1
ἀκούσατε δὴ λόγον κυρίου κύριος εἶπεν ἀνάστηθι κρίθητι πρὸς τὰ ὄρη καὶ ἀκουσάτωσαν οἱ βουνοὶ φωνήν σου
Hear now the word of the Lord. The Lord said, Rise, plead your case before the mountains, and let the hills hear your voice.
The chapter opens with the Lord commanding the prophet to begin the covenant lawsuit before creation.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἀκούσατεhearVA AAD2P · ἀκούωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ ingressive aorist imperative (give heed now)ἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
δὴnow / indeedX · δήsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to context→ discourse linkage or contrastδὴ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἀνάστηθιrise upVH AAD2S · ἵστημι + ἀναfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'rise up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
κρίθητιplead your caseVC APD2S · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseκρίνω: meaning 'plead your case'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρηmountainN3E APN · ὄροςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ object specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκουσάτωσανlet them hearVA AAD3P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω: meaning 'let them hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουνοὶhillN2 NPM · βουνόςnominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceβουνός: meaning 'hill'; it serves as nominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate.
φωνήνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
2
ἀκούσατε βουνοί τὴν κρίσιν τοῦ κυρίου καὶ αἱ φάραγγες θεμέλια τῆς γῆς ὅτι κρίσις τῷ κυρίῳ πρὸς τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ μετὰ τοῦ Ισραηλ διελεγχθήσεται
Hear, mountains, the judgment of the Lord, and you valleys, foundations of the earth, because the Lord has a case against his people, and he will contend with Israel.
The witnesses are named and the legal dispute with Israel is formally stated.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἀκούσατεhearVA AAD2P · ἀκούωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ ingressive aorist imperative (give heed now)ἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
βουνοίhillsN2 NPM · βουνόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ participant prominenceβουνός: meaning 'hills'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
φάραγγεςφάραγξN3G NPF · φάραγξSubject / head term→ subject or predicate term within the clauseφάραγξ: meaning 'φάραγξ'; it serves as Subject / head term.
θεμέλιαfoundationsN2N APN · θεμέλιονdirect object of φλέξει→ object specificationθεμέλιον: meaning 'foundations'; it serves as direct object of φλέξει.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρίσιςjudgmentN3I NSF · κρίσιςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
διελεγχθήσεταιwill be rebukedVQ FPI3S · ἐλέγχω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἐλέγχω + δια: meaning 'will be rebuked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
3
λαός μου τί ἐποίησά σοι ἢ τί ἐλύπησά σε ἢ τί παρηνώχλησά σοι ἀποκρίθητί μοι
My people, what have I done to you, or how have I grieved you, or how have I troubled you? Answer me.
The Lord directly challenges his people to name any grievance against his covenant care.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐποίησάdo / makeVAI AAI1S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐλύπησάhave I grievedVAI AAI1S · λυπέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseλυπέω: meaning 'have I grieved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
παρηνώχλησάhave I troubledVAI AAI1S · ὀχλέω + παρα + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseὀχλέω + παρα + ἐν: meaning 'have I troubled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀποκρίθητίanswerVC APD2S · κρίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'answer'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
4
διότι ἀνήγαγόν σε ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου καὶ ἐξ οἴκου δουλείας ἐλυτρωσάμην σε καὶ ἐξαπέστειλα πρὸ προσώπου σου τὸν Μωυσῆν καὶ Ααρων καὶ Μαριαμ
For I brought you up from the land of Egypt and redeemed you from the house of slavery, and I sent before you Moses and Aaron and Miriam.
The challenge is supported by a reminder of the exodus and the leaders God gave for their deliverance.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνήγαγόνI brought upVBI AAI1S · ἄγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἄγω + ἀνα: meaning 'I brought up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
δουλείαςslaveryN1A GSF · δουλείαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptive qualification→ relational specificationδουλεία: meaning 'slavery'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptive qualification.
