1
ζυγοὶ δόλιοι βδέλυγμα ἐνώπιον κυρίου στάθμιον δὲ δίκαιον δεκτὸν αὐτῷ
Deceitful balances are an abomination before the Lord, but a just weight is acceptable to him.
The proverb opens the chapter by opposing fraudulent commerce to the standard the Lord receives with favor.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ζυγοὶbalancesN2 NPN · ζυγόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceζυγός: meaning 'balances'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δόλιοιdeceitfulA1A NPM · δόλιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόλιος: meaning 'deceitful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βδέλυγμαabominationN3M NSN · βδέλυγμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβδέλυγμα: meaning 'abomination'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνώπιονbeforeD · ἐνώπιονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
στάθμιονweightN2 NSN · σταθμίονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσταθμίον: meaning 'weight'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δίκαιονjustA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'just'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δεκτὸνacceptableA1 NSM · δεκτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδεκτός: meaning 'acceptable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
2
οὗ ἐὰν εἰσέλθῃ ὕβρις ἐκεῖ καὶ ἀτιμία στόμα δὲ ταπεινῶν μελετᾷ σοφίαν
Where insolence enters, there too comes dishonor, but the mouth of the humble meditates wisdom.
Arrogance brings shame with it, while humility is marked by reflective and wise speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐὰνwheneverC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'whenever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσέλθῃentersVB AAS3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'enters'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὕβριςinsolenceN3I NSF · ὕβριςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕβρις: meaning 'insolence'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶalsoD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'also'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀτιμίαdishonorN1A NSF · ἀτιμίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀτιμία: meaning 'dishonor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
στόμαmouthN3M NSN · στόμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταπεινῶνof the humbleA1 GPM · ταπεινόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationταπεινός: meaning 'of the humble'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μελετᾷpondersV3 PAI3S · μελετάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμελετάω: meaning 'ponders'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
3
ἀποθανὼν δίκαιος ἔλιπεν μετάμελον πρόχειρος δὲ γίνεται καὶ ἐπίχαρτος ἀσεβῶν ἀπώλεια
When the righteous man dies, he leaves regret behind, but the destruction of the ungodly quickly appears and is greeted with delight.
The Greek line turns the saying toward memory and aftermath: the righteous leave felt loss, but wicked ruin arrives as an exposed and welcome end.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀποθανὼνhaving diedVB · ααπνσμ θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ θνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'having died'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔλιπενleft behindVBI AAI3S · λείπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλείπω: meaning 'left behind'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετάμελονregretN2 ASM · μετάμελοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμετάμελος: meaning 'regret'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πρόχειροςready at handA1B NSM · πρόχειροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρόχειρος: meaning 'ready at hand'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γίνεταιbecomesV1 PMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγίγνομαι: meaning 'becomes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπίχαρτοςwelcomeA1B NSM · ἐπίχαρτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπίχαρτος: meaning 'welcome'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπώλειαdestructionN1A NSF · ἀπώλειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
5
δικαιοσύνη ἀμώμους ὀρθοτομεῖ ὁδούς ἀσέβεια δὲ περιπίπτει ἀδικίᾳ
The righteousness of the blameless cuts straight their ways, but ungodliness falls by injustice.
Straightness of path belongs to integrity; crooked practice collapses under its own injustice.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
δικαιοσύνηrighteousnessN1 NSF · δικαιοσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀμώμουςblameless onesA1B APM · ἄμωμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄμωμος: meaning 'blameless ones'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὀρθοτομεῖmakes straightV2 PAI3S · ὀρθοτομέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὀρθοτομέω: meaning 'makes straight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁδούςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀσέβειαungodlinessN1A NSF · ἀσέβειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσέβεια: meaning 'ungodliness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιπίπτειfalls intoV1 PAI3S · πίπτω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπίπτω + περι: meaning 'falls into'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀδικίᾳinjusticeN1A DSF · ἀδικίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀδικία: meaning 'injustice'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
6
δικαιοσύνη ἀνδρῶν ὀρθῶν ῥύεται αὐτούς τῇ δὲ ἀπωλείᾳ αὐτῶν ἁλίσκονται παράνομοι
The righteousness of upright men rescues them, but lawless men are caught in their own destruction.
