1
ἡ σοφία ᾠκοδόμησεν ἑαυτῇ οἶκον καὶ ὑπήρεισεν στύλους ἑπτά
Wisdom built a house for herself, and she set up seven pillars.
The chapter opens by personifying Wisdom as a mistress of a well-founded house. The seven pillars give her invitation permanence, fullness, and public dignity.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'built'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἑαυτῇherselfRD DSF · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτῇ: meaning 'herself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἶκονhouse / householdN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπήρεισενset upVAI AAI3S · ἐρείδω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐρείδω + ὑπο: meaning 'set up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
στύλουςcolumnsN2 APM · στῦλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστῦλος: meaning 'columns'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἑπτάsevenM · ἑπτάadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἑπτά: meaning 'seven'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
2
ἔσφαξεν τὰ ἑαυτῆς θύματα ἐκέρασεν εἰς κρατῆρα τὸν ἑαυτῆς οἶνον καὶ ἡτοιμάσατο τὴν ἑαυτῆς τράπεζαν
She slaughtered her own sacrifices, mixed her wine in the bowl, and prepared her table.
Wisdom's banquet is carefully prepared rather than improvised. Sacrifice, mixed wine, and table imagery frame instruction as a hospitable feast.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἔσφαξενslaughteredVAI AAI3S · σφάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσφάζω: meaning 'slaughtered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτῆςhimself / themselvesRD GSF · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτῆς: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
θύματαsacrificeN3M APN · θῦμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθῦμα: meaning 'sacrifice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκέρασενmixedVAI AAI3S · κεραννύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκεραννύω: meaning 'mixed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κρατῆραmixing-bowlN3H ASM · κρατήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρατήρ: meaning 'mixing-bowl'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτῆςhimself / themselvesRD GSF · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτῆς: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡτοιμάσατοpreparedVAI AMI3S · ἑτοιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'prepared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτῆςhimself / themselvesRD GSF · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτῆς: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τράπεζανtableN1S ASF · τράπεζαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτράπεζα: meaning 'table'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
3
ἀπέστειλεν τοὺς ἑαυτῆς δούλους συγκαλούσα μετὰ ὑψηλοῦ κηρύγματος ἐπὶ κρατῆρα λέγουσα
She sent out her servants, calling with a lofty proclamation upon the bowl, saying,
Her invitation is not whispered in private. Wisdom sends servants and raises a public summons that claims the high places of civic hearing.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀπέστειλενsentVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτῆςhimself / themselvesRD GSF · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτῆς: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δούλουςδοῦλοςN2 APM · δοῦλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδοῦλος: meaning 'δοῦλος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
συγκαλούσαcalling togetherV2 · παπνσφ καλέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ καλέω + συν: meaning 'calling together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑψηλοῦhighA1 GSN · ὑψηλόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὑψηλός: meaning 'high'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κηρύγματοςproclamationN3M GSN · κήρυγμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκήρυγμα: meaning 'proclamation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κρατῆραmixing-bowlN3H ASM · κρατήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρατήρ: meaning 'mixing-bowl'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λέγουσαsayV1 · παπνσφ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ λέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
ὅς ἐστιν ἄφρων ἐκκλινάτω πρός με καὶ τοῖς ἐνδεέσι φρενῶν εἶπεν
'Whoever is foolish, let him turn aside to me.' And to those lacking sense she said,
The first addressees are the simple and under-formed. Wisdom's call is graciously directed toward those most in need of redirection.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὅςwhoRP NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὅς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄφρωνfoolishA3N NSM · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'foolish'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκκλινάτωlet him turn asideVA AAD3S · κλίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'let him turn aside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςfor theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνδεέσιthose lackingA3H DPM · ἐνδεήςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐνδεής: meaning 'those lacking'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
φρενῶνof senseN3 GPF · φρήνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφρήν: meaning 'of sense'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
ἔλθατε φάγετε τῶν ἐμῶν ἄρτων καὶ πίετε οἶνον ὃν ἐκέρασα ὑμῖν
'Come, eat of my loaves and drink the wine that I have mixed for you.
