Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Leviticus, Chapter 20ΛΕΥΙΤΙΚΟΝ Κ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Leviticus 20 is the penal counterpart to the prohibitions of chapter 18 within the so-called Holiness Code (Lev 17–26): where ch. 18 catalogues the forbidden acts, ch.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Leviticus 20 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. Leviticus 20 is the penal counterpart to the prohibitions of chapter 18 within the so-called Holiness Code (Lev 17–26): where ch. 18 catalogues the forbidden acts, ch. 20 attaches the sanctions. Several renderings are distinctive of the LXX. Most strikingly, the Hebrew מֹלֶךְ (Molech) is rendered not by a transliteration (as at 18:21, Μολοχ) but by the common noun ἄρχων ('ruler'); thus the LXX of 20:2–5 speaks of one who gives of his seed ἄρχοντι ('to a ruler'), reading the cult of Molech as devotion offered to a (false) sovereign power. The death-sentence formulae are heavily Hebraistic: θανάτῳ θανατούσθω / θανατούσθωσαν ('let him/them be put to death by death', vv. 2, 9–13, 15–16, 27) calques the emphatic infinitive absolute מוֹת יוּמַת; the recurring ἔνοχοί εἰσιν ('they are liable / guilty', lit. 'their blood is upon them') renders דְּמֵיהֶם בָּם. The divine penalty ἐπιστήσω τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐπί ('I will set my face against', vv. 3, 5, 6) renders נָתַתִּי אֶת־פָּנַי בְּ, and ἀπολῶ αὐτὸν ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ ('I will destroy him from his people') renders the karet (cutting-off) formula. The holiness rationale punctuates the chapter at two hinges: vv. 7–8 (ἔσεσθε ἅγιοι … ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ ἁγιάζων ὑμᾶς, 'be holy … I am the LORD who sanctifies you') and the climactic vv. 22–26, where Israel's election is grounded in YHWH's act of separation — ἀφορίζω ('set apart') is used both of Israel from the nations (vv. 24, 26, διώρισα / ἀφορίσας) and of the clean from the unclean animals (vv. 25, ἀφοριεῖτε), binding the two senses of holiness (cultic and ethnic) into one vocabulary. The closing self-predication ἔσεσθέ μοι ἅγιοι ὅτι ἐγὼ ἅγιος κύριος … ὁ ἀφορίσας ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν εἶναι ἐμοί (v. 26) is the dogmatic crux of the chapter and a fountainhead for the NT 'holy nation / peculiar people' theology (1 Pet 2:9; Titus 2:14). The chapter frames its sexual-offense catalogue (vv. 10–21) with two oracles against necromancy (vv. 6, 27: ἐγγαστρίμυθοι, lit. 'belly-talkers' = mediums; ἐπαοιδοί = enchanters), and includes the death-penalty for cursing father or mother (v. 9, κακῶς εἴπῃ τὸν πατέρα), a text cited by Jesus at Matt 15:4 / Mark 7:10.

1

καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων

And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:

New divine speech-unit (main narrative; standard Levitical commissioning formula)καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος
The formula καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων is the recurrent LXX heading for divine speech in Leviticus (cf. 4:1; 6:1; 18:1; 19:1), rendering וַיְדַבֵּר יהוה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר. It marks ch. 20 as a fresh oracle, the penal companion to the prohibitions of ch. 18.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing waw-consecutive parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aorist (single completed speech-act)λαλέω: 'speak'; renders דִּבֶּר (Piel of דבר); the aorist ἐλάλησεν introduces direct divine speech; the full formula recurs at the head of nearly every legal unit in Leviticus.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the unarticulated nominative marks this as unmediated YHWH-speech to Moses.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (recipient of speech)→ object specificationΜωυσῆς: transliteration of Hebrew מֹשֶׁה; declined as a second-declension noun in Rahlfs' LXX (gen. Μωυσῆ, acc. Μωυσῆν); accusative here as the directional object of πρός.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · λέγωcircumstantial participle (Hebraistic לֵאמֹר marking direct discourse)→ participle of attendant circumstance (speech-onset marker)λέγω (pres. ptcp.): the participle λέγων renders the Hebrew infinitive לֵאמֹר ('saying'), a formulaic quotation-marker introducing the words that follow; it agrees with κύριος.
2

καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ λαλήσεις ἐάν τις ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ ἢ ἀπὸ τῶν προσγεγενημένων προσηλύτων ἐν Ισραηλ ὃς ἂν δῷ τοῦ σπέρματος αὐτοῦ ἄρχοντι θανάτῳ θανατούσθω τὸ ἔθνος τὸ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς λιθοβολήσουσιν αὐτὸν ἐν λίθοις

And to the sons of Israel you shall speak: If anyone from the sons of Israel, or from the proselytes that have become resident in Israel, who gives of his seed to a ruler, let him be put to death by death; the nation that is upon the land shall stone him with stones.

Divine command relayed to Israel (protasis-apodosis casuistic law)καὶ … λαλήσεις
The verse states the first capital sanction: the Molech-giver. The casuistic ἐάν τις … ὃς ἂν δῷ frames the offense; the apodosis is double — θανάτῳ θανατούσθω (the verdict, Hebraistic infinitive-absolute calque) and λιθοβολήσουσιν αὐτὸν ἐν λίθοις (the mode of execution, communal stoning). The LXX's ἄρχοντι ('to a ruler') renders מֹלֶךְ, reading the Molech-cult as homage to a usurping sovereign.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative indirect object of λαλήσεις (the addressees)→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ renders בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, the standard designation of the covenant people; the dative marks them as the recipients of the relayed command.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun: 'of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; here the people/nation descended from Jacob.
λαλήσειςyou shall speakFut Act Indic 2 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (future with imperatival force, addressed to Moses)→ imperatival future (legislative command)λαλέω: the second-person future λαλήσεις functions as a command ('you shall speak/say'), a common LXX rendering of the Hebrew imperfect used for legal injunction; Moses is to transmit the following law to Israel.
ἐάνifconditional conjunction (introducing casuistic protasis)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; with the subjunctive introduces the casuistic legal case ('if anyone …'), rendering Hebrew אִישׁ אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר / כִּי.
τιςanyoneNominativesubject (indefinite pronoun)→ participant referenceτις: indefinite pronoun 'anyone, someone'; the impersonal legal subject covering every potential offender.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (partitive: 'from among')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive: 'from among').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivepartitive genitive ('from among the sons of Israel')→ relational specificationυἱός: here the native-born Israelites, contrasted with the resident proselytes that follow.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
ordisjunctive conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (partitive, parallel)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive, parallel).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσγεγενημένωνhaving become residentPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Gen Masc Pl · προσγίνομαιattributive participle (modifying προσηλύτων)→ perfect participle (settled, abiding status of having joined Israel)προσγίνομαι: 'attach oneself to, come to be added'; the perfect participle denotes proselytes whose incorporation into Israel is an accomplished and standing fact; renders the sojourner (גֵּר) who has settled among the people. The law binds resident aliens equally with the native-born.
προσηλύτωνproselytesGenitivepartitive genitive (second class of offender: resident aliens)→ relational specificationπροσήλυτος: 'one who has come to (a place/people), proselyte, resident alien'; the standard LXX rendering of גֵּר; a Greek coinage (πρός + ἔρχομαι) that becomes the technical term for a Gentile incorporated into Israel; here the Molech-law applies to the גֵּר as well as the native.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΙσραηλIsraeldative of place (indeclinable: 'in Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative of place (indeclinable: 'in Israel').
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (resuming τις; subject of δῷ)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; ὃς ἂν + subjunctive ('whoever') resumes the indefinite τις and specifies the actionable offense, a Hebraistic doubling of the indefinite subject.
ἂνevermodal particle (with subjunctive in indefinite relative clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: modal particle generalizing the relative ('whoever, in any case that').
δῷgivesAor Act Subj 3 Sg · δίδωμιverb of indefinite relative clause (the offense)→ aorist subjunctive (the actionable act, viewed as a single deed)δίδωμι: 'give'; renders נָתַן; here the technical act of 'giving of one's seed' to Molech — i.e., dedicating/sacrificing offspring to the deity. The partitive genitive object (τοῦ σπέρματος, 'of his seed') is itself a Hebraism (מִזַּרְעוֹ).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (partitive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπέρματοςseed / offspringGenitivepartitive genitive object of δῷ ('gives of his seed')→ relational specificationσπέρμα: 'seed, offspring, progeny'; renders זֶרַע; here euphemistic for one's children, given/devoted to the ruler-deity; the partitive genitive ('of his seed') marks the giving of some of one's offspring.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying σπέρματος)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying σπέρματος).
ἄρχοντιto a rulerDativedative indirect object of δῷ (recipient of the seed)→ sphere or referenceἄρχων: 'ruler, chief, sovereign'; here the LXX's rendering of מֹלֶךְ (Molech), the deity to whom child-sacrifice was offered. Whereas 18:21 transliterates Μολοχ, ch. 20 reads the consonants of מלך as the noun מֶלֶךְ ('king/ruler') and renders ἄρχων, interpreting the cult as illicit homage to a rival sovereign power. The dative marks the recipient of the dedicated offspring.
θανάτῳby deathDativecognate dative (intensifying θανατούσθω; Hebraism)→ sphere or referenceθάνατος: 'death'; the cognate dative θανάτῳ with θανατούσθω calques the Hebrew emphatic infinitive absolute מוֹת יוּמַת ('he shall surely be put to death'), expressing the certainty and gravity of the capital sentence; the recurrent death-formula of the chapter.
θανατούσθωlet him be put to deathPres Pass Impv 3 Sg · θανατόωmain verb of apodosis (legal verdict)→ imperatival present passive (standing judicial sentence)θανατόω: 'put to death, execute'; renders the Hophal יוּמַת; the third-person passive imperative pronounces the legal verdict impersonally — the community is the implied agent, as the following clause makes explicit.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνοςnationNominativesubject of λιθοβολήσουσιν (the community as executioner)→ participant prominenceἔθνος: 'nation, people'; renders עַם הָאָרֶץ ('the people of the land'); here the assembled community of Israel acting as the corporate executor of the death-sentence; the singular collective takes a plural verb (constructio ad sensum).
τὸtheNominativearticle (with attributive prepositional phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (locative: 'in/upon the land')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (locative: 'in/upon the land').
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the populace of the land)→ relational specificationγῆ: 'earth, land'; τὸ ἔθνος τὸ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς renders עַם הָאָרֶץ; the phrase designates the local community whose duty it is to carry out the execution.
λιθοβολήσουσινthey shall stoneFut Act Indic 3 Pl · λιθοβολέωmain verb (mode of execution; future of legal injunction)→ imperatival future (prescribed communal execution)λιθοβολέω: 'pelt with stones, stone (to death)'; renders רָגַם / סָקַל; specifies the manner of the death-penalty — communal stoning, the standard mode for grave covenantal offenses (cf. v. 27; Deut 13:10); the plural underscores corporate responsibility.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of λιθοβολήσουσιν→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of λιθοβολήσουσιν.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrumental, Hebraistic ἐν)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dative: instrumental 'with', here Hebraistic (rendering בְּ); ἐν λίθοις ('with stones') is a redundant cognate expression reinforcing the verb λιθοβολήσουσιν.
λίθοιςstonesDativedative of instrument ('with stones')→ sphere or referenceλίθος: 'stone'; renders אֶבֶן; the instrumental phrase ἐν λίθοις makes the cognate-figura etymologica with λιθοβολήσουσιν explicit and emphatic.
3

καὶ ἐγὼ ἐπιστήσω τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐπὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐκεῖνον καὶ ἀπολῶ αὐτὸν ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ ὅτι τοῦ σπέρματος αὐτοῦ ἔδωκεν ἄρχοντι ἵνα μιάνῃ τὰ ἅγιά μου καὶ βεβηλώσῃ τὸ ὄνομα τῶν ἡγιασμένων μοι

And I myself will set my face against that man, and I will destroy him from his people, because he has given of his seed to a ruler, so as to defile my holy things and to profane the name of the things consecrated to me.

