1
καὶ σύ Βηθλεεμ οἶκος τοῦ Εφραθα ὀλιγοστὸς εἶ τοῦ εἶναι ἐν χιλιάσιν Ιουδα ἐκ σοῦ μοι ἐξελεύσεται τοῦ εἶναι εἰς ἄρχοντα ἐν τῷ Ισραηλ καὶ αἱ ἔξοδοι αὐτοῦ ἀπ' ἀρχῆς ἐξ ἡμερῶν αἰῶνος
And you, Bethlehem, house of Ephrathah, are few in number to be among the thousands of Judah; from you one shall come forth for me to be ruler in Israel, and his goings forth are from the beginning, from the days of the age.
The oracle begins by locating Israel's future ruler in insignificant Bethlehem while stressing the deep antiquity of his origin and mission.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σύyouRP NS · σύnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceσύ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ΒηθλεεμBethlehemN VS · Βηθλεεμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΒηθλεεμ: meaning 'Bethlehem'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕφραθαEphrathahN GS · Εφραθαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ edom judged and zion restored under the LordΕφραθα: meaning 'Ephrathah'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀλιγοστὸςfew in numberA1 NSM · ὀλιγοστόςnominative element functioning within the clause→ participant prominenceὀλιγοστός: meaning 'few in number'; it serves as nominative element functioning within the clause.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoing or immediateεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἶναιto beV9 PAN · εἰμίinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
χιλιάσινthousandsN3D DPF · χιλιάςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχιλιάς: meaning 'thousands'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐξελεύσεταιshall come forthVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verb (prophetic prediction)→ future middle verbal form projecting a coming actionἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'shall come forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (prophetic prediction).
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἶναιto beV9 PAN · εἰμίinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἄρχονταcommanderN3 ASM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἄρχων: meaning 'commander'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἔξοδοιgoings forthN2 NPF · ἔξοδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ inherited wisdom and guarded pathsἔξοδος: meaning 'goings forth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἀρχῆςbeginningN1 GSF · ἀρχήgenitive dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationἀρχή: meaning 'beginning'; it serves as genitive dependent within the phrase.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἡμερῶνdayN1A GPF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
αἰῶνοςage / foreverN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
2
διὰ τοῦτο δώσει αὐτοὺς ἕως καιροῦ τικτούσης τέξεται καὶ οἱ ἐπίλοιποι τῶν ἀδελφῶν αὐτῶν ἐπιστρέψουσιν ἐπὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς Ισραηλ
Therefore he shall give them up until the time when the woman in labor bears, and the rest of their brothers shall return to the sons of Israel.
A period of abandonment is measured out only until the travail-birth that ushers in regathering.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
δώσειgiveVF FAI3S · δίδωμιmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
καιροῦappointed timeN2 GSM · καιρόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependent→ relational specificationκαιρός: meaning 'appointed time'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a genitive dependent.
τικτούσηςher who bearsV1 · παπγσφ τίκτωsubstantival participle (genitive: 'of the woman who bears')→ gnomic/customary present participle (the typical case)παπγσφ τίκτω: meaning 'her who bears'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as substantival participle (genitive: 'of the woman who bears').
τέξεταιboreVF FMI3S · τίκτωverbal element advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementτίκτω: meaning 'bore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίλοιποιrestA1B NPM · ἐπίλοιποςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemἐπίλοιπος: meaning 'rest'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφῶνbrothersN2 GPM · ἀδελφόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἀδελφός: meaning 'brothers'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐπιστρέψουσινturned backVF FAI3P · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future force: points to action still aheadστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turned back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
3
καὶ στήσεται καὶ ὄψεται καὶ ποιμανεῖ τὸ ποίμνιον αὐτοῦ ἐν ἰσχύι κυρίου καὶ ἐν τῇ δόξῃ τοῦ ὀνόματος κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ αὐτῶν ὑπάρξουσιν διότι νῦν μεγαλυνθήσεται ἕως ἄκρων τῆς γῆς
And he shall stand and see and shepherd his flock in the strength of the Lord and in the glory of the name of the Lord their God; they shall remain, because now he shall be magnified to the ends of the earth.
