1
υἱὸς σοφὸς εὐφραίνει πατέρα υἱὸς δὲ ἄφρων λύπη τῇ μητρί
A wise son gladdens a father, but a foolish son is grief to his mother.
The opening saying sets the chapter's basic antithesis in the intimate sphere of family joy and sorrow.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοφὸςwiseA1 NSM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὐφραίνειgladdensV1 PAI3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὐφραίνω: meaning 'gladdens'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πατέραfatherN3 ASM · πατήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄφρωνfoolishA3N NSM · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'foolish'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λύπηgriefN1 NSF · λύπηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλύπη: meaning 'grief'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῇto theRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μητρίto the motherN3 DSF · μήτηρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμήτηρ: meaning 'to the mother'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
2
οὐκ ὠφελήσουσιν θησαυροὶ ἀνόμους δικαιοσύνη δὲ ῥύσεται ἐκ θανάτου
Lawless treasures will not profit, but righteousness will rescue from death.
Material gain acquired outside justice is set against righteousness as the only lasting deliverance.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὠφελήσουσινwill profitVF FAI3P · ὠφελέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὠφελέω: meaning 'will profit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θησαυροὶtreasuresN2 NPM · θησαυρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθησαυρός: meaning 'treasures'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνόμουςlawlessA1B APM · ἄνομοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δικαιοσύνηrighteousnessN1 NSF · δικαιοσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥύσεταιwill rescueVF FMI3S · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureῥύομαι: meaning 'will rescue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
3
οὐ λιμοκτονήσει κύριος ψυχὴν δικαίαν ζωὴν δὲ ἀσεβῶν ἀνατρέψει
The Lord will not let a righteous soul go hungry, but he overturns the life of the ungodly.
Divine providence preserves the righteous while undoing the apparent vitality of the impious.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λιμοκτονήσειwill let go hungryVF FAI3S · λιμοκτονέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλιμοκτονέω: meaning 'will let go hungry'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ψυχὴνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δικαίανrighteousA1A ASF · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ζωὴνlifeN1 ASF · ζωήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνατρέψειwill overturnVF FAI3S · τρέπω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτρέπω + ἀνα: meaning 'will overturn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
πενία ἄνδρα ταπεινοῖ χεῖρες δὲ ἀνδρείων πλουτίζουσιν υἱὸς πεπαιδευμένος σοφὸς ἔσται τῷ δὲ ἄφρονι διακόνῳ χρήσεται
Poverty humbles a man, but the hands of the diligent enrich; a disciplined son will be wise, but the fool will make use of a servant.
The saying links economic diligence and teachability, then exposes folly as dependent and poorly ordered.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
πενίαpovertyN1A NSF · πενίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπενία: meaning 'poverty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ταπεινοῖhumblesV4 PAI3S · ταπεινόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processταπεινόω: meaning 'humbles'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χεῖρεςhandsN3 NPF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνδρείωνdiligentA1A GPM · ἀνδρεῖοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνδρεῖος: meaning 'diligent'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πλουτίζουσινenrichV1 PAI3P · πλουτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπλουτίζω: meaning 'enrich'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πεπαιδευμένοςdisciplinedVM · χμπνσμ παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσμ παιδεύω: meaning 'disciplined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφὸςwiseA1 NSM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσταιwill beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄφρονιfoolishA3N DSM · ἄφρωνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄφρων: meaning 'foolish'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
διακόνῳof a servantN2 DSM · διάκονοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδιάκονος: meaning 'of a servant'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
χρήσεταιwill make use ofVF FMI3S · χράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureχράω: meaning 'will make use of'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
διεσώθη ἀπὸ καύματος υἱὸς νοήμων ἀνεμόφθορος δὲ γίνεται ἐν ἀμήτῳ υἱὸς παράνομος
A prudent son is preserved from the heat, but a lawless son becomes blighted at harvest.
