1
υἱέ φύλασσε ἐμοὺς λόγους τὰς δὲ ἐμὰς ἐντολὰς κρύψον παρὰ σεαυτῷ υἱέ τίμα τὸν κύριον καὶ ἰσχύσεις πλὴν δὲ αὐτοῦ μὴ φοβοῦ ἄλλον
My son, keep my words, and hide my commandments beside yourself; my son, honor the Lord and you will be strong, and besides him fear no other.
The opening appeal joins inward custody of wisdom to explicit fear of the Lord, a striking Septuagintal framing for the whole warning.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
υἱέsonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
φύλασσεkeepV1 PAD2S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφυλάσσω: meaning 'keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐμοὺςmyA1 APM · ἐμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λόγουςwordsN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'words'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμὰςmyA1 APF · ἐμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐντολὰςcommandmentsN1 APF · ἐντολήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐντολή: meaning 'commandments'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κρύψονhideVA AAD2S · κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκρύπτω: meaning 'hide'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παρὰbesideP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'beside'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σεαυτῷyourselfRD DSM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσεαυτῷ: meaning 'yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
υἱέsonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
τίμαhonorV3 PAD2S · τιμάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτιμάω: meaning 'honor'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰσχύσειςyou will be strongVF FAI2S · ἰσχύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἰσχύω: meaning 'you will be strong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλὴνexceptD · πλήνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλὴν: meaning 'except'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοβοῦfearV2 PMD2S · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφοβέω: meaning 'fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄλλονanotherRD ASM · ἄλλοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἄλλον: meaning 'another'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
2
φύλαξον ἐμὰς ἐντολάς καὶ βιώσεις τοὺς δὲ ἐμοὺς λόγους ὥσπερ κόρας ὀμμάτων
Keep my commandments and you will live, and keep my words like the pupils of your eyes.
The command is intensified by promising life and by likening wise instruction to the most carefully guarded part of sight.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
φύλαξονkeepVA AAD2S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφυλάσσω: meaning 'keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐμὰςmyA1 APF · ἐμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐντολάςcommandmentsN1 APF · ἐντολήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐντολή: meaning 'commandments'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βιώσειςyou will liveVF FAI2S · βιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβιόω: meaning 'you will live'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμοὺςmyA1 APM · ἐμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λόγουςwordsN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'words'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὥσπερlikeD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κόραςpupilsN1 APF · κόρηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκόρη: meaning 'pupils'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὀμμάτωνof eyesN3M GPN · ὄμμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄμμα: meaning 'of eyes'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
3
περίθου δὲ αὐτοὺς σοῖς δακτύλοις ἐπίγραψον δὲ ἐπὶ τὸ πλάτος τῆς καρδίας σου
Bind them upon your fingers, and write them on the breadth of your heart.
Wisdom must be made bodily and inward at once, worn publicly and inscribed in the inner self.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
περίθουbindVE AMD2S · τίθημι + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτίθημι + περι: meaning 'bind'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σοῖςyourA1 DPM · σόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δακτύλοιςfingersN2 DPM · δάκτυλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδάκτυλος: meaning 'fingers'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπίγραψονwriteVA AAD2S · γράφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγράφω + ἐπι: meaning 'write'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶonP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλάτοςbreadthN3E ASN · πλάτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλάτος: meaning 'breadth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4
εἶπον τὴν σοφίαν σὴν ἀδελφὴν εἶναι τὴν δὲ φρόνησιν γνώριμον περιποίησαι σεαυτῷ
Say that wisdom is your sister, and make understanding your familiar friend,
The son is told to treat wisdom and prudence not as abstractions but as intimate household relations.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εἶπονsayVB AAD2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σὴνyourA1 ASF · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀδελφὴνsisterN1 ASF · ἀδελφήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀδελφή: meaning 'sister'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἶναιto beV9 PAN · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεἰμί: meaning 'to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φρόνησινunderstandingN3I ASF · φρόνησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφρόνησις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γνώριμονfamiliarA1B ASF · γνώριμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγνώριμος: meaning 'familiar'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
περιποίησαιmake your ownVA AMD2S · ποιέω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateποιέω + περι: meaning 'make your own'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεαυτῷyourselfRD DSM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσεαυτῷ: meaning 'yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5
ἵνα σε τηρήσῃ ἀπὸ γυναικὸς ἀλλοτρίας καὶ πονηρᾶς ἐάν σε λόγοις τοῖς πρὸς χάριν ἐμβάληται
so that she may keep you from a strange woman and an evil woman if she assails you with pleasing words.