The coming ruler's stable, God-empowered shepherding gives the flock security and extends his greatness universally.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στήσεταιstoodVF FMI3S · ἵστημιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'stood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄψεταιseeVF FMI3S · ὁράωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future middle verbal form projecting a coming actionὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιμανεῖwill shepherdVF2 FAI3S · ποιμαίνωverbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationποιμαίνω: meaning 'will shepherd'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποίμνιονflockN2N ASN · ποίμνιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationποίμνιον: meaning 'flock'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόξῃgloryN1S DSF · δόξαdative complement→ sphere or referenceδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as dative complement.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματοςnameN3M GSN · ὄνομαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὑπάρξουσινthey shall remainVF FAI3P · ἄρχω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ assertion or appealἄρχω + ὑπο: meaning 'they shall remain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse pivot to present applicationνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεγαλυνθήσεταιhe shall be magnifiedVC FPI3S · μεγαλύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμεγαλύνω: meaning 'he shall be magnified'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἄκρωνthe endsA1A GPM · ἄκροςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationἄκρος: meaning 'the ends'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
4
καὶ ἔσται αὕτη εἰρήνη ὅταν Ἀσσύριος ἐπέλθῃ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ὑμῶν καὶ ὅταν ἐπιβῇ ἐπὶ τὴν χώραν ὑμῶν καὶ ἐπεγερθήσονται ἐπ' αὐτὸν ἑπτὰ ποιμένες καὶ ὀκτὼ δήγματα ἀνθρώπων
And this one shall be peace when the Assyrian comes upon your land and when he steps upon your territory; then seven shepherds and eight bites of men shall be raised up against him.
The ruler himself is identified as peace, and his peace takes concrete form in a divinely raised defense against imperial intrusion.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιbeV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
εἰρήνηpeaceN1 NSF · εἰρήνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceεἰρήνη: meaning 'peace'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὅτανwhenD · ὅτανadverb or negative particle shaping the clause-level sense→ indefinite temporal contingencyὅταν: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἈσσύριοςAssyrionN2 NSM · Ἀσσύριοςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ bloody city exposed and irreversible ruinἈσσύριος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
ἐπέλθῃερχομαι + επιVB AAS3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist subjunctive form expressing a bounded prospective actionἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'ερχομαι + επι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅτανwhenD · ὅτανadverb or negative particle shaping the clause-level sense→ indefinite temporal contingencyὅταν: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιβῇsteps uponVZ AAS3S · βαίνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ crafted idols and moral corruptionβαίνω + ἐπι: meaning 'steps upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χώρανcountryN1A ASF · χώραaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ object specificationχώρα: meaning 'country'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεγερθήσονταιwill stir upVC FPI3P · ἐγείρω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureἐγείρω + ἐπι: meaning 'will stir up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάconnective or particle shaping the flow of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἑπτὰ: meaning 'seven'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιμένεςshepherdN3 NPM · ποιμήνnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant or thing named in the clauseποιμήν: meaning 'shepherd'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀκτὼeightM · ὀκτώlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastὀκτὼ: meaning 'eight'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
δήγματαbitesN3M NPN · δῆγμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδῆγμα: meaning 'bites'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνθρώπωνman / human beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
5
καὶ ποιμανοῦσιν τὸν Ασσουρ ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ καὶ τὴν γῆν τοῦ Νεβρωδ ἐν τῇ τάφρῳ αὐτῆς καὶ ῥύσεται ἐκ τοῦ Ασσουρ ὅταν ἐπέλθῃ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ὑμῶν καὶ ὅταν ἐπιβῇ ἐπὶ τὰ ὅρια ὑμῶν
And they shall shepherd Assyria with the sword and the land of Nimrod in its trench, and he shall rescue from Assyria when he comes upon your land and when he steps upon your borders.