Seasonal imagery marks prudence as timely preservation and lawlessness as ruin at the very moment of yield.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
διεσώθηwas preservedVCI API3S · σώζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσώζω + δια: meaning 'was preserved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καύματοςheatN3M GSN · καῦμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαῦμα: meaning 'heat'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
νοήμωνprudentA3N NSM · νοήμωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνοήμων: meaning 'prudent'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνεμόφθοροςblighted by windA1B NSM · ἀνεμόφθοροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνεμόφθορος: meaning 'blighted by wind'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γίνεταιbecomesV1 PMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγίγνομαι: meaning 'becomes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀμήτῳharvestN2 DSM · ἀμητόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀμητός: meaning 'harvest'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παράνομοςlawlessA1B NSM · παράνομοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαράνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
6
εὐλογία κυρίου ἐπὶ κεφαλὴν δικαίου στόμα δὲ ἀσεβῶν καλύψει πένθος ἄωρον
The Lord's blessing is upon the head of the righteous, but the mouth of the ungodly will cover untimely grief.
Blessing resting on the righteous is opposed to a mouth that can only conceal or carry premature mourning.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
εὐλογίαblessingN1A NSF · εὐλογίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐλογία: meaning 'blessing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δικαίουof the righteousA1A GSM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of the righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
στόμαmouthN3M NSN · στόμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καλύψειwill coverVF FAI3S · καλύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαλύπτω: meaning 'will cover'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πένθοςmourningN3E ASN · πένθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπένθος: meaning 'mourning'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄωρονuntimelyA1B ASN · ἄωροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄωρος: meaning 'untimely'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
7
μνήμη δικαίων μετ' ἐγκωμίων ὄνομα δὲ ἀσεβοῦς σβέννυται
The memory of the righteous is with praises, but the name of the ungodly is extinguished.
Reputation after death becomes a moral index: the righteous are remembered well, the impious fade out.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
μνήμηmemoryN1 NSF · μνήμηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμνήμη: meaning 'memory'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δικαίωνof the righteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of the righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐγκωμίωνwith praisesN2 GPN · ἐγκώμιονςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐγκώμιονς: meaning 'with praises'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβοῦςof the ungodlyA3H GSM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σβέννυταιis extinguishedV5 PMI3S · σβέννυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσβέννυμι: meaning 'is extinguished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
8
σοφὸς καρδίᾳ δέξεται ἐντολάς ὁ δὲ ἄστεγος χείλεσιν σκολιάζων ὑποσκελισθήσεται
The wise in heart will receive commands, but the one with unguarded lips, twisting things, will be tripped up.
Teachability and verbal disorder are paired as opposite dispositions with opposite outcomes.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
σοφὸςwiseA1 NSM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καρδίᾳin heartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'in heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δέξεταιwill receiveVF FMI3S · δέχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδέχομαι: meaning 'will receive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐντολάςcommandsN1 APF · ἐντολήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐντολή: meaning 'commands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄστεγοςungovernedA1B NSM · ἄστεγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄστεγος: meaning 'ungoverned'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χείλεσινwith lipsN3E DPN · χεῖλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχεῖλος: meaning 'with lips'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σκολιάζωνtwistingV1 · παπνσμ σκολιάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ σκολιάζω: meaning 'twisting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑποσκελισθήσεταιwill be tripped upVS FPI3S · σκελίζω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσκελίζω + ὑπο: meaning 'will be tripped up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
ὃς πορεύεται ἁπλῶς πορεύεται πεποιθώς ὁ δὲ διαστρέφων τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ γνωσθήσεται
Whoever walks simply walks confidently, but the one who perverts his ways will be found out.