Divine first-person sanction (escalation beyond the communal penalty of v.2)καὶ ἐγὼ ἐπιστήσω
Beyond the communal stoning of v.2, YHWH announces his own direct action: the idiom ἐπιστήσω τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐπί ('I will set my face against') renders נָתַתִּי אֶת־פָּנַי בְּ, and ἀπολῶ αὐτὸν ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ ('I will destroy him from his people') renders the karet ('cutting-off') formula. The ὅτι-clause supplies the rationale and the ἵνα-clause the aggravating consequence: defilement of the sanctuary and profanation of the holy Name.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic first-person pronoun)→ participant referenceἐγώ: the emphatic personal pronoun stresses YHWH's direct personal agency — even should the community fail (v.4), YHWH himself will act against the offender.
ἐπιστήσωI will setFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ἐφίστημιmain verb (divine first-person sanction)→ predictive future (certain divine judicial act)ἐφίστημι: 'set/place upon, set against'; the idiom ἐπιστήσω τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐπί renders נָתַן פָּנִים בְּ ('to set the face against'), a formula of hostile divine attention/judgment (cf. vv.5, 6; Lev 17:10; Ezek 14:8).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπόνfaceAccusativedirect object of ἐπιστήσω→ object specificationπρόσωπον: 'face, presence'; renders פָּנִים; 'to set the face against' someone is an anthropomorphism for resolved hostile judgment — the opposite of the priestly blessing 'the LORD make his face shine upon you' (Num 6:25).
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying πρόσωπον)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying πρόσωπον).
ἐπὶagainstpreposition + accusative (hostile direction)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (hostile direction).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνθρωπονmanAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the offender)→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: 'man, person'; renders אִישׁ / הָאָדָם; with the demonstrative ἐκεῖνον it singles out the particular Molech-giver of v.2.
ἐκεῖνονthatAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying ἄνθρωπον)→ object specificationἐκεῖνος: 'that (one)'; the demonstrative points back to the offender of v.2, marking him as the specific object of divine judgment.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπολῶI will destroyFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀπόλλυμιmain verb (the karet sanction)→ predictive future (divine cutting-off)ἀπόλλυμι: 'destroy utterly, cause to perish'; ἀπολῶ αὐτὸν ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ renders the karet formula וְהִכְרַתִּי אֹתוֹ מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֹ ('I will cut him off from among his people') — the divine penalty of excision from the covenant community, whether by death or by being cut off from one's posterity.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ἀπολῶ→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἀπολῶ.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive of separation ('from his people')→ relational specificationλαός: 'people'; renders עַם; the covenant community from which the offender is cut off — the karet penalty severs him from Israel's corporate life and inheritance.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying λαοῦ)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying λαοῦ).
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction (introducing rationale)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; introduces the ground of the judgment — the giving of seed to the ruler-deity.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (partitive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπέρματοςseedGenitivepartitive genitive object of ἔδωκεν (fronted for emphasis)→ relational specificationσπέρμα: 'seed, offspring'; the partitive genitive, fronted before its verb, emphasizes the offense — it was of his own offspring that he gave.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἔδωκενhe gaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιverb of causal clause→ constative aorist (the committed offense)δίδωμι: here the aorist indicative states the offense as an accomplished fact grounding the verdict; same verb as the subjunctive δῷ of v.2.
ἄρχοντιto a rulerDativedative indirect object of ἔδωκεν→ sphere or referenceἄρχων: again the LXX rendering of מֹלֶךְ (Molech); see v.2.
ἵναso as to / so thatconjunction (introducing result/consequence clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: 'so that'; here introducing the (aggravating) consequence of the act — the defilement of the sanctuary; the nuance is resultative more than purposive (the offender does not intend defilement, but it follows).
μιάνῃhe may defileAor Act Subj 3 Sg · μιαίνωverb of ἵνα-clause→ aorist subjunctive (consequence: cultic defilement)μιαίνω: 'defile, pollute, render ritually unclean'; renders טִמֵּא; the Molech-cult defiles τὰ ἅγια ('my holy things' / the sanctuary), a grave cultic consequence in the Holiness Code's logic of pollution.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιάholy thingsAccusativedirect object of μιάνῃ (substantivized adjective)→ object specificationἅγιος (neut. pl. substantive): 'holy things / sanctuary'; renders מִקְדָּשׁ ('my sanctuary') or קָדָשִׁים; the Molech-offering pollutes the sphere of YHWH's holiness; the root ἅγ- anchors the chapter's holiness-vocabulary (cf. vv.7–8, 26).
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying ἅγιά)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying ἅγιά).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (linking second subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βεβηλώσῃhe may profaneAor Act Subj 3 Sg · βεβηλόωsecond verb of ἵνα-clause→ aorist subjunctive (consequence: profanation of the Name)βεβηλόω: 'profane, desecrate, treat as common'; renders חִלֵּל; the antonym of ἁγιάζω ('sanctify'); profaning τὸ ὄνομα (the holy Name) by the Molech-cult is the supreme covenantal affront (cf. 18:21; 22:32).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameAccusativedirect object of βεβηλώσῃ→ object specificationὄνομα: 'name'; renders שֵׁם; the divine Name represents YHWH's revealed person and reputation; its profanation is the gravest dishonor — the concern echoes in the third commandment and in the NT petition ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου (Matt 6:9).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with substantivized participle)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡγιασμένωνthings consecratedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Gen Neut Pl · ἁγιάζωsubstantivized perfect participle (genitive: 'of the consecrated things')→ perfect passive participle (abiding consecrated state)ἁγιάζω: 'consecrate, make holy, set apart'; the perfect passive participle τὰ ἡγιασμένα denotes things that have been and remain consecrated to YHWH — 'the name of the things hallowed to me'; the perfect stresses the settled, sacred status that the offender profanes. The ἁγιάζω root ties to ὁ ἁγιάζων ὑμᾶς (v.8).
μοιto meDativedative of advantage/reference (consecrated 'to me')→ participant reference or interestthe dative μοι marks YHWH as the one to whom the holy things are consecrated; the consecration is relational — set apart for YHWH's exclusive possession.
4

ἐὰν δὲ ὑπερόψει ὑπερίδωσιν οἱ αὐτόχθονες τῆς γῆς τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς αὐτῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκείνου ἐν τῷ δοῦναι αὐτὸν τοῦ σπέρματος αὐτοῦ ἄρχοντι τοῦ μὴ ἀποκτεῖναι αὐτόν

But if the native-born of the land should deliberately overlook with their eyes that man, when he gives of his seed to a ruler, so as not to put him to death—

Contrastive conditional (community failure to execute the sentence)ἐὰν δὲ … ὑπερίδωσιν
δέ marks the contrastive case: what if the community shirks its duty? The cognate-dative ὑπερόψει ὑπερίδωσιν ('overlooking should overlook', another infinitive-absolute calque) describes deliberate connivance — the natives shut their eyes to the offender so as not to execute him. The articular-infinitive τοῦ μὴ ἀποκτεῖναι expresses the negligent result; v.5 supplies the apodosis: YHWH will act himself.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (protasis)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; introduces the contrastive conditional case of communal negligence.
δὲbutadversative particle (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: post-positive; here mildly adversative, contrasting the diligent execution of v.2 with the possibility of communal laxity.
ὑπερόψειby overlookingDativecognate dative (intensifying ὑπερίδωσιν; Hebraism)→ sphere or referenceὑπέροψις: 'an overlooking, disregard'; the cognate dative ὑπερόψει with ὑπερίδωσιν calques the Hebrew infinitive absolute (הַעְלֵם יַעְלִימוּ, 'if they utterly hide [their eyes]'), expressing deliberate, willful disregard.
ὑπερίδωσινthey overlookAor Act Subj 3 Pl · ὑπεροράωverb of protasis→ aorist subjunctive (hypothetical act of connivance)ὑπεροράω: 'overlook, disregard, take no notice of'; renders עָלַם (Hiphil, 'hide the eyes from'); the natives' culpable refusal to enforce the death-sentence; with the following τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς ('with their eyes') it images them looking away from the crime.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτόχθονεςnative-bornNominativesubject of ὑπερίδωσιν→ participant prominenceαὐτόχθων: 'native, indigenous (of the land)'; renders אֶזְרָח ('native-born Israelite'); the LXX term (lit. 'sprung from the land itself') for the full members of Israel, contrasted with the προσήλυτος; here charged with enforcing the law.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive of relationship ('native of the land')→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land'; the homeland of Israel, of which the αὐτόχθονες are the indigenous inhabitants.
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοῖςeyesDativedative of instrument/respect ('with their eyes')→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός: 'eye'; renders עַיִן; the phrase 'overlook with their eyes' (ὑπερίδωσιν … τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς) is a vivid Hebraism for averting one's gaze from a crime one is bound to punish.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying ὀφθαλμοῖς)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying ὀφθαλμοῖς).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation: looking away from)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: here 'away from'; the natives overlook 'from' the offender — i.e., turn their attention away from him.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνθρώπουmanGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (the offender)→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: the Molech-giver of v.2, here the object the community culpably ignores.
ἐκείνουthatGenitivedemonstrative adjective (modifying ἀνθρώπου)→ relational specificationἐκεῖνος: 'that'; resumes the specific offender.
ἐνin / whenpreposition + articular infinitive (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν τῷ + infinitive: a temporal construction ('when, while'), a common LXX rendering of the Hebrew בְּ + infinitive construct; here 'when he gives.'
τῷtheDativearticle (with infinitive δοῦναι)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦναιto give / his givingAor Act Inf · δίδωμιarticular infinitive (temporal: 'when he gives')→ aorist infinitive (the act of giving, viewed as a whole)δίδωμι: the articular infinitive ἐν τῷ δοῦναι ('in the giving / when he gives') marks the time of the offense; its subject is expressed by the accusative αὐτόν.
αὐτὸνhe / himAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive δοῦναι→ participant referencethe accusative αὐτόν is the subject of the articular infinitive (acc.-with-inf.), i.e., 'when he gives.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (partitive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπέρματοςseedGenitivepartitive genitive object of δοῦναι→ relational specificationσπέρμα: 'seed, offspring'; see v.2.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἄρχοντιto a rulerDativedative indirect object of δοῦναι→ sphere or referenceἄρχων: the LXX rendering of מֹלֶךְ (Molech); see v.2.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with infinitive of result/purpose)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotnegative particle (with infinitive)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: the negative used with the (non-indicative) infinitive.
ἀποκτεῖναιto put to deathAor Act Inf · ἀποκτείνωarticular infinitive of result (τοῦ μὴ ἀποκτεῖναι: 'so as not to kill')→ aorist infinitive (the omitted execution)ἀποκτείνω: 'kill, put to death'; the articular infinitive τοῦ μὴ ἀποκτεῖναι ('so as not to put to death') expresses the negligent result of the community's connivance — they overlook the man with the effect that he is not executed; renders Hebrew לְבִלְתִּי הָמִית.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object of ἀποκτεῖναι→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἀποκτεῖναι.
5

καὶ ἐπιστήσω τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐπὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐκεῖνον καὶ τὴν συγγένειαν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπολῶ αὐτὸν καὶ πάντας τοὺς ὁμονοοῦντας αὐτῷ ὥστε ἐκπορνεύειν αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς ἄρχοντας ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτῶν

then I will set my face against that man and against his kindred, and I will destroy him and all who are of one mind with him, so as to commit fornication with the rulers, from among their people.

Apodosis to v.4: divine action despite communal negligence (extending to accomplices)καὶ ἐπιστήσω
The apodosis answers the negligence of v.4: where the community fails, YHWH himself acts, and the sanction widens — not only the offender but his συγγένεια ('kindred') and all οἱ ὁμονοοῦντες ('those of one mind with him', i.e., sympathizers/accomplices) fall under the cutting-off. The infinitive ἐκπορνεύειν construes the Molech-cult as covenantal harlotry (ἐκπορνεύειν εἰς τοὺς ἄρχοντας, 'to go whoring after the rulers').
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶand / thencoordinate conjunction (apodosis-marker)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστήσωI will setFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ἐφίστημιmain verb (divine sanction, repeating v.3)→ predictive future (certain divine judicial act)ἐφίστημι: the face-setting idiom repeated from v.3 (ἐπιστήσω τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐπί); here extended to the offender's kindred and accomplices.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπόνfaceAccusativedirect object of ἐπιστήσω→ object specificationπρόσωπον: see v.3; the anthropomorphism of hostile divine attention.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐπὶagainstpreposition + accusative (hostile direction)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (hostile direction).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνθρωπονmanAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: the offender of v.2.
ἐκεῖνονthatAccusativedemonstrative adjective→ object specificationἐκεῖνος: 'that one.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (extending the object)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συγγένειανkindredAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (second member: his family)→ object specificationσυγγένεια: 'kinship, family, relatives'; renders מִשְׁפָּחָה ('clan, family'); the judgment extends to the offender's family — corporate solidarity in guilt, here because they would shield or share his apostasy.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying συγγένειαν)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying συγγένειαν).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπολῶI will destroyFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀπόλλυμιmain verb (the karet sanction, repeating v.3)→ predictive future (divine cutting-off)ἀπόλλυμι: the cutting-off formula of v.3, here with a compound object — the offender and his sympathizers.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ἀπολῶ→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἀπολῶ.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταςallAccusativeaccusative (modifying the substantivized participle)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; emphasizes that no accomplice escapes the sanction.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with substantivized participle)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁμονοοῦνταςthose agreeing / of one mindPres Act Ptcp Acc Masc Pl · ὁμονοέωsubstantivized participle (object of ἀπολῶ: the accomplices)→ present participle (ongoing concurrence with the offender)ὁμονοέω: 'be of one mind, agree, consent'; the present participle οἱ ὁμονοοῦντες αὐτῷ ('those who side with / consent to him') designates the offender's sympathizers; renders the sense of those who 'go astray after him'; the dative αὐτῷ marks the one with whom they concur.
αὐτῷwith himDativedative complement of ὁμονοοῦντας→ participant reference or interestthe dative of association governed by ὁμονοέω ('of one mind with him').
ὥστεso as toconjunction (result, + infinitive)→ discourse linkage or contrastὥστε: 'so as to, so that'; with the infinitive ἐκπορνεύειν expresses the result/character of the concurrence — joining in the spiritual harlotry.
ἐκπορνεύεινto commit fornicationPres Act Inf · ἐκπορνεύωinfinitive of result (with ὥστε)→ present infinitive (ongoing covenantal harlotry)ἐκπορνεύω: 'go whoring, commit fornication (utterly)'; renders זָנָה; the intensive compound (ἐκ-) is the LXX's standard metaphor for idolatry as covenantal adultery against YHWH; here applied to the Molech-cult and (in v.6) to necromancy.
αὐτὸνhim / heAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive ἐκπορνεύειν→ participant referencethe accusative subject of the infinitive (acc.-with-inf.).
εἰςafter / untopreposition + accusative (object of the 'whoring')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: here 'after, unto' (the object of illicit devotion); ἐκπορνεύειν εἰς ('to go whoring after') renders זָנָה אַחֲרֵי.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχονταςrulersAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (the Molech-deities)→ object specificationἄρχων (acc. pl.): 'rulers'; again the LXX rendering of Molech (see v.2), here plural — the false 'rulers' (idol-deities) after whom the apostates whore.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (separation: the karet)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation: the karet).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive of separation ('from their people')→ relational specificationλαός: 'people'; the covenant community from which the offender and his accomplices are cut off; cf. v.3.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying λαοῦ)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying λαοῦ).
6

καὶ ψυχή ἣ ἐὰν ἐπακολουθήσῃ ἐγγαστριμύθοις ἢ ἐπαοιδοῖς ὥστε ἐκπορνεῦσαι ὀπίσω αὐτῶν ἐπιστήσω τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐπὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἐκείνην καὶ ἀπολῶ αὐτὴν ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτῆς

And the soul that follows after mediums or enchanters, so as to go whoring after them—I will set my face against that soul and will destroy it from its people.