Wisdom's nearness has a practical aim: she guards the hearer when seductive speech begins its assault.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τηρήσῃmay keepVA AAS3S · τηρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτηρέω: meaning 'may keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γυναικὸςwomanN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀλλοτρίαςstrangeA1A GSF · ἀλλότριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀλλότριος: meaning 'strange'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πονηρᾶςevilA1A GSF · πονηρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐάνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λόγοιςwith wordsN2 DPM · λόγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'with words'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάρις: meaning 'favor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐμβάληταιshe assailsVB AMS3S · βάλλω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyβάλλω + ἐν: meaning 'she assails'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
6
ἀπὸ γὰρ θυρίδος ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου αὐτῆς εἰς τὰς πλατείας παρακύπτουσα
For from a window of her house she peers out into the streets,
The discourse shifts into a narrated scene, beginning from the vantage point of the woman's house and window.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυρίδοςwindowN3D GSF · θυρίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθυρίς: meaning 'window'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλατείαςstreetsA3U APF · πλατύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλατύς: meaning 'streets'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παρακύπτουσαpeering outV1 · παπνσφ κύπτω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ κύπτω + παρα: meaning 'peering out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
ὃν ἂν ἴδῃ τῶν ἀφρόνων τέκνων νεανίαν ἐνδεῆ φρενῶν
whenever she sees among the foolish children a young man lacking sense,
The object of her attention is a youth marked not merely by age but by a deficit of judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὃνwhomRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'whom'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴδῃshe seesVB AAS3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὁράω: meaning 'she sees'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφρόνωνfoolishA3N GPM · ἄφρωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄφρων: meaning 'foolish'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τέκνωνchildrenN2N GPM · τέκνονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
νεανίανyoung manN1T ASM · νεανίαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνεανίας: meaning 'young man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνδεῆlackingA3H ASM · ἐνδεήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐνδεής: meaning 'lacking'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φρενῶνof senseN3 GPF · φρήνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφρήν: meaning 'of sense'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
8
παραπορευόμενον παρὰ γωνίαν ἐν διόδοις οἴκων αὐτῆς
passing by near a corner in the lanes of her house,
The youth's trajectory is already compromised: he is not innocent of place, but moving toward her zone.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
παραπορευόμενονpassing byV1 · πμπασμ πορεύομαι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασμ πορεύομαι + παρα: meaning 'passing by'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παρὰnearP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'near'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γωνίανcornerN1A ASF · γωνίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγωνία: meaning 'corner'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
διόδοιςlanesN2 DPF · δίοδοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδίοδος: meaning 'lanes'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οἴκωνof the houseN2 GPM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'of the house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
9
καὶ λαλοῦντα ἐν σκότει ἑσπερινῷ ἡνίκα ἂν ἡσυχία νυκτερινὴ ᾖ καὶ γνοφώδης
and speaking in the darkness of evening, whenever there is the stillness of night and gloom.
Evening, stillness, and darkness thicken the narrative atmosphere and underscore secrecy.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαλοῦνταspeakingV2 · παπασμ λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασμ λαλέω: meaning 'speaking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σκότειdarknessN3E DSN · σκότοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσκότος: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἑσπερινῷeveningA1 DSN · ἑσπερινόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἑσπερινός: meaning 'evening'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἡνίκαwhenD · ἡνίκαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἡνίκα: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡσυχίαstillnessN1A NSF · ἡσυχίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἡσυχία: meaning 'stillness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
νυκτερινὴnightlyA1 NSF · νυκτερινόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνυκτερινός: meaning 'nightly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ᾖthere isV9 PAS3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνοφώδηςgloomyA3H NSF · γνοφώδηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγνοφώδης: meaning 'gloomy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
10
ἡ δὲ γυνὴ συναντᾷ αὐτῷ εἶδος ἔχουσα πορνικόν ἣ ποιεῖ νέων ἐξίπτασθαι καρδίας
And the woman meets him, having the appearance of a prostitute, she who makes the hearts of young men flutter away.
