26
εὐλογητὸς εἶ κύριε ὁ θεὸς τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν καὶ αἰνετὸν καὶ δεδοξασμένον τὸ ὄνομά σου εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Blessed are you, O Lord, God of our fathers, and praised and glorified is your name forever.
The prayer begins not with complaint but with blessing. In the Odes setting the line functions as a liturgical threshold: praise is offered before confession, and God's covenant identity as the God of the fathers governs everything that follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
εὐλογητὸςblessedA1 NSM · εὐλογητόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyεὐλογητός: meaning 'blessed'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoing or immediateεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰνετὸνpraisedA1 ASM · αἰνετόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyαἰνετός: meaning 'praised'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεδοξασμένονglorifiedVT · χππασμ δοξάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyχππασμ δοξάζω: meaning 'glorified'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
27
ὅτι δίκαιος εἶ ἐπὶ πᾶσιν οἷς ἐποίησας ἡμῖν καὶ πάντα τὰ ἔργα σου ἀληθινά καὶ εὐθεῖαι αἱ ὁδοί σου καὶ πᾶσαι αἱ κρίσεις σου ἀληθεῖς
For you are righteous in all that you have done to us, and all your works are true, your ways straight, and all your judgments true.
The blessing is immediately grounded in the Lord's justice. Before any request is voiced, Azariah insists that the divine acts against the people were not arbitrary but true, straight, and righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςadjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as adjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoing or immediateεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πᾶσινallA3 DPM · πᾶςdat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
οἷςwho / whichRR DPM · ὅςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyοἷς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐποίησαςdo / makeVAI AAI2S · ποιέωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complement→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form functioning as a dative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworkN2N NPN · ἔργονcommon noun within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀληθινάtrueA1 NPN · ἀληθινόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἀληθινός: meaning 'true'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐθεῖαιstraightA3U NPF · εὐθύςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyεὐθύς: meaning 'straight'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὁδοίwaysN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαιallA1S NPF · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κρίσειςjudgmentsN3I NPF · κρίσιςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyκρίσις: meaning 'judgments'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀληθεῖςtrueA3H NPM · ἀληθήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἀληθής: meaning 'true'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
28
καὶ κρίματα ἀληθείας ἐποίησας κατὰ πάντα ἃ ἐπήγαγες ἡμῖν καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν πόλιν τὴν ἁγίαν τὴν τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν Ιερουσαλημ ὅτι ἐν ἀληθείᾳ καὶ κρίσει ἐπήγαγες ταῦτα πάντα διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν
And you executed judgments of truth in all that you brought upon us and upon Jerusalem, the holy city of our fathers, because in truth and judgment you brought all these things upon us because of our sins.
The confession of divine righteousness is specified historically. Jerusalem's suffering is named as covenant judgment, and the city's holiness does not cancel the truth of the punishment.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρίματαjudgmentsN3M NPN · κρίμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyκρίμα: meaning 'judgments'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀληθείαςtruthN1A GSF · ἀλήθειαgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
ἐποίησαςdo / makeVAI AAI2S · ποιέωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςcommon noun within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
ἐπήγαγεςyou brought onVBI AAI2S · ἄγω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ aorist indicative presenting the action as a completed wholeἄγω + ἐπι: meaning 'you brought on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complement→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form functioning as a dative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςhead noun within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίανholyA1A ASF · ἅγιοςattributive adjective modifying διαθήκην→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as attributive adjective modifying διαθήκην.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN AS · Ἰερουσαλήμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyΙερουσαλημ: meaning 'Jerusalem'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀληθείᾳtruthN1A DSF · ἀλήθειαdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρίσειjudgmentN3I DSF · κρίσιςdative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as dative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means.