ἐλυτρωσάμηνredeemVAI AMI1S · λυτρόωverbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeλυτρόω: meaning 'redeem'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form presenting the action as a whole within the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαπέστειλαI sentVAI AAI1S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποfinite verbal form carrying the clause action or assertion→ constative aorist of dispatchστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'I sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form carrying the clause action or assertion.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition taking a complement within the phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition taking a complement within the phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῆνMosesN1M ASM · Μωυσῆςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΜωυσῆν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑαρωνAaronN ASM · Ἀαρώνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΑαρων: meaning 'Aaron'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜαριαμMiriamN ASF · Μαριαμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΜαριαμ: meaning 'Miriam'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
5
λαός μου μνήσθητι δὴ τί ἐβουλεύσατο κατὰ σοῦ Βαλακ βασιλεὺς Μωαβ καὶ τί ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῷ Βαλααμ υἱὸς τοῦ Βεωρ ἀπὸ τῶν σχοίνων ἕως τοῦ Γαλγαλ ὅπως γνωσθῇ ἡ δικαιοσύνη τοῦ κυρίου
My people, remember now what Balak king of Moab planned against you and what Balaam son of Beor answered him, from Shittim to Gilgal, so that the righteousness of the Lord may be known.
The Lord adds wilderness and entry traditions to prove his consistent righteousness toward Israel.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
μνήσθητιrememberVS APD2S · μιμνήσκωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingμιμνήσκω: meaning 'remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
δὴnow / indeedX · δήsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to context→ discourse linkage or contrastδὴ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐβουλεύσατοtook counselVAI AMI3S · βουλεύωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionβουλεύω: meaning 'took counsel'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ΒαλακBalakN NSM · Βαλακadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ repentance, intercession, and restorationΒαλακ: meaning 'Balak'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΜωαβMoabN GSF · Μωαβsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΜωαβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἀπεκρίθηansweredVCI API3S · κρίνω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'answered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ΒαλααμBalaamN NSM · Βαλααμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΒαλααμ: meaning 'Balaam'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒεωρBeorN GSM · Βεωρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ repentance, intercession, and restorationΒεωρ: meaning 'Beor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σχοίνωνreedsN2 GPM · σχοίνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ nations judged and zion securedσχοίνος: meaning 'reeds'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαλγαλGilgalN GS · Γαλγαλadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΓαλγαλ: meaning 'Gilgal'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or item→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνωσθῇmay be knownVS APS3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseγιγνώσκω: meaning 'may be known'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαιοσύνηdikaiosyneN1 NSF · δικαιοσύνηnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'dikaiosyne'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
6
ἐν τίνι καταλάβω τὸν κύριον ἀντιλήμψομαι θεοῦ μου ὑψίστου εἰ καταλήμψομαι αὐτὸν ἐν ὁλοκαυτώμασιν ἐν μόσχοις ἐνιαυσίοις
With what shall I overtake the Lord? Shall I take hold of my most high God? Shall I approach him with whole burnt offerings, with year-old calves?
A hypothetical worshiper asks what kind of offering could possibly answer the Lord's case.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τίνιwho?RI DSN · τίςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestτίνι: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καταλάβωapproachVB AAS1S · λαμβάνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseλαμβάνω + κατα: meaning 'approach'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἀντιλήμψομαιhelp / supportVF FMI1S · λαμβάνω + ἀντιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ middle verbal form highlighting the subject's participation in the actionλαμβάνω + ἀντι: meaning 'help'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὑψίστουMost HighA1 GSM · ὕψιστοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependent→ relational specificationὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as adjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependent.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταλήμψομαιI will seizeVF FMI1S · λαμβάνω + καταfinite verbal form advancing the clause action or assertion→ futureλαμβάνω + κατα: meaning 'I will seize'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form advancing the clause action or assertion.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὁλοκαυτώμασινwhole burnt offeringsN3M DPN · ὁλοκαύτωμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁλοκαύτωμα: meaning 'whole burnt offerings'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μόσχοιςbullsN2 DPM · μόσχοςdative of reference ('for the thirteen bulls')μόσχος: meaning 'bulls'; it serves as dative of reference ('for the thirteen bulls').