Integrity generates steady confidence, whereas crooked conduct finally becomes visible.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὃςwhoeverRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'whoever'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πορεύεταιwalksV1 PMI3S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι: meaning 'walks'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁπλῶςsimplyD · ἁπλῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἁπλῶς: meaning 'simply'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορεύεταιwalksV1 PMI3S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι: meaning 'walks'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πεποιθώςconfidentlyVX · χαπνσμ πείθωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνσμ πείθω: meaning 'confidently'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαστρέφωνpervertingV1 · παπνσμ στρέφω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ στρέφω + δια: meaning 'perverting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γνωσθήσεταιwill be knownVS FPI3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγιγνώσκω: meaning 'will be known'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
ὁ ἐννεύων ὀφθαλμοῖς μετὰ δόλου συνάγει ἀνδράσι λύπας ὁ δὲ ἐλέγχων μετὰ παρρησίας εἰρηνοποιεῖ
He who winks with the eyes in deceit gathers griefs for men, but the one who reproves with boldness makes peace.
Covert manipulation breeds communal pain, while frank correction serves reconciliation.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐννεύωνwinkingV1 · παπνσμ νεύω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ νεύω + ἐν: meaning 'winking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀφθαλμοῖςwith the eyesN2 DPM · ὀφθαλμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'with the eyes'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δόλουdeceitN2 GSM · δόλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδόλος: meaning 'deceit'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
συνάγειgathersV1 PAI3S · ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄγω + συν: meaning 'gathers'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνδράσιfor menN3 DPM · ἀνήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ: meaning 'for men'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
λύπαςgriefsN1 APF · λύπηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλύπη: meaning 'griefs'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλέγχωνreprovingV1 · παπνσμ ἐλέγχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἐλέγχω: meaning 'reproving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παρρησίαςwith boldnessN1A GSF · παρρησίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαρρησία: meaning 'with boldness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰρηνοποιεῖmakes peaceV2 PAI3S · εἰρηνοποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰρηνοποιέω: meaning 'makes peace'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
11
πηγὴ ζωῆς ἐν χειρὶ δικαίου στόμα δὲ ἀσεβοῦς καλύψει ἀπώλεια
A spring of life is in the hand of the righteous, but the mouth of the ungodly will cover destruction.
Righteous agency is life-giving, whereas wicked speech is aligned with ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πηγὴspringN1 NSF · πηγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπηγή: meaning 'spring'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ζωῆςof lifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'of life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειρὶin the handN3 DSF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'in the hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δικαίουof the righteousA1A GSM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of the righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
στόμαmouthN3M NSN · στόμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβοῦςof the ungodlyA3H GSM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καλύψειwill coverVF FAI3S · καλύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαλύπτω: meaning 'will cover'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπώλειαdestructionN1A NSF · ἀπώλειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
12
μῖσος ἐγείρει νεῖκος πάντας δὲ τοὺς μὴ φιλονεικοῦντας καλύπτει φιλία
Hatred stirs up strife, but friendship covers all who are not quarrelsome.
The proverb opposes the generative force of hatred to the shielding, reconciling force of loyal affection.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μῖσοςhatredN3E NSN · μῖσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμῖσος: meaning 'hatred'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγείρειstirs upV1 PAI3S · ἐγείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐγείρω: meaning 'stirs up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νεῖκοςstrifeN3E ASN · νεῖκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνεῖκος: meaning 'strife'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςthose whoRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φιλονεικοῦνταςbeing quarrelsomeV2 · παπαπμ φιλονεικέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ φιλονεικέω: meaning 'being quarrelsome'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καλύπτειcoversV1 PAI3S · καλύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκαλύπτω: meaning 'covers'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φιλίαfriendshipN1A NSF · φιλίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφιλία: meaning 'friendship'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
13
ὃς ἐκ χειλέων προφέρει σοφίαν ῥάβδῳ τύπτει ἄνδρα ἀκάρδιον
He who brings forth wisdom from his lips strikes a senseless man with a rod.
Wise speech itself becomes corrective force against the uncomprehending person.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὃςwhoeverRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'whoever'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειλέωνof lipsN3E GPN · χεῖλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχεῖλος: meaning 'of lips'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
προφέρειbrings forthV1 PAI3S · φέρω + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφέρω + προ: meaning 'brings forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ῥάβδῳwith a rodN2 DSF · ῥάβδοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceῥάβδος: meaning 'with a rod'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τύπτειstrikesV1 PAI3S · τύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτύπτω: meaning 'strikes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀκάρδιονsenselessA1B ASM · ἀκάρδιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀκάρδιος: meaning 'senseless'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
14
σοφοὶ κρύψουσιν αἴσθησιν στόμα δὲ προπετοῦς ἐγγίζει συντριβῇ
The wise will hide knowledge, but the mouth of the rash draws near to ruin.