ἐπήγαγεςyou brought onVBI AAI2S · ἄγω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ aorist indicative presenting the action as a completed wholeἄγω + ἐπι: meaning 'you brought on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A APF · ἁμαρτίαnominal term functioning as a accusative complement→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a accusative complement.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
29
ὅτι ἡμάρτομεν καὶ ἠνομήσαμεν ἀποστῆναι ἀπὸ σοῦ καὶ ἐξημάρτομεν ἐν πᾶσιν καὶ τῶν ἐντολῶν σου οὐκ ἠκούσαμεν
For we sinned and acted lawlessly in turning away from you, and we sinned grievously in every way, and we did not heed your commandments.
The prayer now turns from God's righteousness to Israel's guilt. The piling up of sin-language makes the exile and humiliation intelligible as the people's own rebellion against the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμάρτομενI have sinnedVBI AAI1P · ἁμαρτάνωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ constative aoristἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'I have sinned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠνομήσαμενyou will act lawlesslyVAI AAI1P · ἀνομέωmain verb (the consequence)→ ingressive aorist subjunctive (fall into lawlessness)ἀνομέω: meaning 'you will act lawlessly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the consequence).
ἀποστῆναιto departVH AAN · ἵστημι + ἀποinfinitive expressing the content of the apostasy→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'to depart'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing the content of the apostasy.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξημάρτομενekVBI AAI1P · ἁμαρτάνω + ἐκfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἁμαρτάνω + ἐκ: meaning 'ek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πᾶσινallA3 DPM · πᾶςdat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐντολῶνcommandmentN1 GPF · ἐντολήnominal term functioning as a genitive dependent→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἐντολή: meaning 'commandment'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a genitive dependent.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἠκούσαμενhearVAI AAI1P · ἀκούωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
30
οὐδὲ συνετηρήσαμεν οὐδὲ ἐποιήσαμεν καθὼς ἐνετείλω ἡμῖν ἵνα εὖ ἡμῖν γένηται
Nor did we keep them, nor did we do as you commanded us, that it might go well with us.
The prior confession is tightened by moving from general rebellion to explicit covenant disobedience. The verse recalls that obedience was ordered toward the people's good, so their misery is the inversion of refused blessing.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνετηρήσαμενwe keptVAI AAI1P · τηρέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyτηρέω + συν: meaning 'we kept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποιήσαμενhave doneVAI AAI1P · ποιέωmain verb of the rhetorical question→ aorist indicative presenting the action as a completed wholeποιέω: meaning 'have done'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the rhetorical question.
καθὼςjust asD · καθώςadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceκαθώς: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐνετείλωinVAI AMI2S · τέλλομαι + ἐνfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyτέλλομαι + ἐν: meaning 'in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complement→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form functioning as a dative complement.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὖwellD · εὖadverb (with ποιῆσαι: 'to do good')→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyεὖ: meaning 'well'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complement→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form functioning as a dative complement.
γένηταιbecome / happenVB AMS3S · γίγνομαιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
31
καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἐπήγαγες ἡμῖν καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησας ἡμῖν ἐν ἀληθινῇ κρίσει ἐποίησας
And everything that you brought upon us, and everything that you did to us, you did in true judgment.
The prayer briefly restates its thesis before moving to present distress. Azariah refuses any attempt to soften the justice of what has happened.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ὅσαas much asA1 APN · ὅσοςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyὅσος: meaning 'as much as'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ἐπήγαγεςyou brought onVBI AAI2S · ἄγω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ aorist indicative presenting the action as a completed wholeἄγω + ἐπι: meaning 'you brought on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complement→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form functioning as a dative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ὅσαas much asA1 APN · ὅσοςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyὅσος: meaning 'as much as'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ἐποίησαςdo / makeVAI AAI2S · ποιέωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complement→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form functioning as a dative complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀληθινῇtrueA1 DSF · ἀληθινόςdative element functioning within the phrase→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἀληθινός: meaning 'true'; it serves as dative element functioning within the phrase.
κρίσειjudgmentN3I DSF · κρίσιςdative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as dative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means.