The seductress enters the scene already characterized by erotic display and by her power to unsettle youthful hearts.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
συναντᾷmeetsV3 PAI3S · ἀντάω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀντάω + συν: meaning 'meets'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶδοςappearanceN3E ASN · εἶδοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεἶδος: meaning 'appearance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔχουσαhavingV1 · παπνσφ ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ ἔχω: meaning 'having'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πορνικόνprostitute-likeA1 ASN · πορνικόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπορνικός: meaning 'prostitute-like'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἣwhoRR NSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἣ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποιεῖmakesV2 PAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποιέω: meaning 'makes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νέωνof young menA1A GPM · νέοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνέος: meaning 'of young men'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐξίπτασθαιto fly awayV1 PMN · ἵπτομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἵπτομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'to fly away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καρδίαςheartsN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'hearts'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
11
ἀνεπτερωμένη δέ ἐστιν καὶ ἄσωτος ἐν οἴκῳ δὲ οὐχ ἡσυχάζουσιν οἱ πόδες αὐτῆς
She is winged and reckless, and her feet do not keep still at home.
Her restlessness is moral as well as physical: the chapter paints instability itself as seductive danger.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἀνεπτερωμένηexcitableVA · αμπνσφ πτερόω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπνσφ πτερόω + ἀνα: meaning 'excitable'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δέandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄσωτοςrecklessA1B NSF · ἄσωτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄσωτος: meaning 'reckless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡσυχάζουσινkeep stillV1 PAI3P · ἡσυχάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἡσυχάζω: meaning 'keep still'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόδεςfeetN3D NPM · πούςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπούς: meaning 'feet'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
χρόνον γάρ τινα ἔξω ῥέμβεται χρόνον δὲ ἐν πλατείαις παρὰ πᾶσαν γωνίαν ἐνεδρεύει
For a time she wanders outside, and at another time in the streets; beside every corner she lies in wait.
The woman is depicted as opportunistic and predatory, constantly repositioning herself for an ambush.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
χρόνονtimeN2 ASM · χρόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρόνος: meaning 'time'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γάρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τιναa certainRI ASM · τιςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτινα: meaning 'a certain'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔξωoutsideD · ἔξωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔξω: meaning 'outside'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥέμβεταιshe roamsV1 PMI3S · ῥέμβωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processῥέμβω: meaning 'she roams'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χρόνονtimeN2 ASM · χρόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρόνος: meaning 'time'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλατείαιςstreetsA3U DPF · πλατύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλατύς: meaning 'streets'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
παρὰbesideP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'beside'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πᾶσανeveryA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γωνίανcornerN1A ASF · γωνίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγωνία: meaning 'corner'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνεδρεύειshe lies in waitV1 PAI3S · ἐνεδρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐνεδρεύω: meaning 'she lies in wait'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
13
εἶτα ἐπιλαβομένη ἐφίλησεν αὐτόν ἀναιδεῖ δὲ προσώπῳ προσεῖπεν αὐτῷ
Then, after taking hold of him, she kissed him, and with a shameless face she said to him:
Physical seizure and brazen speech work together; the seduction is aggressive rather than accidental.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
εἶταthenD · εἶταadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastεἶτα: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιλαβομένηhaving taken holdVB · αμπνσφ λαμβάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπνσφ λαμβάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'having taken hold'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐφίλησενshe kissedVAI AAI3S · φιλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφιλέω: meaning 'she kissed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀναιδεῖshamelessA3H DSM · ἀναιδήςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀναιδής: meaning 'shameless'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσώπῳfaceN2N DSN · πρόσωπονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
προσεῖπενshe saidVBI AAI3S · εἶπον + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον + προς: meaning 'she said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
14
θυσία εἰρηνική μοί ἐστιν σήμερον ἀποδίδωμι τὰς εὐχάς μου
A peace offering is mine; today I pay my vows.