Measured reserve preserves wisdom, while impulsive speech moves toward self-destruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
σοφοὶthe wiseA1 NPM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'the wise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κρύψουσινwill hideVF FAI3P · κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρύπτω: meaning 'will hide'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἴσθησινknowledgeN3I ASF · αἴσθησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἴσθησις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
στόμαmouthN3M NSN · στόμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προπετοῦςof the rashA3H GSM · προπετήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπροπετής: meaning 'of the rash'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐγγίζειdraws nearV1 PAI3S · ἐγγίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐγγίζω: meaning 'draws near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συντριβῇto ruinN1 NSF · συντριβήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυντριβή: meaning 'to ruin'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
15
κτῆσις πλουσίων πόλις ὀχυρά συντριβὴ δὲ ἀσεβῶν πενία
The possessions of the rich are a strong city, but the ruin of the ungodly is poverty.
Economic imagery becomes moralized: wealth can fortify, but wickedness tends toward collapse and want.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
κτῆσιςpossessionsN3I NSF · κτῆσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκτῆσις: meaning 'possessions'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πλουσίωνof the richA1A GPM · πλούσιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπλούσιος: meaning 'of the rich'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πόλιςcityN3I NSF · πόλιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὀχυράstrongA1A NSF · ὀχυρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀχυρός: meaning 'strong'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
συντριβὴruinN1 NSF · συντριβήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυντριβή: meaning 'ruin'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πενίαpovertyN1A NPN · πενίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπενία: meaning 'poverty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
16
ἔργα δικαίων ζωὴν ποιεῖ καρποὶ δὲ ἀσεβῶν ἁμαρτίας
The works of the righteous produce life, but the fruits of the ungodly produce sins.
The proverb weighs moral output by its harvest: life from righteousness, sin from impiety.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἔργαworksN2N NPN · ἔργονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δικαίωνof the righteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of the righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ζωὴνlifeN1 ASF · ζωήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποιεῖproducesV2 PAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποιέω: meaning 'produces'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καρποὶfruitsN2 NPM · καρπόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρπός: meaning 'fruits'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἁμαρτίαςsinsN1A APF · ἁμαρτίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sins'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
17
ὁδοὺς δικαίας ζωῆς φυλάσσει παιδεία παιδεία δὲ ἀνεξέλεγκτος πλανᾶται
Discipline keeps the ways of righteous life, but undisciplined correction goes astray.
Accepted formation guards the path, whereas uncorrected or unexamined discipline becomes misdirection.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δικαίαςrighteousA1A GSF · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ζωῆςof lifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'of life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φυλάσσειkeepsV1 PAI3S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφυλάσσω: meaning 'keeps'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παιδείαdisciplineN1A NSF · παιδείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παιδείαdisciplineN1A NSF · παιδείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνεξέλεγκτοςwithout correctionA1B NSF · ἀνεξέλεγκτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνεξέλεγκτος: meaning 'without correction'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πλανᾶταιgoes astrayV3 PMI3S · πλανάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπλανάω: meaning 'goes astray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
18
καλύπτουσιν ἔχθραν χείλη δίκαια οἱ δὲ ἐκφέροντες λοιδορίας ἀφρονέστατοί εἰσιν
Righteous lips conceal hatred, but those who utter reproaches are utterly foolish.