ἐποίησαςdo / makeVAI AAI2S · ποιέωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
32
καὶ παρέδωκας ἡμᾶς εἰς χεῖρας ἐχθρῶν ἀνόμων ἐχθίστων ἀποστατῶν καὶ βασιλεῖ ἀδίκῳ καὶ πονηροτάτῳ παρὰ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν
And you handed us over into the hands of lawless enemies, hateful rebels, and to an unjust and most wicked king, more wicked than all the earth.
The righteous judgment is named concretely as political humiliation. Foreign domination is not treated as a mere accident of empire but as a divine handing-over into hostile hands.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρέδωκαςyou deliveredVAI AAI2S · δίδωμι + παραsecond main verb within the prayer's recollection→ constative aoristδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'you delivered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as second main verb within the prayer's recollection.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
ἐχθρῶνenemyN2 GPM · ἐχθρόςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequence→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as proper name or indeclinable element within the sequence.
ἀνόμωνlawlessA1B GPM · ἄνομοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptive qualification→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἄνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptive qualification.
ἐχθίστωνmost hatefulA1 GPMS · ἐχθρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἐχθρός: meaning 'most hateful'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀποστατῶνrebelN1M GPM · ἀποστάτηςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἀποστάτης: meaning 'rebel'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ἀδίκῳunjustA1B DSM · ἄδικοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἄδικος: meaning 'unjust'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πονηροτάτῳmost wickedA1A DSMS · πονηρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyπονηρός: meaning 'most wicked'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
33
καὶ νῦν οὐκ ἔστιν ἡμῖν ἀνοῖξαι τὸ στόμα αἰσχύνη καὶ ὄνειδος ἐγενήθη τοῖς δούλοις σου καὶ τοῖς σεβομένοις σε
And now we cannot open our mouth; shame and reproach have come upon your servants and upon those who worship you.
The prayer arrives at the present scene of disgrace. Speech itself collapses under shame, so the petition rises out of a condition of public reproach and apparent abandonment.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse pivot to present applicationνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complement→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form functioning as a dative complement.
ἀνοῖξαιopenVA AAN · οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the clause forward within the narrative or petition→ verbal form contributing the clause's action according to its tense-form and moodοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause forward within the narrative or petition.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
αἰσχύνηshameN1 NSF · αἰσχύνηnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyαἰσχύνη: meaning 'shame'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄνειδοςoneidosN3E NSN · ὄνειδοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyὄνειδος: meaning 'oneidos'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ἐγενήθηbecome / happenVCI API3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ ingressive aorist middle/passiveγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλοιςservantsN2 DPM · δοῦλοςobject of ἐπί (those pitied)→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyδοῦλος: meaning 'servants'; it serves as object of ἐπί (those pitied).
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σεβομένοιςthose who fearV1 · πμπδπμ σέβομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyπμπδπμ σέβομαι: meaning 'those who fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
34
μὴ δὴ παραδῷς ἡμᾶς εἰς τέλος διὰ τὸ ὄνομά σου καὶ μὴ διασκεδάσῃς τὴν διαθήκην σου
Do not, then, hand us over utterly for your name's sake, and do not scatter your covenant.
After confession comes petition. The appeal is not grounded in innocence but in God's own name and covenant fidelity, which Azariah asks him not to let collapse into final ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
δὴnow / indeedX · δήsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to context→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyδὴ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραδῷςgiveVO AAS2S · δίδωμι + παραparticipial verbal form supplying circumstance, cause, manner, or attendant action→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form supplying circumstance, cause, manner, or attendant action.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τέλοςendN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative complement→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyτέλος: meaning 'end'; it serves as accusative complement.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
διασκεδάσῃςscatterVA AAS2S · σκεδάζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσκεδάζω + δια: meaning 'scatter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαθήκηνcovenantN1 ASF · διαθήκηcommon noun within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
35
καὶ μὴ ἀποστήσῃς τὸ ἔλεός σου ἀφ' ἡμῶν δι' Αβρααμ τὸν ἠγαπημένον ὑπὸ σοῦ καὶ διὰ Ισαακ τὸν δοῦλόν σου καὶ Ισραηλ τὸν ἅγιόν σου
And do not withdraw your mercy from us, for the sake of Abraham your beloved, and for the sake of Isaac your servant, and Israel your holy one,
The covenant plea becomes ancestral. Mercy is sought through the remembered bond with Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, so the prayer leans on the enduring election of the fathers.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀποστήσῃςwithdrawVA AAS2S · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'withdraw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλεόςmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςobject of κατά→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as object of κατά.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀφ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀφ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement.
