εἰσπορευομένουgoing in / when he enteredPres Mid Ptcp Gen Sg Masc · εἰσπορεύομαιgenitive absolute (temporal: 'when he went in')→ imperfective present participle (the entering)εἰσπορεύομαι (pres. ptcp.): 'enter'; the genitive absolute εἰσπορευομένου αὐτοῦ ('when he went into the holy place') marks the occasion for which the linen was worn.
αὐτοῦheGenitivegenitive subject of the genitive absolute→ relational specificationαὐτός: subject of the genitive absolute, 'he.'
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιονholy placeAccusativesubstantivized adjective (accusative object of εἰς)→ object specificationἅγιος: substantivized τὸ ἅγιον, 'the holy place.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποθήσειhe shall lay asideFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποτίθημιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive futureἀποτίθημι: 'put away / lay aside / deposit'; renders הִנִּיחַ; the linen vestments are left in the holy place, dedicated to this singular service.
αὐτὴνitAccusativedirect object (the vestment)→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'it', the linen robe.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; renders שָׁם; in the holy place, where the vestments remain.
24

καὶ λούσεται τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ ὕδατι ἐν τόπῳ ἁγίῳ καὶ ἐνδύσεται τὴν στολὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐξελθὼν ποιήσει τὸ ὁλοκάρπωμα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸ ὁλοκάρπωμα τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ ἐξιλάσεται περὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ περὶ τοῦ οἴκου αὐτοῦ καὶ περὶ τοῦ λαοῦ ὡς περὶ τῶν ἱερέων

And he shall bathe his body in water in a holy place and put on his vestment, and going out he shall offer his whole burnt offering and the whole burnt offering of the people, and make atonement for himself and for his house and for the people, as for the priests.

Re-vesting and the burnt offerings completing the day's atonementκαὶ λούσεται τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ
Aaron bathes again (cf. v. 4), dons his ordinary vestment (τὴν στολὴν αὐτοῦ, not the linen), and offers the two burnt offerings — his own and the people's — making atonement for himself, his house, and the people alike. The participle ἐξελθών ('having gone out') marks the move from inner rite to the public altar; the all-embracing scope (himself / house / people / priests) gathers the whole community into the day's atonement.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λούσεταιhe shall batheFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · λούωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middleλούω (mid.): 'wash / bathe (the whole body)'; renders רָחַץ; the second full-body ablution, between the linen rite and the burnt offerings.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῶμαbodyAccusativedirect object of λούσεται→ object specificationσῶμα: 'body.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his.'
ὕδατιwith waterDativedative of instrument/means→ sphere or referenceὕδωρ: 'water'; the instrumental dative.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
τόπῳplaceDativedative of place→ sphere or referenceτόπος: 'place'; renders מָקוֹם; the bathing is done in a consecrated location.
ἁγίῳholyDativeattributive adjective (modifying τόπῳ)→ sphere or referenceἅγιος: 'holy'; renders קָדוֹשׁ; ἐν τόπῳ ἁγίῳ ('in a holy place') marks the sanctity of the ablution-site.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνδύσεταιhe shall put onFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐνδύωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middleἐνδύω (mid.): 'put on / clothe oneself'; here he resumes his regular high-priestly vestment (τὴν στολὴν αὐτοῦ), having laid the linen aside.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὴνvestment / robeAccusativedirect object of ἐνδύσεται→ object specificationστολή: 'robe / vestment'; here 'his own' garment — his ordinary high-priestly attire for the public offerings.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελθὼνhaving gone out / going outAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ἐξέρχομαιcircumstantial participle (temporal/attendant: 'going out')→ antecedent aorist participle (action prior to the main verb)ἐξέρχομαι (aor. ptcp. ἐξελθών): 'go out'; the circumstantial participle marks the move from the sanctuary to the outer altar where the burnt offerings are made.
ποιήσειhe shall offer / makeFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future (the act of offering)ποιέω: 'do / make / offer'; renders עָשָׂה; idiomatic for 'perform/offer' a sacrifice.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκάρπωμαwhole burnt offeringAccusativedirect object of ποιήσει (his own)→ object specificationὁλοκάρπωμα: 'whole burnt offering'; a synonym of ὁλοκαύτωμα (v. 3), 'wholly-consumed fruit/offering'; renders עֹלָה; the priest's own burnt offering (the ram of v. 3).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκάρπωμαwhole burnt offeringAccusativedirect object of ποιήσει (the people's)→ object specificationὁλοκάρπωμα: 'whole burnt offering'; the people's burnt offering (the ram of v. 5).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationλαός: 'people'; renders עַם.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξιλάσεταιhe shall make atonementFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐξιλάσκομαιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middleἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement'; the atonement now embraces priest, house, and people together.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (beneficiary)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for / on behalf of.'
αὐτοῦhimselfGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'himself.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (beneficiary)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house / household.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (beneficiary)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationλαός: 'people.'
ὡςascomparative particle ('as / just as')→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'as / like'; introduces the comparison — the atonement for the people is made just as for the priests.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (comparison)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for'; ὡς περὶ τῶν ἱερέων = 'as for the priests.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέωνpriestsGenitivegenitive object of περί (comparison)→ relational specificationἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; the people are atoned for on the same footing as the priests.
25

καὶ τὸ στέαρ τὸ περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἀνοίσει ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον

And the fat that is for the sin offerings he shall offer up upon the altar.