She begins by clothing her invitation in religious language, turning sacrificial fulfillment into an alibi for desire.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
θυσίαpeace offeringN1A NSF · θυσίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυσία: meaning 'peace offering'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰρηνικήpeaceableA1 NSF · εἰρηνικόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεἰρηνικός: meaning 'peaceable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μοίto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοί: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σήμερονtodayD · σήμερονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσήμερον: meaning 'today'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποδίδωμιI payV8 PAI1S · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'I pay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐχάςvowsN1 APF · εὐχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὐχή: meaning 'vows'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
15
ἕνεκα τούτου ἐξῆλθον εἰς συνάντησίν σοι ποθοῦσα τὸ σὸν πρόσωπον εὕρηκά σε
For this reason I came out to meet you, longing for your face; I have found you.
The speech flatters the youth by presenting the encounter as purposeful personal desire directed specifically toward him.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἕνεκαfor the sake ofP · ἕνεκαpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕνεκα: meaning 'for the sake of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τούτουthisRD GSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationτούτου: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξῆλθονI came outVBI AAI1S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'I came out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
συνάντησίνmeetingN3I ASF · συνάντησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσυνάντησις: meaning 'meeting'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποθοῦσαlonging forV2 · παπνσφ ποθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ ποθέω: meaning 'longing for'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σὸνyourA1 ASN · σόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσός: meaning 'your'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πρόσωπονfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εὕρηκάI have foundVX XAI1S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὑρίσκω: meaning 'I have found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
16
κειρίαις τέτακα τὴν κλίνην μου ἀμφιτάποις δὲ ἔστρωκα τοῖς ἀπ' Αἰγύπτου
With coverings I have spread my bed, and with carpets from Egypt I have furnished it.
Luxury and imported goods are recruited to make the forbidden space feel cultivated and desirable.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
κειρίαιςwith coveringsN1A DPF · κειρίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκειρία: meaning 'with coverings'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τέτακαI have spreadVX XAI1S · τείνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτείνω: meaning 'I have spread'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλίνηνbedN1 ASF · κλίνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκλίνη: meaning 'bed'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀμφιτάποιςwith carpetsA1B DPF · ἀμφίταποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀμφίταπος: meaning 'with carpets'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστρωκαI have furnishedVX XAI1S · στρωννύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστρωννύω: meaning 'I have furnished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςthe thingsRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
17
διέρραγκα τὴν κοίτην μου κρόκῳ τὸν δὲ οἶκόν μου κινναμώμῳ
I have sprinkled my couch with saffron, and my house with cinnamon.
Scent and interior ornament deepen the sensory world of temptation, appealing to desire before reason.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
διέρραγκαI have sprinkledVX XAI1S · ῥαίνω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateῥαίνω + δια: meaning 'I have sprinkled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοίτηνcouchN1 ASF · κοίτηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκοίτη: meaning 'couch'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κρόκῳwith saffronN2 DSM · κρόκοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκρόκος: meaning 'with saffron'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶκόνhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κινναμώμῳwith cinnamonN2N DSN · κιννάμωμονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκιννάμωμον: meaning 'with cinnamon'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
18
ἐλθὲ καὶ ἀπολαύσωμεν φιλίας ἕως ὄρθρου δεῦρο καὶ ἐγκυλισθῶμεν ἔρωτι
Come, and let us enjoy affection until daybreak; come and let us roll ourselves in desire.