ἐνιαυσίοιςyear-oldA1A DPM · ἐνιαύσιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipientἐνιαύσιος: meaning 'year-old'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
7
εἰ προσδέξεται κύριος ἐν χιλιάσιν κριῶν ἢ ἐν μυριάσιν χειμάρρων πιόνων εἰ δῶ πρωτότοκά μου ἀσεβείας καρπὸν κοιλίας μου ὑπὲρ ἁμαρτίας ψυχῆς μου
Will the Lord accept thousands of rams or tens of thousands of fat torrents? Shall I give my firstborn for ungodliness, the fruit of my womb for the sin of my soul?
The sacrificial question escalates to absurd abundance and even firstborn sacrifice.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσδέξεταιshall acceptVF FMI3S · δέχομαι + προςmain verb (the owner's acceptance)→ electing love, polluted worship, and priestly contemptδέχομαι + προς: meaning 'shall accept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the owner's acceptance).
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
χιλιάσινthousandsN3D DPF · χιλιάςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχιλιάς: meaning 'thousands'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κριῶνbattering ramN2 GPM · κριόςgenitive (of material/source: 'skins of rams')→ relational specificationκριός: meaning 'battering ram'; it serves as genitive (of material/source: 'skins of rams').
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μυριάσινtens of thousandsN3D DPF · μυριάςdative element marking reference, means, or association→ sphere or referenceμυριάς: meaning 'tens of thousands'; it serves as dative element marking reference, means, or association.
χειμάρρωνtorrentsN2 GPM · χειμάρρουςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or qualityχειμάρρους: meaning 'torrents'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πιόνωνfatN3N GPM · πίωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or qualityπίων: meaning 'fat'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δῶdidomiVO AAS1S · δίδωμιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι: meaning 'didomi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
πρωτότοκάfirstbornA1B APN · πρωτότοκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalπρωτότοκος: meaning 'firstborn'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀσεβείαςasebeiaN1A GSF · ἀσέβειαgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ watching, vision, and woe against empireἀσέβεια: meaning 'asebeia'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
καρπὸνfruitN2 ASM · καρπόςdirect object understood with ἐδίδου→ object specificationκαρπός: meaning 'fruit'; it serves as direct object understood with ἐδίδου.
κοιλίαςbelly / wombN1A GSF · κοιλίαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationκοιλία: meaning 'belly'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A GSF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ψυχῆςlifeN1 GSF · ψυχήobject of περί within the idiom περὶ ψυχῆς→ relational specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as object of περί within the idiom περὶ ψυχῆς.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
8
εἰ ἀνηγγέλη σοι ἄνθρωπε τί καλόν ἢ τί κύριος ἐκζητεῖ παρὰ σοῦ ἀλλ' ἢ τοῦ ποιεῖν κρίμα καὶ ἀγαπᾶν ἔλεον καὶ ἕτοιμον εἶναι τοῦ πορεύεσθαι μετὰ κυρίου θεοῦ σου
Has it been declared to you, O man, what is good, or what does the Lord seek from you, except to do justice, to love mercy, and to be ready to walk with the Lord your God?
The prophet gives the true answer: covenant faithfulness is ethical and relational rather than performative excess.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνηγγέληit was announcedVDI API3S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναmain verb (impersonal passive)→ statementἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'it was announced'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (impersonal passive).
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἄνθρωπεO manN2 VSM · ἄνθρωποςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressἄνθρωπος: meaning 'O man'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καλόνgoodA1 ASN · καλόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ object specificationκαλός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐκζητεῖseeksV2 PAI3S · ζητέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ presumption, stewardship, and unstable powerζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'seeks'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιεῖνdo / makeV2 PAN · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ imperfective infinitiveποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαπᾶνloveV3 PAN · ἀγαπάωinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or complementary action→ present infinitiveἀγαπάω: meaning 'love'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing purpose, result, or complementary action.
ἔλεονmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ object specificationἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕτοιμονἕτοιμοςA1 ASM · ἕτοιμοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ content focusἕτοιμος: meaning 'ἕτοιμος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
εἶναιto beV9 PAN · εἰμίinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πορεύεσθαιto goV1 PMN · πορεύομαιinfinitive expressing the only available course→ present middle infinitive of manner of lifeπορεύομαι: meaning 'to go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing the only available course.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
9
φωνὴ κυρίου τῇ πόλει ἐπικληθήσεται καὶ σώσει φοβουμένους τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ἄκουε φυλή καὶ τίς κοσμήσει πόλιν
The voice of the Lord will be invoked over the city, and it will save those who fear his name. Hear, O tribe, and who will adorn the city?
The oracle turns from principle to direct warning addressed to the city and its hearers.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
φωνὴsoundN1 NSF · φωνήnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ participant prominenceφωνή: meaning 'sound'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειcityN3I DSF · πόλιςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἐπικληθήσεταιshall be called uponVC FPI3S · καλέω + ἐπιmain verb (petition: the name called upon them = covenant identity)→ electing love, polluted worship, and priestly contemptκαλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'shall be called upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (petition: the name called upon them = covenant identity).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σώσειit will saveVF FAI3S · σώζωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureσώζω: meaning 'it will save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
φοβουμένουςπμπαπμ φοβέωV2 · πμπαπμ φοβέωverbal form carrying the clause action→ verbal action or stateπμπαπμ φοβέω: meaning 'πμπαπμ φοβέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἄκουεhearV1 PAD2S · ἀκούωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ durative present imperative (continual hearing/obeying)ἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
φυλήtribeN1 NSF · φυλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κοσμήσειwill adornVF FAI3S · κοσμέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseκοσμέω: meaning 'will adorn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
10
μὴ πῦρ καὶ οἶκος ἀνόμου θησαυρίζων θησαυροὺς ἀνόμους καὶ μετὰ ὕβρεως ἀδικία
Is there yet fire and the house of the lawless one storing up lawless treasures, along with arrogant injustice?
The city is accused of hoarding illicit wealth and joining arrogance to injustice.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
πῦρfireN3 NSN · πῦρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ participant prominenceπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἀνόμουlawlessA1B GSM · ἄνομοςattributive adjective describing τινες→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἄνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as attributive adjective describing τινες.
θησαυρίζωνstoring upV1 · παπνσμ θησαυρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπνσμ θησαυρίζω: meaning 'storing up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θησαυροὺςthesaurosN2 APM · θησαυρόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationθησαυρός: meaning 'thesauros'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἀνόμουςlawlessA1B APM · ἄνομοςadjective characterizing the men as covenant breakers→ object specificationἄνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as adjective characterizing the men as covenant breakers.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὕβρεωςarroganceN3I GSF · ὕβριςgenitive nominal qualifying another element or marking relation→ relational specificationὕβρις: meaning 'arrogance'; it serves as genitive nominal qualifying another element or marking relation.
ἀδικίαinjusticeN1A NSF · ἀδικίαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἀδικία: meaning 'injustice'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
11
εἰ δικαιωθήσεται ἐν ζυγῷ ἄνομος καὶ ἐν μαρσίππῳ στάθμια δόλου
Shall a lawless man be justified with a balance, or with deceitful weights in a bag?
Dishonest measures expose the impossibility of acquittal for fraudulent commerce.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαιωθήσεταιwill be justifiedVC FPI3S · δικαιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδικαιόω: meaning 'will be justified'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ζυγῷyokeN2 DSM · ζυγόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceζυγός: meaning 'yoke'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἄνομοςlawless oneA1B NSM · ἄνομοςnominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ participant prominenceἄνομος: meaning 'lawless one'; it serves as nominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μαρσίππῳbagN2 DSM · μάρσιπποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipientμάρσιππος: meaning 'bag'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
στάθμιαweightsN2N NPN · στάθμιονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ divine governance and self-masteryστάθμιον: meaning 'weights'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δόλουdeceitN2 GSM · δόλοςgenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationδόλος: meaning 'deceit'; it serves as genitive object of μετά.