Restrained speech is marked as righteous, while open insult reveals an extreme lack of sense.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καλύπτουσινconcealV1 PAI3P · καλύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκαλύπτω: meaning 'conceal'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔχθρανhatredA1A ASF · ἐχθρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'hatred'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χείληlipsN3E NPN · χεῖλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δίκαιαrighteousA1A NPN · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱthose whoRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκφέροντεςutteringV1 · παπνπμ φέρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ φέρω + ἐκ: meaning 'uttering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λοιδορίαςreproachesN1A APF · λοιδορίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλοιδορία: meaning 'reproaches'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀφρονέστατοίmost foolishA3N NPMS · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'most foolish'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰσινareV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
19
ἐκ πολυλογίας οὐκ ἐκφεύξῃ ἁμαρτίαν φειδόμενος δὲ χειλέων νοήμων ἔσῃ
In much speaking you will not escape sin, but by sparing your lips you will be prudent.
Verbal abundance is dangerous; restraint is the mark of understanding.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πολυλογίαςmuch speakingN1A GSF · πολυλογίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολυλογία: meaning 'much speaking'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκφεύξῃyou will escapeVF FMI2S · φεύγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφεύγω + ἐκ: meaning 'you will escape'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁμαρτίανsinN1A ASF · ἁμαρτίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φειδόμενοςsparingV1 · πμπνσμ φείδομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ φείδομαι: meaning 'sparing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χειλέωνof lipsN3E GPN · χεῖλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχεῖλος: meaning 'of lips'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
νοήμωνprudentA3N NSM · νοήμωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνοήμων: meaning 'prudent'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσῃyou will beVF FMI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'you will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
20
ἄργυρος πεπυρωμένος γλῶσσα δικαίου καρδία δὲ ἀσεβοῦς ἐκλείψει
The tongue of the righteous is refined silver, but the heart of the ungodly will fail.
The saying contrasts purified, weighty speech with the inner depletion of the impious.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἄργυροςsilverN2 NSM · ἄργυροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄργυρος: meaning 'silver'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πεπυρωμένοςrefined by fireVM · χππνσμ πυρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνσμ πυρόω: meaning 'refined by fire'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γλῶσσαtongueN1S NSF · γλῶσσαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δικαίουof the righteousA1A GSM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of the righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβοῦςof the ungodlyA3H GSM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκλείψειwill failVF FAI3S · λείπω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλείπω + ἐκ: meaning 'will fail'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
21
χείλη δικαίων ἐπίσταται ὑψηλά οἱ δὲ ἄφρονες ἐν ἐνδείᾳ τελευτῶσιν
The lips of the righteous understand lofty things, but fools die in want.
Righteous speech rises to what is elevated, while folly ends in deprivation.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
χείληlipsN3E NPN · χεῖλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δικαίωνof the righteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of the righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπίσταταιunderstandsV6 PMI3S · ἵσταμαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἵσταμαι + ἐπι: meaning 'understands'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑψηλάlofty thingsA1 APN · ὑψηλόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑψηλός: meaning 'lofty things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἱthose whoRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄφρονεςfoolsA3N NPM · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'fools'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐνδείᾳwantN1A DSF · ἔνδειαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔνδεια: meaning 'want'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τελευτῶσινdieV3 PAI3P · τελευτάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτελευτάω: meaning 'die'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
22
εὐλογία κυρίου ἐπὶ κεφαλὴν δικαίου αὕτη πλουτίζει καὶ οὐ μὴ προστεθῇ αὐτῇ λύπη ἐν καρδίᾳ
The Lord's blessing is upon the head of the righteous; it enriches, and no grief of heart will be added to it.
Here prosperity is explicitly grounded in divine blessing rather than anxious human accumulation.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
εὐλογίαblessingN1A NSF · εὐλογίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐλογία: meaning 'blessing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δικαίουof the righteousA1A GSM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of the righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πλουτίζειenrichesV1 PAI3S · πλουτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπλουτίζω: meaning 'enriches'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προστεθῇmay be addedVC APS3S · τίθημι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτίθημι + προς: meaning 'may be added'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇto itRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'to it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λύπηgriefN1 NSF · λύπηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλύπη: meaning 'grief'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καρδίᾳin heartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'in heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
23
ἐν γέλωτι ἄφρων πράσσει κακά ἡ δὲ σοφία ἀνδρὶ τίκτει φρόνησιν
A fool practices evil in laughter, but wisdom gives birth to prudence for a man.