Parallel sanction: necromancy as harlotry (same penalty as the Molech-cult)καὶ ψυχή ἣ ἐὰν
The oracle against necromancy parallels the Molech-law verbatim in its sanction (ἐπιστήσω τὸ πρόσωπόν μου … ἀπολῶ … ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ), binding the two apostasies together. ἐγγαστρίμυθοι ('belly-talkers' = mediums consulting the dead) and ἐπαοιδοί ('enchanters') render אֹב and יִדְּעֹנִי; ἐκπορνεῦσαι ὀπίσω αὐτῶν ('to go whoring after them') again casts the practice as covenantal adultery (cf. v.5). The verse forms an inclusio with v.27.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψυχήsoul / personNominativenominative (casus pendens / fronted subject resumed by ἐκείνην)→ participant prominenceψυχή: 'soul, living being, person'; renders נֶפֶשׁ; in legal contexts simply 'a person/anyone'; here fronted as a hanging nominative ('the soul that …'), later resumed by τὴν ψυχὴν ἐκείνην as the object of the sanction.
which / whoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐπακολουθήσῃ)→ participant referenceὅς (fem.): relative pronoun agreeing with ψυχή; ἣ ἐάν ('whoever') generalizes the case.
ἐὰνevermodal particle with subjunctive (indefinite relative)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν (= ἄν here): with the subjunctive in an indefinite relative clause ('whichever soul').
ἐπακολουθήσῃfollows afterAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἐπακολουθέωverb of indefinite relative clause (the offense)→ aorist subjunctive (the actionable act)ἐπακολουθέω: 'follow after, go after, attend upon'; renders פָּנָה אֶל ('turn to') / הָלַךְ אַחֲרֵי; the dative object marks devoted resort to the mediums; consulting the dead is treated as turning away from YHWH to other powers.
ἐγγαστριμύθοιςmediums / ventriloquistsDativedative object of ἐπακολουθήσῃ→ sphere or referenceἐγγαστρίμυθος: lit. 'belly-talker' (ἐν + γαστήρ + μῦθος); the LXX's term for a necromancer/medium who speaks from the belly with the voice of the consulted dead; renders אוֹב ('ghost, familiar spirit, medium'); the same word names the witch of Endor (1 Kgdms 28:7). The dative is governed by ἐπακολουθέω.
ordisjunctive conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπαοιδοῖςenchantersDativedative object of ἐπακολουθήσῃ (parallel to ἐγγαστριμύθοις)→ sphere or referenceἐπαοιδός (= ἐπῳδός): 'enchanter, one who chants spells'; renders יִדְּעֹנִי ('familiar spirit, soothsayer') or אַשָּׁף; one who practices incantation/divination; paired with ἐγγαστρίμυθος as the standard LXX dyad for forbidden necromancy (cf. v.27; Deut 18:11).
ὥστεso as toconjunction (result, + infinitive)→ discourse linkage or contrastὥστε: with the infinitive expresses the result/intent of following after the mediums.
ἐκπορνεῦσαιto go whoringAor Act Inf · ἐκπορνεύωinfinitive of result (with ὥστε)→ aorist infinitive (the act of covenantal harlotry)ἐκπορνεύω: see v.5; here the necromantic resort is branded as 'going whoring after them' (ὀπίσω αὐτῶν), the metaphor of spiritual adultery against YHWH.
ὀπίσωafterimproper preposition + genitive ('after them')→ spatial or relational framingὀπίσω: 'behind, after'; ἐκπορνεῦσαι ὀπίσω renders זָנָה אַחֲרֵי ('go whoring after'), a fixed idiom for idolatrous apostasy.
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of ὀπίσω→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ὀπίσω.
ἐπιστήσωI will setFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ἐφίστημιmain verb of apodosis (divine sanction)→ predictive future (certain divine judicial act)ἐφίστημι: the face-setting idiom again (cf. vv.3, 5).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπόνfaceAccusativedirect object of ἐπιστήσω→ object specificationπρόσωπον: see v.3.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐπὶagainstpreposition + accusative (hostile direction)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (hostile direction).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴνsoulAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (resuming the casus pendens ψυχή)→ object specificationψυχή: here the offending person, resumed from the fronted nominative; the sanction falls on 'that soul.'
ἐκείνηνthatAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying ψυχήν)→ object specificationἐκεῖνος: 'that'; specifies the offending soul.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπολῶI will destroyFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀπόλλυμιmain verb (the karet sanction)→ predictive future (divine cutting-off)ἀπόλλυμι: the cutting-off formula, cf. vv.3, 5.
αὐτὴνit / herAccusativedirect object of ἀπολῶ (the soul)→ participant referencethe feminine pronoun agrees with ψυχή ('soul').
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive of separation ('from its people')→ relational specificationλαός: see v.3; the karet penalty.
αὐτῆςits / herGenitivegenitive of possession (agreeing with ψυχή)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (agreeing with ψυχή).
7

καὶ ἔσεσθε ἅγιοι ὅτι ἅγιος ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν

And you shall be holy, because I, the LORD your God, am holy.

Holiness imperative (positive hinge interrupting the penal catalogue)καὶ ἔσεσθε ἅγιοι
The first holiness-hinge: a positive command grounded in the imitatio Dei principle. ἔσεσθε ἅγιοι (future with imperatival force, 'you shall be / be holy') is grounded by the ὅτι-clause ἅγιος ἐγώ ('because I am holy'); this is the refrain of the Holiness Code (cf. 11:44–45; 19:2) and the text quoted at 1 Pet 1:16.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσεσθεyou shall beFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (future with imperatival/legislative force)→ imperatival future (covenantal demand)εἰμί (fut. ἔσομαι): 'be'; the future ἔσεσθε ἅγιοι ('you shall be holy') renders the Hebrew imperfect/imperative וִהְיִיתֶם קְדֹשִׁים — both prediction and command: Israel's holiness is the goal and obligation of the covenant.
ἅγιοιholyNominativepredicate adjective (with ἔσεσθε)→ participant prominenceἅγιος: 'holy, set apart, consecrated'; renders קָדוֹשׁ; the central concept of the Holiness Code — Israel is to be holy because separated unto YHWH; the predicate adjective defines the goal of covenant life.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction (grounding the imperative)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; the ground of the demand — Israel's holiness derives from and images YHWH's own holiness (imitatio Dei).
ἅγιοςholyNominativepredicate adjective (with implied εἰμί)→ participant prominenceἅγιος: here predicated of YHWH himself — divine holiness is the archetype and source of Israel's required holiness.
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic, with implied copula)→ participant referenceἐγώ: the emphatic divine self-reference; the verbless clause ἅγιος ἐγώ ('holy [am] I') is a self-predication formula.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject in apposition to ἐγώ→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the self-identification 'I the LORD your God' (ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν) is the recurrent authority-formula of the Holiness Code.
theNominativearticle (with θεός in apposition)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativenoun in apposition to κύριος ('the LORD your God')→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; renders אֱלֹהִים; ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν ('your God') expresses the covenant bond grounding the claim on Israel's holiness.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying θεός)→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship (modifying θεός).
8

καὶ φυλάξεσθε τὰ προστάγματά μου καὶ ποιήσετε αὐτά ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ ἁγιάζων ὑμᾶς

And you shall keep my ordinances and do them. I am the LORD who sanctifies you.

Holiness imperative continued: keeping the statutes and the sanctification-formulaκαὶ φυλάξεσθε
The complement to v.7: holiness is realized in obedience (φυλάξεσθε … ποιήσετε, 'keep and do'). The clinching self-predication ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ ἁγιάζων ὑμᾶς ('I am the LORD who sanctifies you') makes holiness not merely Israel's achievement but YHWH's own ongoing act — the ἁγιάζω participle answers the βεβηλώσῃ / ἡγιασμένων language of v.3 and anticipates v.26.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φυλάξεσθεyou shall keepFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · φυλάσσωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival future (covenantal command)φυλάσσω: 'guard, keep, observe'; renders שָׁמַר; the middle φυλάξεσθε ('you shall keep [for yourselves]') is the standard verb for observing divine commandments; pairs with ποιήσετε ('and do') in the keep-and-do formula (cf. v.22).
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προστάγματάordinancesAccusativedirect object of φυλάξεσθε→ object specificationπρόσταγμα: 'ordinance, decree, statute'; renders חֻקָּה / מִשְׁפָּט; the binding cultic-ethical statutes of the covenant; recurs at v.22 (with κρίματα, 'judgments').
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσετεyou shall doFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (imperatival future, paired with φυλάξεσθε)→ imperatival future (covenantal command)ποιέω: 'do, make, perform'; renders עָשָׂה; the keep-and-do pairing (שָׁמַר וְעָשָׂה) insists that observance must issue in performance, not mere assent.
αὐτάthemAccusativedirect object of ποιήσετε (the ordinances)→ participant referenceαὐτός (neut. pl.): refers back to τὰ προστάγματα.
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic, verbless self-predication)→ participant referenceἐγώ: the emphatic divine self-reference in the formula ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ ἁγιάζων ὑμᾶς.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject in apposition to ἐγώ→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγιάζωνwho sanctifiesPres Act Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · ἁγιάζωsubstantivized participle in apposition ('the one sanctifying you')→ present participle (ongoing, characteristic divine action)ἁγιάζω: 'sanctify, make holy, consecrate'; renders קִדֵּשׁ (Piel); the present participle ὁ ἁγιάζων ('the one who sanctifies') expresses YHWH's continual, characterizing act — Israel's holiness (v.7) is grounded in God's own sanctifying work; the theological crux of the Holiness Code (cf. 21:8; 22:32; and v.26 ὁ ἀφορίσας).
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object of ἁγιάζων→ participant referencethe second-person plural object: Israel as the recipients of YHWH's sanctifying action.
9

ἄνθρωπος ἄνθρωπος ὃς ἂν κακῶς εἴπῃ τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ ἢ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ θανάτῳ θανατούσθω πατέρα αὐτοῦ ἢ μητέρα αὐτοῦ κακῶς εἶπεν ἔνοχος ἔσται

Any man whatever who speaks evil of his father or his mother, let him be put to death by death; he has spoken evil of his father or his mother—he shall be liable.

Capital case: cursing parents (opens the casuistic penal series)ἄνθρωπος ἄνθρωπος ὃς ἂν
The reduplicated ἄνθρωπος ἄνθρωπος ('any man whatsoever') is a Hebraism (אִישׁ אִישׁ) opening the casuistic series. To 'speak evil of' (κακῶς εἴπῃ, rendering קִלֵּל 'curse, revile') one's parents is a capital offense; the apodosis adds the verdict-formula θανάτῳ θανατούσθω and the blood-guilt declaration ἔνοχος ἔσται ('he shall be liable / his blood upon him'). Cited by Jesus at Matt 15:4 / Mark 7:10.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἄνθρωποςmanNominativenominative (first member of distributive reduplication)→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: 'man, person'; the doubling ἄνθρωπος ἄνθρωπος renders the Hebrew distributive אִישׁ אִישׁ ('any man whatever, each and every man'), introducing the general casuistic subject.
ἄνθρωποςmanNominativenominative (reduplication for distributive force)→ participant prominencethe second ἄνθρωπος completes the Hebraistic distributive ('whosoever').
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of εἴπῃ)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; ὃς ἂν + subjunctive specifies the actionable offense.
ἂνevermodal particle (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: generalizing modal particle.
κακῶςevillyadverb (with εἴπῃ: 'speak evil of')→ clausal contributionκακῶς: 'badly, evilly'; the idiom κακῶς εἰπεῖν τινα ('to speak evil of, revile') renders קִלֵּל ('curse, treat with contempt'); the LXX construes cursing parents as verbal contempt of grave covenantal weight.
εἴπῃspeaksAor Act Subj 3 Sg · λέγωverb of indefinite relative clause (the offense)→ aorist subjunctive (the actionable act of cursing)λέγω (aor. subj. εἴπῃ): here with κακῶς, 'speak evil of, curse'; renders קִלֵּל; the offense of dishonoring/reviling a parent, a violation of the fifth commandment escalated to a capital matter.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέραfatherAccusativedirect object of εἴπῃ→ object specificationπατήρ: 'father'; renders אָב; the object of the forbidden cursing; parental honor is foundational to the covenant order (cf. Exod 20:12; 21:17).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ordisjunctive conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μητέραmotherAccusativedirect object of εἴπῃ (parallel to πατέρα)→ object specificationμήτηρ: 'mother'; renders אֵם; the equal naming of father and mother as protected reflects the parity of parental honor in Israelite law.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
θανάτῳby deathDativecognate dative (Hebraism, intensifying θανατούσθω)→ sphere or referenceθάνατος: the cognate dative calquing the infinitive absolute מוֹת יוּמַת; see v.2.
θανατούσθωlet him be put to deathPres Pass Impv 3 Sg · θανατόωmain verb of apodosis (legal verdict)→ imperatival present passive (standing judicial sentence)θανατόω: 'put to death'; the third-person passive imperative pronounces the capital verdict; see v.2.
πατέραfatherAccusativedirect object of εἶπεν (recapitulating the offense)→ object specificationπατήρ: the restated object in the motive-clause that grounds the verdict ('he has spoken evil of his father …').
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ordisjunctive conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μητέραmotherAccusativedirect object of εἶπεν (parallel)→ object specificationμήτηρ: see above.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κακῶςevillyadverb (with εἶπεν, recapitulating the offense)→ clausal contributionκακῶς: see above; the restatement 'he has spoken evil' grounds the death-verdict in the offender's own act.
εἶπενhe has spokenAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωverb of motive-clause (grounding the verdict)→ constative aorist (the committed offense as established fact)λέγω (aor. indic.): the indicative κακῶς εἶπεν ('he has spoken evil') states the offense as accomplished, grounding the blood-guilt that follows.
ἔνοχοςliable / guiltyNominativepredicate adjective (with ἔσται)→ participant prominenceἔνοχος: 'liable to, guilty of, subject to (a penalty)'; here rendering the Hebrew blood-guilt formula דָּמָיו בּוֹ ('his blood is upon him') — i.e., the offender bears responsibility for his own death; the term recurs throughout the chapter (ἔνοχοί εἰσιν, vv.11–13, 16, 27).
ἔσταιhe shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (with predicate ἔνοχος)→ predictive future (declared legal status)εἰμί (fut.): the copula declaring the offender's standing legal status — liable to death, his blood on his own head.
10

ἄνθρωπος ὃς ἂν μοιχεύσηται γυναῖκα ἀνδρὸς ἢ ὃς ἂν μοιχεύσηται γυναῖκα τοῦ πλησίον θανάτῳ θανατούσθωσαν ὁ μοιχεύων καὶ ἡ μοιχευομένη

A man who commits adultery with a man's wife, or who commits adultery with the wife of his neighbor, let them be put to death by death—the adulterer and the adulteress.