ΑβρααμAbrahamN ASM · Ἀβραάμindeclinable or proper-name element functioning in the clause as written→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyΑβρααμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable or proper-name element functioning in the clause as written.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἠγαπημένονbelovedVM · χμπασμ ἀγαπάωverbal form contributing action, state, or process to the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyχμπασμ ἀγαπάω: meaning 'beloved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form contributing action, state, or process to the clause.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement→ relation marked by the governing prepositionὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙσαακIsaacN ASM · Ισαακproper-name element in the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyΙσαακ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name element in the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλόνservantN2 ASM · δοῦλοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyδοῦλος: meaning 'servant'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιόνholyA1A ASM · ἅγιοςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
36
οἷς ἐλάλησας πρὸς αὐτοὺς λέγων πληθῦναι τὸ σπέρμα αὐτῶν ὡς τὰ ἄστρα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ὡς τὴν ἄμμον τὴν παρὰ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης
to whom you spoke, saying that you would multiply their seed like the stars of heaven and like the sand beside the shore of the sea.
The patriarchal appeal is strengthened by quoting the promise itself. Multiplication language sharpens the irony of the community's present diminishment and prepares the lament that follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
οἷςwho / whichRR DPM · ὅςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyοἷς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐλάλησαςspeakVAI AAI2S · λαλέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal action in summary styleπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
πληθῦναιmultipliedVA AAN · πληθύνωinfinitive→ perfective infinitiveπληθύνω: meaning 'multiplied'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπέρμαseedN3M ASN · σπέρμαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσπέρμα: meaning 'seed'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄστραstarN2N APN · ἄστρονgenitival dependent within the phrase→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἄστρον: meaning 'star'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςcommon noun within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄμμονsandN2 ASF · ἄμμοςcomparative accusative→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἄμμος: meaning 'sand'; it serves as comparative accusative.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖλοςshoreN3E ASN · χεῖλοςobject of παρά in the simile→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyχεῖλος: meaning 'shore'; it serves as object of παρά in the simile.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαλάσσηςseaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
37
ὅτι δέσποτα ἐσμικρύνθημεν παρὰ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη καί ἐσμεν ταπεινοὶ ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ σήμερον διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν
For, Master, we have become fewer than every nation and are brought low in all the earth today because of our sins.
The promised seed now appears reduced and humiliated. Azariah interprets this diminution as the visible consequence of sin rather than as a contradiction of God's earlier word.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέσποταmasterN1M VSM · δεσπότηςNominal modifier or complement→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyδεσπότης: meaning 'master'; it serves as Nominal modifier or complement.
ἐσμικρύνθημενwe have become fewVCI API1P · σμικρύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσμικρύνω: meaning 'we have become few'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καίandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationκαί: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσμενbeV9 PAI1P · εἰμίverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ imperfectiveεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ταπεινοὶlowlyA1 NPM · ταπεινόςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyταπεινός: meaning 'lowly'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
σήμερονtodayD · σήμερονadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσήμερον: meaning 'today'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A APF · ἁμαρτίαnominal term functioning as a accusative complement→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a accusative complement.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
38
καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τούτῳ ἄρχων καὶ προφήτης καὶ ἡγούμενος οὐδὲ ὁλοκαύτωσις οὐδὲ θυσία οὐδὲ προσφορὰ οὐδὲ θυμίαμα οὐ τόπος τοῦ καρπῶσαι ἐνώπιόν σου καὶ εὑρεῖν ἔλεος
And at this time there is no ruler, prophet, or leader, no whole burnt offering, sacrifice, offering, or incense, and no place to bring firstfruits before you and find mercy.