The hostile empire is itself subdued, and the deliverer reverses the invasion at Israel's borders.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιμανοῦσινthey shall shepherdVF2 FAI3P · ποιμαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιμαίνω: meaning 'they shall shepherd'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN ASM · Ασσουρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΑσσουρ: meaning 'Assyria'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ῥομφαίᾳswordN1A DSF · ῥομφαίαcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΝεβρωδNimrodN GS · Νεβρωδadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΝεβρωδ: meaning 'Nimrod'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τάφρῳtrenchN2 DSF · τάφροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipientτάφρος: meaning 'trench'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥύσεταιrescueVF FMI3S · ῥύομαιmain or subordinate verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardῥύομαι: meaning 'rescue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main or subordinate verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN GSM · Ασσουρproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
ὅτανwhenD · ὅτανadverb or negative particle shaping the clause-level sense→ indefinite temporal contingencyὅταν: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέλθῃερχομαι + επιVB AAS3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist subjunctive form expressing a bounded prospective actionἔρχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'ερχομαι + επι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅτανwhenD · ὅτανadverb or negative particle shaping the clause-level sense→ indefinite temporal contingencyὅταν: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιβῇsteps uponVZ AAS3S · βαίνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ crafted idols and moral corruptionβαίνω + ἐπι: meaning 'steps upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderN2N APN · ὅριονsubject→ object specificationὅριον: meaning 'border'; it serves as subject.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
6
καὶ ἔσται τὸ ὑπόλειμμα τοῦ Ιακωβ ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἐν μέσῳ λαῶν πολλῶν ὡς δρόσος παρὰ κυρίου πίπτουσα καὶ ὡς ἄρνες ἐπὶ ἄγρωστιν ὅπως μὴ συναχθῇ μηδεὶς μηδὲ ὑποστῇ ἐν υἱοῖς ἀνθρώπων
And the remnant of Jacob shall be among the nations, in the midst of many peoples, like dew from the Lord falling and like lambs upon grass, so that no one might gather them nor withstand them among the sons of men.
The remnant is portrayed as quiet divine refreshment, freely bestowed and beyond human control.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιbeV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπόλειμμαremnantN3M NSN · ὑπόλειμμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endὑπόλειμμα: meaning 'remnant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙακωβJacobN GSM · Ἰακώβconnective or particle shaping the flow of the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: meaning 'Jacob'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνεσινnationN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative complement within the clause→ dative element marking sphere, relation, or instrumentμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
λαῶνpeopleN2 GPM · λαόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
πολλῶνmanyA1 GPM · πολύςmodifier of τόπων→ relational specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as modifier of τόπων.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δρόσοςdewN2 NSF · δρόσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδρόσος: meaning 'dew'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
πίπτουσαfallingV1 · παπνσφ πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπνσφ πίπτω: meaning 'falling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἄρνεςlambsN3 NPM · ἀρνόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate expression→ participant prominenceἀρνός: meaning 'lambs'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate expression.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἄγρωστινgrassN3I ASF · ἄγρωστιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ covenant witness, rebellion, and divine vindicationἄγρωστις: meaning 'grass'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or item→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
συναχθῇbe gatheredVQ APS3S · ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἄγω + συν: meaning 'be gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μηδεὶςno oneA3P NSM · μηδείςsubject of παρενοχλείτω→ participant prominenceμηδείς: meaning 'no one'; it serves as subject of παρενοχλείτω.
μηδὲand do not / norC · μηδέcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationμηδὲ: meaning 'and do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑποστῇwithstandVH AAS3S · ἵστημι + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἵστημι + ὑπο: meaning 'withstand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
υἱοῖςsonN2 DPM · υἱόςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ sphere or referenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
ἀνθρώπωνman / human beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
7
καὶ ἔσται τὸ ὑπόλειμμα τοῦ Ιακωβ ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἐν μέσῳ λαῶν πολλῶν ὡς λέων ἐν κτήνεσιν ἐν τῷ δρυμῷ καὶ ὡς σκύμνος ἐν ποιμνίοις προβάτων ὃν τρόπον ὅταν διέλθῃ καὶ διαστείλας ἁρπάσῃ καὶ μὴ ᾖ ὁ ἐξαιρούμενος
And the remnant of Jacob shall be among the nations, in the midst of many peoples, like a lion among cattle in the forest and like a young lion among flocks of sheep, which, whenever it passes through, tramples and snatches, and there is none to rescue.