The proposition is made explicit: delight is framed as mutual, immediate, and bounded only by the night.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐλθὲcomeVB AAD2S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπολαύσωμενlet us enjoyVA AAS1P · λαύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλαύω + ἀπο: meaning 'let us enjoy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φιλίαςaffectionN1A GSF · φιλίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφιλία: meaning 'affection'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἕωςuntilD · ἕωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄρθρουdaybreakN2 GSM · ὄρθροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄρθρος: meaning 'daybreak'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δεῦροcomeD · δεῦροadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδεῦρο: meaning 'come'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγκυλισθῶμενlet us wallowVA AAS1P · ἐγκυλίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἐγκυλίω: meaning 'let us wallow'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔρωτιin desireN3T DSM · ἔρωςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔρως: meaning 'in desire'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
19
οὐ γὰρ πάρεστιν ὁ ἀνήρ μου ἐν οἴκῳ πεπόρευται δὲ ὁδὸν μακρὰν
For my husband is not at home; he has gone on a long journey.
She neutralizes the fear of discovery by appealing to her husband's distance and absence.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάρεστινis presentV9 PAI3S · εἰμί + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί + παρα: meaning 'is present'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνήρhusbandN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'husband'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πεπόρευταιhas goneVM XMI3S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπορεύομαι: meaning 'has gone'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁδὸνjourneyN2 ASF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'journey'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μακρὰνlongA1A ASF · μακρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμακρός: meaning 'long'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
20
ἔνδεσμον ἀργυρίου λαβὼν ἐν χειρὶ αὐτοῦ δι' ἡμερῶν πολλῶν ἐπανήξει εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ
Taking a bag of silver in his hand, he will return to his house after many days.
The reassurance becomes concrete in time and circumstance: the husband is away with money and will not soon return.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἔνδεσμονbagA1B ASF · ἔνδεσμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔνδεσμος: meaning 'bag'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀργυρίουof silverN2N GSN · ἀργύριονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'of silver'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
λαβὼνhaving takenVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ λαμβάνω: meaning 'having taken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμερῶνdaysN1A GPF · ἡμέραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πολλῶνmanyA1 GPF · πολύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπανήξειhe will returnVF FAI3S · ἥκω + ἐπι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἥκω + ἐπι + ἀνα: meaning 'he will return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
21
ἀπεπλάνησεν δὲ αὐτὸν πολλῇ ὁμιλίᾳ βρόχοις τε τοῖς ἀπὸ χειλέων ἐξώκειλεν αὐτόν
And she led him astray with much talk, and with snares from her lips she swept him away.
The narrator now interprets the speech-act: abundance of words and verbal snares achieve the deception.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀπεπλάνησενshe led astrayVAI AAI3S · πλανάω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπλανάω + ἀπο: meaning 'she led astray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πολλῇmuchA1 DSF · πολύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὁμιλίᾳtalkN1A DSF · ὁμιλίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁμιλία: meaning 'talk'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
βρόχοιςwith snaresN2 DPM · βρόχοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβρόχος: meaning 'with snares'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τεandX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειλέωνlipsN3E GPN · χεῖλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχεῖλος: meaning 'lips'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐξώκειλενshe swept awayVB AAI3S · ὀκέλλω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀκέλλω + ἐκ: meaning 'she swept away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
22
ὁ δὲ ἐπηκολούθησεν αὐτῇ κεπφωθείς ὥσπερ δὲ βοῦς ἐπὶ σφαγὴν ἄγεται καὶ ὥσπερ κύων ἐπὶ δεσμοὺς
And he followed her, struck senseless, as an ox is led to slaughter, and like a dog to chains,
The youth's compliance is pictured as stunned, animal-like movement toward restraint and death.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπηκολούθησενhe followedVAI AAI3S · ἀκολουθέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκολουθέω + ἐπι: meaning 'he followed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇherRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κεπφωθείςstruck senselessVC · αππνσμ κεπφόομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνσμ κεπφόομαι: meaning 'struck senseless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὥσπερasD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βοῦςoxN3 NSM · βοῦςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβοῦς: meaning 'ox'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶtoP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σφαγὴνslaughterN1 ASF · σφαγήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσφαγή: meaning 'slaughter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄγεταιis ledV1 PMI3S · ἄγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄγω: meaning 'is led'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὥσπερasD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύωνdogN3 NSM · κύωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύων: meaning 'dog'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶtoP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δεσμοὺςchainsN2 APM · δεσμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδεσμός: meaning 'chains'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
23
ἢ ὡς ἔλαφος τοξεύματι πεπληγὼς εἰς τὸ ἧπαρ σπεύδει δὲ ὥσπερ ὄρνεον εἰς παγίδα οὐκ εἰδὼς ὅτι περὶ ψυχῆς τρέχει
or like a stag pierced in the liver by an arrow; and he hurries like a bird into a snare, not knowing that he runs for his life.