The prayer names the full extent of deprivation: political, prophetic, and cultic. The absence of sacrificial access raises the chapter's central question of how the people can still approach God.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςcommon noun within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τούτῳto himRD DSM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyτούτῳ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἄρχωνruler / leaderN3 NSM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἄρχων: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προφήτηςprophetN1M NSM · προφήτηςcommon noun within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡγούμενοςa prince / leaderV2 · πμπνσμ ἡγέομαιparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπμπνσμ ἡγέομαι: meaning 'a prince'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁλοκαύτωσιςburnt offeringN3I NSF · ὁλοκαύτωσιςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequence→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyὁλοκαύτωσις: meaning 'burnt offering'; it serves as proper name or indeclinable element within the sequence.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυσίαsacrificeN1A NSF · θυσίαsubject (verbless clause)→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyθυσία: meaning 'sacrifice'; it serves as subject (verbless clause).
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσφορὰofferingN1A NSF · προσφοράnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyπροσφορά: meaning 'offering'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυμίαμαincense offeringN3M NSN · θυμίαμαSubject / head term→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyθυμίαμα: meaning 'incense offering'; it serves as Subject / head term.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
τόποςplaceN2 NSM · τόποςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρπῶσαιbring firstfruitsVA AAN · καρπόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyκαρπόω: meaning 'bring firstfruits'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνώπιόνenopionP · ἐνώπιονprepositional element governing its complement→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἐνώπιόν: meaning 'enopion'; here it marks the relation signaled by prepositional element governing its complement.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑρεῖνto findVB AAN · εὑρίσκωinfinitive expressing purpose, content, or verbal action→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyεὑρίσκω: meaning 'to find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing purpose, content, or verbal action.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
39
ἀλλ' ἐν ψυχῇ συντετριμμένῃ καὶ πνεύματι ταπεινώσεως προσδεχθείημεν ὡς ἐν ὁλοκαυτώμασιν κριῶν καὶ ταύρων καὶ ὡς ἐν μυριάσιν ἀρνῶν πιόνων
But may we be received with a broken soul and a humbled spirit, as with whole burnt offerings of rams and bulls and as with tens of thousands of fat lambs.
The deprivation of sacrifice is answered by a transformed theology of sacrifice. Contrition and humility are offered as the equivalent of abundant cultic gifts, anticipating later biblical language about broken-hearted worship.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ψυχῇsoulN1 DSF · ψυχήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
συντετριμμένῃbrokenVP · χμπδσφ τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyχμπδσφ τρίβω + συν: meaning 'broken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πνεύματιspiritN3M DSN · πνεῦμαdative complement within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
ταπεινώσεωςafflictionN3I GSF · ταπείνωσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyταπείνωσις: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
προσδεχθείημενmay we be receivedVC APO1P · δέχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyδέχομαι + προς: meaning 'may we be received'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὁλοκαυτώμασινwhole burnt offeringsN3M DPN · ὁλοκαύτωμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyὁλοκαύτωμα: meaning 'whole burnt offerings'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κριῶνbattering ramN2 GPM · κριόςgenitive (of material/source: 'skins of rams')→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyκριός: meaning 'battering ram'; it serves as genitive (of material/source: 'skins of rams').
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταύρωνof bullsN2 GPM · ταῦροςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyταῦρος: meaning 'of bulls'; it serves as genitive dependent within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μυριάσινtens of thousandsN3D DPF · μυριάςdative element marking reference, means, or association→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyμυριάς: meaning 'tens of thousands'; it serves as dative element marking reference, means, or association.
ἀρνῶνlambN3 GPM · ἀρνόςgenitive nominal element qualifying another term within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἀρνός: meaning 'lamb'; it serves as genitive nominal element qualifying another term within the clause.