The same remnant also bears irresistible strength, overwhelming hostile peoples like a lion through unguarded flocks.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιbeV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπόλειμμαremnantN3M NSN · ὑπόλειμμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endὑπόλειμμα: meaning 'remnant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙακωβJacobN GSM · Ἰακώβconnective or particle shaping the flow of the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: meaning 'Jacob'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνεσινnationN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative complement within the clause→ dative element marking sphere, relation, or instrumentμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
λαῶνpeopleN2 GPM · λαόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
πολλῶνmanyA1 GPM · πολύςmodifier of τόπων→ relational specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as modifier of τόπων.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
λέωνlionN3W NSM · λέωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant prominenceλέων: meaning 'lion'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κτήνεσινcattleN3E DPN · κτῆνοςdative complement within the clause→ sphere or referenceκτῆνος: meaning 'cattle'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δρυμῷa thicketN2 DSM · δρυμόςdative noun completing the first simile of wild overgrowth→ sphere or referenceδρυμός: meaning 'a thicket'; it serves as dative noun completing the first simile of wild overgrowth.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
σκύμνοςa lion's cubN2 NSM · σκύμνοςcomparative noun heading the second simile→ participant prominenceσκύμνος: meaning 'a lion's cub'; it serves as comparative noun heading the second simile.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ποιμνίοιςflocksN2N DPN · ποίμνιονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipientποίμνιον: meaning 'flocks'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
προβάτωνsheepN2N GPN · πρόβατονgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationπρόβατον: meaning 'sheep'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
τρόπονmannerN2 ASM · τρόποςaccusative element functioning within the clause→ object specificationτρόπος: meaning 'manner'; it serves as accusative element functioning within the clause.
ὅτανwhenD · ὅτανadverb or negative particle shaping the clause-level sense→ indefinite temporal contingencyὅταν: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διέλθῃpasses throughVB AAS3S · ἔρχομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἔρχομαι + δια: meaning 'passes through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαστείλαςdischarging / specifyingVA · ααπνσμ στέλλω + διαcircumstantial participle (modifying the offerer)ααπνσμ στέλλω + δια: meaning 'discharging'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle (modifying the offerer).
ἁρπάσῃsnatchVA AAS3S · ἁρπάζωmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ subjunctive contingencyἁρπάζω: meaning 'snatch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ᾖeimiV9 PAS3S · εἰμίverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ verbal action in summary styleεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξαιρούμενοςdeliverV2 · πμπνσμ αἱρέω + ἐκparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance, description, or attendant action→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionπμπνσμ αἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'deliver'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause and supplying circumstance, description, or attendant action.
8
ὑψωθήσεται ἡ χείρ σου ἐπὶ τοὺς θλίβοντάς σε καὶ πάντες οἱ ἐχθροί σου ἐξολεθρευθήσονται
Your hand shall be lifted up against those who afflict you, and all your enemies shall be utterly destroyed.
The remnant's triumph is summarized in the lifting of its hand and the cutting off of its enemies.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὑψωθήσεταιbe exaltedVC FPI3S · ὑψόωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristὑψόω: meaning 'be exalted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χείρhandN3 NSF · χείρnominative head term or subject complement→ participant prominenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as nominative head term or subject complement.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θλίβοντάςthose afflictingV1 · παπαπμ θλίβωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπαπμ θλίβω: meaning 'those afflicting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροίenemiesN2 NPM · ἐχθρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐχθρός: meaning 'enemies'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐξολεθρευθήσονταιshall be utterly destroyedVC FPI3P · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'shall be utterly destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
καὶ ἔσται ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ λέγει κύριος ἐξολεθρεύσω τοὺς ἵππους σου ἐκ μέσου σου καὶ ἀπολῶ τὰ ἅρματά σου
And it shall be in that day, says the Lord, that I will destroy your horses from your midst and abolish your chariots.
The Lord begins purifying his people by removing the instruments of self-reliant warfare.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιbeV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun marking reference, means, or location→ participant reference or interestἐκείνῃ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun marking reference, means, or location.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐξολεθρεύσωdestroy utterlyVF FAI1S · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'destroy utterly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἵππουςhorseN2 APM · ἵπποςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ object specificationἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μέσουmidstA1 GSN · μέσοςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ genitive element marking relation or specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as genitive dependent within the phrase.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπολῶI will destroyVF2 FAI1S · ὀλλύω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ predictive future (decreed divine destruction)ὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'I will destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅρματάchariotsN3M APN · ἅρμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalἅρμα: meaning 'chariots'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
10
καὶ ἐξολεθρεύσω τὰς πόλεις τῆς γῆς σου καὶ ἐξαρῶ πάντα τὰ ὀχυρώματά σου
And I will destroy the cities of your land and tear down all your strongholds.
