1
σὺ τὴν σοφίαν κηρύξεις ἵνα φρόνησίς σοι ὑπακούσῃ
Will you proclaim wisdom, so that prudence may listen to you?
The chapter opens by foregrounding Wisdom as public speech rather than hidden instruction. Prudence is presented as the proper respondent to Wisdom's proclamation, so hearing already implies moral alignment.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κηρύξειςwill proclaimVF FAI2S · κηρύσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκηρύσσω: meaning 'will proclaim'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φρόνησίςprudenceN3I NSF · φρόνησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφρόνησις: meaning 'prudence'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὑπακούσῃmay listenVA AAS3S · ἀκούω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀκούω + ὑπο: meaning 'may listen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
2
ἐπὶ γὰρ τῶν ὑψηλῶν ἄκρων ἐστίν ἀνὰ μέσον δὲ τῶν τρίβων ἕστηκεν
For she is upon the heights, and she stands in the midst of the paths.
Wisdom occupies elevated and trafficked places, locations associated with visibility and decision. The imagery makes her universally accessible and impossible to excuse as hidden.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑψηλῶνhighA1 GPN · ὑψηλόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὑψηλός: meaning 'high'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἄκρωνheightsA1A GPN · ἄκροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄκρος: meaning 'heights'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐστίνisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνὰthroughP · ἀνάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀνὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASN · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίβωνpathsA3N GPF · τρίβωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτρίβων: meaning 'paths'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἕστηκενstandsVXI XAI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι: meaning 'stands'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
3
παρὰ γὰρ πύλαις δυναστῶν παρεδρεύει ἐν δὲ εἰσόδοις ὑμνεῖται
For she sits beside the gates of rulers, and at the entrances she is praised.
Wisdom's voice belongs at the city's most public thresholds, where power, judgment, and traffic converge. She addresses not only private conscience but the social order itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
παρὰbesideP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'beside'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πύλαιςgatesN1 DPF · πύληdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπύλη: meaning 'gates'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δυναστῶνof rulersN1M GPM · δυνάστηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδυνάστης: meaning 'of rulers'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
παρεδρεύειsits besideV1 PAI3S · ἑδρεύω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἑδρεύω + παρα: meaning 'sits beside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσόδοιςentrancesN2 DPF · εἴσοδοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἴσοδος: meaning 'entrances'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑμνεῖταιis praisedV2 PMI3S · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὑμνέω: meaning 'is praised'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
ὑμᾶς ὦ ἄνθρωποι παρακαλῶ καὶ προί̈εμαι ἐμὴν φωνὴν υἱοῖς ἀνθρώπων
To you, O men, I call, and I send forth my voice to the sons of men.
Wisdom now speaks in the first person. Her address is universal, aimed at humanity as such rather than at a secluded elite.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὦOI · ὦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὦ: meaning 'O'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνθρωποιmenN2 VPM · ἄνθρωποςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressἄνθρωπος: meaning 'men'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
παρακαλῶI callV2 PAI1S · καλέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκαλέω + παρα: meaning 'I call'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προί̈εμαιI send forthV1 PMI1S · ἵημι + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἵημι + προ: meaning 'I send forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐμὴνmyA1 ASF · ἐμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
υἱοῖςto sonsN2 DPM · υἱόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceυἱός: meaning 'to sons'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνθρώπωνof menN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'of men'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
5
νοήσατε ἄκακοι πανουργίαν οἱ δὲ ἀπαίδευτοι ἔνθεσθε καρδίαν
Understand shrewdness, O guileless, and you untaught, take understanding to heart.
Those lacking formation are not dismissed but summoned. Wisdom's pedagogy assumes that simplicity can be instructed if the heart is willing.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
νοήσατεunderstandVA AAD2P · νοέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateνοέω: meaning 'understand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄκακοιguilelessA1B NPM · ἄκακοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄκακος: meaning 'guileless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πανουργίανshrewdnessN1A ASF · πανουργίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπανουργία: meaning 'shrewdness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπαίδευτοιuntaughtA1B NPM · ἀπαίδευτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπαίδευτος: meaning 'untaught'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔνθεσθεsetVE AMD2P · τίθημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτίθημι + ἐν: meaning 'set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
6
εἰσακούσατέ μου σεμνὰ γὰρ ἐρῶ καὶ ἀνοίσω ἀπὸ χειλέων ὀρθά
Hear me, for I will speak noble things, and from my lips I will open what is right.