Capital case: adultery (opens the sexual-offense catalogue)ἄνθρωπος ὃς ἂν μοιχεύσηται
The first sexual offense: adultery with another man's wife. The plural verdict θανάτῳ θανατούσθωσαν names both parties — ὁ μοιχεύων (the adulterer) and ἡ μοιχευομένη (the adulteress, passive participle) — as equally liable. μοιχεύω renders נָאַף; the doubled relative clause restates the case for emphasis (a man's wife / a neighbor's wife).
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἄνθρωποςmanNominativenominative (casus pendens / general subject)→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: the general casuistic subject ('a man who …').
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of μοιχεύσηται)→ participant referenceὅς: relative; ὃς ἂν + subjunctive frames the case.
ἂνevermodal particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: generalizing particle.
μοιχεύσηταιcommits adulteryAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · μοιχεύωverb of indefinite relative clause (the offense)→ aorist subjunctive (the actionable act)μοιχεύω: 'commit adultery'; renders נָאַף; the middle voice here is essentially equivalent to the active; adultery violates both the marriage and the seventh commandment (Exod 20:14) and is a capital offense for both parties.
γυναῖκαwife / womanAccusativedirect object of μοιχεύσηται→ object specificationγυνή: 'woman, wife'; renders אִשָּׁה; here 'a (married) man's wife.'
ἀνδρὸςof a man / husbandGenitivegenitive of possession ('a man's wife')→ relational specificationἀνήρ: 'man, husband'; renders אִישׁ; γυναῖκα ἀνδρός ('a man's wife') specifies a married woman — the adultery is against the husband's marriage.
ordisjunctive conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of second μοιχεύσηται)→ participant referenceὅς: the repeated relative restates the case with the synonymous 'neighbor's wife.'
ἂνevermodal particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μοιχεύσηταιcommits adulteryAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · μοιχεύωverb of second relative clause (restating the offense)→ aorist subjunctive (the actionable act)μοιχεύω: the repetition (with γυναῖκα τοῦ πλησίον) emphasizes that the offense is defined by the woman's married status, whoever the husband.
γυναῖκαwifeAccusativedirect object of second μοιχεύσηται→ object specificationγυνή: see above.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborGenitivegenitive of possession (substantivized adverb: 'of the neighbor')→ relational specificationπλησίον: originally an adverb 'near'; used as a substantive 'neighbor'; renders רֵעַ; γυναῖκα τοῦ πλησίον ('the neighbor's wife') restates 'a man's wife' (cf. Exod 20:17).
θανάτῳby deathDativecognate dative (Hebraism)→ sphere or referenceθάνατος: see v.2; the infinitive-absolute calque.
θανατούσθωσανlet them be put to deathPres Pass Impv 3 Pl · θανατόωmain verb of apodosis (plural verdict: both parties)→ imperatival present passive (standing judicial sentence)θανατόω: the plural θανατούσθωσαν ('let them be put to death') makes both adulterer and adulteress equally subject to the capital penalty — a notable parity in Israelite law.
theNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μοιχεύωνthe adultererPres Act Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · μοιχεύωsubstantivized participle (subject: the guilty man)→ present participle (the one committing the act)μοιχεύω (act. ptcp.): ὁ μοιχεύων ('the adulterer'), the active partner; substantivized to name the male offender in apposition to the plural verb.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μοιχευομένηthe adulteressPres Mid/Pass Ptcp Nom Fem Sg · μοιχεύωsubstantivized participle (subject: the guilty woman)→ present participle (the female partner in the act)μοιχεύω (mid./pass. ptcp.): ἡ μοιχευομένη ('the adulteress, the woman being committed-adultery-with'); the feminine middle/passive names the female offender, equally liable; the active/passive participle pairing precisely allocates guilt to both.
11

ἐάν τις κοιμηθῇ μετὰ γυναικὸς τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ἀσχημοσύνην τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ἀπεκάλυψεν θανάτῳ θανατούσθωσαν ἀμφότεροι ἔνοχοί εἰσιν

If anyone lies with his father's wife, he has uncovered his father's nakedness; let them both be put to death by death—they are liable.

Capital case: incest with father's wifeἐάν τις κοιμηθῇ
Incest with the father's wife. κοιμηθῇ μετά ('lie with') is the standard euphemism; ἀσχημοσύνην … ἀπεκάλυψεν ('he has uncovered the nakedness/shame') renders גִּלָּה עֶרְוַת, the technical idiom of the incest laws (Lev 18). The verdict is plural (θανατούσθωσαν ἀμφότεροι, 'let them both be put to death'); the blood-guilt formula ἔνοχοί εἰσιν ('they are liable') recurs through the catalogue.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἐάνifconditional conjunction (protasis)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: introduces the casuistic case.
τιςanyoneNominativesubject (indefinite pronoun)→ participant referenceτις: 'anyone'; the impersonal legal subject.
κοιμηθῇliesAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · κοιμάωverb of protasis (the offense)→ aorist (passive-deponent) subjunctive (the actionable act)κοιμάω (pass. 'lie down, sleep'): κοιμηθῇ μετά ('lie with') is the standard LXX euphemism for sexual intercourse, rendering שָׁכַב עִם/אֶת; the passive form functions as a deponent middle.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment, euphemistic)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (accompaniment, euphemistic).
γυναικὸςwifeGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationγυνή: 'wife'; γυναικὸς τοῦ πατρός ('father's wife') — the stepmother; intercourse with her is incest dishonoring the father (cf. Lev 18:8; 1 Cor 5:1).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρὸςfatherGenitivegenitive of possession ('his father's wife')→ relational specificationπατήρ: 'father'; the woman belongs to the offender's father; the offense is construed as violating the father's honor.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἀσχημοσύνηνnakedness / shameAccusativedirect object of ἀπεκάλυψεν→ object specificationἀσχημοσύνη: 'shame, indecency, nakedness'; renders עֶרְוָה; the technical term of the incest code; the idiom ἀσχημοσύνην ἀποκαλύπτω ('uncover the nakedness/shame') = have sexual relations with; recurs throughout vv.11, 17–21.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρὸςfatherGenitivegenitive of relationship ('the father's nakedness')→ relational specificationπατήρ: the offense is defined as uncovering 'the father's nakedness' — i.e., violating what belongs exclusively to the father.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἀπεκάλυψενhe has uncoveredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκαλύπτωmain verb of motive-clause (defining the offense)→ constative aorist (the committed offense)ἀποκαλύπτω: 'uncover, reveal, lay bare'; renders גִּלָּה; with ἀσχημοσύνην the fixed idiom for illicit intercourse; the aorist states the accomplished violation grounding the verdict.
θανάτῳby deathDativecognate dative (Hebraism)→ sphere or referenceθάνατος: see v.2.
θανατούσθωσανlet them be put to deathPres Pass Impv 3 Pl · θανατόωmain verb of apodosis (plural verdict)→ imperatival present passive (standing judicial sentence)θανατόω: the plural names both parties; see v.10.
ἀμφότεροιbothNominativesubject (in apposition to the plural verb)→ participant prominenceἀμφότεροι: 'both (of them)'; renders שְׁנֵיהֶם; specifies that both offenders share the capital penalty; recurs at vv.12, 13, 18, 27.
ἔνοχοίliable / guiltyNominativepredicate adjective (with εἰσιν)→ participant prominenceἔνοχος: 'liable, guilty, subject to penalty'; ἔνοχοί εἰσιν renders the blood-guilt formula דְּמֵיהֶם בָּם ('their blood is upon them') — the offenders bear responsibility for their own deaths; see v.9.
εἰσινthey arePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula (with predicate ἔνοχοι)→ gnomic/declarative present (legal status)εἰμί: the copula declaring the offenders' standing legal liability.
12

καὶ ἐάν τις κοιμηθῇ μετὰ νύμφης αὐτοῦ θανάτῳ θανατούσθωσαν ἀμφότεροι ἠσεβήκασιν γάρ ἔνοχοί εἰσιν

And if anyone lies with his daughter-in-law, let them both be put to death by death; for they have acted impiously—they are liable.

Capital case: incest with daughter-in-lawκαὶ ἐάν τις κοιμηθῇ
Incest with the daughter-in-law (νύμφη). The verdict-formula and blood-guilt clause repeat; uniquely, the causal ἠσεβήκασιν γάρ ('for they have acted impiously', perfect of ἀσεβέω) labels the act ἀσέβεια — a confusion/perversion of the natural order (Hebrew תֶּבֶל, 'perversion').
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐάνifconditional conjunction (protasis)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: introduces the case.
τιςanyoneNominativesubject (indefinite pronoun)→ participant referenceτις: 'anyone.'
κοιμηθῇliesAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · κοιμάωverb of protasis (the offense)→ aorist (deponent) subjunctive (the actionable act)κοιμάω: 'lie with'; see v.11.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (euphemistic)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (euphemistic).
νύμφηςdaughter-in-lawGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationνύμφη: 'bride, daughter-in-law'; renders כַּלָּה; here the son's wife; intercourse with her is incest (cf. Lev 18:15).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
θανάτῳby deathDativecognate dative (Hebraism)→ sphere or referenceθάνατος: see v.2.
θανατούσθωσανlet them be put to deathPres Pass Impv 3 Pl · θανατόωmain verb of apodosis (plural verdict)→ imperatival present passive (standing judicial sentence)θανατόω: see v.10.
ἀμφότεροιbothNominativesubject (apposition to plural verb)→ participant prominenceἀμφότεροι: 'both'; see v.11.
ἠσεβήκασινthey have acted impiouslyPerf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀσεβέωverb of causal clause (grounding the verdict)→ perfect (resultative: the abiding guilt of an impious act)ἀσεβέω: 'act impiously, commit sacrilege'; here renders the Hebrew תֶּבֶל ('perversion, confusion of the created order'); the perfect ἠσεβήκασιν stresses the abiding state of guilt resulting from the act — an offense against the divinely-ordered family structure.
γάρforcausal particle (post-positive, grounding the verdict)→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: 'for'; introduces the reason for the death-sentence — the act is ἀσέβεια.
ἔνοχοίliableNominativepredicate adjective (with εἰσιν)→ participant prominenceἔνοχος: the blood-guilt formula; see vv.9, 11.
εἰσινthey arePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula (with predicate ἔνοχοι)→ declarative present (legal status)εἰμί: see v.11.
13

καὶ ὃς ἂν κοιμηθῇ μετὰ ἄρσενος κοίτην γυναικός βδέλυγμα ἐποίησαν ἀμφότεροι θανατούσθωσαν ἔνοχοί εἰσιν

And whoever lies with a male as in the bed of a woman, both have committed an abomination; let them be put to death—they are liable.

Capital case: same-sex intercourse (labelled βδέλυγμα)καὶ ὃς ἂν κοιμηθῇ
Same-sex male intercourse. κοίτην γυναικός ('the bed/intercourse of a woman') is an accusative of manner/respect (a Hebraism, מִשְׁכְּבֵי אִשָּׁה) defining the act. It is labelled βδέλυγμα ('an abomination'), the strongest LXX term of cultic revulsion (cf. 18:22); both parties are subject to the death-penalty and bear blood-guilt (ἔνοχοί εἰσιν).
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὃςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (subject of κοιμηθῇ)→ participant referenceὅς: ὃς ἂν + subjunctive ('whoever') frames the case.
ἂνevermodal particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: generalizing particle.
κοιμηθῇliesAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · κοιμάωverb of indefinite relative clause (the offense)→ aorist (deponent) subjunctive (the actionable act)κοιμάω: 'lie with'; see v.11.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (euphemistic)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (euphemistic).
ἄρσενοςa maleGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationἄρσην: 'male'; renders זָכָר; κοιμηθῇ μετὰ ἄρσενος ('lie with a male') defines the same-sex act; the term recurs in the NT discussion (ἀρσενοκοῖται, 1 Cor 6:9, a compound coined from this verse's κοίτην + ἄρσενος).
κοίτηνbed / intercourseAccusativeaccusative of respect/manner ('as in the bed of a woman')→ object specificationκοίτη: 'bed, marriage-bed, sexual intercourse'; the accusative κοίτην γυναικός renders the Hebrew מִשְׁכְּבֵי אִשָּׁה ('the lyings of a woman'), an adverbial accusative defining the manner of the act; the phrase ἄρσενος … κοίτην underlies the LXX-derived term ἀρσενοκοίτης.
γυναικόςof a womanGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying κοίτην)→ relational specificationγυνή: 'woman'; the comparison is to heterosexual intercourse ('as one lies with a woman').
βδέλυγμαabominationAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησαν→ object specificationβδέλυγμα: 'abomination, detestable thing'; renders תּוֹעֵבָה; the strongest term of cultic/ethical revulsion in the LXX, marking the act as detestable to YHWH (cf. 18:22; Deut 7:25).
ἐποίησανthey have done / committedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωverb of motive-clause (defining the offense)→ constative aorist (the committed offense)ποιέω: 'do, commit'; βδέλυγμα ἐποίησαν ('they have committed an abomination') grounds the verdict; the plural already implicates both parties.
ἀμφότεροιbothNominativesubject (apposition)→ participant prominenceἀμφότεροι: 'both'; see v.11.
θανατούσθωσανlet them be put to deathPres Pass Impv 3 Pl · θανατόωmain verb of apodosis (plural verdict; note: no θανάτῳ here)→ imperatival present passive (standing judicial sentence)θανατόω: here without the cognate dative θανάτῳ (unlike vv.10–12); the bare plural imperative still pronounces the capital sentence on both.
ἔνοχοίliableNominativepredicate adjective (with εἰσιν)→ participant prominenceἔνοχος: the blood-guilt formula; see vv.9, 11.
εἰσινthey arePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula→ declarative present (legal status)εἰμί: see v.11.
14

ὃς ἐὰν λάβῃ γυναῖκα καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτῆς ἀνόμημά ἐστιν ἐν πυρὶ κατακαύσουσιν αὐτὸν καὶ αὐτάς καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ἀνομία ἐν ὑμῖν

Whoever takes a woman and her mother, it is a lawless deed; with fire shall they burn him and them, and there shall be no lawlessness among you.