Folly treats evil as amusement, whereas wisdom is generative of discernment.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γέλωτιin laughterN3T DSM · γέλωςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγέλως: meaning 'in laughter'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἄφρωνfoolishA3N NSM · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'foolish'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πράσσειpracticesV1 PAI3S · πράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπράσσω: meaning 'practices'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακάevil thingsA1 APN · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evil things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνδρὶfor a manN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ: meaning 'for a man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τίκτειgives birth toV1 PAI3S · τίκτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτίκτω: meaning 'gives birth to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φρόνησινprudenceN3I ASF · φρόνησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφρόνησις: meaning 'prudence'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
24
ἐν ἀπωλείᾳ ἀσεβὴς περιφέρεται ἐπιθυμία δὲ δικαίου δεκτή
The ungodly is borne along in destruction, but the desire of the righteous is acceptable.
The wicked drift within ruin, while the righteous person's desire is received favorably.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀπωλείᾳdestructionN1A DSF · ἀπώλειαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀσεβὴςungodlyA3H NSM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
περιφέρεταιis borne aboutV1 PMI3S · φέρω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφέρω + περι: meaning 'is borne about'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπιθυμίαdesireN1A NSF · ἐπιθυμίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desire'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαίουof the righteousA1A GSM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of the righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δεκτήacceptableA1 NSF · δεκτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδεκτός: meaning 'acceptable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
25
παραπορευομένης καταιγίδος ἀφανίζεται ἀσεβής δίκαιος δὲ ἐκκλίνας σῴζεται εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα
When the storm passes by, the ungodly vanishes, but the righteous, having turned aside, is saved forever.
The passing storm reveals the difference between what is swept away and what endures.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
παραπορευομένηςpassing byV1 · πμπγσφ πορεύομαι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσφ πορεύομαι + παρα: meaning 'passing by'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καταιγίδοςstormN3D DSF · καταιγίςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαταιγίς: meaning 'storm'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀφανίζεταιvanishesV1 PMI3S · ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἵζω + ἀπο + ἀνα: meaning 'vanishes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀσεβήςungodlyA3H NSM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκκλίναςhaving turned asideVA · ααπνσμ κλίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ κλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'having turned aside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σῴζεταιis savedV1 PMI3S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσώζω: meaning 'is saved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναforeverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'forever'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
26
ὥσπερ ὄμφαξ ὀδοῦσι βλαβερὸν καὶ καπνὸς ὄμμασιν οὕτως παρανομία τοῖς χρωμένοις αὐτήν
As sour grapes are harmful to the teeth and smoke to the eyes, so lawlessness is to those who make use of it.
Two sharp bodily irritants illustrate the corrosive effect of relying on lawlessness.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄμφαξsour grapesN3K NSF · ὄμφαξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄμφαξ: meaning 'sour grapes'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὀδοῦσιto the teethN3 DPM · ὀδούςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀδούς: meaning 'to the teeth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
βλαβερὸνharmfulA1A ASM · βλαβερόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβλαβερός: meaning 'harmful'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καπνὸςsmokeN2 NSM · καπνόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαπνός: meaning 'smoke'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὄμμασινto the eyesN3M DPN · ὄμμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄμμα: meaning 'to the eyes'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὕτωςsoD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'so'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρανομίαlawlessnessN1A NSF · παρανομίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαρανομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῖςfor those whoRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρωμένοιςusingV3 · πμπδπμ χράομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπδπμ χράομαι: meaning 'using'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
27
φόβος κυρίου προστίθησιν ἡμέρας ἔτη δὲ ἀσεβῶν ὀλιγωθήσεται
Fear of the Lord adds days, but the years of the ungodly will be shortened.