The feast symbolizes participation in Wisdom's order. To eat and drink here is to receive formed instruction rather than mere nourishment.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἔλθατεcomeVB AAD2P · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φάγετεeatVB AAD2P · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἐσθίω: meaning 'eat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐμῶνmyA1 GPM · ἐμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἄρτωνof bread / loavesN2 GPM · ἄρτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄρτος: meaning 'of bread'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πίετεdrinkVB AAD2P · πίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπίνω: meaning 'drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκέρασαI mixedVAI AAI1S · κεραννύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκεραννύω: meaning 'I mixed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμῖνwith youRP DP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'with you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
ἀπολείπετε ἀφροσύνην καὶ ζήσεσθε καὶ ζητήσατε φρόνησιν ἵνα βιώσητε καὶ κατορθώσατε ἐν γνώσει σύνεσιν
Leave folly behind and you shall live; seek understanding so that you may live, and set straight understanding in knowledge.'
The invitation sharpens into command. Folly must be left behind if life, understanding, and right judgment are to be gained.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἀπολείπετεleave behindV1 PAD2P · λείπω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλείπω + ἀπο: meaning 'leave behind'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀφροσύνηνfollyN1 ASF · ἀφροσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀφροσύνη: meaning 'folly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζήσεσθεyou will liveVF FMI3P · ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureζάω: meaning 'you will live'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζητήσατεseekVA AAD2P · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateζητέω: meaning 'seek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φρόνησινprudenceN3I ASF · φρόνησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφρόνησις: meaning 'prudence'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἵναιναC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'ινα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βιώσητεyou may liveVA AAS2P · βιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyβιόω: meaning 'you may live'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατορθώσατεset straightVA AAD2P · ὀρθόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὀρθόω: meaning 'set straight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γνώσειknowledgeN3I DSF · γνῶσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σύνεσινunderstandingN3I ASF · σύνεσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσύνεσις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
7
ὁ παιδεύων κακοὺς λήμψεται ἑαυτῷ ἀτιμίαν ἐλέγχων δὲ τὸν ἀσεβῆ μωμήσεται ἑαυτόν
He who disciplines evil men will get dishonor for himself, and he who rebukes an ungodly man will blame himself.
The poem pauses to observe the moral risk of correction. Some hearers turn rebuke back upon the rebuker and make instruction costly.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδεύωνdiscipliningV1 · παπνσμ παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ παιδεύω: meaning 'disciplining'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακοὺςevilA1 APM · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λήμψεταιwill takeVF FMI3S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαμβάνω: meaning 'will take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἑαυτῷfor himselfRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτῷ: meaning 'for himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀτιμίανἀτιμίαN1A ASF · ἀτιμίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀτιμία: meaning 'ἀτιμία'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐλέγχωνrebukingV1 · παπνσμ ἐλέγχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἐλέγχω: meaning 'rebuking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσεβῆungodlyA3H ASM · ἀσεβήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μωμήσεταιwill blameVF FMI3S · μωμάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμωμάομαι: meaning 'will blame'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἑαυτόνhimselfRD ASM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἑαυτόν: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
μὴ ἔλεγχε κακούς ἵνα μὴ μισῶσίν σε ἔλεγχε σοφόν καὶ ἀγαπήσει σε
Do not rebuke evil men, lest they hate you; rebuke a wise man, and he will love you.
Discernment is required in giving reproof. The wise can be corrected fruitfully, while the hardened only deepen hostility.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλεγχεrebukeV1 PAD2S · ἐλέγχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἐλέγχω: meaning 'rebuke'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακούςevil menA1 APM · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evil men'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἵναιναC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'ινα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μισῶσίνthey may hateV2 PAS3P · μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyμισέω: meaning 'they may hate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔλεγχεrebukeV1 PAD2S · ἐλέγχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἐλέγχω: meaning 'rebuke'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφόνa wise manA1 ASM · σοφόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσοφός: meaning 'a wise man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαπήσειwill loveVF FAI3S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀγαπάω: meaning 'will love'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
9
δίδου σοφῷ ἀφορμήν καὶ σοφώτερος ἔσται γνώριζε δικαίῳ καὶ προσθήσει τοῦ δέχεσθαι
Give a wise man an occasion, and he will become wiser; instruct a righteous man, and he will add to his readiness to receive.