Wisdom characterizes her own discourse as weighty and upright. The emphasis falls on the moral reliability of what she is about to say.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
εἰσακούσατέhearVA AAD2P · ἀκούω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σεμνὰnoble thingsA1 APN · σεμνόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσεμνός: meaning 'noble things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρῶI will speakVF2 FAI1S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'I will speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνοίσωI will openVF FAI1S · φέρω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφέρω + ἀνα: meaning 'I will open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειλέωνlipsN3E GPN · χεῖλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὀρθάstraight thingsA1 APN · ὀρθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀρθός: meaning 'straight things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
7
ὅτι ἀλήθειαν μελετήσει ὁ φάρυγξ μου ἐβδελυγμένα δὲ ἐναντίον ἐμοῦ χείλη ψευδῆ
For my throat will meditate truth, and false lips are abominable before me.
Wisdom's speech is defined positively by truth and negatively by abhorrence of falsehood. The moral quality of speech is central to the chapter's understanding of wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὅτιforC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀλήθειανtruthN1A ASF · ἀλήθειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μελετήσειwill meditateVF FAI3S · μελετάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμελετάω: meaning 'will meditate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φάρυγξthroatN3G NSM · φάρυγξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφάρυγξ: meaning 'throat'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐβδελυγμέναabominable thingsVX · χππνπν ἐβδελύσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνπν ἐβδελύσσω: meaning 'abominable things'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐναντίονbeforeD · ἐναντίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμοῦmeRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
χείληlipsN3 NPN · χεῖλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ψευδῆfalse thingsA3H NPN · ψευδήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψευδής: meaning 'false things'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
8
μετὰ δικαιοσύνης πάντα τὰ ῥήματα τοῦ στόματός μου οὐδὲν ἐν αὐτοῖς σκολιὸν οὐδὲ στραγγαλῶδες
All the words of my mouth are with righteousness; nothing in them is crooked or twisted.
Wisdom insists on the internal straightness of her teaching. Her words are not merely useful; they are ethically ordered and free of distortion.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δικαιοσύνηςrighteousnessN1 GSF · δικαιοσύνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματαwordsN3M NPN · ῥῆμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόματόςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐδὲνnothingA3 NSN · οὐδείςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοὐδείς: meaning 'nothing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῖςin themRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'in them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σκολιὸνcrookedA1A NSN · σκολιόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκολιός: meaning 'crooked'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στραγγαλῶδεςtwistedA3H NSN · στραγγαλώδηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστραγγαλώδης: meaning 'twisted'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
9
πάντα ἐνώπια τοῖς συνιοῦσιν καὶ ὀρθὰ τοῖς εὑρίσκουσι γνῶσιν
All of them are plain to those who understand and straight to those who find knowledge.
Wisdom's words are not obscure in themselves; they are clear to those already oriented toward understanding. Moral receptivity and intellectual clarity belong together.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνώπιαplainA1B NPN · ἐνώπιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐνώπιος: meaning 'plain'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῖςto thoseRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συνιοῦσινunderstandingV1 · παπδπμ ἵημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδπμ ἵημι + συν: meaning 'understanding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀρθὰstraightA1 NPN · ὀρθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀρθός: meaning 'straight'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῖςto thoseRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὑρίσκουσιfindingV1 · παπδπμ εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδπμ εὑρίσκω: meaning 'finding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γνῶσινknowledgeN3I ASF · γνῶσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
10
λάβετε παιδείαν καὶ μὴ ἀργύριον καὶ γνῶσιν ὑπὲρ χρυσίον δεδοκιμασμένον ἀνθαιρεῖσθε δὲ αἴσθησιν χρυσίου καθαροῦ
Receive instruction rather than silver, and choose knowledge rather than tested gold; choose perception instead of pure gold.