πιόνωνfattenedA3N GPM · πίωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyπίων: meaning 'fattened'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
40
οὕτως γενέσθω ἡ θυσία ἡμῶν ἐνώπιόν σου σήμερον καὶ ἐκτελέσαι ὄπισθέν σου ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν αἰσχύνη τοῖς πεποιθόσιν ἐπὶ σοί
So let our sacrifice be before you today, and let it be brought to completion in following after you, because there is no shame for those who trust in you.
The figurative offering of verse 39 is now directly presented for acceptance. Trust replaces ritual sufficiency as the ground on which the prayer expects not shame but welcome.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
γενέσθωbecome / happenVB AMD3S · γίγνομαιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ aorist imperative issuing a direct commandγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαsacrificeN1A NSF · θυσίαsubject (verbless clause)→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyθυσία: meaning 'sacrifice'; it serves as subject (verbless clause).
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐνώπιόνenopionP · ἐνώπιονprepositional element governing its complement→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἐνώπιόν: meaning 'enopion'; here it marks the relation signaled by prepositional element governing its complement.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
σήμερονtodayD · σήμερονadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσήμερον: meaning 'today'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκτελέσαιbring to completionVA AMD2S · τελέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyτελέω + ἐκ: meaning 'bring to completion'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὄπισθένafterD · ὄπισθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyὄπισθέν: meaning 'after'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αἰσχύνηshameN1 NSF · αἰσχύνηnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyαἰσχύνη: meaning 'shame'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning within the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεποιθόσινpeithoVX · χαπδπμ πείθωverbal element advancing the action or state of the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyχαπδπμ πείθω: meaning 'peitho'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the action or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σοίyourRP DS · σύpronoun→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσοί: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
41
καὶ νῦν ἐξακολουθοῦμεν ἐν ὅλῃ καρδίᾳ καὶ φοβούμεθά σε καὶ ζητοῦμεν τὸ πρόσωπόν σου μὴ καταισχύνῃς ἡμᾶς
And now we follow you with our whole heart, and we fear you, and we seek your face; do not put us to shame.
The prayer turns from symbolic sacrifice to present posture. Wholehearted pursuit, fear, and face-seeking portray repentance not merely as regret but as renewed covenant orientation.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse pivot to present applicationνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξακολουθοῦμενwe follow afterV2 PAI1P · ἀκολουθέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἀκολουθέω + ἐκ: meaning 'we follow after'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὅλῃὅλοςA1 DSF · ὅλοςcommon noun within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyὅλος: meaning 'ὅλος'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative complement→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοβούμεθάwe fearV2 PMI1P · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyφοβέω: meaning 'we fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζητοῦμενseekV2 PAI1P · ζητέωfinite verb governing the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyζητέω: meaning 'seek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb governing the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπόνfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
καταισχύνῃςyou may disgraceV1 PAS2S · αἰσχύνω + καταverbal element expressing action, process, or state within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyαἰσχύνω + κατα: meaning 'you may disgrace'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element expressing action, process, or state within the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
42
ἀλλὰ ποίησον μεθ' ἡμῶν κατὰ τὴν ἐπιείκειάν σου καὶ κατὰ τὸ πλῆθος τοῦ ἐλέου σου
But deal with us according to your gentleness and according to the abundance of your mercy.
Justice has been confessed; now mercy is explicitly requested. The basis of hope lies in God's own character, especially his gentleness and overflowing compassion.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunction→ coordinationἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποίησονdoVA AAD2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ imperative force: expresses a command or exhortationποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or command of the clause.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμεθ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιείκειάνgentlenessN1 ASF · ἐπιείκειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἐπιείκεια: meaning 'gentleness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative object or complement→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as accusative object or complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλέουmercyN3E GSN · ἔλεοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
43
καὶ ἐξελοῦ ἡμᾶς κατὰ τὰ θαυμάσιά σου καὶ δὸς δόξαν τῷ ὀνόματί σου κύριε
And deliver us according to your wonders, and give glory to your name, O Lord.