Urban and defensive structures are likewise stripped away so that false security cannot remain.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξολεθρεύσωdestroy utterlyVF FAI1S · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'destroy utterly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαρῶI will removeVF2 FAI1S · αἴρω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultαἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'I will remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀχυρώματάstrongholdsN3M APN · ὀχύρωμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalὀχύρωμα: meaning 'strongholds'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
11
καὶ ἐξαρῶ τὰ φάρμακά σου ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν σου καὶ ἀποφθεγγόμενοι οὐκ ἔσονται ἐν σοί
And I will remove your sorceries from your hands, and there shall no longer be soothsayers in you.
Occult means of control and knowledge are cut off from the covenant community.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαρῶI will removeVF2 FAI1S · αἴρω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultαἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'I will remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φάρμακάsorceriesN2N APN · φάρμακονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalφάρμακον: meaning 'sorceries'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive (source of the works)→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as genitive (source of the works).
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποφθεγγόμενοιsoothsayersV1 · πμπνπμ φθέγγομαι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπμπνπμ φθέγγομαι + ἀπο: meaning 'soothsayers'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔσονταιbeVF FMI3P · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σοίyourRP DS · σύpronoun→ participant reference or interestσοί: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
12
καὶ ἐξολεθρεύσω τὰ γλυπτά σου καὶ τὰς στήλας σου ἐκ μέσου σου καὶ οὐκέτι μὴ προσκυνήσῃς τοῖς ἔργοις τῶν χειρῶν σου
And I will utterly destroy your carved images and your pillars from your midst, and you shall no longer worship the works of your hands.
Idolatry is targeted directly, with both its objects and the worship they sustain being abolished.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξολεθρεύσωdestroy utterlyVF FAI1S · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'destroy utterly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλυπτάcarved imagesA1 APN · γλυπτόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ crafted idols and moral corruptionγλυπτός: meaning 'carved images'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στήλαςpillarsN1 APF · στήληdirect object of συντρίψετεστήλη: meaning 'pillars'; it serves as direct object of συντρίψετε.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μέσουmidstA1 GSN · μέσοςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ genitive element marking relation or specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as genitive dependent within the phrase.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκέτιno longerD · οὐκέτιadverb qualifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκέτι: meaning 'no longer'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
προσκυνήσῃςyou may worshipVA AAS2S · κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseκυνέω + προς: meaning 'you may worship'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργοιςworksN2N DPN · ἔργονcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive (source of the works)→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as genitive (source of the works).
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
13
καὶ ἐκκόψω τὰ ἄλση σου ἐκ μέσου σου καὶ ἀφανιῶ τὰς πόλεις σου
And I will cut off your sacred groves from your midst, and I will destroy your cities.
The Lord removes the remaining cultic landscape that supported unfaithful worship.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκκόψωI will cut offVF FAI1S · κόπτω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseκόπτω + ἐκ: meaning 'I will cut off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄλσηsacred groves / AsherimN3E APN · ἄλσοςdirect object of ἐκκόψετε (fronted)→ content focusἄλσος: meaning 'sacred groves'; it serves as direct object of ἐκκόψετε (fronted).
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μέσουmidstA1 GSN · μέσοςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ genitive element marking relation or specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as genitive dependent within the phrase.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφανιῶI will destroyVF2 FAI1S · ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or state advancing the oracle's claim, warning, or expositionἵζω + ἀπο + ἀνα: meaning 'I will destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
14
καὶ ποιήσω ἐν ὀργῇ καὶ ἐν θυμῷ ἐκδίκησιν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἀνθ' ὧν οὐκ εἰσήκουσαν
And I will execute vengeance in anger and in wrath among the nations because they did not listen.
The chapter ends by extending judgment outward to the disobedient nations who refused the Lord's voice.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσωdo / makeVF FAI1S · ποιέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὀργῇwith angerN1 DSF · ὀργήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceὀργή: meaning 'with anger'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
θυμῷwrathN2 DSM · θυμόςDative complement→ sphere or referenceθυμός: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as Dative complement.
ἐκδίκησινvengeanceN3I ASF · ἐκδίκησιςdirect object of ποιῆσαι→ object specificationἐκδίκησις: meaning 'vengeance'; it serves as direct object of ποιῆσαι.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνεσινnationN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ἀνθ'instead of / in place ofP · ἀντίpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀνθ': meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςrelative pronoun→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εἰσήκουσανthey heeded / obeyedVAI AAI3P · ἀκούω + εἰςverb of causal clause (second ground; negated)→ constative aoristἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'they heeded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of causal clause (second ground; negated).