Wisdom contrasts her gifts with precious metals. The point is not that wealth is unreal, but that instruction and discernment are of greater worth.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
λάβετεreceiveVB AAD2P · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλαμβάνω: meaning 'receive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παιδείανinstructionN1A ASF · παιδείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαιδεία: meaning 'instruction'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνῶσινknowledgeN3I ASF · γνῶσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑπὲρrather thanP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'rather than'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χρυσίονgoldN2N ASN · χρυσίονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δεδοκιμασμένονtestedVT · χμπασν δοκιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπασν δοκιμάζω: meaning 'tested'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνθαιρεῖσθεchooseV2 PMD2S · αἱρέω + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἱρέω + ἀντι: meaning 'choose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἴσθησινperceptionN3I ASF · αἴσθησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἴσθησις: meaning 'perception'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χρυσίουof goldN2N GSN · χρυσίονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχρυσίον: meaning 'of gold'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καθαροῦpureA1A GSN · καθαρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαθαρός: meaning 'pure'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
11
κρείσσων γὰρ σοφία λίθων πολυτελῶν πᾶν δὲ τίμιον οὐκ ἄξιον αὐτῆς ἐστιν
For wisdom is better than costly stones, and nothing precious is worthy to be compared with her.
The comparison with luxury goods is sharpened into an absolute claim. Wisdom exceeds not only money but every object of human valuation.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
κρείσσωνbetterA3C NSM · κρείσσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λίθωνthan stonesN2 GPM · λίθοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλίθος: meaning 'than stones'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πολυτελῶνcostlyA3H GPM · πολυτελήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολυτελής: meaning 'costly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πᾶνeveryA3 NSN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίμιονprecious thingA1A NSN · τίμιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτίμιος: meaning 'precious thing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄξιονworthyA1A NSN · ἄξιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄξιος: meaning 'worthy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
ἐγὼ ἡ σοφία κατεσκήνωσα βουλήν καὶ γνῶσιν καὶ ἔννοιαν ἐγὼ ἐπεκαλεσάμην
I, Wisdom, have made counsel my dwelling, and knowledge and reflection I have called to myself.
Wisdom speaks of herself as the home of practical counsel and reflective knowledge. Her identity is inseparable from deliberation, insight, and purposive thought.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατεσκήνωσαdweltVAI AAI1S · σκηνόω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσκηνόω + κατα: meaning 'dwelt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βουλήνcounselN1 ASF · βουλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνῶσινknowledgeN3I ASF · γνῶσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔννοιανreflectionN1A ASF · ἔννοιαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔννοια: meaning 'reflection'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπεκαλεσάμηνcalled to myselfVAI AMI1S · καλέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'called to myself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
13
φόβος κυρίου μισεῖ ἀδικίαν ὕβριν τε καὶ ὑπερηφανίαν καὶ ὁδοὺς πονηρῶν μεμίσηκα δὲ ἐγὼ διεστραμμένας ὁδοὺς κακῶν
The fear of the Lord hates injustice and arrogance and pride, and I have hated the ways of the wicked and the twisted paths of evil men.
Fear of the Lord is defined ethically, not sentimentally. Wisdom's hatred of injustice and distorted paths shows that piety is inseparable from moral order.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μισεῖhatesV2 PAI3S · μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμισέω: meaning 'hates'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀδικίανinjusticeN1A ASF · ἀδικίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀδικία: meaning 'injustice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὕβρινinsolenceN3I ASF · ὕβριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕβρις: meaning 'insolence'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τεandX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερηφανίανprideN1A ASF · ὑπερηφανίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑπερηφανία: meaning 'pride'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πονηρῶνof wicked menA1A GPN · πονηρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπονηρός: meaning 'of wicked men'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μεμίσηκαI have hatedVX XAI1S · μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμισέω: meaning 'I have hated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διεστραμμέναςtwistedVP · χμπαπφ στρέφω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπαπφ στρέφω + δια: meaning 'twisted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κακῶνof evil menA1 GPN · κακόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκακός: meaning 'of evil men'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
14
ἐμὴ βουλὴ καὶ ἀσφάλεια ἐμὴ φρόνησις ἐμὴ δὲ ἰσχύς
Mine are counsel and security; mine is prudence, and mine is strength.