Reverence for the Lord lengthens life in principle, while impiety cuts it short.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
προστίθησινaddsV7 PAI3S · τίθημι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτίθημι + προς: meaning 'adds'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔτηyearsN3E NPN · ἔτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὀλιγωθήσεταιwill be shortenedVC FPI3S · ὀλιγόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλιγόω: meaning 'will be shortened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
28
ἐγχρονίζει δικαίοις εὐφροσύνη ἐλπὶς δὲ ἀσεβῶν ὄλλυται
Gladness lingers for the righteous, but the hope of the ungodly perishes.
The righteous enjoy durable joy, whereas wicked expectation dissolves.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ἐγχρονίζειlingersV1 PAI3S · χρονίζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processχρονίζω + ἐν: meaning 'lingers'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δικαίοιςfor the righteousA1A DPM · δίκαιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδίκαιος: meaning 'for the righteous'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
εὐφροσύνηgladnessN1 NSF · εὐφροσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐφροσύνη: meaning 'gladness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐλπὶςhopeN3D NSF · ἐλπίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλπίς: meaning 'hope'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὄλλυταιperishesV5 PMI3S · ὄλλυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὄλλυμι: meaning 'perishes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
29
ὀχύρωμα ὁσίου φόβος κυρίου συντριβὴ δὲ τοῖς ἐργαζομένοις κακά
The fear of the Lord is a stronghold for the holy, but destruction is for those who work evil.
The same divine reality functions as protection for the holy and as ruin for evil-doers.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὀχύρωμαstrongholdN3M NSN · ὀχύρωμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀχύρωμα: meaning 'stronghold'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁσίουfor the holy oneA1A GSM · ὅσιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὅσιος: meaning 'for the holy one'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
συντριβὴruinN1 NSF · συντριβήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυντριβή: meaning 'ruin'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςfor those whoRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐργαζομένοιςworkingV1 · πμπδπμ ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπδπμ ἐργάζομαι: meaning 'working'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακάevil thingsA1 APN · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evil things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
30
δίκαιος τὸν αἰῶνα οὐκ ἐνδώσει ἀσεβεῖς δὲ οὐκ οἰκήσουσιν γῆν
The righteous will never yield, but the ungodly will not inhabit the land.
Endurance and inheritance are assigned to the righteous, while the wicked lose settled place.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναforeverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'forever'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνδώσειyieldVF FAI3S · δίδωμι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι + ἐν: meaning 'yield'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀσεβεῖςungodlyA3H NPM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἰκήσουσινwill inhabitVF FAI3P · οἰκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureοἰκέω: meaning 'will inhabit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
31
στόμα δικαίου ἀποστάζει σοφίαν γλῶσσα δὲ ἀδίκου ἐξολεῖται
The mouth of the righteous drips wisdom, but the tongue of the unjust will be rooted out.
Righteous speech is fruitful and ongoing; unjust speech is destined for removal.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
στόμαmouthN3M NSN · στόμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δικαίουof the righteousA1A GSM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of the righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀποστάζειdripsV1 PAI3S · στάζω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processστάζω + ἀπο: meaning 'drips'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γλῶσσαtongueN1S NSF · γλῶσσαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀδίκουunjustA1B GSM · ἄδικοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄδικος: meaning 'unjust'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐξολεῖταιwill be rooted outVF2 FMI3S · ὄλλυμι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὄλλυμι + ἐκ: meaning 'will be rooted out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
32
χείλη ἀνδρῶν δικαίων ἀποστάζει χάριτας στόμα δὲ ἀσεβῶν ἀποστρέφεται
The lips of righteous men drip graces, but the mouth of the ungodly turns away.
The chapter closes by opposing speech that bestows favor to speech that turns aside from what is right.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
χείληlipsN3E NPN · χεῖλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνδρῶνof menN3 GPM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'of men'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δικαίωνof the righteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of the righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀποστάζειdripsV1 PAI3S · στάζω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processστάζω + ἀπο: meaning 'drips'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χάριταςgracesN3T APF · χάριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάρις: meaning 'graces'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
στόμαmouthN3M NSN · στόμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀποστρέφεταιturns awayV1 PMI3S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'turns away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.