The prayer asks for intervention that matches the Lord's wondrous acts. Rescue is sought not simply for relief but so that the divine name may again be publicly glorified.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελοῦdeliverVB AMD2S · αἱρέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ aorist middle imperativeαἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'deliver'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαυμάσιάwondersA1A APN · θαυμάσιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyθαυμάσιος: meaning 'wonders'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὸςgiveVO AAD2S · δίδωμιimperative verb→ aoristic commandδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperative verb.
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματίnameN3M DSN · ὄνομαcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
44
καὶ ἐντραπείησαν πάντες οἱ ἐνδεικνύμενοι τοῖς δούλοις σου κακὰ καὶ καταισχυνθείησαν ἀπὸ πάσης δυνάμεως καὶ δυναστείας καὶ ἡ ἰσχὺς αὐτῶν συντριβείη
And let all who show evils to your servants be put to shame, and let them be disgraced from all power and dominion, and let their strength be broken.
The prayer turns outward against the persecutors. Their power is asked to collapse in the same public sphere where God's servants had been shamed.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐντραπείησανlet them be shamedVD APO3P · τρέπω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyτρέπω + ἐν: meaning 'let them be shamed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνδεικνύμενοιdisplayingV5 · πμπνπμ δεικνύω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyπμπνπμ δεικνύω + ἐν: meaning 'displaying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλοιςservantsN2 DPM · δοῦλοςobject of ἐπί (those pitied)→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyδοῦλος: meaning 'servants'; it serves as object of ἐπί (those pitied).
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κακὰevilsA1 APN · κακόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyκακός: meaning 'evils'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταισχυνθείησανlet them be disgracedVC APO3P · αἰσχύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyαἰσχύνω + κατα: meaning 'let them be disgraced'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πάσηςeveryoneA1S GSF · πᾶςadjectival modifier→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival modifier.
δυνάμεωςforce / powerN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δυναστείαςDynasteiasN1A GSF · δυναστείαgenitive dependent→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyδυναστεία: meaning 'Dynasteias'; it serves as genitive dependent.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχὺςstrengthN3 NSF · ἰσχύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
συντριβείηlet it be brokenVD APO3S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyτρίβω + συν: meaning 'let it be broken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
45
καὶ γνώτωσαν ὅτι σὺ εἶ κύριος ὁ θεὸς μόνος καὶ ἔνδοξος ἐφ' ὅλην τὴν οἰκουμένην ὕμνος τῶν τριῶν παίδων
And let them know that you alone are the Lord God, glorious over all the inhabited earth. Hymn of the Three Children.
The prayer reaches its theological end in universal recognition of the Lord's sole sovereignty. The appended heading serves as a hinge within Odes, handing the reader from Azariah's plea into the hymn of the three children.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνώτωσανlet ... knowVZ AAD3P · γιγνώσκωthird-person imperative petitioning for recognition→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyγιγνώσκω: meaning 'let ... know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as third-person imperative petitioning for recognition.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoing or immediateεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
μόνοςaloneA1 NSM · μόνοςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyμόνος: meaning 'alone'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔνδοξοςhonored / held in honorA1B NSM · ἔνδοξοςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyἔνδοξος: meaning 'honored'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὅληνwholeA1 ASF · ὅλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyὅλος: meaning 'whole'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκουμένηνinhabitV2 · πμπασφ οἰκέωparticipial verbal form supplying circumstance, cause, manner, or attendant action→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyπμπασφ οἰκέω: meaning 'inhabit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form supplying circumstance, cause, manner, or attendant action.
ὕμνοςhymnN2 NSM · ὕμνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyὕμνος: meaning 'hymn'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τριῶνthreeA3 GPM · τρεῖςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
παίδωνchildrenN3 GPM · παῖςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ righteous judgment, humility, and covenant mercyπαῖς: meaning 'children'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.