Wisdom names the capacities she supplies: planning, stability, discernment, and power. These are presented as political and moral resources, not merely private virtues.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐμὴmyA1 NSF · ἐμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βουλὴcounselN1 NSF · βουλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσφάλειαsecurityN1A NSF · ἀσφάλειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσφάλεια: meaning 'security'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐμὴmyA1 NSF · ἐμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φρόνησιςprudenceN3I NSF · φρόνησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφρόνησις: meaning 'prudence'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐμὴmyA1 NSF · ἐμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰσχύςstrengthN3 NSF · ἰσχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
15
δι' ἐμοῦ βασιλεῖς βασιλεύουσιν καὶ οἱ δυνάσται γράφουσιν δικαιοσύνην
Through me kings reign, and rulers write justice.
Royal and legal order are said to function through Wisdom. Legitimate rule depends on her, so public justice is a derivative gift rather than autonomous human achievement.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦmeRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βασιλεῖςkingsN3V NPM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'kings'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βασιλεύουσινreignV1 PAI3P · βασιλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβασιλεύω: meaning 'reign'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάσταιrulersN1M NPM · δυνάστηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδυνάστης: meaning 'rulers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γράφουσινwriteV1 PAI3P · γράφωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγράφω: meaning 'write'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δικαιοσύνηνjusticeN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'justice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
16
δι' ἐμοῦ μεγιστᾶνες μεγαλύνονται καὶ τύραννοι δι' ἐμοῦ κρατοῦσι γῆς
Through me magnates are exalted, and tyrants through me rule the earth.
Even the powerful exercise rule within the sphere of Wisdom's permission. The line is descriptive rather than approving, underlining Wisdom's comprehensive role in public order.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦmeRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μεγιστᾶνεςmagnatesN3 NPM · μεγιστάνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμεγιστάν: meaning 'magnates'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μεγαλύνονταιare exaltedV1 PMI3P · μεγαλύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμεγαλύνω: meaning 'are exalted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τύραννοιtyrantsN2 NPM · τύραννοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτύραννος: meaning 'tyrants'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦmeRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κρατοῦσιruleV2 PAI3P · κρατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκρατέω: meaning 'rule'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γῆςof the earthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'of the earth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
17
ἐγὼ τοὺς ἐμὲ φιλοῦντας ἀγαπῶ οἱ δὲ ἐμὲ ζητοῦντες εὑρήσουσιν
I love those who love me, and those who seek me will find me.
Wisdom responds to desire with availability. The verse turns pursuit of wisdom into a covenant-like reciprocity of love and discovery.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοὺςthoseRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φιλοῦνταςlovingV2 · παπαπμ φιλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ φιλέω: meaning 'loving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγαπῶI loveV3 PAI1S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀγαπάω: meaning 'I love'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ζητοῦντεςseekingV2 · παπνπμ ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ζητέω: meaning 'seeking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὑρήσουσινwill findVF FAI3P · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'will find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
18
πλοῦτος καὶ δόξα ἐμοὶ ὑπάρχει καὶ κτῆσις πολλῶν καὶ δικαιοσύνη
Riches and glory belong to me, and abundant possessions and righteousness.
The goods associated with Wisdom are both material and moral. Wealth without righteousness is not her gift; she holds them together in ordered form.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πλοῦτοςrichesN2 NSM · πλοῦτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλοῦτος: meaning 'riches'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δόξαgloryN1S NSF · δόξαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐμοὶwith meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐμοὶ: meaning 'with me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὑπάρχειbelongsV1 PAI3S · ἄρχω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄρχω + ὑπο: meaning 'belongs'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κτῆσιςpossessionN3I NSF · κτῆσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκτῆσις: meaning 'possession'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πολλῶνof many thingsA1 GPM · πολύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολύς: meaning 'of many things'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαιοσύνηrighteousnessN1 NSF · δικαιοσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
19
βέλτιον ἐμὲ καρπίζεσθαι ὑπὲρ χρυσίον καὶ λίθον τίμιον τὰ δὲ ἐμὰ γενήματα κρείσσω ἀργυρίου ἐκλεκτοῦ
It is better to harvest me than gold or a precious stone, and my produce is better than choice silver.