Wisdom is cumulative. The receptive person grows through further instruction, and righteousness is marked by teachability.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
δίδουgiveV8 PAD2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφῷto a wise manA1 DSM · σοφόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσοφός: meaning 'to a wise man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀφορμήνoccasionN1 ASF · ἀφορμήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀφορμή: meaning 'occasion'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοφώτεροςwiserA1 NSMC · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'wiser'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γνώριζεacknowledgeV1 PAD2S · γνωρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγνωρίζω: meaning 'acknowledge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δικαίῳrighteousA1A DSM · δίκαιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσθήσειcontinue / addVF FAI3S · τίθημι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτίθημι + προς: meaning 'continue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtoRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέχεσθαιreceiveV1 PMN · δέχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδέχομαι: meaning 'receive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
ἀρχὴ σοφίας φόβος κυρίου καὶ βουλὴ ἁγίων σύνεσις τὸ γὰρ γνῶναι νόμον διανοίας ἐστὶν ἀγαθῆς
The beginning of wisdom is the fear of the Lord, and the counsel of holy ones is understanding; for to know the law belongs to a good mind.
The chapter states one of Proverbs' central axioms. Reverence before the Lord and alignment with holy counsel form the true beginning of wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἀρχὴdominionsN1 NSF · ἀρχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀρχή: meaning 'dominions'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοφίαςwisdomN1A GSF · σοφίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βουλὴcounselN1 NSF · βουλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἁγίωνholyA1A GPN · ἅγιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σύνεσιςunderstandingN3I NSF · σύνεσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσύνεσις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνῶναιγιγνωσκωVZ AAN · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementγιγνώσκω: meaning 'γιγνωσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διανοίαςmindN1A GSF · διάνοιαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδιάνοια: meaning 'mind'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐστὶνeimiV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγαθῆςnobleA1 GSF · ἀγαθόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'noble'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
11
τούτῳ γὰρ τῷ τρόπῳ πολὺν ζήσεις χρόνον καὶ προστεθήσεταί σοι ἔτη ζωῆς σου
For in this way you will live a long time, and years of your life will be added to you.
Wisdom's way is linked with durable life. The promise is not mechanical ease but a life lengthened and stabilized under divine order.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
τούτῳto himRD DSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestτούτῳ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷfor theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρόπῳmannerN2 DSM · τρόποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτρόπος: meaning 'manner'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πολὺνmanyA1P ASM · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ζήσειςyou will liveVF FAI2S · ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureζάω: meaning 'you will live'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χρόνονtimeN2 ASM · χρόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρόνος: meaning 'time'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προστεθήσεταίwill be addedVC FPI3S · τίθημι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτίθημι + προς: meaning 'will be added'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔτηyearsN3E NPN · ἔτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
υἱέ ἐὰν σοφὸς γένῃ σεαυτῷ σοφὸς ἔσῃ καὶ τοῖς πλησίον ἐὰν δὲ κακὸς ἀποβῇς μόνος ἀναντλήσεις κακά ὃς ἐρείδεται ἐπὶ ψεύδεσιν οὗτος ποιμανεῖ ἀνέμους ὁ δ' αὐτὸς διώξεται ὄρνεα πετόμενα ἀπέλιπεν γὰρ ὁδοὺς τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ ἀμπελῶνος τοὺς δὲ ἄξονας τοῦ ἰδίου γεωργίου πεπλάνηται διαπορεύεται δὲ δι' ἀνύδρου ἐρήμου καὶ γῆν διατεταγμένην ἐν διψώδεσιν συνάγει δὲ χερσὶν ἀκαρπίαν
My son, if you become wise, you will be wise for yourself and for your neighbors; but if you turn out evil, you alone will draw up evils. One who leans on lies will shepherd winds, and he himself will pursue flying birds. For he abandoned the paths of his own vineyard; the furrows of his own field have gone astray. He passes through a waterless wilderness and appointed land in thirsty places, and he gathers barrenness with his hands.