Capital case: marrying a woman and her mother (death by burning)ὃς ἐὰν λάβῃ
Taking a woman and her mother is ἀνόμημα ('a lawless act'); the penalty is uniquely death by fire (ἐν πυρὶ κατακαύσουσιν, the only burning-penalty in the chapter, cf. 21:9). The purpose-clause καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ἀνομία ἐν ὑμῖν ('that there be no lawlessness among you') grounds the severity in the purgation of the community — a recurring rationale for capital law (Deut 13:5; 17:7).
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ὃςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (subject of λάβῃ)→ participant referenceὅς: ὃς ἐάν ('whoever') frames the case.
ἐὰνevermodal particle with subjunctive (indefinite relative)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν (= ἄν here): generalizing the relative.
λάβῃtakesAor Act Subj 3 Sg · λαμβάνωverb of indefinite relative clause (the offense)→ aorist subjunctive (the actionable act)λαμβάνω: 'take, take in marriage'; renders לָקַח ('take [a wife]'); λαβεῖν γυναῖκα is the idiom for marrying; here taking both a woman and her mother.
γυναῖκαa woman / wifeAccusativedirect object of λάβῃ→ object specificationγυνή: 'woman, wife'; the first of the two women taken.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μητέραmotherAccusativedirect object of λάβῃ (second woman)→ object specificationμήτηρ: 'mother'; taking 'a woman and her mother' is the incestuous offense (cf. Lev 18:17).
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying μητέρα)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship (modifying μητέρα).
ἀνόμημάa lawless deedNominativepredicate nominative (with ἐστιν)→ participant prominenceἀνόμημα: 'lawless act, transgression'; renders זִמָּה ('wickedness, depravity'); a strong label classing the act among grave covenantal crimes; cognate with ἀνομία at the verse's end.
ἐστινit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (with predicate ἀνόμημα)→ declarative present (characterization of the act)εἰμί: the copula classifying the offense.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrumental, Hebraistic)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dative: instrumental 'with (fire)', Hebraistic (בְּ).
πυρὶfireDativedative of instrument ('with fire')→ sphere or referenceπῦρ: 'fire'; renders אֵשׁ; death by burning is the uniquely severe penalty for this offense (cf. 21:9; Gen 38:24); ἐν πυρί reinforces κατακαύσουσιν.
κατακαύσουσινthey shall burn upFut Act Indic 3 Pl · κατακαίωmain verb (mode of execution; imperatival future)→ imperatival future (prescribed execution by burning)κατακαίω: 'burn up, consume with fire'; the intensive κατα- ('completely'); renders שָׂרַף (בָּאֵשׁ); the community is the implied plural subject; the burning purges the lawlessness from Israel.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of κατακαύσουσιν (the man)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of κατακαύσουσιν (the man).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτάςthemAccusativedirect object of κατακαύσουσιν (the two women)→ participant referenceαὐτός (fem. pl.): refers to the woman and her mother — all three (the man and both women) are burned.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing purpose/result)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιthere shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (result clause: purgation of lawlessness)→ predictive future (intended result of the penalty)εἰμί (fut.): οὐκ ἔσται ἀνομία ἐν ὑμῖν ('there shall be no lawlessness among you') expresses the purgative purpose of the death-penalty — the community is cleansed of the crime; cf. the recurring 'so you shall purge the evil from your midst' (Deut 13:5).
ἀνομίαlawlessnessNominativesubject of ἔσται→ participant prominenceἀνομία: 'lawlessness, iniquity'; renders זִמָּה / רֶשַׁע; cognate with ἀνόμημα earlier in the verse — the penalty removes the very 'lawlessness' the act introduced.
ἐνamongpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ὑμῖνyouDativedative object of ἐν ('among you')→ participant reference or interestthe second-person plural shifts to direct address of the community — the purgation concerns 'you,' Israel as a whole.
15

καὶ ὃς ἂν δῷ κοιτασίαν αὐτοῦ ἐν τετράποδι θανάτῳ θανατούσθω καὶ τὸ τετράπουν ἀποκτενεῖτε

And whoever gives his lying-with to a four-footed beast, let him be put to death by death; and the four-footed beast you shall kill.

Capital case: bestiality (male offender)καὶ ὃς ἂν δῷ
Bestiality by a man. δῷ κοιτασίαν αὐτοῦ ἐν τετράποδι ('give his lying-with to/among a four-footed beast') is the euphemism. Both man and beast are condemned: the man by the death-formula θανάτῳ θανατούσθω, the animal by ἀποκτενεῖτε ('you shall kill it') — the beast shares the destruction though not the guilt (cf. v.16; Exod 22:19).
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὃςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (subject of δῷ)→ participant referenceὅς: ὃς ἂν + subjunctive ('whoever').
ἂνevermodal particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: generalizing particle.
δῷgivesAor Act Subj 3 Sg · δίδωμιverb of indefinite relative clause (the offense)→ aorist subjunctive (the actionable act)δίδωμι: 'give'; δῷ κοιτασίαν ('give his copulation') is a euphemistic idiom for bestial intercourse, rendering נָתַן שְׁכָבְתּוֹ.
κοιτασίανlying-with / copulationAccusativedirect object of δῷ→ object specificationκοιτασία: 'lying-with, copulation, emission'; a rare LXX noun (from κοίτη) rendering שְׁכֹבֶת; the euphemistic object of δῷ defining the bestial act.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying κοιτασίαν)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying κοιτασίαν).
ἐνwith / topreposition + dative (Hebraistic, with the beast)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dative: here 'with/to (a beast)', Hebraistic (בְּ).
τετράποδιa four-footed beastDativedative object of ἐν (the animal)→ sphere or referenceτετράπους: 'four-footed (animal), quadruped'; renders בְּהֵמָה; the partner in the bestial act; the term recurs (τὸ τετράπουν) as the object of the animal's destruction.
θανάτῳby deathDativecognate dative (Hebraism)→ sphere or referenceθάνατος: see v.2.
θανατούσθωlet him be put to deathPres Pass Impv 3 Sg · θανατόωmain verb of apodosis (singular verdict: the man)→ imperatival present passive (standing judicial sentence)θανατόω: the singular (the man alone bears the death-formula; the animal is dealt with separately).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τετράπουνfour-footed beastAccusativedirect object of ἀποκτενεῖτε (fronted for emphasis)→ object specificationτετράπους (neut. acc. τετράπουν): the animal, here the object of destruction; though the beast bears no moral guilt, it shares in the obliteration of the abomination.
ἀποκτενεῖτεyou shall killFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ἀποκτείνωmain verb (imperatival future, addressed to the community)→ imperatival future (prescribed destruction of the animal)ἀποκτείνω: 'kill, put to death'; renders הָרַג; the second-person plural addresses the community ('you shall kill the beast'); the animal is destroyed to remove every trace of the abomination.
16

καὶ γυνή ἥτις προσελεύσεται πρὸς πᾶν κτῆνος βιβασθῆναι αὐτὴν ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ ἀποκτενεῖτε τὴν γυναῖκα καὶ τὸ κτῆνος θανάτῳ θανατούσθωσαν ἔνοχοί εἰσιν

And a woman who approaches any animal to be mounted by it—you shall kill the woman and the animal; let them be put to death by death—they are liable.

Capital case: bestiality (female offender)καὶ γυνή ἥτις
The female counterpart to v.15. The woman who 'approaches' (προσελεύσεται) an animal to be mounted by it (βιβασθῆναι, passive of βιβάζω) shares the man's fate; both woman and beast are killed (ἀποκτενεῖτε), and the death-formula and blood-guilt clause apply (θανάτῳ θανατούσθωσαν … ἔνοχοί εἰσιν).
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γυνήwomanNominativenominative (casus pendens / general subject)→ participant prominenceγυνή: 'woman'; the general female subject of the case, resumed as τὴν γυναῖκα (object of ἀποκτενεῖτε).
ἥτιςwho / whoeverNominativerelative pronoun (subject of προσελεύσεται)→ participant referenceὅστις: indefinite relative 'whoever'; agrees with γυνή; frames the generalized case.
προσελεύσεταιapproachesFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · προσέρχομαιverb of relative clause (the offense; future of generalized case)→ gnomic/predictive future (the hypothetical act)προσέρχομαι: 'approach, come to'; renders קָרַב; here euphemistic for sexual approach to the animal; the future in a generalized relative clause has the force of 'if/whenever she approaches.'
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
πᾶνanyAccusativeadjective (modifying κτῆνος)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'any, every'; πᾶν κτῆνος ('any animal') generalizes the prohibition to any beast.
κτῆνοςanimal / beastAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationκτῆνος: 'beast, domestic animal'; renders בְּהֵמָה; the partner in the bestial act (synonym of τετράπους in v.15).
βιβασθῆναιto be mountedAor Pass Inf · βιβάζωinfinitive of purpose (with implied subject αὐτήν)→ aorist passive infinitive (purpose: to be mounted)βιβάζω: 'cause to mount, make go up'; the passive βιβασθῆναι ('to be mounted/covered') is a breeding term applied here to the bestial act; the infinitive of purpose explains why she approaches; renders רָבַע.
αὐτὴνher / sheAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive βιβασθῆναι→ participant referencethe accusative subject of the infinitive ('that she be mounted').
ὑπ᾿bypreposition + genitive (agent of passive infinitive)→ spatial or relational framingὑπό + genitive: marks the agent ('by it').
αὐτοῦitGenitivegenitive of agent (the animal)→ relational specificationαὐτός: refers to the κτῆνος; the agent of βιβασθῆναι.
ἀποκτενεῖτεyou shall killFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ἀποκτείνωmain verb (imperatival future, to the community)→ imperatival future (prescribed execution)ἀποκτείνω: 'kill'; the community kills both woman and animal; cf. v.15.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκαwomanAccusativedirect object of ἀποκτενεῖτε→ object specificationγυνή: the offending woman, resumed from the casus pendens.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτῆνοςanimalAccusativedirect object of ἀποκτενεῖτε (the beast)→ object specificationκτῆνος: the animal, killed along with the woman.
θανάτῳby deathDativecognate dative (Hebraism)→ sphere or referenceθάνατος: see v.2.
θανατούσθωσανlet them be put to deathPres Pass Impv 3 Pl · θανατόωmain verb of apodosis (plural verdict)→ imperatival present passive (standing judicial sentence)θανατόω: the plural covers both woman and beast; see v.10.
ἔνοχοίliableNominativepredicate adjective (with εἰσιν)→ participant prominenceἔνοχος: the blood-guilt formula; see v.9.
εἰσινthey arePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula→ declarative present (legal status)εἰμί: see v.11.
17

ὃς ἐὰν λάβῃ τὴν ἀδελφὴν αὐτοῦ ἐκ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ἢ ἐκ μητρὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἴδῃ τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην αὐτῆς καὶ αὕτη ἴδῃ τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην αὐτοῦ ὄνειδός ἐστιν ἐξολεθρευθήσονται ἐνώπιον υἱῶν γένους αὐτῶν ἀσχημοσύνην ἀδελφῆς αὐτοῦ ἀπεκάλυψεν ἁμαρτίαν κομιοῦνται

Whoever takes his sister, by his father or by his mother, and sees her nakedness and she sees his nakedness, it is a disgrace; they shall be utterly destroyed before the sons of their kindred; he has uncovered his sister's nakedness, they shall bear their sin.

Case: incest with a sister (penalty: cutting-off, not stoning)ὃς ἐὰν λάβῃ τὴν ἀδελφὴν
Incest with a sister (whether by father or mother). The penalty shifts from θανάτῳ θανατούσθω to ἐξολεθρευθήσονται ('they shall be utterly destroyed/cut off') — the karet-type penalty executed publicly (ἐνώπιον υἱῶν γένους αὐτῶν). The act is ὄνειδος ('a disgrace'); ἁμαρτίαν κομιοῦνται ('they shall bear/receive their sin') is the sin-bearing formula (נָשָׂא עָוֹן).
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
ὃςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (subject of λάβῃ)→ participant referenceὅς: ὃς ἐάν ('whoever').
ἐὰνevermodal particle with subjunctive (indefinite relative)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν (= ἄν).
λάβῃtakesAor Act Subj 3 Sg · λαμβάνωverb of indefinite relative clause (the offense)→ aorist subjunctive (the actionable act)λαμβάνω: 'take (in marriage/sexually)'; see v.14; here taking one's sister.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφὴνsisterAccusativedirect object of λάβῃ→ object specificationἀδελφή: 'sister'; renders אָחוֹת; whether full or half-sister (by father or mother), intercourse is forbidden (cf. Lev 18:9).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ἐκby / frompreposition + genitive (source/parentage)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: here 'from, by (a parent)'; ἐκ πατρός / ἐκ μητρός denotes sibling-relation through father or mother (half- or full sister).
πατρὸςfatherGenitivegenitive of source (sister by the father)→ relational specificationπατήρ: a sister 'by the father' = paternal half-sister.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ordisjunctive conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκby / frompreposition + genitive (parentage, parallel)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (parentage, parallel).
μητρὸςmotherGenitivegenitive of source (sister by the mother)→ relational specificationμήτηρ: a sister 'by the mother' = maternal half-sister.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴδῃseesAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ὁράωverb of relative clause (the offense, euphemistic)→ aorist subjunctive (the actionable act)ὁράω (aor. subj. ἴδῃ): 'see'; ἰδεῖν τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην ('see the nakedness') is a euphemism for sexual relations, rendering רָאָה עֶרְוָה; a variant of the ἀποκαλύπτω idiom.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσχημοσύνηνnakednessAccusativedirect object of ἴδῃ→ object specificationἀσχημοσύνη: 'nakedness, shame'; see v.11.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὕτηsheNominativesubject of second ἴδῃ (the sister)→ participant referenceοὗτος (fem. αὕτη): 'she, this one'; the demonstrative as emphatic subject — the sister is a culpable participant, hence the plural penalty.
ἴδῃseesAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ὁράωverb of relative clause (mutual offense)→ aorist subjunctive (the actionable act)ὁράω: the mutual seeing makes both parties culpable, grounding the plural ἐξολεθρευθήσονται.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσχημοσύνηνnakednessAccusativedirect object of second ἴδῃ→ object specificationἀσχημοσύνη: see v.11.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὄνειδόςa disgrace / reproachNominativepredicate nominative (with ἐστιν)→ participant prominenceὄνειδος: 'reproach, disgrace, shame'; renders חֶסֶד here in its rarer pejorative sense ('shameful thing') or חֶרְפָּה; classes the incest as a public disgrace.
ἐστινit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (with predicate ὄνειδος)→ declarative present (characterization of the act)εἰμί: the copula characterizing the offense.
ἐξολεθρευθήσονταιthey shall be utterly destroyedFut Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἐξολεθρεύωmain verb of apodosis (the cutting-off penalty)→ predictive future passive (divine/communal extirpation)ἐξολεθρεύω: 'destroy utterly, extirpate, cut off'; renders the karet verb הִכָּרֵת (Niphal of כרת) / נִכְרַת; the strongest LXX verb for excision from the community; the passive leaves the agent open (God or the assembly); recurs at v.18.
ἐνώπιονbefore / in the sight ofimproper preposition + genitive (public setting)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before, in the presence of'; renders לְעֵינֵי ('before the eyes of'); the destruction is public, a deterrent witnessed by the community.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; υἱῶν γένους αὐτῶν ('the sons of their kindred/people') = the members of their community who witness the penalty.
γένουςkindred / raceGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying υἱῶν)→ relational specificationγένος: 'race, kindred, people, family'; renders עַם; the wider kin-community before whom the offenders are publicly cut off.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἀσχημοσύνηνnakednessAccusativedirect object of ἀπεκάλυψεν (motive-clause)→ object specificationἀσχημοσύνη: the restated offense grounding the penalty; see v.11.
ἀδελφῆςof a sisterGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying ἀσχημοσύνην)→ relational specificationἀδελφή: 'sister'; 'his sister's nakedness.'
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἀπεκάλυψενhe has uncoveredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκαλύπτωverb of motive-clause (grounding the penalty)→ constative aorist (the committed offense)ἀποκαλύπτω: 'uncover'; with ἀσχημοσύνην the fixed incest idiom; see v.11.
ἁμαρτίανsinAccusativedirect object of κομιοῦνται→ object specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin, guilt'; renders עָוֹן ('iniquity, guilt'); the object of the sin-bearing formula — they will carry the consequences of their guilt.
κομιοῦνταιthey shall bear / receiveFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · κομίζωmain verb (sin-bearing formula)→ predictive future middle (they will receive the due of their guilt)κομίζω (mid. 'carry off, receive, bear'): ἁμαρτίαν κομιοῦνται renders the formula נָשָׂא עָוֹן ('bear one's iniquity') — the offenders will carry/receive the penalty due their sin; the middle stresses receiving for themselves what is owed.
18

καὶ ἀνήρ ὃς ἂν κοιμηθῇ μετὰ γυναικὸς ἀποκαθημένης καὶ ἀποκαλύψῃ τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην αὐτῆς τὴν πηγὴν αὐτῆς ἀπεκάλυψεν καὶ αὕτη ἀπεκάλυψεν τὴν ῥύσιν τοῦ αἵματος αὐτῆς ἐξολεθρευθήσονται ἀμφότεροι ἐκ τοῦ γένους αὐτῶν

And a man who lies with a woman who is menstruating and uncovers her nakedness—he has uncovered her fountain, and she has uncovered the flow of her blood; they shall both be utterly destroyed from their kindred.