Wisdom is portrayed as something one may harvest and enjoy as yield. Her fruit surpasses the most refined forms of economic value.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
βέλτιονbetterA3C NSN · βελτίωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβελτίων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καρπίζεσθαιto harvestV1 PMN · καρπίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκαρπίζομαι: meaning 'to harvest'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὲρrather thanP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'rather than'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χρυσίονgoldN2N ASN · χρυσίονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λίθονstoneN2 ASM · λίθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλίθος: meaning 'stone'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τίμιονprecious thingA1A ASM · τίμιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτίμιος: meaning 'precious thing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμὰmyA1 NPN · ἐμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γενήματαproduceN3M NPN · γένημαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγένημα: meaning 'produce'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κρείσσωbetterA3C NPN · κρείσσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀργυρίουthan silverN2N GSN · ἀργύριονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'than silver'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκλεκτοῦchoiceA1 GSN · ἐκλεκτόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐκλεκτός: meaning 'choice'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
20
ἐν ὁδοῖς δικαιοσύνης περιπατῶ καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τρίβων δικαιώματος ἀναστρέφομαι
I walk in the ways of righteousness, and I move in the midst of the paths of justice.
Wisdom does not merely speak about righteousness; she inhabits its pathways. Her movement itself models ordered life.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁδοῖςwaysN2 DPF · ὁδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δικαιοσύνηςrighteousnessN1 GSF · δικαιοσύνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
περιπατῶI walkV2 PAI1S · πατέω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπατέω + περι: meaning 'I walk'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὰthroughP · ἀνάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀνὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASN · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τρίβωνpathsN2 GSF · τρίβοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτρίβος: meaning 'paths'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δικαιώματοςof justiceN3M GSN · δικαίωμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδικαίωμα: meaning 'of justice'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀναστρέφομαιI move aboutV1 PMI1S · στρέφω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processστρέφω + ἀνα: meaning 'I move about'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
21
ἵνα μερίσω τοῖς ἐμὲ ἀγαπῶσιν ὕπαρξιν καὶ τοὺς θησαυροὺς αὐτῶν ἐμπλήσω ἀγαθῶν ἐὰν ἀναγγείλω ὑμῖν τὰ καθ' ἡμέραν γινόμενα μνημονεύσω τὰ ἐξ αἰῶνος ἀριθμῆσαι
So that I may apportion substance to those who love me and fill their treasuries with good things; if I declare to you the things that happen day by day, I will recall the ancient things so as to recount them.
Wisdom both gives material substance and interprets reality across time. Daily events and ancient order alike are within her speech, making her the mediator of both prudence and memory.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μερίσωI may apportionVF FAI1S · μερίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμερίζω: meaning 'I may apportion'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςto thoseRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀγαπῶσινlovingV3 · παπδπμ ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδπμ ἀγαπάω: meaning 'loving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὕπαρξινsubstanceN3I ASF · ὕπαρξινaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕπαρξιν: meaning 'substance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςthoseRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θησαυροὺςtreasuresN2 APM · θησαυρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθησαυρός: meaning 'treasures'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶναὐτόςRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'αὐτός'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐμπλήσωI will fillVF FAI1S · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'I will fill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγαθῶνwith good thingsA1 GPM · ἀγαθόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'with good things'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναγγείλωI declareVA AAS1S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'I declare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καθ'according toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γινόμεναthings happeningV1 · πμπαπν γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπν γίγνομαι: meaning 'things happening'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μνημονεύσωI will rememberVF FAI1S · μνημονεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμνημονεύω: meaning 'I will remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αἰῶνοςof oldN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'of old'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀριθμῆσαιto recountVA AAN · ἀριθμέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἀριθμέω: meaning 'to recount'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
22
κύριος ἔκτισέν με ἀρχὴν ὁδῶν αὐτοῦ εἰς ἔργα αὐτοῦ
The Lord created me as the beginning of his ways for his works.