Disposal of the sin-offering fat on the altarκαὶ τὸ στέαρ
A brief prescription: the fat (στέαρ) of the sin offerings is burned on the altar — the choicest portion offered to God, while the carcasses are removed and burned outside (v. 27). The fronted object τὸ στέαρ highlights the contrast between what ascends on the altar and what is taken outside the camp.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativefronted direct object of ἀνοίσει→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat / suet'; renders חֵלֶב; the fat is the LORD's portion, burned on the altar as a pleasing aroma (cf. Lev 3:16).
τὸthe (one)Accusativearticle (attributive, with περί-phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (sin-offering designation)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for'; περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν = 'of the sin offerings.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτιῶνsins / sin offeringsGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin offering'; here plural, the bull's and goat's sin offerings.
ἀνοίσειhe shall offer up / bring upFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναφέρωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future (the act of offering up)ἀναφέρω (fut. ἀνοίσει): 'bring up / offer up'; renders הִקְטִיר / הֶעֱלָה; the cultic verb for sending an offering up on the altar; the same verb describes Christ's self-offering and bearing of sins (Heb 7:27; 9:28; 1 Pet 2:24).
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (place)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (place).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; renders מִזְבֵּחַ; the place where the fat is consumed by fire.
26

καὶ ὁ ἐξαποστέλλων τὸν χίμαρον τὸν διεσταλμένον εἰς ἄφεσιν πλυνεῖ τὰ ἱμάτια καὶ λούσεται τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ ὕδατι καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα εἰσελεύσεται εἰς τὴν παρεμβολήν

And the one who sends away the goat that has been set apart for release shall wash his garments and bathe his body in water, and after these things he shall enter the camp.

Purity regulation for the man who dispatched the scapegoatκαὶ ὁ ἐξαποστέλλων
Contact with the sin-laden goat renders the dispatcher unclean: he must wash garments and body before re-entering the camp. The phrase τὸν διεσταλμένον εἰς ἄφεσιν ('set apart for release/dismissal') restates the scapegoat's function; ἄφεσις ('release / sending-away') is also the standard NT word for 'forgiveness' (Heb 9:22; 10:18, ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν) — a suggestive verbal bridge between the goat's release and the remission of sins.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁthe (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξαποστέλλωνthe one sending awayPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ἐξαποστέλλωsubstantival participle (subject of πλυνεῖ)→ imperfective present participle (the agent characterized by the action)ἐξαποστέλλω (pres. ptcp.): 'send away'; the articular participle ὁ ἐξαποστέλλων ('the one who sends away') designates the appointed man (the ἄνθρωπος ἕτοιμος of v. 21) by his function.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χίμαρονgoatAccusativedirect object of ἐξαποστέλλων→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat'; the scapegoat.
τὸνthe (one)Accusativearticle (attributive, with participle)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διεσταλμένονset apart / designatedPerf Pass Ptcp Acc Sg Masc · διαστέλλωattributive participle (modifying χίμαρον)→ resultative perfect participle (the goat in its settled designated state)διαστέλλω (perf. pass. ptcp.): 'separate / set apart / distinguish'; renders the sense of the goat being designated by lot; the perfect διεσταλμένον marks its abiding status as the one appointed for dismissal.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: 'for'; the purpose of the goat's setting-apart.
ἄφεσινrelease / dismissalAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose)→ object specificationἄφεσις: 'release / letting-go / dismissal'; here the goat's release into the wild; the same noun is the NT term for 'forgiveness / remission' (ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν, Heb 9:22; 10:18) — a resonance linking the scapegoat's release to the remission of sins it typifies.
πλυνεῖhe shall washFut Act Indic 3 Sg · πλύνωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive futureπλύνω: 'wash (clothes/objects)'; renders כִּבֵּס; distinct from λούω ('bathe the body'); used specifically of laundering garments.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱμάτιαgarmentsAccusativedirect object of πλυνεῖ→ object specificationἱμάτιον: 'garment'; renders בֶּגֶד; his clothes, defiled by handling the sin-bearing goat.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λούσεταιhe shall batheFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · λούωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middleλούω (mid.): 'bathe the whole body'; renders רָחַץ.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῶμαbodyAccusativedirect object of λούσεται→ object specificationσῶμα: 'body.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his.'
ὕδατιwith waterDativedative of instrument/means→ sphere or referenceὕδωρ: 'water'; instrumental dative.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + acc.: 'after'; μετὰ ταῦτα = 'after these things.'
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeaccusative object of μετά (temporal)→ object specificationοὗτος: 'these things'; the washings just prescribed; μετὰ ταῦτα is a standard temporal formula for sequence.
εἰσελεύσεταιhe shall enterFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive futureεἰσέρχομαι: 'enter'; renders בּוֹא; only after purification may he re-enter the camp.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολήνcampAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationπαρεμβολή: 'encampment / camp'; renders מַחֲנֶה; the Israelite camp; ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς ('outside the camp', v. 27) is the very phrase Heb 13:11–13 applies to Jesus suffering 'outside the gate.'
27

καὶ τὸν μόσχον τὸν περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας καὶ τὸν χίμαρον τὸν περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὧν τὸ αἷμα εἰσηνέχθη ἐξιλάσασθαι ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ ἐξοίσουσιν αὐτὰ ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς καὶ κατακαύσουσιν αὐτὰ ἐν πυρί καὶ τὰ δέρματα αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ κρέα αὐτῶν καὶ τὴν κόπρον αὐτῶν

And the bull of the sin offering and the goat of the sin offering, whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the holy place, they shall carry out outside the camp and burn with fire — their hides and their flesh and their dung.