This expanded verse personalizes the stakes of wisdom and folly. Wisdom benefits both self and neighbor, while false reliance leaves a person wandering through barrenness and self-inflicted loss.
Word-by-word analysis· 57 words
υἱέsonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοφὸςskilled / wiseA1 NSM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'skilled'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γένῃbelongVB AMS2S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγίγνομαι: meaning 'belong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεαυτῷfor yourselfRD DSM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσεαυτῷ: meaning 'for yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σοφὸςskilled / wiseA1 NSM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'skilled'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσῃisVF FMI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςfor theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κακὸςa badA1 NSM · κακόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκακός: meaning 'a bad'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀποβῇςyou turn outVZ AAS2S · βαίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyβαίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'you turn out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μόνοςaloneA1 NSM · μόνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμόνος: meaning 'alone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀναντλήσειςyou will draw upVF FAI2S · ἀντλέω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀντλέω + ἀνα: meaning 'you will draw up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακάevilA1 APN · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐρείδεταιare firmly setV1 PMI3S · ἐρείδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐρείδω: meaning 'are firmly set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ψεύδεσινliesN3 DPN · ψεῦδοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceψεῦδος: meaning 'lies'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποιμανεῖwill shepherdVF2 FAI3S · ποιμαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιμαίνω: meaning 'will shepherd'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνέμουςanemosN2 APM · ἄνεμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνεμος: meaning 'anemos'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δ'but / andX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςhe himselfRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διώξεταιpursue / driveVF FMI3S · διώκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδιώκω: meaning 'pursue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὄρνεαbirdN2N APN · ὄρνεονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄρνεον: meaning 'bird'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πετόμεναflyV1 · πμπαπν πέτομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπν πέτομαι: meaning 'fly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπέλιπενhe ceasedVBI AAI3S · λείπω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + ἀπο: meaning 'he ceased'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀμπελῶνοςvineyardN3W GSM · ἀμπελώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀμπελών: meaning 'vineyard'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄξοναςcoursesN3N APM · ἄξωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄξων: meaning 'courses'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtoRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰδίουof his ownA1A GSN · ἴδιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἴδιος: meaning 'of his own'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γεωργίουof a farmN2N GSN · γεώργιονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγεώργιον: meaning 'of a farm'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πεπλάνηταιhas gone astrayVX XMI3S · πλανάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπλανάω: meaning 'has gone astray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διαπορεύεταιpasses throughV1 PMI3S · πορεύομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι + δια: meaning 'passes through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δι'because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνύδρουwaterlessA1B GSF · ἄνυδροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνυδρος: meaning 'waterless'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐρήμουwildernessN2 GSF · ἔρημοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔρημος: meaning 'wilderness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διατεταγμένηνappointedVK · χμπασφ τάσσω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπασφ τάσσω + δια: meaning 'appointed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
διψώδεσινthirsty placesA3H DPF · διψώδηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδιψώδης: meaning 'thirsty places'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
συνάγειgathersV1 PAI3S · ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄγω + συν: meaning 'gathers'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χερσὶνhandN3 DPF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀκαρπίανbarrennessN1A ASF · ἀκαρπίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀκαρπία: meaning 'barrenness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
13
γυνὴ ἄφρων καὶ θρασεῖα ἐνδεὴς ψωμοῦ γίνεται ἣ οὐκ ἐπίσταται αἰσχύνην
A foolish and bold woman, lacking bread, comes to be one who does not know shame.