12
ἐξ ὧν τὸν πλοῦτον αὐτῶν ἀσεβείας ἔπλησαν καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες αὐτὴν ἐλάλουν ψευδῆ καὶ ἡ γλῶσσα αὐτῶν ὑψώθη ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτῶν
By these things they filled their wealth with ungodliness, and those who live in her spoke lies, and their tongue was exalted in their mouth.
Violent wealth and false speech are named as the concrete evidence of the city's guilt.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςrelative pronoun→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλοῦτονwealthN2 ASM · πλοῦτοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀσεβείαςasebeiaN1A GSF · ἀσέβειαgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ watching, vision, and woe against empireἀσέβεια: meaning 'asebeia'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
ἔπλησανfillVAI AAI3P · πίμπλημιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristπίμπλημι: meaning 'fill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple identifying the residence of the scribal families→ present participle of residenceπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle identifying the residence of the scribal families.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἐλάλουνspeakV2I IAI3P · λαλέωmain verbal form advancing the court-crisis narrative or the prayerful appeal→ imperfect verbal form portraying continued past actionλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the court-crisis narrative or the prayerful appeal.
ψευδῆfalseA3H APN · ψευδήςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ object specificationψευδής: meaning 'false'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλῶσσαtongueN1S NSF · γλῶσσαnominative term functioning in the clause core→ participant prominenceγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as nominative term functioning in the clause core.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὑψώθηwas exaltedVCI API3S · ὑψόωinfinitive→ aorist aspect presenting the action as a wholeὑψόω: meaning 'was exalted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόματιmouthN3M DSN · στόμαdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest→ sphere or referenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as dative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
13
καὶ ἐγὼ ἄρξομαι τοῦ πατάξαι σε ἀφανιῶ σε ἐπὶ ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις σου
And I myself will begin to strike you; I will lay you waste because of your sins.
The Lord announces the beginning of punitive judgment in response to these sins.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἄρξομαιI will beginVF FMI1S · ἄρχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἄρχω: meaning 'I will begin'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατάξαιto strikeVA AAN · πατάσσωinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist infinitive of intended actionπατάσσω: meaning 'to strike'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀφανιῶI will destroyVF2 FAI1S · ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or state advancing the oracle's claim, warning, or expositionἵζω + ἀπο + ἀνα: meaning 'I will destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαιςsinN1A DPF · ἁμαρτίαcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
14
σὺ φάγεσαι καὶ οὐ μὴ ἐμπλησθῇς καὶ σκοτάσει ἐν σοὶ καὶ ἐκνεύσει καὶ οὐ μὴ διασωθῇς καὶ ὅσοι ἐὰν διασωθῶσιν εἰς ῥομφαίαν παραδοθήσονται
You shall eat and never be filled, and darkness will be in you; you will withdraw, and you shall never be delivered, and as many as are delivered will be handed over to the sword.
The sentence is unfolded as frustrated consumption, insecurity, and failed escape.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
σὺyouRP NS · σύnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
φάγεσαιyou shall eatVF FMI2S · ἐσθίωmain verb (oracle of toilsome eating)→ futureἐσθίω: meaning 'you shall eat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (oracle of toilsome eating).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐμπλησθῇςbe filledVS APS2S · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'be filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκοτάσειdarknessVF FAI2S · σκοτάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseσκοτάζω: meaning 'darkness'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σοὶyouRP DS · σύpronominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκνεύσειwithdrawVF FAI3S · νεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseνεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'withdraw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
διασωθῇςbe deliveredVC APS2S · σώζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseσώζω + δια: meaning 'be delivered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅσοιas many asA1 NPM · ὅσοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative term→ participant prominenceὅσος: meaning 'as many as'; it serves as adjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative term.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ conditional contingencyἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
διασωθῶσινare deliveredVC APS3P · σώζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileσώζω + δια: meaning 'are delivered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ῥομφαίανswordN1A ASF · ῥομφαίαcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
παραδοθήσονταιparaVC FPI3P · δίδωμι + παραfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form presenting the action as forthcomingδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'para'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form carrying the clause forward.