The saying contrasts deliverance that comes from uprightness with capture that comes from a lawless end.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
δικαιοσύνηrighteousnessN1 NSF · δικαιοσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνδρῶνof menN3 GPM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'of men'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὀρθῶνuprightA1 GPM · ὀρθόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀρθός: meaning 'upright'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ῥύεταιrescuesV1 PMI3S · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processῥύομαι: meaning 'rescues'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῇby theRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπωλείᾳdestructionN1A DSF · ἀπώλειαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνof themRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἁλίσκονταιare caughtV1 PPI3P · ἁλίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἁλίσκω: meaning 'are caught'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παράνομοιlawless onesA1B NPM · παράνομοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαράνομος: meaning 'lawless ones'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
7
τελευτήσαντος ἀνδρὸς δικαίου οὐκ ὄλλυται ἐλπίς τὸ δὲ καύχημα τῶν ἀσεβῶν ὄλλυται
When a righteous man dies, hope does not perish, but the boast of the ungodly perishes.
Hope outlives the righteous, whereas the self-congratulation of the wicked dies with them.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
τελευτήσαντοςwhen diedVA · ααπγσμ τελευτάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπγσμ τελευτάω: meaning 'when died'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνδρὸςof a manN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'of a man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δικαίουrighteousA1A GSM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄλλυταιperishesV5 PMI3S · ὄλλυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὄλλυμι: meaning 'perishes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐλπίςhopeN3D NSF · ἐλπίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλπίς: meaning 'hope'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καύχημαboastN3M NSN · καύχημαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαύχημα: meaning 'boast'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσεβῶνungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὄλλυταιperishesV5 PMI3S · ὄλλυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὄλλυμι: meaning 'perishes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
8
δίκαιος ἐκ θήρας ἐκδύνει ἀντ' αὐτοῦ δὲ παραδίδοται ὁ ἀσεβής
The righteous escapes from the hunt, but the ungodly is handed over in his place.
The trap is reversed: the righteous slips free, and the wicked takes the place of the victim.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θήραςhuntN1A GSF · θήραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθήρα: meaning 'hunt'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκδύνειescapesV1 PAI3S · δύνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδύνω + ἐκ: meaning 'escapes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀντ'instead ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀντ': meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραδίδοταιis handed overV8 PMI3S · δίδωμι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'is handed over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσεβήςungodlyA3H NSM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
9
ἐν στόματι ἀσεβῶν παγὶς πολίταις αἴσθησις δὲ δικαίων εὔοδος
In the mouth of the ungodly there is a snare for citizens, but the discernment of the righteous brings good success.
Public speech can either entrap the community or guide it well; the proverb opposes those two civic outcomes.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
στόματιmouthN3M DSN · στόμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
παγὶςsnareN3D NSF · παγίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαγίς: meaning 'snare'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πολίταιςfor citizensN1M DPM · πολίτηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπολίτης: meaning 'for citizens'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αἴσθησιςdiscernmentN3I NSF · αἴσθησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἴσθησις: meaning 'discernment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαίωνof the righteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of the righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εὔοδοςgood successA1B NSF · εὔοδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὔοδος: meaning 'good success'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
10
ἐν ἀγαθοῖς δικαίων κατώρθωσεν πόλις
By the good things of the righteous a city prospers.
The welfare of a city is traced directly to the beneficent presence of the righteous within it.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
ἐνbyP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀγαθοῖςgood thingsA1 DPM · ἀγαθόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good things'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δικαίωνof the righteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of the righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κατώρθωσενprospersVAI AAI3S · ὀρθόω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀρθόω + κατα: meaning 'prospers'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πόλιςcityN3I NSF · πόλιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
11
στόμασιν δὲ ἀσεβῶν κατεσκάφη
But by the mouths of the ungodly it is torn down.
The previous civic blessing is inverted: corrupt speech demolishes the same public order that righteousness builds.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
στόμασινby mouthsN3M DPN · στόμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceστόμα: meaning 'by mouths'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κατεσκάφηis torn downVVI API3S · σκάπτω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσκάπτω + κατα: meaning 'is torn down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
μυκτηρίζει πολίτας ἐνδεὴς φρενῶν ἀνὴρ δὲ φρόνιμος ἡσυχίαν ἄγει
A man lacking sense mocks his fellow citizens, but a prudent man keeps quiet.
The wise response in communal life is restraint, not derision.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
μυκτηρίζειmocksV1 PAI3S · μυκτηρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμυκτηρίζω: meaning 'mocks'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πολίταςcitizensN1 APM · πολίτηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολίτης: meaning 'citizens'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνδεὴςlackingA3H NSM · ἐνδεήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐνδεής: meaning 'lacking'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φρενῶνof senseN3 GPF · φρήνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφρήν: meaning 'of sense'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φρόνιμοςprudentA1B NSM · φρόνιμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφρόνιμος: meaning 'prudent'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡσυχίανquietnessN1A ASF · ἡσυχίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡσυχία: meaning 'quietness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄγειleadsV1 PAI3S · ἄγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄγω: meaning 'leads'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
13
ἀνὴρ δίγλωσσος ἀποκαλύπτει βουλὰς ἐν συνεδρίῳ πιστὸς δὲ πνοῇ κρύπτει πράγματα
A double-tongued man reveals plans in council, but one faithful in spirit conceals matters.