The second half of the chapter introduces Folly as Wisdom's rival. She is loud, shameless, and fundamentally lacking even while she presents herself boldly.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
γυνὴwifeN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄφρωνfoolishA3N NSF · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'foolish'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θρασεῖαboldA3U NSF · θρασύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθρασύς: meaning 'bold'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνδεὴςlackingA3H NSF · ἐνδεήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐνδεής: meaning 'lacking'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ψωμοῦbreadN2 GSM · ψωμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationψωμός: meaning 'bread'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γίνεταιit happens / comes to beV1 PMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγίγνομαι: meaning 'it happens'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἣwho / whichRR NSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἣ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπίσταταιknowsV6 PMI3S · ἵσταμαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἵσταμαι + ἐπι: meaning 'knows'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἰσχύνηναἰσχύνηN1 ASF · αἰσχύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰσχύνη: meaning 'αἰσχύνη'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
14
ἐκάθισεν ἐπὶ θύραις τοῦ ἑαυτῆς οἴκου ἐπὶ δίφρου ἐμφανῶς ἐν πλατείαις
She sat at the doors of her own house, openly on a seat in the squares,
Folly too occupies public space. Her posture imitates Wisdom's visibility, but the dignity of the first house is replaced by theatrical exposure.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐκάθισενsatVAI AAI3S · ἵζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵζω + κατα: meaning 'sat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θύραιςdoorsN1A DPF · θύραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθύρα: meaning 'doors'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτῆςhimself / themselvesRD GSF · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτῆς: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δίφρουseatN2 GSM · δίφροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίφρος: meaning 'seat'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐμφανῶςopenlyD · ἐμφανῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐμφανῶς: meaning 'openly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλατείαιςstreetsA3U DPF · πλατύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλατύς: meaning 'streets'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
15
προσκαλουμένη τοὺς παριόντας καὶ κατευθύνοντας ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν
calling to those who pass by and who go straight on their ways,
Like Wisdom, she addresses passersby on their way. The parallel structure invites comparison between the two competing summonses.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
προσκαλουμένηcalling toV2 · πμπνσφ καλέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσφ καλέω + προς: meaning 'calling to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παριόνταςthose passing byV9 · παπαπμ εἶμι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ εἶμι + παρα: meaning 'those passing by'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατευθύνονταςgoing straightV1 · παπαπμ εὐθύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ εὐθύνω + κατα: meaning 'going straight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοῖςwayN2 DPF · ὁδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
16
ὅς ἐστιν ὑμῶν ἀφρονέστατος ἐκκλινάτω πρός με ἐνδεέσι δὲ φρονήσεως παρακελεύομαι λέγουσα
'Whoever among you is most foolish, let him turn aside to me.' And to those lacking understanding she exhorts, saying,
Folly's invitation targets the same vulnerable audience as Wisdom's, but her speech bends lack into susceptibility rather than formation.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὅςwhichRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὅς: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀφρονέστατοςmost foolishA3N NPMS · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'most foolish'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκκλινάτωlet him turn asideVA AAD3S · κλίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'let him turn aside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνδεέσιthose lackingA3H DPM · ἐνδεήςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐνδεής: meaning 'those lacking'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φρονήσεωςφρονήσεωςN3I GSF · φρόνησιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφρόνησις: meaning 'φρονήσεως'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
παρακελεύομαιI exhortV1 PMI1S · κελεύω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκελεύω + παρα: meaning 'I exhort'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λέγουσαsayV1 · παπνσφ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ λέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
ἄρτων κρυφίων ἡδέως ἅψασθε καὶ ὕδατος κλοπῆς γλυκεροῦ
'Touch sweetly the secret loaves and the sweet water of theft.'