Disposal of the sin-offering carcasses outside the campκαὶ τὸν μόσχον … ἐξοίσουσιν
The carcasses of the bull and goat whose blood was brought within the veil must be burned ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς ('outside the camp'). Hebrews 13:11–12 cites precisely this regulation — 'the bodies of those beasts whose blood is brought into the holy place by the high priest for sin are burned outside the camp; wherefore Jesus also … suffered outside the gate' — making this verse a direct typological anchor.
Word-by-word analysis· 44 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (fronted object)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχονbullAccusativefronted direct object of ἐξοίσουσιν→ object specificationμόσχος: 'young bull'; the priest's sin offering.
τὸνthe (one)Accusativearticle (attributive, with περί-phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (sin-offering designation)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for the sin offering.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin offering.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χίμαρονgoatAccusativefronted direct object (second)→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat'; the people's sin offering.
τὸνthe (one)Accusativearticle (attributive, with περί-phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (sin-offering designation)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for the sin offering.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin offering.'
ὧνof which / whoseGenitiverelative pronoun (genitive of possession: 'whose blood')→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun, genitive plural ('whose'), referring to the bull and goat together.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἷμαbloodNominativesubject of εἰσηνέχθη→ participant prominenceαἷμα: 'blood'; the blood carried within the veil (vv. 14–15).
εἰσηνέχθηwas brought inAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · εἰσφέρωverb of relative clause (passive)→ constative aorist passive (the completed bringing-in)εἰσφέρω (aor. pass. εἰσηνέχθη): 'be brought in'; renders הוּבָא; the passive marks the blood that was carried into the sanctuary — this is the exact criterion Heb 13:11 uses ('whose blood is brought into the holy place').
ἐξιλάσασθαιto make atonementAor Mid Inf · ἐξιλάσκομαιinfinitive of purpose→ telic aorist infinitive (purpose of the blood's entry)ἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement'; the purpose-infinitive states why the blood was brought in — to effect atonement in the holy place.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίῳholy placeDativesubstantivized adjective (dative of place)→ sphere or referenceἅγιος: substantivized τὸ ἅγιον, 'the holy place.'
ἐξοίσουσινthey shall carry outFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐκφέρωmain verb (prescriptive future, 3rd plural)→ prescriptive future (impersonal/communal 'they')ἐκφέρω (fut. ἐξοίσουσιν): 'carry out / bring out'; renders הוֹצִיא; the third-plural ('they shall carry out') is impersonal, of those assigned the task; the carcasses are removed from the camp.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object (the carcasses)→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'them', the bull and goat.
ἔξωoutsideadverb / improper preposition + genitive ('outside of')→ spatial or relational framingἔξω: 'outside / out'; with the genitive, 'outside of'; ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς ('outside the camp') — the locus Heb 13:11–13 applies to Christ's suffering 'outside the gate.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολῆςcampGenitivegenitive with ἔξω→ relational specificationπαρεμβολή: 'camp / encampment'; renders מַחֲנֶה.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατακαύσουσινthey shall burn upFut Act Indic 3 Pl · κατακαίωmain verb (prescriptive future, 3rd plural)→ prescriptive future (complete burning)κατακαίω: 'burn up / consume with fire'; renders שָׂרַף; the intensive κατα- marks total incineration of the carcasses outside the camp.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'them', the carcasses.
ἐνwith / inpreposition + dative (instrument/means)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: instrumental, 'with fire' (ἐν πυρί, a Hebraism for בָּאֵשׁ).
πυρίfireDativedative of instrument/means→ sphere or referenceπῦρ: 'fire'; the means of consuming the carcasses.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (specifying the parts burned)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέρματαhides / skinsAccusativeaccusative in apposition to αὐτά (parts burned)→ object specificationδέρμα: 'skin / hide'; renders עוֹר; the hides burned along with the rest — nothing is retained.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρέαflesh / meatAccusativeaccusative in apposition (parts burned)→ object specificationκρέας (pl. κρέα): 'flesh / meat'; renders בָּשָׂר; the flesh likewise consumed.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κόπρονdung / offalAccusativeaccusative in apposition (parts burned)→ object specificationκόπρος: 'dung / offal'; renders פֶּרֶשׁ; the entrails-content — the complete carcass, including the dung, is destroyed outside the camp.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their.'
28

ὁ δὲ κατακαίων αὐτὰ πλυνεῖ τὰ ἱμάτια καὶ λούσεται τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ ὕδατι καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα εἰσελεύσεται εἰς τὴν παρεμβολήν

And the one who burns them shall wash his garments and bathe his body in water, and after these things he shall enter the camp.