The imagery culminates in mortal vulnerability: the victim rushes ahead precisely because he does not perceive the cost.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαφοςstagN2 NSM · ἔλαφοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔλαφος: meaning 'stag'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοξεύματιby an arrowN3M DSM · τόξευμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτόξευμα: meaning 'by an arrow'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πεπληγὼςhaving been struckVX · χαπνσμ πλήσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνσμ πλήσσω: meaning 'having been struck'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἧπαρliverN3T ASN · ἧπαρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἧπαρ: meaning 'liver'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σπεύδειhe hurriesV1 PAI3S · σπεύδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσπεύδω: meaning 'he hurries'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὥσπερasD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄρνεονbirdN2N NSN · ὄρνεονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄρνεον: meaning 'bird'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παγίδαsnareN3D ASF · παγίςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαγίς: meaning 'snare'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰδὼςknowingVX · χαπνσμ οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνσμ οἶδα: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περὶforP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ψυχῆςlifeN1 GSF · ψυχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τρέχειhe runsV1 PAI3S · τρέχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτρέχω: meaning 'he runs'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
24
νῦν οὖν υἱέ ἄκουέ μου καὶ πρόσεχε ῥήμασιν στόματός μου
Now therefore, son, hear me, and attend to the words of my mouth.
The father breaks back into the narrative to reclaim the hearer's attention and interpret the episode directly.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὖν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱέsonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἄκουέhearV1 PAD2S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmeRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρόσεχεattendV1 PAD2S · ἔχω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔχω + προς: meaning 'attend'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ῥήμασινto wordsN3M DPN · ῥῆμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceῥῆμα: meaning 'to words'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
στόματόςof mouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'of mouth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
25
μὴ ἐκκλινάτω εἰς τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτῆς ἡ καρδία σου
Let not your heart turn aside into her ways,
The central danger is internal deviation: the heart must not begin to lean in her direction.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκκλινάτωlet turn asideVA AAD3S · κλίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'let turn aside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
26
πολλοὺς γὰρ τρώσασα καταβέβληκεν καὶ ἀναρίθμητοί εἰσιν οὓς πεφόνευκεν
for she has wounded and cast down many, and countless are those whom she has slain.
The warning is supported by accumulated precedent: her history is already one of injury, collapse, and death.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
πολλοὺςmanyA1 APM · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρώσασαhaving woundedVA · ααπνσφ τιτρώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσφ τιτρώσκω: meaning 'having wounded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καταβέβληκενshe has cast downVX XAI3S · βάλλω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβάλλω + κατα: meaning 'she has cast down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναρίθμητοίcountlessA1B NPM · ἀναρίθμητοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀναρίθμητος: meaning 'countless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰσινareV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὓςwhomRR APM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὓς: meaning 'whom'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πεφόνευκενshe has slainVX XAI3S · φονεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφονεύω: meaning 'she has slain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
27
ὁδοὶ ᾅδου ὁ οἶκος αὐτῆς κατάγουσαι εἰς τὰ ταμίεια τοῦ θανάτου
Her house is the ways of Hades, leading down to the chambers of death.
The final image names the true end of the path: what looked like a house of pleasure is a descent into death's interior rooms.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὁδοὶwaysN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ᾅδουof HadesN1M GSM · ᾅδηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationᾅδης: meaning 'of Hades'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατάγουσαιleading downV1 · παπνπφ ἄγω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπφ ἄγω + κατα: meaning 'leading down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταμίειαinner chambersN2N APN · ταμιεῖονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationταμιεῖον: meaning 'inner chambers'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.