Case: intercourse during menstruation (penalty: cutting-off)καὶ ἀνήρ ὃς ἂν κοιμηθῇ
Intercourse with a menstruating woman (γυνὴ ἀποκαθημένη, 'a woman set apart/secluded'). The doubled idiom — he uncovers 'her fountain' (τὴν πηγήν), she uncovers 'the flow of her blood' (τὴν ῥύσιν τοῦ αἵματος) — makes both culpable. The penalty is again the cutting-off (ἐξολεθρευθήσονται ἀμφότεροι ἐκ τοῦ γένους αὐτῶν), not death by execution.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνήρa manNominativenominative (general subject, with relative)→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man, husband'; renders אִישׁ; the general male subject of the case.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of κοιμηθῇ)→ participant referenceὅς: ὃς ἂν + subjunctive.
ἂνevermodal particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν.
κοιμηθῇliesAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · κοιμάωverb of relative clause (the offense)→ aorist (deponent) subjunctive (the actionable act)κοιμάω: 'lie with'; see v.11.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (euphemistic)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (euphemistic).
γυναικὸςa womanGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationγυνή: 'woman'; here a menstruant.
ἀποκαθημένηςmenstruating / set apartPres Mid/Pass Ptcp Gen Fem Sg · ἀποκάθημαιattributive participle (modifying γυναικός)→ present participle (the state of menstrual seclusion)ἀποκάθημαι: 'sit apart, be in seclusion'; the participle γυνὴ ἀποκαθημένη ('a woman in separation') is the LXX euphemism for a menstruating woman (ritually 'set apart'), rendering נִדָּה / דָּוָה; cf. Lev 15:19–24; 18:19.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποκαλύψῃuncoversAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀποκαλύπτωverb of relative clause (the offense, paired with κοιμηθῇ)→ aorist subjunctive (the actionable act)ἀποκαλύπτω: 'uncover'; with ἀσχημοσύνην the incest/illicit-intercourse idiom; see v.11.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσχημοσύνηνnakednessAccusativedirect object of ἀποκαλύψῃ→ object specificationἀσχημοσύνη: see v.11.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πηγὴνfountain / sourceAccusativedirect object of ἀπεκάλυψεν (epexegetic restatement)→ object specificationπηγή: 'spring, fountain, source'; renders מָקוֹר ('source, fountain'), a euphemism for the source of menstrual blood; 'he has uncovered her fountain' restates the offense graphically.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἀπεκάλυψενhe has uncoveredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκαλύπτωverb of motive-clause (the man's act)→ constative aorist (the committed offense)ἀποκαλύπτω: the aorist indicative states the man's accomplished violation.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὕτηsheNominativesubject of ἀπεκάλυψεν (the woman)→ participant referenceοὗτος (fem. αὕτη): 'she'; the emphatic subject marks the woman as co-culpable.
ἀπεκάλυψενhas uncoveredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκαλύπτωverb of motive-clause (the woman's act)→ constative aorist (the committed offense)ἀποκαλύπτω: the woman likewise 'uncovers the flow of her blood' — her culpability grounds the plural penalty.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥύσινflow / issueAccusativedirect object of ἀπεκάλυψεν→ object specificationῥύσις: 'flow, issue, flux'; renders זוֹב / מָקוֹר; 'the flow of her blood' = the menstrual issue; the same noun describes the woman with the issue of blood at Mark 5:25 (ῥύσει αἵματος).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἵματοςbloodGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying ῥύσιν)→ relational specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; renders דָּם; the menstrual blood whose flow is the focus of the impurity-law.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐξολεθρευθήσονταιthey shall be utterly destroyedFut Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἐξολεθρεύωmain verb of apodosis (cutting-off penalty)→ predictive future passive (extirpation from the community)ἐξολεθρεύω: the karet penalty; see v.17.
ἀμφότεροιbothNominativesubject (apposition)→ participant prominenceἀμφότεροι: 'both'; see v.11.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γένουςkindredGenitivegenitive of separation ('from their kindred')→ relational specificationγένος: 'kindred, people'; the community from which they are cut off; see v.17.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
19

καὶ ἀσχημοσύνην ἀδελφῆς πατρός σου καὶ ἀδελφῆς μητρός σου οὐκ ἀποκαλύψεις τὴν γὰρ οἰκειότητα ἀπεκάλυψεν ἁμαρτίαν ἀποίσονται

And the nakedness of your father's sister and of your mother's sister you shall not uncover; for he has laid bare his own kin—they shall bear away their sin.

Apodictic prohibition: incest with aunt (direct second-person address)καὶ ἀσχημοσύνην … οὐκ ἀποκαλύψεις
A shift to apodictic second-person prohibition (οὐκ ἀποκαλύψεις, 'you shall not uncover') against intercourse with a paternal or maternal aunt. The motive-clause names the offense as uncovering one's οἰκειότης ('close kinship, blood-relation'); the sin-bearing formula returns (ἁμαρτίαν ἀποίσονται, with ἀποφέρω 'carry away').
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσχημοσύνηνnakednessAccusativedirect object of ἀποκαλύψεις (fronted)→ object specificationἀσχημοσύνη: see v.11; fronted before its verb for emphasis.
ἀδελφῆςof the sisterGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying ἀσχημοσύνην)→ relational specificationἀδελφή: 'sister'; ἀδελφῆς πατρός = 'father's sister' (paternal aunt).
πατρόςof your fatherGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying ἀδελφῆς)→ relational specificationπατήρ: the father whose sister is the forbidden aunt.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (2nd person sg., direct address)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. σου): 'your'; the second-person address marks the apodictic prohibition addressed directly to the individual Israelite.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀδελφῆςof the sisterGenitivegenitive of relationship (parallel: maternal aunt)→ relational specificationἀδελφή: ἀδελφῆς μητρός = 'mother's sister' (maternal aunt).
μητρόςof your motherGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying ἀδελφῆς)→ relational specificationμήτηρ: the mother whose sister is the forbidden aunt.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (2nd person sg.)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (2nd person sg.).
οὐκnotnegative particle (with future of prohibition)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: the negative with the indicative future of apodictic prohibition ('you shall not').
ἀποκαλύψειςyou shall uncoverFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀποκαλύπτωmain verb (apodictic prohibition: οὐκ + future)→ prohibitive future (apodictic command)ἀποκαλύπτω: 'uncover'; οὐκ ἀποκαλύψεις ('you shall not uncover') is the apodictic prohibition-form (rendering לֹא + imperfect), as in the Decalogue; here forbidding intercourse with an aunt (cf. Lev 18:12–13).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforcausal particle (post-positive, grounding the prohibition)→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: 'for'; introduces the rationale — such an act lays bare one's own blood-kin.
οἰκειότηταclose kinship / blood-relationAccusativedirect object of ἀπεκάλυψεν→ object specificationοἰκειότης: 'kinship, family-relationship, intimacy of blood'; renders שְׁאֵר ('flesh, blood-relation'); the term construes the aunt as one's near kin, so that the act 'lays bare' the family bond itself; cf. 18:6 (οἰκεῖα σαρκός).
ἀπεκάλυψενhe has laid bare / uncoveredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκαλύπτωverb of causal clause (the offense, 3rd person)→ constative aorist (the committed offense)ἀποκαλύπτω: the shift to third-person aorist ('he has uncovered') generalizes from the second-person prohibition to the offender's deed; renders the violated blood-kinship.
ἁμαρτίανsinAccusativedirect object of ἀποίσονται→ object specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin, guilt'; renders עָוֹן; the object of the sin-bearing formula; see v.17.
ἀποίσονταιthey shall bear awayFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἀποφέρωmain verb (sin-bearing formula)→ predictive future middle (they will carry off the guilt's due)ἀποφέρω (mid. 'carry away for oneself'): ἁμαρτίαν ἀποίσονται renders נָשָׂא עָוֹן ('bear iniquity'); a synonym of κομιοῦνται (v.17); the offenders will carry the penalty of their guilt; the plural implicates both parties.
20

ὃς ἂν κοιμηθῇ μετὰ τῆς συγγενοῦς αὐτοῦ ἀσχημοσύνην τῆς συγγενείας αὐτοῦ ἀπεκάλυψεν ἄτεκνοι ἀποθανοῦνται

Whoever lies with his kinswoman has uncovered the nakedness of his kindred; they shall die childless.

Case: incest with a kinswoman (penalty: childlessness)ὃς ἂν κοιμηθῇ μετὰ τῆς συγγενοῦς
Intercourse with a near kinswoman (συγγενής, the uncle's wife in the Hebrew, Lev 18:14). The distinctive penalty is ἄτεκνοι ἀποθανοῦνται ('they shall die childless') — not execution but a curse of barrenness cutting off the offender's line, a fitting reversal for an offense against family order; repeated in v.21.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὃςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (subject of κοιμηθῇ)→ participant referenceὅς: ὃς ἂν + subjunctive.
ἂνevermodal particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν.
κοιμηθῇliesAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · κοιμάωverb of relative clause (the offense)→ aorist (deponent) subjunctive (the actionable act)κοιμάω: 'lie with'; see v.11.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (euphemistic)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (euphemistic).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συγγενοῦςkinswomanGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationσυγγενής: 'kinsman/kinswoman, relative'; here the female near-relative (in MT the uncle's wife, Lev 18:14); intercourse with her dishonors the kinship-bond.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ἀσχημοσύνηνnakednessAccusativedirect object of ἀπεκάλυψεν→ object specificationἀσχημοσύνη: see v.11.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συγγενείαςkindredGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying ἀσχημοσύνην)→ relational specificationσυγγένεια: 'kinship, family'; 'the nakedness of his kindred' — the act violates the blood-relation itself (cf. συγγένεια at v.5).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἀπεκάλυψενhe has uncoveredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκαλύπτωverb of motive-clause (the offense)→ constative aorist (the committed offense)ἀποκαλύπτω: see v.11.
ἄτεκνοιchildlessNominativepredicate adjective (with ἀποθανοῦνται)→ participant prominenceἄτεκνος: 'childless, without offspring'; renders עֲרִירִי; the penalty of dying without progeny — a curse cutting off the offender's name and line; the proleptic adjective ('childless they shall die').
ἀποθανοῦνταιthey shall dieFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (the penalty)→ predictive future (the divinely-imposed fate)ἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; ἄτεκνοι ἀποθανοῦνται ('they shall die childless') is a penalty of divine providence rather than judicial execution — the line is extinguished; repeated at v.21.
21

ὃς ἂν λάβῃ τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ ἀκαθαρσία ἐστίν ἀσχημοσύνην τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ ἀπεκάλυψεν ἄτεκνοι ἀποθανοῦνται

Whoever takes his brother's wife, it is uncleanness; he has uncovered his brother's nakedness; they shall die childless.

Case: incest with brother's wife (penalty: childlessness)ὃς ἂν λάβῃ τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ
Taking the brother's wife — labelled ἀκαθαρσία ('uncleanness') — uncovers the brother's nakedness; the penalty is again ἄτεκνοι ἀποθανοῦνται ('they shall die childless'). This prohibition stands in tension with the levirate duty (Deut 25:5) and forms the legal background of John the Baptist's rebuke of Herod (Mark 6:18).
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ὃςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (subject of λάβῃ)→ participant referenceὅς: ὃς ἂν + subjunctive.
ἂνevermodal particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν.
λάβῃtakesAor Act Subj 3 Sg · λαμβάνωverb of relative clause (the offense)→ aorist subjunctive (the actionable act)λαμβάνω: 'take (in marriage)'; see v.14.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκαwifeAccusativedirect object of λάβῃ→ object specificationγυνή: 'wife'; the brother's wife (sister-in-law).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφοῦbrotherGenitivegenitive of possession ('his brother's wife')→ relational specificationἀδελφός: 'brother'; renders אָח; the offense violates the brother's marriage (cf. Lev 18:16).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἀκαθαρσίαuncleannessNominativepredicate nominative (with ἐστίν)→ participant prominenceἀκαθαρσία: 'uncleanness, impurity'; renders נִדָּה ('impurity') / טֻמְאָה; classes the act as ritually defiling; the term recurs in v.25 (τῶν ἀκαθάρτων) and the climactic ἐν ἀκαθαρσίᾳ.
ἐστίνit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (with predicate ἀκαθαρσία)→ declarative present (characterization of the act)εἰμί: the copula classifying the offense as uncleanness.
ἀσχημοσύνηνnakednessAccusativedirect object of ἀπεκάλυψεν→ object specificationἀσχημοσύνη: see v.11.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφοῦbrotherGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying ἀσχημοσύνην)→ relational specificationἀδελφός: 'the brother's nakedness' — the marriage belongs to the brother, so the act exposes him.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἀπεκάλυψενhe has uncoveredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκαλύπτωverb of motive-clause (the offense)→ constative aorist (the committed offense)ἀποκαλύπτω: see v.11.
ἄτεκνοιchildlessNominativepredicate adjective (with ἀποθανοῦνται)→ participant prominenceἄτεκνος: 'childless'; the penalty of dying without offspring; see v.20.
ἀποθανοῦνταιthey shall dieFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (the penalty)→ predictive future (the divinely-imposed fate)ἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; ἄτεκνοι ἀποθανοῦνται; see v.20.
22

καὶ φυλάξασθε πάντα τὰ προστάγματά μου καὶ τὰ κρίματά μου καὶ ποιήσετε αὐτά καὶ οὐ μὴ προσοχθίσῃ ὑμῖν ἡ γῆ εἰς ἣν ἐγὼ εἰσάγω ὑμᾶς ἐκεῖ κατοικεῖν ἐπ᾿ αὐτῆς

And you shall keep all my ordinances and my judgments and do them, and the land into which I am bringing you to dwell upon it shall by no means be disgusted with you.