Purity regulation for the man who burned the carcassesὁ δὲ κατακαίων
Parallel to v. 26: the man who burns the carcasses outside the camp is likewise defiled and must wash before returning. The δέ gently distinguishes this agent from the scapegoat's dispatcher. The doubling of washing-regulations underscores how even the agents of atonement contract impurity from sin's removal — a reminder of the persistent uncleanness the Levitical system can manage but not finally abolish (cf. Heb 10:1–4).
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ὁthe (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲand / nowmild continuative/distinguishing particle (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: post-positive particle; here distinguishing this agent (the burner) from the scapegoat's dispatcher of v. 26.
κατακαίωνthe one burningPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · κατακαίωsubstantival participle (subject of πλυνεῖ)→ imperfective present participle (the agent by his action)κατακαίω (pres. ptcp.): 'burn up'; ὁ κατακαίων ('the one who burns') designates the man assigned to incinerate the carcasses.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object of κατακαίων→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'them', the carcasses.
πλυνεῖhe shall washFut Act Indic 3 Sg · πλύνωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive futureπλύνω: 'wash (clothes)'; renders כִּבֵּס.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱμάτιαgarmentsAccusativedirect object of πλυνεῖ→ object specificationἱμάτιον: 'garment'; renders בֶּגֶד.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λούσεταιhe shall batheFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · λούωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middleλούω (mid.): 'bathe the whole body'; renders רָחַץ.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῶμαbodyAccusativedirect object of λούσεται→ object specificationσῶμα: 'body.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his.'
ὕδατιwith waterDativedative of instrument/means→ sphere or referenceὕδωρ: 'water'; instrumental dative.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + acc.: 'after.'
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeaccusative object of μετά (temporal)→ object specificationοὗτος: 'these things'; the washings; μετὰ ταῦτα = 'afterward.'
εἰσελεύσεταιhe shall enterFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive futureεἰσέρχομαι: 'enter'; renders בּוֹא.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολήνcampAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationπαρεμβολή: 'camp'; renders מַחֲנֶה.
29

καὶ ἔσται τοῦτο ὑμῖν νόμιμον αἰώνιον ἐν τῷ μηνὶ τῷ ἑβδόμῳ δεκάτῃ τοῦ μηνὸς ταπεινώσατε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν καὶ πᾶν ἔργον οὐ ποιήσετε ὁ αὐτόχθων καὶ ὁ προσήλυτος ὁ προσκείμενος ἐν ὑμῖν

And this shall be for you an everlasting statute: in the seventh month, on the tenth of the month, you shall afflict your souls and do no work whatever — the native and the proselyte who sojourns among you.

Transition to the perpetual statute: the annual day, fasting, and restκαὶ ἔσται τοῦτο ὑμῖν νόμιμον αἰώνιον
The legislation shifts from the one-time ritual narrative (third-person future) to a standing, second-person plural ordinance for all generations (νόμιμον αἰώνιον, 'everlasting statute'). It fixes the date — the tenth of the seventh month — and the people's twofold obligation: ταπεινώσατε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν ('afflict your souls', i.e. fast and humble themselves) and total cessation of work. The inclusion of both αὐτόχθων ('native') and προσήλυτος ('proselyte/sojourner') universalizes the observance across the whole community.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (prescriptive future, copula)→ prescriptive future (instituting a perpetual statute)εἰμί: 'be'; the future copula establishes the ordinance as binding.
τοῦτοthisNominativesubject (demonstrative)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; refers to the whole rite just prescribed, now made a perpetual statute.
ὑμῖνfor youDativedative of advantage (2nd person plural)→ participant reference or interestσύ (pl. ὑμῖν): 'for you'; the shift to second-person plural addresses the whole community across generations.
νόμιμονstatute / ordinanceNominativepredicate nominative (with ἔσται)→ participant prominenceνόμιμον: 'statute / legal ordinance / custom'; renders חֻקָּה; a permanently binding law.
αἰώνιονeverlasting / perpetualNominativeattributive adjective (modifying νόμιμον)→ participant prominenceαἰώνιος: 'everlasting / perpetual'; renders עוֹלָם; νόμιμον αἰώνιον ('everlasting statute') marks the rite as a permanent institution — the very perpetuity Hebrews 10 contrasts with the finality of Christ's once-for-all offering.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὶmonthDativedative of time (locative-temporal)→ sphere or referenceμήν: 'month'; renders חֹדֶשׁ; the seventh month (Tishri).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑβδόμῳseventhDativeattributive ordinal (modifying μηνί)→ sphere or referenceἕβδομος: 'seventh'; renders שְׁבִיעִי; the seventh month, in which the Day of Atonement falls.
δεκάτῃtenthDativedative of time (the tenth day)→ sphere or referenceδέκατος: 'tenth'; renders עָשׂוֹר; δεκάτῃ τοῦ μηνός ('on the tenth of the month') fixes the date of Yom Kippur.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὸςof the monthGenitivepartitive genitive ('the tenth of the month')→ relational specificationμήν: 'month'; the genitive specifies the day within the month.
ταπεινώσατεafflict / humbleAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ταπεινόωmain verb (aorist imperative, 2nd plural)→ ingressive aorist imperative (decisive self-affliction)ταπεινόω: 'humble / afflict / abase'; renders עִנָּה; ταπεινώσατε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν ('afflict your souls') is the technical idiom for the fasting and self-humbling of the Day of Atonement (cf. v. 31; Ps 35:13; Isa 58:3, 5).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὰςsouls / selvesAccusativedirect object of ταπεινώσατε→ object specificationψυχή: 'soul / life / self'; renders נֶפֶשׁ; 'your souls' = your very selves; the whole person is humbled through fasting and penitence.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (2nd person plural)→ relational specificationσύ: 'your.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνany / allAccusativeattributive adjective (with ἔργον; πᾶν … οὐ = 'no')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / any'; πᾶν … οὐ ('not any') is a Hebraistic total negation (כָּל … לֹא), 'no work at all.'
ἔργονworkAccusativedirect object of ποιήσετε→ object specificationἔργον: 'work / labor / deed'; renders מְלָאכָה; all labor is forbidden, making the day a complete rest.
οὐnotnegative particle (with ποιήσετε)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: with πᾶν, total prohibition.
ποιήσετεyou shall doFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (prescriptive future, 2nd plural)→ prescriptive future (legal prohibition)ποιέω: 'do / make'; the future with οὐ functions as a prohibition ('you shall not do'), in the manner of the Decalogue's apodictic law.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with αὐτόχθων)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτόχθωνnative / native-bornNominativenominative in apposition (the subject specified)→ participant prominenceαὐτόχθων: 'native / indigenous / native-born'; renders אֶזְרָח; the native Israelite — bound by the statute alongside the resident foreigner.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσήλυτοςproselyte / sojournerNominativenominative in apposition (the subject specified)→ participant prominenceπροσήλυτος: 'newcomer / sojourner / proselyte'; renders גֵּר; the resident alien who has joined Israel — likewise obligated, underscoring the inclusiveness of the atonement-community.
ὁthe (one)Nominativearticle (attributive, with participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσκείμενοςwho joins / sojournsPres Mid Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · πρόσκειμαιattributive participle (modifying προσήλυτος)→ imperfective present participle (the abiding condition of sojourning)πρόσκειμαι (pres. ptcp.): 'be attached to / adhere to / sojourn among'; the participle ὁ προσκείμενος ἐν ὑμῖν ('who dwells/joins among you') specifies the proselyte as one settled within the community.
ἐνamongpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
ὑμῖνyouDativedative object of ἐν ('among you')→ participant reference or interestσύ: 'you' (pl.); the proselyte dwells 'among you', the people of Israel.
30