The chapter now shifts from ethics to cosmology. Wisdom's created priority places her at the head of the Lord's ordering activity and makes her foundational to what follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔκτισένcreatedVAI AAI3S · κτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκτίζω: meaning 'created'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀρχὴνbeginningN1 ASF · ἀρχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀρχή: meaning 'beginning'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁδῶνof waysN2 GPF · ὁδόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὁδός: meaning 'of ways'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
23
πρὸ τοῦ αἰῶνος ἐθεμελίωσέν με ἐν ἀρχῇ
Before the age he founded me, in the beginning.
Wisdom's origin is placed before temporal history. The verse stresses not independence from God but priority within God's own ordering.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶνοςof oldN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'of old'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐθεμελίωσένfoundedVAI AAI3S · θεμελιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθεμελιόω: meaning 'founded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀρχῇbeginningN1 DSF · ἀρχήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀρχή: meaning 'beginning'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
24
πρὸ τοῦ τὴν γῆν ποιῆσαι καὶ πρὸ τοῦ τὰς ἀβύσσους ποιῆσαι πρὸ τοῦ προελθεῖν τὰς πηγὰς τῶν ὑδάτων
Before he made the earth, and before he made the abysses, before the springs of the waters came forth.
Wisdom precedes both stable land and the watery depths. She belongs to the ordering of the most basic cosmic elements.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνearthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποιῆσαιto makeVA AAN · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'to make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀβύσσουςdepthsN2 APF · ἄβυσσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄβυσσος: meaning 'depths'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποιῆσαιto makeVA AAN · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'to make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προελθεῖνto come forthVB AAN · ἔρχομαι + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἔρχομαι + προ: meaning 'to come forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πηγὰςspringsN1 APF · πηγήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπηγή: meaning 'springs'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑδάτωνof watersN3T GPN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'of waters'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
25
πρὸ τοῦ ὄρη ἑδρασθῆναι πρὸ δὲ πάντων βουνῶν γεννᾷ με
Before the mountains were established, and before all the hills, he begets me.
The line intensifies the claim of priority by invoking the most seemingly ancient features of the earth. Wisdom is before even the oldest and firmest things.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρηmountainsN3E APN · ὄροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountains'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἑδρασθῆναιto be establishedVS APN · ἑδράζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἑδράζω: meaning 'to be established'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βουνῶνhillsN2 GPM · βουνόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβουνός: meaning 'hills'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γεννᾷbegetsV3 PAI3S · γεννάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγεννάω: meaning 'begets'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
26
κύριος ἐποίησεν χώρας καὶ ἀοικήτους καὶ ἄκρα οἰκούμενα τῆς ὑπ' οὐρανόν
The Lord made lands and uninhabited places and the inhabited heights under heaven.
The statement broadens the creative panorama to include both inhabited and uninhabited spaces. Wisdom's account remains focused on the Lord's comprehensive ordering of the world.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐποίησενmadeVAI AAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χώραςlandsN1A APF · χώραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχώρα: meaning 'lands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀοικήτουςuninhabited placesA1B APM · ἀοίκητοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀοίκητος: meaning 'uninhabited places'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄκραheightsA1A APN · ἄκροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄκρος: meaning 'heights'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἰκούμεναinhabited placesV2 · πμπαπν οἰκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπν οἰκέω: meaning 'inhabited places'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπ'underP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπ': meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οὐρανόνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
27
ἡνίκα ἡτοίμαζεν τὸν οὐρανόν συμπαρήμην αὐτῷ καὶ ὅτε ἀφώριζεν τὸν ἑαυτοῦ θρόνον ἐπ' ἀνέμων
When he was preparing the heaven, I was alongside him, and when he was marking out his throne upon the winds.