The proverb measures trustworthiness by whether speech exposes confidential plans or guards them.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δίγλωσσοςdouble-tonguedA1B NSM · δίγλωσσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίγλωσσος: meaning 'double-tongued'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀποκαλύπτειrevealsV1 PAI3S · καλύπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκαλύπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'reveals'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βουλὰςplansN1 APF · βουλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβουλή: meaning 'plans'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
συνεδρίῳcouncilN2N DSN · συνέδριονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσυνέδριον: meaning 'council'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πιστὸςfaithfulA1 NSM · πιστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπιστός: meaning 'faithful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πνοῇin spiritN1 DSF · πνοήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπνοή: meaning 'in spirit'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κρύπτειhidesV1 PAI3S · κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκρύπτω: meaning 'hides'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πράγματαmattersN3M APN · πρᾶγμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρᾶγμα: meaning 'matters'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
14
οἷς μὴ ὑπάρχει κυβέρνησις πίπτουσιν ὥσπερ φύλλα σωτηρία δὲ ὑπάρχει ἐν πολλῇ βουλῇ
Those who have no guidance fall like leaves, but safety exists in abundant counsel.
Without steering, people scatter and fall; many counselors supply the stability that preserves them.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
οἷςthose for whomRR DPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestοἷς: meaning 'those for whom'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπάρχειexistsV1 PAI3S · ἄρχω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄρχω + ὑπο: meaning 'exists'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κυβέρνησιςguidanceN3I NSF · κυβέρνησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκυβέρνησις: meaning 'guidance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πίπτουσινfallV1 PAI3P · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπίπτω: meaning 'fall'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὥσπερlikeD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φύλλαleavesN2N NPN · φύλλονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφύλλον: meaning 'leaves'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σωτηρίαsafetyN1A NSF · σωτηρίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσωτηρία: meaning 'safety'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπάρχειexistsV1 PAI3S · ἄρχω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄρχω + ὑπο: meaning 'exists'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πολλῇmuchA1 DSF · πολύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
βουλῇcounselN1 DSF · βουλήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
15
πονηρὸς κακοποιεῖ ὅταν συμμείξῃ δικαίῳ μισεῖ δὲ ἦχον ἀσφαλείας
A wicked man does harm whenever he joins himself to a righteous man, but he hates the sound of security.
The line warns that the bad companion injures what he touches and recoils from the settled order that safety requires.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
πονηρὸςwickedA1A NSM · πονηρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπονηρός: meaning 'wicked'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κακοποιεῖdoes harmV2 PAI3S · κακοποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκακοποιέω: meaning 'does harm'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτανwheneverD · ὅτανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅταν: meaning 'whenever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συμμείξῃassociates withVA AAS3S · μίγνυμι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyμίγνυμι + συν: meaning 'associates with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δικαίῳa righteous manA1A DSM · δίκαιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδίκαιος: meaning 'a righteous man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μισεῖhatesV2 PAI3S · μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμισέω: meaning 'hates'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦχονsoundN2 ASM · ἦχοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἦχος: meaning 'sound'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀσφαλείαςof securityN1A GSF · ἀσφάλειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσφάλεια: meaning 'of security'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
16
γυνὴ εὐχάριστος ἐγείρει ἀνδρὶ δόξαν θρόνος δὲ ἀτιμίας γυνὴ μισοῦσα δίκαια πλούτου ὀκνηροὶ ἐνδεεῖς γίνονται οἱ δὲ ἀνδρεῖοι ἐρείδονται πλούτῳ
A gracious woman raises glory for her husband, but a woman who hates righteous things is a throne of dishonor. The slothful become needy, but the brave are supported by wealth.