ἐν γὰρ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ταύτῃ ἐξιλάσεται περὶ ὑμῶν καθαρίσαι ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ πασῶν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ὑμῶν ἔναντι κυρίου καὶ καθαρισθήσεσθε

For on this day he shall make atonement for you, to cleanse you from all your sins before the LORD; and you shall be cleansed.

Theological ground (γάρ) of the statute: the cleansing accomplishedἐν γὰρ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ταύτῃ
The γάρ-clause gives the reason for the day's solemnity: on it atonement is made to cleanse the people from all their sins. The cluster ἐξιλάσεται … καθαρίσαι … καθαρισθήσεσθε ('atone … to cleanse … and you shall be cleansed') binds atonement and purification together; the closing future passive καθαρισθήσεσθε ('you shall be cleansed') is the promised effect — the very purity-language Hebrews 9:14; 10:2, 22 takes up to argue that Christ's blood achieves definitively what the annual rite could only repeat.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἐνin / onpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
γὰρforcausal particle (post-positive; grounds the statute)→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: 'for'; introduces the theological reason the day is set apart.
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time (on this day)→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; renders יוֹם; ἡ ἡμέρα αὕτη ('this day') is the Day of Atonement par excellence.
ταύτῃthisDativedemonstrative (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ participant reference or interestοὗτος: 'this'; the tenth of the seventh month just specified.
ἐξιλάσεταιhe shall make atonementFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐξιλάσκομαιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middleἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement'; renders כִּפֶּר; the subject is the high priest, atoning 'for you' (the people).
περὶforpreposition + genitive (beneficiary)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for / on behalf of.'
ὑμῶνyouGenitivegenitive object of περί (2nd person plural)→ relational specificationσύ: 'you'; the people, beneficiaries of the atonement.
καθαρίσαιto cleanseAor Act Inf · καθαρίζωinfinitive of purpose/result→ telic aorist infinitive (purpose: to cleanse)καθαρίζω: 'cleanse / purify'; renders טִהֵר; the purpose-infinitive — the atonement aims at the people's cleansing; central to Hebrews' purity-theology (Heb 9:14; 10:2).
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object of καθαρίσαι→ participant referenceσύ: 'you' (pl.), the object of cleansing.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό + gen.: 'from'; the sins from which they are cleansed.
πασῶνallGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying ἁμαρτιῶν)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the comprehensiveness of the cleansing — from all sins (cf. v. 16).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτιῶνsinsGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin'; renders חַטָּאת.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your.'
ἔναντιbeforeimproper preposition + genitive (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before / in the presence of'; renders לִפְנֵי; the cleansing is effected 'before the LORD' — in his sight and by his acceptance.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of יהוה.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (result)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθαρισθήσεσθεyou shall be cleansedFut Pass Indic 2 Pl · καθαρίζωmain verb (prescriptive/result future passive, 2nd plural)→ predictive future passive (the promised effect of the rite)καθαρίζω (fut. pass. καθαρισθήσεσθε): 'be cleansed / purified'; the divine passive promises the result — 'you shall be cleansed'; this assurance of purification from all sins is the climactic promise the rite secures, and the standard against which Heb 10:1–4 measures the Levitical system ('the blood of bulls and goats cannot take away sins').
31

σάββατα σαββάτων ἀνάπαυσις αὕτη ἔσται ὑμῖν καὶ ταπεινώσετε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν νόμιμον αἰώνιον

A sabbath of sabbaths, a rest, shall this be for you, and you shall afflict your souls — an everlasting statute.