Holiness rationale begins: obedience and the land's responseκαὶ φυλάξασθε
The second and climactic holiness-hinge opens. The keep-and-do formula returns (φυλάξασθε … ποιήσετε, cf. v.8), now expanded to 'all my ordinances and my judgments' (προστάγματα … κρίματα). The emphatic οὐ μὴ προσοχθίσῃ ('it shall by no means loathe you') warns that the land itself will 'vomit out' (cf. 18:25, 28) inhabitants who defile it — the land is a moral agent in the Holiness Code.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φυλάξασθεkeepAor Mid Impv 2 Pl · φυλάσσωmain verb (aorist imperative)→ ingressive aorist imperative (decisive covenantal command)φυλάσσω: 'guard, keep, observe'; the aorist middle imperative φυλάξασθε ('keep!') here, contrasted with the future φυλάξεσθε of v.8, presents the keeping as a decisive obligation; renders שָׁמַר.
πάνταallAccusativeadjective (modifying προστάγματα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the comprehensive scope — every ordinance and judgment.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προστάγματάordinancesAccusativedirect object of φυλάξασθε→ object specificationπρόσταγμα: 'ordinance, statute'; renders חֻקָּה; see v.8; paired here with κρίματα.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίματάjudgmentsAccusativedirect object of φυλάξασθε (paired with προστάγματα)→ object specificationκρίμα: 'judgment, ordinance, legal decision'; renders מִשְׁפָּט; the case-laws/judicial precepts, paired with the πρόσταγμα-statutes to express the whole body of covenant law.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσετεyou shall doFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (imperatival future, completing keep-and-do)→ imperatival future (covenantal command)ποιέω: 'do'; the keep-and-do pairing; see v.8.
αὐτάthemAccusativedirect object of ποιήσετε→ participant referenceαὐτός (neut. pl.): the ordinances and judgments.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing result)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotnegative particle (with μή, emphatic denial)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ μή: the doubled negative with the aorist subjunctive expresses emphatic denial ('by no means').
μὴnotnegative particle (with οὐ, emphatic)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: see οὐ above; the οὐ μή construction.
προσοχθίσῃbe disgusted / loatheAor Act Subj 3 Sg · προσοχθίζωmain verb (result clause, with οὐ μή)→ emphatic aorist subjunctive (strong denial of the land's loathing)προσοχθίζω: 'be vexed/disgusted with, loathe'; renders קוּא ('vomit') / קוּץ; in 18:25, 28 the land 'vomits out' (ἐξεμέσῃ) its defilers; here the milder προσοχθίζω ('loathe') warns the same — if Israel keeps the law, the land will not be disgusted with them and expel them; cf. Heb 3:10 (προσώχθισα) of God loathing the wilderness generation.
ὑμῖνwith you / at youDativedative complement of προσοχθίσῃ ('be disgusted at you')→ participant reference or interestthe dative marks the object of the land's loathing ('disgusted with you').
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandNominativesubject of προσοχθίσῃ→ participant prominenceγῆ: 'land'; renders אֶרֶץ; the promised land personified as morally responsive — it 'loathes' and expels defilers; the holiness of the land is bound to the holiness of its people.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction, with relative)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction, with relative).
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of εἰς; antecedent γῆ)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun, 'into which.'
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic) of εἰσάγω→ participant referenceἐγώ: the emphatic divine subject — YHWH is the one who brings Israel into the land; the gift of land is grounded in his action.
εἰσάγωI am bringing inPres Act Indic 1 Sg · εἰσάγωverb of relative clause (the divine leading)→ futuristic/progressive present (the imminent settlement)εἰσάγω: 'bring in, lead into'; renders הֵבִיא; the present tense presents the conquest/settlement as in progress or imminent — YHWH himself leads Israel into Canaan.
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object of εἰσάγω→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of εἰσάγω.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (resumptive, Hebraistic)→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; the resumptive adverb after the relative (εἰς ἣν … ἐκεῖ) is a Hebraism rendering the resumptive שָׁם ('whither … there').
κατοικεῖνto dwellPres Act Inf · κατοικέωinfinitive of purpose (with εἰσάγω: 'bring you to dwell')→ present infinitive (purpose: settled dwelling)κατοικέω: 'dwell, settle, inhabit'; renders יָשַׁב; the purpose of the in-bringing is permanent settlement in the land.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location).
αὐτῆςitGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the land)→ relational specificationαὐτός: refers to ἡ γῆ ('the land').
23

καὶ οὐχὶ πορεύεσθε τοῖς νομίμοις τῶν ἐθνῶν οὓς ἐξαποστέλλω ἀφ᾿ ὑμῶν ὅτι ταῦτα πάντα ἐποίησαν καὶ ἐβδελυξάμην αὐτούς

And you shall not walk in the customs of the nations whom I am driving out from before you; for they did all these things, and I abhorred them.

Prohibition: do not imitate the expelled nationsκαὶ οὐχὶ πορεύεσθε
The prohibition against assimilation: Israel must not 'walk in the customs' (πορεύεσθε τοῖς νομίμοις) of the Canaanite nations YHWH is dispossessing. The causal ὅτι-clause grounds the expulsion: 'they did all these things' (the offenses of vv.10–21), and YHWH 'abhorred them' (ἐβδελυξάμην, cognate with βδέλυγμα, v.13) — the nations' moral defilement is the reason for their displacement.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχὶnotemphatic negative particle (with prohibitive present)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχί: emphatic form of οὐ ('not at all'); negates the present imperatival πορεύεσθε.
πορεύεσθεwalk / you shall walkPres Mid Impv 2 Pl · πορεύομαιmain verb (prohibition: do not walk)→ prohibitive present imperative (cease/refrain from walking)πορεύομαι: 'go, walk, conduct oneself'; πορεύεσθαι τοῖς νομίμοις ('walk in the customs') renders הָלַךְ בְּחֻקּוֹת, the metaphor for adopting a manner of life; the present prohibition forbids ongoing imitation of pagan ways. (The form may also be read as indicative with prohibitive force.)
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νομίμοιςcustoms / statutesDativedative complement of πορεύεσθε ('walk in/by the customs')→ sphere or referenceνόμιμον: 'custom, ordinance, lawful usage'; renders חֻקָּה; here the (corrupt) practices of the nations; the dative of manner/rule by which one walks.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐθνῶνnationsGenitivegenitive of possession (the nations' customs)→ relational specificationἔθνος: 'nation, Gentile'; renders גּוֹי; the Canaanite peoples whose practices Israel must shun; τὰ ἔθνη becomes the standard term for the Gentiles, set over against the holy people (cf. v.24, 26).
οὓςwhomAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐξαποστέλλω; antecedent ἐθνῶν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun (masc. acc. pl., by sense agreement with the peoples), 'whom.'
ἐξαποστέλλωI drive out / send awayPres Act Indic 1 Sg · ἐξαποστέλλωverb of relative clause (the dispossession)→ futuristic/progressive present (the imminent expulsion)ἐξαποστέλλω: 'send away, expel, drive out'; renders שִׁלַּח / גָּרַשׁ; the intensive compound; YHWH himself dispossesses the nations to give Israel the land; the present tense renders the expulsion as in progress.
ἀφ᾿frompreposition + genitive (separation: 'from before you')→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; ἀφ᾿ ὑμῶν ('from before you') renders מִפְּנֵיכֶם.
ὑμῶνyouGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἀπό.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction (grounding the expulsion)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; introduces the reason for the nations' dispossession — their defiling practices.
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησαν (the offenses)→ object specificationοὗτος: 'these (things)'; refers back to the offenses catalogued in vv.10–21 — the nations practiced them all.
πάνταallAccusativeadjective (modifying ταῦτα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; emphasizing the comprehensiveness of the nations' guilt.
ἐποίησανthey didAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωverb of causal clause→ constative aorist (the nations' established practice)ποιέω: 'do'; the aorist states the nations' habitual practice of the abominations as accomplished fact, grounding YHWH's revulsion.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβδελυξάμηνI abhorredAor Mid Indic 1 Sg · βδελύσσομαιmain verb (divine revulsion)→ constative aorist (YHWH's settled abhorrence)βδελύσσομαι: 'abhor, loathe, detest'; cognate with βδέλυγμα (v.13); renders קוּץ ('feel disgust'); YHWH's abhorrence of the nations because of their abominations is the moral ground of the conquest — Israel must not provoke the same revulsion.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object of ἐβδελυξάμην (the nations)→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐβδελυξάμην (the nations).
24

καὶ εἶπα ὑμῖν ὑμεῖς κληρονομήσατε τὴν γῆν αὐτῶν καὶ ἐγὼ δώσω ὑμῖν αὐτὴν ἐν κτήσει γῆν ῥέουσαν γάλα καὶ μέλι ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν ὃς διώρισα ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν

And I said to you, You shall inherit their land, and I will give it to you as a possession, a land flowing with milk and honey. I am the LORD your God, who has separated you from all the nations.

Promise of the land grounded in election (διώρισα)καὶ εἶπα ὑμῖν
YHWH recalls the land-promise: Israel will inherit (κληρονομήσατε) the land given ἐν κτήσει ('as a possession'), the classic γῆν ῥέουσαν γάλα καὶ μέλι ('flowing with milk and honey'). The self-predication ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν is qualified by the election-clause ὃς διώρισα ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν ('who separated you from all the nations') — the διορίζω/ἀφορίζω vocabulary of election that climaxes in v.26.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπαI saidAor Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb (recalling the prior promise)→ constative aorist (the established divine word)λέγω (aor. εἶπα, Hellenistic first-aorist form): 'I said'; YHWH recalls his prior land-promise to the patriarchs/Israel; the first-aorist εἶπα (for classical εἶπον) is characteristic of Koine and the LXX.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative indirect object of εἶπα→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object of εἶπα.
ὑμεῖςyouNominativesubject (emphatic 2nd person plural)→ participant referenceσύ (pl. ὑμεῖς): the emphatic 'you (yourselves)' stresses that Israel — in contrast to the dispossessed nations — are the heirs of the land.
κληρονομήσατεinherit / you shall inheritAor Act Impv 2 Pl · κληρονομέωmain verb (aorist imperative, content of the promise)→ ingressive aorist imperative (take possession!)κληρονομέω: 'inherit, take possession of'; renders יָרַשׁ; the imperative κληρονομήσατε ('inherit/take possession of') conveys both gift and mandate — Israel is to take the land YHWH grants; the inheritance-language frames the land as covenant patrimony (cf. κληρονομία, the NT inheritance motif).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of κληρονομήσατε→ object specificationγῆ: 'land'; the land of the nations now given to Israel.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the nations')→ relational specificationαὐτός: refers to the ἔθνη of v.23 — the dispossessed nations whose land passes to Israel.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic) of δώσω→ participant referenceἐγώ: the emphatic divine giver — the land is YHWH's gift, not Israel's achievement.
δώσωI will giveFut Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (divine promise)→ predictive future (the certain divine gift)δίδωμι: 'give'; renders נָתַן; the land is YHWH's gift ἐν κτήσει ('for a possession'); the promise echoes Gen 12:7; 17:8; Exod 6:8.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative indirect object of δώσω→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object of δώσω.
αὐτὴνitAccusativedirect object of δώσω (the land)→ participant referenceαὐτός: the land.
ἐνas / forpreposition + dative (Hebraistic 'as a possession')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dative: here Hebraistic, 'as/for (a possession)', rendering לְ of product/result.
κτήσειa possessionDativedative (predicative: 'as a possession')→ sphere or referenceκτῆσις: 'possession, acquisition'; renders אֲחֻזָּה / מוֹרָשָׁה; ἐν κτήσει ('for a possession') marks the land as Israel's permanent, inalienable holding.
γῆνa landAccusativeaccusative in apposition to αὐτήν→ object specificationγῆ: 'land'; in apposition, qualified by the classic description that follows.
ῥέουσανflowingPres Act Ptcp Acc Fem Sg · ῥέωattributive participle (modifying γῆν)→ present participle (the land's abiding fertility)ῥέω: 'flow'; γῆν ῥέουσαν γάλα καὶ μέλι renders אֶרֶץ זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָשׁ ('a land flowing with milk and honey'), the stock description of Canaan's fertility (Exod 3:8; Num 13:27); the accusatives γάλα and μέλι are accusatives of content/respect.
γάλαmilkAccusativeaccusative of content (with ῥέουσαν)→ object specificationγάλα: 'milk'; renders חָלָב; with μέλι the proverbial image of agricultural and pastoral abundance.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μέλιhoneyAccusativeaccusative of content (with ῥέουσαν)→ object specificationμέλι: 'honey'; renders דְּבַשׁ; completes the 'milk and honey' merism for the land's bounty.
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic, verbless self-predication)→ participant referenceἐγώ: the divine self-reference in the formula ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject in apposition to ἐγώ→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
theNominativearticle (with θεός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativenoun in apposition ('the LORD your God')→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν grounds the gift in the covenant relationship.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of διώρισα; antecedent κύριος)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun introducing the election-clause that defines YHWH as the one who separated Israel.
διώρισαI separatedAor Act Indic 1 Sg · διορίζωverb of relative clause (the act of election)→ constative aorist (the accomplished election)διορίζω: 'separate, set apart by a boundary, distinguish'; renders הִבְדִּיל ('separate, divide'); a near-synonym of ἀφορίζω (vv.25, 26); the divine 'separating' of Israel from the nations is the act of election — Israel's holiness is constituted by being set apart unto YHWH (cf. 1 Pet 2:9; Titus 2:14).
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object of διώρισα→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of διώρισα.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation).
πάντωνallGenitiveadjective (modifying ἐθνῶν)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the separation is from all the nations without exception — Israel's distinctness is total.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐθνῶνnationsGenitivegenitive of separation ('from all the nations')→ relational specificationἔθνος: 'nation'; the Gentiles from whom Israel is separated by election; the antithesis 'Israel / the nations' is the structural axis of vv.23–26.
25

καὶ ἀφοριεῖτε αὐτοὺς ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν κτηνῶν τῶν καθαρῶν καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν κτηνῶν τῶν ἀκαθάρτων καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν πετεινῶν τῶν καθαρῶν καὶ τῶν ἀκαθάρτων καὶ οὐ βδελύξετε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν ἐν τοῖς κτήνεσιν καὶ ἐν τοῖς πετεινοῖς καὶ ἐν πᾶσιν τοῖς ἑρπετοῖς τῆς γῆς ἃ ἐγὼ ἀφώρισα ὑμῖν ἐν ἀκαθαρσίᾳ

And you shall make a distinction between the clean cattle and the unclean, and between the clean birds and the unclean; and you shall not make your souls abominable by the cattle or by the birds or by any of the creeping things of the land, which I have set apart for you in uncleanness.