15
σὺ σπερεῖς καὶ οὐ μὴ ἀμήσῃς σὺ πιέσεις ἐλαίαν καὶ οὐ μὴ ἀλείψῃ ἔλαιον καὶ οἶνον καὶ οὐ μὴ πίητε καὶ ἀφανισθήσεται νόμιμα λαοῦ μου
You shall sow and never reap; you shall press olives and never anoint yourself with oil, and wine, and you shall certainly not drink it; and the ordinances of my people shall be destroyed.
Agricultural labor and produce will end in futility rather than enjoyment.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
σὺyouRP NS · σύnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
σπερεῖςyou will sowVF2 FAI2S · σπείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseσπείρω: meaning 'you will sow'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀμήσῃςyou will reapVA AAS2S · ἀμάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἀμάω: meaning 'you will reap'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σὺyouRP NS · σύnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
πιέσειςyou will pressVF FAI2S · πιέζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπιέζω: meaning 'you will press'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐλαίανolive groveN1A ASF · ἐλαίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or extent→ object specificationἐλαία: meaning 'olive grove'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or extent.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀλείψῃanoint yourselfVA AAS3S · ἀλείφωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἀλείφω: meaning 'anoint yourself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔλαιονoilN2N ASN · ἔλαιονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλαιον: meaning 'oil'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
πίητεdrinkVB AAS2P · πίνωparticipial verbal form supplying circumstance, cause, manner, or attendant action→ commandπίνω: meaning 'drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form supplying circumstance, cause, manner, or attendant action.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφανισθήσεταιshall be destroyedVS FPI3S · ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵζω + ἀπο + ἀνα: meaning 'shall be destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νόμιμαordinance / lawful requirementA1 APN · νόμιμοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationνόμιμος: meaning 'ordinance'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
16
καὶ ἐφύλαξας τὰ δικαιώματα Ζαμβρι καὶ πάντα τὰ ἔργα οἴκου Αχααβ καὶ ἐπορεύθητε ἐν ταῖς βουλαῖς αὐτῶν ὅπως παραδῶ σε εἰς ἀφανισμὸν καὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας αὐτὴν εἰς συρισμόν καὶ ὀνείδη λαῶν λήμψεσθε
For you have kept the ordinances of Zimri and all the works of the house of Ahab, and you walked in their counsels, so that I may give you over to destruction and those who dwell in her to hissing, and you shall bear the reproaches of peoples.
The judgment is grounded in the people's imitation of the corrupt royal patterns of Zimri and Ahab.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφύλαξαςyou shall keepVAI AAI2S · φυλάσσωmain verb (imperatival future)→ present infinitive (ongoing observance)φυλάσσω: meaning 'you shall keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (imperatival future).
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαιώματαstatuteN3M APN · δικαίωμαnominal term functioning as a accusative complement→ object specificationδικαίωμα: meaning 'statute'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a accusative complement.
ΖαμβριZimriN GS · Ζαμβριadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΖαμβρι: meaning 'Zimri'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΑχααβAhabN GSM · Αχααβproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΑχααβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύθητεyou walkedVCI API2P · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: meaning 'you walked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουλαῖςboylN1 DPF · βουλήobject of ἐν in a civic-record phrase→ sphere or referenceβουλή: meaning 'boyl'; it serves as object of ἐν in a civic-record phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or item→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραδῶhand overVO AAS1S · δίδωμι + παραfinite verbal form carrying the clause action→ aoristδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'hand over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form carrying the clause action.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀφανισμὸνobliterationN2 ASM · ἀφανισμόςaccusative of result (with εἰς, climactic)→ object specificationἀφανισμός: meaning 'obliteration'; it serves as accusative of result (with εἰς, climactic).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
συρισμόνsyrismosN2 ASM · συρισμόςaccusative element functioning as object or extent expressionσυρισμός: meaning 'syrismos'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or extent expression.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀνείδηreproachesN3E APN · ὄνειδοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ trust, discipline, and ordered flourishingὄνειδος: meaning 'reproaches'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λαῶνpeopleN2 GPM · λαόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
λήμψεσθεseizedVF FMI2P · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the clause→ futureλαμβάνω: meaning 'seized'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.