Restatement: the supreme sabbath-rest and the perpetual obligationσάββατα σαββάτων
The superlative Hebraism σάββατα σαββάτων ('a sabbath of sabbaths', rendering שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן) marks this as the most solemn rest of the calendar — even surpassing the weekly sabbath. The fronted construction and the repeated ταπεινώσετε … νόμιμον αἰώνιον bind together rest, self-affliction, and perpetuity, sealing the day's character.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
σάββαταsabbath / restNominativepredicate nominative (with ἔσται)→ participant prominenceσάββατον (pl. σάββατα): 'sabbath / rest'; renders שַׁבָּת; the plural form is often used for a single sabbath in the LXX (a transliteration-influenced usage).
σαββάτωνof sabbathsGenitivegenitive of quality (Hebraic superlative: 'a sabbath of sabbaths')→ relational specificationσάββατον: σάββατα σαββάτων ('sabbath of sabbaths') is a superlative Hebraism rendering שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן — the absolute, most complete rest; the same construction names the supreme holiness elsewhere (e.g. ἅγια ἁγίων, 'holy of holies').
ἀνάπαυσιςrest / cessationNominativepredicate nominative (apposition to σάββατα)→ participant prominenceἀνάπαυσις: 'rest / repose / cessation'; renders שַׁבָּתוֹן; glosses the sabbath as complete cessation from labor; the noun resonates with Hebrews' theme of the divine κατάπαυσις / σαββατισμός ('rest', Heb 4:1–11).
αὕτηthisNominativesubject (demonstrative)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; the day, named as the supreme rest.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (prescriptive future, copula)→ prescriptive futureεἰμί: 'be'; establishes the day's character as binding.
ὑμῖνfor youDativedative of advantage (2nd person plural)→ participant reference or interestσύ: 'for you'; the community.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταπεινώσετεyou shall afflictFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ταπεινόωmain verb (prescriptive future, 2nd plural)→ prescriptive future (binding self-affliction)ταπεινόω: 'humble / afflict'; renders עִנָּה; the future ('you shall afflict your souls') restates the fasting-obligation of v. 29 as perpetually binding.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὰςsouls / selvesAccusativedirect object of ταπεινώσετε→ object specificationψυχή: 'soul / self / life'; renders נֶפֶשׁ.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσύ: 'your.'
νόμιμονstatuteNominativepredicate nominative / appositional summary→ participant prominenceνόμιμον: 'statute / ordinance'; renders חֻקָּה; the summary tag 'an everlasting statute' closes the unit.
αἰώνιονeverlastingNominativeattributive adjective (modifying νόμιμον)→ participant prominenceαἰώνιος: 'everlasting / perpetual'; renders עוֹלָם; νόμιμον αἰώνιον, the recurring formula sealing the day's perpetuity (cf. vv. 29, 34).
32

ἐξιλάσεται ὁ ἱερεύς ὃν ἂν χρίσωσιν αὐτὸν καὶ ὃν ἂν τελειώσουσιν τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ ἱερατεύειν μετὰ τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐνδύσεται τὴν στολὴν τὴν λινῆν στολὴν ἁγίαν

The priest whom they anoint and whose hands they consecrate to serve as priest after his father shall make atonement, and he shall put on the linen vestment, a holy vestment.