Wisdom is not absent from creation but present beside God in its ordering. The imagery of heaven and throne underscores cosmic sovereignty.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἡνίκαwhenD · ἡνίκαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἡνίκα: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡτοίμαζενwas preparingV1I IAI3S · ἑτοιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'was preparing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανόνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
συμπαρήμηνI was alongsideV9 AMI1S · εἰμί + συν + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἰμί + συν + παρα: meaning 'I was alongside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτε: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφώριζενwas marking outV1I IAI3S · ὁρίζω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὁρίζω + ἀπο: meaning 'was marking out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
θρόνονthroneN2 ASM · θρόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθρόνος: meaning 'throne'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνέμωνwindsN2 GPM · ἄνεμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνεμος: meaning 'winds'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
28
ἡνίκα ἰσχυρὰ ἐποίει τὰ ἄνω νέφη καὶ ὡς ἀσφαλεῖς ἐτίθει πηγὰς τῆς ὑπ' οὐρανὸν
When he made the clouds above strong, and when he made secure the fountains beneath heaven.
The verse pairs the upper clouds with the lower springs, showing creation as balanced by divine ordering. Wisdom witnesses the stabilizing of both realms.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἡνίκαwhenD · ἡνίκαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἡνίκα: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰσχυρὰstrongA1A APN · ἰσχυρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχυρός: meaning 'strong'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐποίειwas makingV2I IAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποιέω: meaning 'was making'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνωaboveD · ἄνωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἄνω: meaning 'above'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νέφηcloudsN3E APN · νέφοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνέφος: meaning 'clouds'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσφαλεῖςsecureA3H APM · ἀσφαλήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσφαλής: meaning 'secure'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐτίθειwas settingV7I IAI3S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτίθημι: meaning 'was setting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πηγὰςspringsN1 APF · πηγήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπηγή: meaning 'springs'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπ'underP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπ': meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
29
καὶ ἰσχυρὰ ἐποίει τὰ θεμέλια τῆς γῆς
And when he made firm the foundations of the earth.
The terse verse emphasizes solidity and structure. What appears stable in the world is the result of prior divine making.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰσχυρὰstrongA1A APN · ἰσχυρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχυρός: meaning 'strong'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐποίειwas makingV2I IAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποιέω: meaning 'was making'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεμέλιαfoundationsN2N APN · θεμέλιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεμέλιον: meaning 'foundations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςof the earthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'of the earth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
30
ἤμην παρ' αὐτῷ ἁρμόζουσα ἐγὼ ἤμην ᾗ προσέχαιρεν καθ' ἡμέραν δὲ εὐφραινόμην ἐν προσώπῳ αὐτοῦ ἐν παντὶ καιρῷ
I was beside him, fitting things together; I was the one in whom he delighted day by day, and I rejoiced before him at every time.
Wisdom is portrayed as both ordered and delighted, combining craftsmanship and joy. Her relation to God is not mechanical but marked by mutual pleasure in the ordered world.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἤμηνI wasA1 ASF · ἐμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐμός: meaning 'I was'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παρ'besideP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρ': meaning 'beside'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἁρμόζουσαfitting togetherV1 · παπνσφ ἁρμόζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ ἁρμόζω: meaning 'fitting together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἤμηνI wasA1 ASF · ἐμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐμός: meaning 'I was'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ᾗthe one in whomRR DSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾗ: meaning 'the one in whom'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
προσέχαιρενhe delightedV1I IAI3S · χαίρω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processχαίρω + προς: meaning 'he delighted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καθ'according toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐφραινόμηνI rejoicedV1 IMI1S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὐφραίνω: meaning 'I rejoiced'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προσώπῳbeforeN2N DSN · πρόσωπονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπρόσωπον: meaning 'before'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὶeveryA3 DSM · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
31
ὅτε εὐφραίνετο τὴν οἰκουμένην συντελέσας καὶ ἐνευφραίνετο ἐν υἱοῖς ἀνθρώπων
When he rejoiced after completing the inhabited world, he also rejoiced in the sons of men.