Holiness applied to diet: separating clean from unclean (mirror of v.24)καὶ ἀφοριεῖτε
Israel's election-by-separation (διώρισα, v.24) is now mirrored in its dietary discipline: just as YHWH separated Israel from the nations, Israel must separate (ἀφοριεῖτε) clean from unclean animals. The same root ἀφορίζω binds the two senses. The ἀνὰ μέσον … ἀνὰ μέσον construction ('between … and between') is a Hebraism (בֵּין … וּבֵין). βδελύσσομαι ('make abominable') recalls v.23: Israel must not become loathsome through unclean food.
Word-by-word analysis· 52 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφοριεῖτεyou shall make a distinction / separateFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ἀφορίζωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival future (covenantal command to distinguish)ἀφορίζω: 'separate, set apart, distinguish'; renders הִבְדִּיל; the same verb describes both Israel's election (v.26, ὁ ἀφορίσας) and the dietary separation here — Israel's separateness must be enacted in its discernment between clean and unclean (cf. 11:47); the future has legislative force.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of ἀφοριεῖτε (the animals to be distinguished)→ participant referenceαὐτός: the animals; Israel is to set them apart by category (clean/unclean).
ἀνὰbetween (up through)preposition (with μέσον, distributive: 'between')→ spatial or relational framingἀνά: in the phrase ἀνὰ μέσον ('in the midst of, between'); ἀνὰ μέσον … καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον renders בֵּין … וּבֵין ('between … and between'), the Hebraism for distinguishing two categories.
μέσονmidstAccusativeaccusative (in the prepositional phrase ἀνὰ μέσον)→ spatial or relational framingμέσος: 'middle, midst'; ἀνὰ μέσον = 'between'; the distinguishing-line drawn between clean and unclean.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτηνῶνcattle / animalsGenitivegenitive (with ἀνὰ μέσον: 'between the cattle')→ relational specificationκτῆνος: 'beast, domestic animal'; renders בְּהֵמָה; the four-footed beasts, divided into clean and unclean (cf. Lev 11:1–8).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (attributive)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καθαρῶνcleanGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying κτηνῶν)→ relational specificationκαθαρός: 'clean, pure'; renders טָהוֹר; the ritually permitted animals; the clean/unclean distinction enacts Israel's holiness in everyday life.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὰbetweenpreposition (with μέσον)→ spatial or relational framingἀνά: see above.
μέσονmidstAccusativeaccusative (in ἀνὰ μέσον)→ object specificationμέσος: see above.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτηνῶνcattleGenitivegenitive (with ἀνὰ μέσον)→ relational specificationκτῆνος: see above.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (attributive)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκαθάρτωνuncleanGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying κτηνῶν)→ relational specificationἀκάθαρτος: 'unclean, impure'; renders טָמֵא; the ritually forbidden animals; the antonym of καθαρός; the same root as ἀκαθαρσία (vv.21, 25b).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὰbetweenpreposition (with μέσον)→ spatial or relational framingἀνά: see above.
μέσονmidstAccusativeaccusative (in ἀνὰ μέσον)→ object specificationμέσος: see above.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πετεινῶνbirdsGenitivegenitive (with ἀνὰ μέσον: 'between the birds')→ relational specificationπετεινόν: 'bird, winged creature'; renders עוֹף; the flying creatures, likewise divided clean/unclean (Lev 11:13–19).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (attributive)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καθαρῶνcleanGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying πετεινῶν)→ relational specificationκαθαρός: see above.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (attributive)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκαθάρτωνuncleanGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying πετεινῶν, elliptical)→ relational specificationἀκάθαρτος: see above; the unclean birds.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing prohibition)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotnegative particle (with future of prohibition)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: the negative with the prohibitive future βδελύξετε.
βδελύξετεyou shall make abominableFut Act Indic 2 Pl · βδελύσσωmain verb (prohibition: οὐ + future)→ prohibitive future (apodictic command)βδελύσσω (act.): 'make abominable, render detestable'; cognate with βδέλυγμα (v.13) and ἐβδελυξάμην (v.23); οὐ βδελύξετε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν ('you shall not make your souls/selves abominable') renders שָׁקַץ; eating unclean creatures defiles the person, making him loathsome — the dietary law guards the holiness of the worshipper.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὰςsouls / selvesAccusativedirect object of βδελύξετε→ object specificationψυχή: 'soul, self, life'; renders נֶפֶשׁ; here reflexive ('yourselves'); the whole person is rendered abominable by contact with the unclean.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐνbypreposition + dative (instrumental/means, Hebraistic)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dative: instrumental 'by/with' (the unclean creatures), Hebraistic (בְּ).
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτήνεσινcattleDativedative of means (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceκτῆνος: see above; the means of defilement.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνbypreposition + dative (instrumental)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrumental).
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πετεινοῖςbirdsDativedative of means (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceπετεινόν: see above.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνbypreposition + dative (instrumental)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrumental).
πᾶσινallDativeadjective (modifying ἑρπετοῖς)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: 'all'; every creeping thing is comprehended.
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑρπετοῖςcreeping thingsDativedative of means (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceἑρπετόν: 'creeping thing, reptile, swarming creature'; renders רֶמֶשׂ / שֶׁרֶץ; the swarming creatures, generally unclean (Lev 11:29–43).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςland / earthGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying ἑρπετοῖς)→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land, earth'; the creeping things of the ground.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἀφώρισα; antecedent the creatures)→ participant referenceὅς (neut. pl. ἅ): relative pronoun, 'which (things).'
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic) of ἀφώρισα→ participant referenceἐγώ: the emphatic divine subject — it is YHWH who has designated these creatures unclean.
ἀφώρισαI have set apartAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀφορίζωverb of relative clause (divine designation)→ constative aorist (the accomplished designation)ἀφορίζω: 'set apart, mark off'; the same verb as ἀφοριεῖτε (the command) and ὁ ἀφορίσας (v.26, of Israel); here YHWH 'has set apart' the unclean creatures as off-limits — the dietary boundary mirrors and undergirds Israel's set-apart status; renders הִבְדִּיל.
ὑμῖνfor youDativedative of advantage/reference ('for you')→ participant reference or interestthe dative marks Israel as those for whom the distinction is set — the boundary is given for their sanctification.
ἐνin / aspreposition + dative (categorization: 'as unclean')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dative: here categorizing, 'in (the category of) uncleanness.'
ἀκαθαρσίᾳuncleannessDativedative (categorical: 'in uncleanness')→ sphere or referenceἀκαθαρσία: 'uncleanness, impurity'; renders טֻמְאָה; the creatures are set apart 'in/as uncleanness' — designated impure by divine decree; the word inclusio-links to v.21 (ἀκαθαρσία) and the ἀκάθαρτος of v.25a.
26

καὶ ἔσεσθέ μοι ἅγιοι ὅτι ἐγὼ ἅγιος κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν ὁ ἀφορίσας ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν εἶναι ἐμοί

And you shall be holy to me, because I, the LORD your God, am holy—the one who has separated you from all the nations to be mine.

Climactic election-formula: holiness grounded in divine separationκαὶ ἔσεσθέ μοι ἅγιοι
The dogmatic crux of the chapter. The holiness-refrain of v.7 returns, now intensified with μοι ('to me') and crowned by the election-clause ὁ ἀφορίσας ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν εἶναι ἐμοί ('who separated you from all the nations to be mine'). Holiness is defined as belonging exclusively to YHWH by his sovereign act of separation — the fountainhead of the NT 'holy nation / people for his own possession' theology (1 Pet 2:9; Titus 2:14; cf. Exod 19:5–6).
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσεσθέyou shall beFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (future with imperatival/declarative force)→ imperatival/declarative future (covenant identity)εἰμί (fut.): ἔσεσθέ μοι ἅγιοι ('you shall be holy to me') is both promise and command; the addition of μοι ('to/for me') over against v.7 stresses that Israel's holiness is a belonging-to-YHWH; cf. Exod 19:6 (ἔθνος ἅγιον).
μοιto meDativedative of advantage/possession ('holy to me')→ participant reference or interestthe dative μοι expresses the relational core of holiness — Israel is holy precisely as belonging to YHWH; renders the לִי ('to/for me') of the election-formula.
ἅγιοιholyNominativepredicate adjective (with ἔσεσθε)→ participant prominenceἅγιος: 'holy, set apart'; see v.7; here qualified by μοι and grounded in YHWH's separating act.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction (grounding the demand)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; the ground of Israel's holiness in YHWH's own holiness; cf. v.7.
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic, verbless self-predication)→ participant referenceἐγώ: the emphatic divine self-reference; ἐγὼ ἅγιος ('I am holy').
ἅγιοςholyNominativepredicate adjective (of YHWH, with implied copula)→ participant prominenceἅγιος: predicated of YHWH — the archetype of holiness from which Israel's derives.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject in apposition to ἐγώ→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
theNominativearticle (with θεός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativenoun in apposition ('the LORD your God')→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; the covenant-formula 'the LORD your God.'
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφορίσαςwho has separatedAor Act Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · ἀφορίζωsubstantivized participle in apposition ('the one who separated you')→ aorist participle (the accomplished act of election)ἀφορίζω: 'separate, set apart'; ὁ ἀφορίσας ὑμᾶς ('the one who has separated you') is the election-title of YHWH — parallel to ὁ ἁγιάζων ὑμᾶς (v.8); the aorist participle marks the decisive, completed act of setting Israel apart from the nations; the same root used of the dietary separation (v.25), binding ethnic election and cultic holiness; foundational for 1 Pet 2:9 (γένος ἐκλεκτόν … ἔθνος ἅγιον).
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object of ἀφορίσας→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἀφορίσας.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation).
πάντωνallGenitiveadjective (modifying ἐθνῶν)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the separation is from all nations, total and exclusive.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐθνῶνnationsGenitivegenitive of separation ('from all the nations')→ relational specificationἔθνος: 'nation'; the Gentiles from whom Israel is set apart; cf. v.24.
εἶναιto bePres Act Inf · εἰμίinfinitive of purpose (with ἀφορίσας: 'separated you to be mine')→ present infinitive (purpose of election: belonging)εἰμί (inf.): the purpose-infinitive εἶναι ἐμοί ('to be mine') states the goal of the separation — Israel is set apart in order to belong wholly to YHWH; the predicate-dative ἐμοί completes it; renders לִהְיוֹת לִי.
ἐμοίmine / to meDativepredicate dative of possession (with εἶναι: 'to be mine')→ participant reference or interestἐγώ (emphatic dat. ἐμοί): 'to/for me, mine'; the emphatic dative of possession — Israel exists to be YHWH's own peculiar possession (cf. λαὸς περιούσιος, Exod 19:5; Titus 2:14).
27

καὶ ἀνὴρ ἢ γυνή ὃς ἂν γένηται αὐτῶν ἐγγαστρίμυθος ἢ ἐπαοιδός θανάτῳ θανατούσθωσαν ἀμφότεροι λίθοις λιθοβολήσατε αὐτούς ἔνοχοί εἰσιν

And a man or a woman, whoever among them is a medium or an enchanter, let them be put to death by death; with stones you shall stone them—they are liable.

Closing capital case: mediums and enchanters (inclusio with v.6)καὶ ἀνὴρ ἢ γυνή
The chapter closes by returning to necromancy, forming an inclusio with v.6 (ἐγγαστρίμυθοι / ἐπαοιδοί). Whereas v.6 announced the divine cutting-off, v.27 prescribes the communal death-penalty by stoning (θανάτῳ θανατούσθωσαν … λίθοις λιθοβολήσατε αὐτούς), echoing the Molech-penalty of v.2 (ἐν λίθοις) and sealing the chapter with the blood-guilt formula ἔνοχοί εἰσιν.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὴρa manNominativenominative (general subject)→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man'; renders אִישׁ; both sexes are named — the necromancy-law binds men and women alike.
ordisjunctive conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γυνήa womanNominativenominative (general subject, parallel to ἀνήρ)→ participant prominenceγυνή: 'woman'; renders אִשָּׁה; the witch of Endor (1 Kgdms 28) exemplifies the female medium.
ὃςwhoeverNominativerelative pronoun (subject of γένηται)→ participant referenceὅς: ὃς ἂν + subjunctive ('whoever'); masculine by default though covering both ἀνήρ and γυνή.
ἂνevermodal particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν.
γένηταιbecomes / isAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · γίνομαιverb of relative clause (the offense)→ aorist (deponent) subjunctive (the actionable state)γίνομαι: 'become, be'; ὃς ἂν γένηται … ἐγγαστρίμυθος ('whoever becomes/is a medium') describes assuming the role of a necromancer; the offense is the practice itself, not merely consulting (cf. v.6).
αὐτῶνamong themGenitivepartitive genitive ('any of them')→ relational specificationαὐτός: partitive 'of/among them' (of the man or woman, i.e., 'whoever among them').
ἐγγαστρίμυθοςa mediumNominativepredicate nominative (with γένηται)→ participant prominenceἐγγαστρίμυθος: 'belly-talker, medium'; renders אוֹב; see v.6; here the practitioner himself, not merely the one who consults.
ordisjunctive conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπαοιδόςan enchanterNominativepredicate nominative (parallel to ἐγγαστρίμυθος)→ participant prominenceἐπαοιδός: 'enchanter, spell-chanter'; renders יִדְּעֹנִי; see v.6; the standard LXX dyad for forbidden necromancy.
θανάτῳby deathDativecognate dative (Hebraism)→ sphere or referenceθάνατος: the infinitive-absolute calque; see v.2.
θανατούσθωσανlet them be put to deathPres Pass Impv 3 Pl · θανατόωmain verb of apodosis (plural verdict)→ imperatival present passive (standing judicial sentence)θανατόω: see v.10; the plural covers the man or woman so condemned.
ἀμφότεροιbothNominativesubject (apposition: man and woman)→ participant prominenceἀμφότεροι: 'both'; here 'both' (the man and the woman of the protasis) are equally liable; see v.11.
λίθοιςwith stonesDativedative of instrument (with λιθοβολήσατε)→ sphere or referenceλίθος: 'stone'; renders אֶבֶן; the instrumental dative making explicit the mode of execution; echoes ἐν λίθοις (v.2).
λιθοβολήσατεstoneAor Act Impv 2 Pl · λιθοβολέωmain verb (aorist imperative: mode of execution)→ ingressive aorist imperative (communal execution command)λιθοβολέω: 'stone (to death)'; renders רָגַם / סָקַל; the second-person plural imperative commands the community to stone the offenders; the figura etymologica with λίθοις ('with stones stone them') intensifies, as in v.2.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object of λιθοβολήσατε→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of λιθοβολήσατε.
ἔνοχοίliableNominativepredicate adjective (with εἰσιν)→ participant prominenceἔνοχος: the blood-guilt formula sealing the chapter; see v.9.
εἰσινthey arePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula→ declarative present (legal status)εἰμί: the closing copula declaring the offenders' liability — 'their blood is upon them.'