Provision for the succession of the atoning priestἐξιλάσεται ὁ ἱερεύς
The statute provides for perpetual succession: the duly anointed and consecrated high priest, in each generation 'after his father,' performs the rite in the linen vestments. The phrase τελειώσουσιν τὰς χεῖρας ('they shall fill/perfect his hands') is the LXX idiom for priestly ordination (rendering מִלֵּא יָד, 'fill the hand'); its verb τελειόω ('perfect / consecrate') is the very term Hebrews exploits — the Levitical priests are 'perfected' by ordination, but only Christ is τετελειωμένος as the perfect, eternal high priest (Heb 7:28).
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ἐξιλάσεταιshall make atonementFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐξιλάσκομαιmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middleἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement'; renders כִּפֶּר; the subject is the duly consecrated successor-priest.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεύςpriestNominativesubject of ἐξιλάσεται→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; the high priest in office.
ὃνwhomAccusativerelative pronoun (object of χρίσωσιν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun, masculine accusative; introduces the qualification of the legitimate priest.
ἂν(particle)modal particle (with subjunctive: indefiniteness)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: contingency particle with the subjunctive — 'whomever they anoint.'
χρίσωσινthey anointAor Act Subj 3 Pl · χρίωverb of relative clause (subjunctive with ἄν)→ aorist subjunctive (indefinite: 'whomever they may anoint')χρίω: 'anoint'; renders מָשַׁח; the verb from which χριστός ('anointed one / Messiah') derives — priestly anointing with oil consecrates the high priest; the indefinite plural is impersonal ('whom they anoint').
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeresumptive pronoun (pleonastic with ὃν, Hebraism)→ participant referenceαὐτός: pleonastic resumptive pronoun ('whom they anoint him') calquing the Hebrew relative with retained pronoun.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὃνwhomAccusativerelative pronoun (object of τελειώσουσιν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun, accusative; second qualification.
ἂν(particle)modal particle (with subjunctive/future: indefiniteness)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: contingency particle.
τελειώσουσινthey consecrate / fillFut Act Indic 3 Pl · τελειόωverb of relative clause (with ἄν: indefinite)→ future with ἄν (indefinite: 'whomever they consecrate')τελειόω: 'complete / perfect / consecrate'; τελειῶσαι τὰς χεῖρας ('fill/perfect the hands') renders מִלֵּא יָד, the technical idiom for priestly ordination (cf. Exod 29:9); the verb τελειόω is pivotal in Hebrews, which contrasts the 'perfecting' of Levitical priests by ordination with the eternal perfection of Christ (Heb 7:28; 9:9; 10:1, 14).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativedirect object of τελειώσουσιν (idiom: 'fill the hands')→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; τελειῶσαι τὰς χεῖρας = 'ordain', lit. 'fill the hands' (with the offerings of installation).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his.'
ἱερατεύεινto serve as priestPres Act Inf · ἱερατεύωinfinitive of purpose (with τελειώσουσιν: 'consecrate to serve')→ imperfective present infinitive (ongoing priestly service)ἱερατεύω: 'serve as priest / perform priestly duties'; renders כִּהֵן; the purpose of the ordination — to exercise the priestly office.
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (succession)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + acc.: 'after'; of succession — the son succeeds the father in office.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέραfatherAccusativeaccusative object of μετά→ object specificationπατήρ: 'father'; renders אָב; the priesthood passes by hereditary succession 'after his father' — the dynastic continuity Hebrews 7:23–24 contrasts with Christ's permanent, untransferable priesthood.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνδύσεταιhe shall put onFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐνδύωmain verb (prescriptive future)→ prescriptive future middleἐνδύω (mid.): 'put on / clothe oneself'; the successor likewise dons the linen vestments for the rite (cf. v. 4).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὴνvestment / robeAccusativedirect object of ἐνδύσεται→ object specificationστολή: 'robe / vestment.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (attributive)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λινῆνlinenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying στολήν)→ object specificationλινοῦς: 'of linen'; the white vestment of the Day of Atonement.
στολὴνvestmentAccusativeaccusative in apposition (restating στολήν)→ object specificationστολή: 'robe / vestment'; the appositional repetition emphasizes its sacred character.
ἁγίανholyAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying στολήν)→ object specificationἅγιος: 'holy'; renders קֹדֶשׁ; στολὴ ἁγία ('a holy vestment') — consecrated for the sacred service (cf. ἱμάτια ἅγια, v. 4).
33

καὶ ἐξιλάσεται τὸ ἅγιον τοῦ ἁγίου καὶ τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον ἐξιλάσεται καὶ περὶ τῶν ἱερέων καὶ περὶ πάσης συναγωγῆς ἐξιλάσεται

And he shall make atonement for the holy of holies and for the tent of testimony and for the altar he shall make atonement, and for the priests and for the whole congregation he shall make atonement.

Summary recapitulation of the total scope of the atonementκαὶ ἐξιλάσεται τὸ ἅγιον τοῦ ἁγίου
A summarizing recapitulation, structured by the threefold repetition of ἐξιλάσεται ('he shall make atonement'). The objects ascend in a comprehensive sweep: the most holy place (τὸ ἅγιον τοῦ ἁγίου), the tent, the altar, then the priests and the whole congregation. The phrase τὸ ἅγιον τοῦ ἁγίου ('the holy of the holy') is the LXX's rendering of קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים — 'the Holy of Holies', τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων of Heb 9:3.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξιλάσεταιhe shall make atonementFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐξιλάσκομαιmain verb (prescriptive future; first of three)→ prescriptive future middleἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement'; the threefold repetition in this verse rhetorically gathers up the whole rite.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιονholy placeAccusativedirect object of ἐξιλάσεται→ object specificationἅγιος: substantivized τὸ ἅγιον; with the following genitive, 'the holy of the holy.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίουholy placeGenitivegenitive (Hebraic superlative: 'holy of holies')→ relational specificationἅγιος: τὸ ἅγιον τοῦ ἁγίου ('the holy of the holy') renders קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים, the Holy of Holies — the innermost sanctum (= τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων, Heb 9:3).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtentAccusativedirect object of ἐξιλάσεται→ object specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; renders אֹהֶל.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουtestimonyGenitivegenitive of content→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativedirect object (fronted before the verb)→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; renders מִזְבֵּחַ.
ἐξιλάσεταιhe shall make atonementFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐξιλάσκομαιmain verb (prescriptive future; second of three)→ prescriptive future middleἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement'; second occurrence, governing the altar.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (beneficiary)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for / on behalf of.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέωνpriestsGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (beneficiary)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for.'
πάσηςall / the wholeGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying συναγωγῆς)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all / whole'; the entire congregation.
συναγωγῆςcongregationGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationσυναγωγή: 'congregation / assembly'; renders קָהָל / עֵדָה; the whole people gathered into the atonement.
ἐξιλάσεταιhe shall make atonementFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐξιλάσκομαιmain verb (prescriptive future; third of three)→ prescriptive future middleἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement'; the third and culminating occurrence, embracing priests and whole congregation — the total reach of the day's atonement.
34