The culmination of creation is not only the world itself but humanity within it. Divine joy over the inhabited order includes delight in human life.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτε: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐφραίνετοhe rejoicedVA AMI3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὐφραίνω: meaning 'he rejoiced'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκουμένηνinhabited worldV2 · πμπασφ οἰκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασφ οἰκέω: meaning 'inhabited world'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συντελέσαςhaving completedVA · ααπνσμ τελέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ τελέω + συν: meaning 'having completed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνευφραίνετοhe delightedVA AMI3S · εὐφραίνω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὐφραίνω + ἐν: meaning 'he delighted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
υἱοῖςto sonsN2 DPM · υἱόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceυἱός: meaning 'to sons'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνθρώπωνof menN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'of men'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
32
νῦν οὖν υἱέ ἄκουέ μου
Now therefore, my son, listen to me.
After the cosmic recital, the chapter returns to direct instruction. The movement from primordial Wisdom to present exhortation closes the distance between creation and moral hearing.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὖν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱέmy sonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'my son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἄκουέlistenV1 PAD2S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω: meaning 'listen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
34
μακάριος ἀνήρ ὃς εἰσακούσεταί μου καὶ ἄνθρωπος ὃς τὰς ἐμὰς ὁδοὺς φυλάξει ἀγρυπνῶν ἐπ' ἐμαῖς θύραις καθ' ἡμέραν τηρῶν σταθμοὺς ἐμῶν εἰσόδων
Blessed is the man who will listen to me, and the man who will keep my ways, watching at my doors day by day and guarding the thresholds of my entrances.
Happiness belongs to sustained attentiveness, not occasional curiosity. Wisdom's doors must be watched with disciplined patience and desire.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
μακάριοςblessedA1A NSM · μακάριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμακάριος: meaning 'blessed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνήρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰσακούσεταίwill hearVF FMI3S · ἀκούω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'will hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνθρωποςmanN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐμὰςmyA1 APF · ἐμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φυλάξειwill keepVF FAI3S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφυλάσσω: meaning 'will keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγρυπνῶνwatchingV2 · παπνσμ ἀγρυπνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἀγρυπνέω: meaning 'watching'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμαῖςmyA1 DPF · ἐμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θύραιςdoorsN1A DPF · θύραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθύρα: meaning 'doors'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καθ'according toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τηρῶνkeepingV2 · παπνσμ τηρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ τηρέω: meaning 'keeping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σταθμοὺςthresholdsN2 APM · σταθμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσταθμός: meaning 'thresholds'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐμῶνmyA1 GPF · ἐμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰσόδωνentrancesN2 GPF · εἴσοδοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεἴσοδος: meaning 'entrances'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
35
αἱ γὰρ ἔξοδοί μου ἔξοδοι ζωῆς καὶ ἑτοιμάζεται θέλησις παρὰ κυρίου
For my goings-out are goings of life, and favor is prepared from the Lord.
Wisdom's paths lead outward into life itself. The verse also links her to divine favor, so that life is both a consequence of wisdom and a gift from the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔξοδοίgoings-outN2 NPF · ἔξοδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔξοδος: meaning 'goings-out'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔξοδοιgoing-outN2 NPF · ἔξοδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔξοδος: meaning 'going-out'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ζωῆςof lifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'of life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑτοιμάζεταιis preparedV1 PMI3S · ἑτοιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'is prepared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θέλησιςfavorN3I NSF · θέλησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθέλησις: meaning 'favor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παρὰbesideP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'beside'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
36
οἱ δὲ εἰς ἐμὲ ἁμαρτάνοντες ἀσεβοῦσιν τὰς ἑαυτῶν ψυχάς καὶ οἱ μισοῦντές με ἀγαπῶσιν θάνατον
But those who sin against me act impiously against their own souls, and those who hate me love death.
The chapter closes with a stark alternative. To reject Wisdom is not merely intellectual failure but self-harm that culminates in an embrace of death.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἁμαρτάνοντεςsinningV1 · παπνπμ ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'sinning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀσεβοῦσινact impiouslyV2 PAI3P · ἀσεβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀσεβέω: meaning 'act impiously'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτῶνtheir ownRD GPM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτῶν: meaning 'their own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ψυχάςsoulsN1 APF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'souls'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μισοῦντέςhatingV2 · παπνπμ μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ μισέω: meaning 'hating'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀγαπῶσινlovingV3 PAI3P · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀγαπάω: meaning 'loving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θάνατονdeathN2 ASM · θάνατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.