Her appeal trades on secrecy, theft, and illicit sweetness. Desire is detached from truth and recast as the thrill of the forbidden.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἄρτωνof bread / loavesN2 GPM · ἄρτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄρτος: meaning 'of bread'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κρυφίωνsecretA1A GPM · κρύφιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκρύφιος: meaning 'secret'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡδέωςgladlyD · ἡδέωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἡδέως: meaning 'gladly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἅψασθεtouchVA AMS2P · ἅπτομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἅπτομαι: meaning 'touch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κλοπῆςof theftN1 GSF · κλοπήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκλοπή: meaning 'of theft'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γλυκεροῦsweetA1A GSN · γλυκερόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγλυκερός: meaning 'sweet'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
18
ὁ δὲ οὐκ οἶδεν ὅτι γηγενεῖς παρ' αὐτῇ ὄλλυνται καὶ ἐπὶ πέτευρον ᾅδου συναντᾷ ἀλλὰ ἀποπήδησον μὴ ἐγχρονίσῃς ἐν τῷ τόπῳ μηδὲ ἐπιστήσῃς τὸ σὸν ὄμμα πρὸς αὐτήν οὕτως γὰρ διαβήσῃ ὕδωρ ἀλλότριον καὶ ὑπερβήσῃ ποταμὸν ἀλλότριον ἀπὸ δὲ ὕδατος ἀλλοτρίου ἀπόσχου καὶ ἀπὸ πηγῆς ἀλλοτρίας μὴ πίῃς ἵνα πολὺν ζήσῃς χρόνον προστεθῇ δέ σοι ἔτη ζωῆς
But he does not know that earthborn men perish with her, and he meets the floor of Hades. Rather leap away; do not linger in the place, nor fix your eye upon her. For thus you will pass through strange water and cross over a strange river. But hold back from strange water, and do not drink from a strange spring, so that you may live a long time and years of life may be added to you.
The final warning unmasks the trap. What seemed pleasant leads down toward death, so the hearer is urged to break away quickly and refuse alien waters.
Word-by-word analysis· 57 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶδενknowVX XAI3S · οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateοἶδα: meaning 'know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γηγενεῖςearthborn menA3H NPM · γηγενήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγηγενής: meaning 'earthborn men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παρ'withP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὄλλυνταιperishV5 PMI3P · ὄλλυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὄλλυμι: meaning 'perish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πέτευρονfloorN2N ASN · πέταυρονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπέταυρον: meaning 'floor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ᾅδουto HadesN1M GSM · ᾅδηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationᾅδης: meaning 'to Hades'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
συναντᾷhe meetsV3 PAI3S · ἀντάω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀντάω + συν: meaning 'he meets'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποπήδησονspring awayVA AAD2S · πηδάω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπηδάω + ἀπο: meaning 'spring away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγχρονίσῃςlingerVA AAS2S · χρονίζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyχρονίζω + ἐν: meaning 'linger'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷfor theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπῳplaceN2 DSM · τόποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μηδὲand do not / norC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'and do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστήσῃςfixVA AAS2S · ἵστημι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἵστημι + ἐπι: meaning 'fix'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σὸνyourA1 ASN · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὄμμαeyeN3M ASN · ὄμμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄμμα: meaning 'eye'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτήνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαβήσῃyou will pass throughVF FMI2S · βαίνω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβαίνω + δια: meaning 'you will pass through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὕδωρwaterN3 NSN · ὕδωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀλλότριονa strangerA1A ASM · ἀλλότριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀλλότριος: meaning 'a stranger'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερβήσῃyou will cross overVF FMI2S · βαίνω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβαίνω + ὑπερ: meaning 'you will cross over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ποταμὸνriverN2 ASM · ποταμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀλλότριονa strangerA1A ASM · ἀλλότριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀλλότριος: meaning 'a stranger'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀλλοτρίουstrangeA1A GSN · ἀλλότριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀλλότριος: meaning 'strange'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπόσχουhold backVB AMD2S · ἔχω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔχω + ἀπο: meaning 'hold back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πηγῆςspringN1 GSF · πηγήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπηγή: meaning 'spring'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀλλοτρίαςalienA1A GSF · ἀλλότριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀλλότριος: meaning 'alien'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πίῃςdrinkVB AAS2S · πίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπίνω: meaning 'drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἵναιναC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'ινα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πολὺνmanyA1P ASM · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ζήσῃςyou may liveVA AAS2S · ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyζάω: meaning 'you may live'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χρόνονtimeN2 ASM · χρόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρόνος: meaning 'time'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
προστεθῇmay be addedVC APS3S · τίθημι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτίθημι + προς: meaning 'may be added'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δέbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοιyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔτηyearsN3E NPN · ἔτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.