καὶ ἔσται τοῦτο ὑμῖν νόμιμον αἰώνιον ἐξιλάσκεσθαι περὶ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ ἀπὸ πασῶν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν ἅπαξ τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ποιηθήσεται καθάπερ συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ

And this shall be for you an everlasting statute, to make atonement for the sons of Israel from all their sins once a year; it shall be done just as the LORD commanded Moses.

Concluding statute and compliance formula sealing the chapterκαὶ ἔσται τοῦτο ὑμῖν νόμιμον αἰώνιον
The chapter closes by sealing the rite as νόμιμον αἰώνιον, defining its purpose (ἐξιλάσκεσθαι … ἀπὸ πασῶν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν) and its decisive temporal limit: ἅπαξ τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ('once a year'). This phrase is the linchpin of Hebrews 9:7 ('once a year, not without blood') and the foil for Hebrews' ἐφάπαξ ('once for all', Heb 9:12, 26; 10:10): the annual repetition of Leviticus 16 is precisely what the single, unrepeatable self-offering of Christ fulfills and supersedes. The closing compliance-formula καθάπερ συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ ('as the LORD commanded Moses') marks the legislation as faithfully transmitted divine instruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (prescriptive future, copula)→ prescriptive future (instituting the perpetual statute)εἰμί: 'be'; establishes the concluding ordinance.
τοῦτοthisNominativesubject (demonstrative)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; the whole rite, now sealed as perpetual law.
ὑμῖνfor youDativedative of advantage (2nd person plural)→ participant reference or interestσύ: 'for you'; the community.
νόμιμονstatuteNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceνόμιμον: 'statute / ordinance'; renders חֻקָּה.
αἰώνιονeverlastingNominativeattributive adjective (modifying νόμιμον)→ participant prominenceαἰώνιος: 'everlasting / perpetual'; renders עוֹלָם; the recurring formula νόμιμον αἰώνιον (cf. vv. 29, 31).
ἐξιλάσκεσθαιto make atonementPres Mid Inf · ἐξιλάσκομαιepexegetical infinitive (defining the statute's content)→ imperfective present infinitive (the recurring act of atoning)ἐξιλάσκομαι (pres. inf.): 'make atonement'; the present infinitive — defining the ongoing, repeated function of the statute; the imperfective aspect itself underscores the rite's recurring (vs. once-for-all) character that Hebrews 10:1–2 highlights.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (beneficiary)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for / on behalf of.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of relationship ('for the sons of Israel')→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; the people of Israel, beneficiaries of the annual atonement.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; genitive.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό + gen.: 'from'; the sins atoned for.
πασῶνallGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying ἁμαρτιῶν)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the comprehensive scope — all their sins (cf. vv. 16, 30).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτιῶνsinsGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin'; renders חַטָּאת.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their.'
ἅπαξoncenumeral adverb (frequency)→ clausal contributionἅπαξ: 'once'; renders אַחַת; ἅπαξ τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ('once a year') is the temporal crux of the whole chapter — Hebrews 9:7 cites it verbatim and opposes it to Christ's ἐφάπαξ ('once for all', Heb 7:27; 9:12, 26; 10:10), the single offering that needs no repetition.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνιαυτοῦyearGenitivegenitive of time within which ('once a year')→ relational specificationἐνιαυτός: 'year'; renders שָׁנָה; the genitive of time — 'once within the year'; the annual recurrence Hebrews contrasts with the finality of the cross.
ποιηθήσεταιit shall be doneFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (prescriptive future passive)→ prescriptive future passive (the rite to be carried out)ποιέω (fut. pass. ποιηθήσεται): 'be done / performed'; renders יֵעָשֶׂה; the divine-passive future commands the perpetual performance of the rite.
καθάπερjust ascomparative conjunction (compliance formula)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθάπερ: 'just as / exactly as'; renders כַּאֲשֶׁר; introduces the formula of conformity to the divine command.
συνέταξενcommanded / ordainedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of comparative clause→ constative aorist (the completed divine command)συντάσσω: 'arrange / command / appoint'; renders צִוָּה; the aorist refers to the divine instruction given to Moses — the standard LXX compliance-formula sealing legislation as faithfully transmitted.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the divine author of the command, framing the whole chapter (cf. v. 1) as YHWH's own instruction.
τῷthe / toDativearticle (dative of recipient)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Μωυσῇto MosesDativedative indirect object (recipient of the command)→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς: transliteration of מֹשֶׁה; dative Μωυσῇ ('to Moses'); the rite closes as it opened — divine word mediated through Moses, the mediator of the first covenant (cf. Heb 3:2–5; 9:19).