The expanded Greek verse layers paired contrasts: graciousness brings honor, hostility to justice brings shame, sloth empties, and courage secures resources.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὐχάριστοςgraciousA1B NSF · εὐχάριστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐχάριστος: meaning 'gracious'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγείρειraisesV1 PAI3S · ἐγείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐγείρω: meaning 'raises'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνδρὶfor a husbandN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ: meaning 'for a husband'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θρόνοςthroneN2 NSM · θρόνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθρόνος: meaning 'throne'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀτιμίαςof dishonorN1A GSF · ἀτιμίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀτιμία: meaning 'of dishonor'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μισοῦσαhatingV2 · παπνσφ μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ μισέω: meaning 'hating'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίκαιαrighteous thingsA1A APN · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πλούτουof wealthN2 GSM · πλοῦτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπλοῦτος: meaning 'of wealth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὀκνηροὶslothfulA1A NPM · ὀκνηρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀκνηρός: meaning 'slothful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνδεεῖςneedyA3H NPM · ἐνδεήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐνδεής: meaning 'needy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γίνονταιbecomeV1 PMI3P · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνδρεῖοιbraveA1A NPM · ἀνδρεῖοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνδρεῖος: meaning 'brave'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐρείδονταιare supportedV1 PPI3P · ἐρείδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐρείδω: meaning 'are supported'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλούτῳby wealthN2 DSM · πλοῦτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλοῦτος: meaning 'by wealth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
17
τῇ ψυχῇ αὐτοῦ ἀγαθὸν ποιεῖ ἀνὴρ ἐλεήμων ἐξολλύει δὲ αὐτοῦ σῶμα ὁ ἀνελεήμων
A merciful man does good to his own soul, but the pitiless man destroys his own body.
Mercy returns as benefit to the self, while cruelty turns inward and consumes the body.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
τῇto theRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχῇsoulN1 DSF · ψυχήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀγαθὸνgoodA1 ASM · ἀγαθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποιεῖdoesV2 PAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποιέω: meaning 'does'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐλεήμωνmercifulA3N NSM · ἐλεήμωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλεήμων: meaning 'merciful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐξολλύειdestroysV5 PAI3S · ὄλλυμι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὄλλυμι + ἐκ: meaning 'destroys'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σῶμαbodyN3M ASN · σῶμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσῶμα: meaning 'body'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνελεήμωνpitilessA3N NSM · ἀνελεήμωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνελεήμων: meaning 'pitiless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
18
ἀσεβὴς ποιεῖ ἔργα ἄδικα σπέρμα δὲ δικαίων μισθὸς ἀληθείας
The ungodly does unjust works, but the seed of the righteous is a true reward.
The proverb opposes the wicked person’s false labor to the lasting and truthful yield of the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἀσεβὴςungodlyA3H NSM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ποιεῖdoesV2 PAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποιέω: meaning 'does'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄδικαunjustA1B APN · ἄδικοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄδικος: meaning 'unjust'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σπέρμαseedN3M NSN · σπέρμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσπέρμα: meaning 'seed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαίωνof the righteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of the righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μισθὸςrewardN2 NSM · μισθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμισθός: meaning 'reward'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀληθείαςof truthN1A GSF · ἀλήθειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀλήθεια: meaning 'of truth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
19
υἱὸς δίκαιος γεννᾶται εἰς ζωήν διωγμὸς δὲ ἀσεβοῦς εἰς θάνατον
A righteous son is born for life, but the pursuit of the ungodly leads to death.
Life and death are set as the respective trajectories of righteous lineage and wicked pursuit.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γεννᾶταιis bornV3 PMI3S · γεννάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγεννάω: meaning 'is born'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ζωήνlifeN1 ASF · ζωήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διωγμὸςpursuitN2 NSM · διωγμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιωγμός: meaning 'pursuit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβοῦςof the ungodlyA3H GSM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θάνατονdeathN2 ASM · θάνατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
20
βδέλυγμα κυρίῳ διεστραμμέναι ὁδοί προσδεκτοὶ δὲ αὐτῷ πάντες ἄμωμοι ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν
Twisted ways are an abomination to the Lord, but all who are blameless in their ways are acceptable to him.
The Lord’s evaluation falls on whole patterns of conduct, rejecting crooked ways and welcoming blameless ones.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
βδέλυγμαabominationN3M NSN · βδέλυγμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβδέλυγμα: meaning 'abomination'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίῳto the LordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'to the Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
διεστραμμέναιtwistedVP · χμπνπφ στρέφω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνπφ στρέφω + δια: meaning 'twisted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁδοίwaysN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
προσδεκτοὶacceptableA1 NPM · προσδεκτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπροσδεκτός: meaning 'acceptable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄμωμοιblamelessA1B NPM · ἄμωμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄμωμος: meaning 'blameless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοῖςwaysN2 DPF · ὁδόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνof themRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
21
χειρὶ χεῖρας ἐμβαλὼν ἀδίκως οὐκ ἀτιμώρητος ἔσται ὁ δὲ σπείρων δικαιοσύνην λήμψεται μισθὸν πιστόν
Hand joined to hands in unjust deeds will not go unpunished, but the one who sows righteousness will receive a faithful reward.
Collective complicity cannot shield wrongdoing; true recompense belongs instead to the sower of righteousness.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
χειρὶwith handN3 DSF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'with hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐμβαλὼνhaving joinedVB · ααπνσμ βάλλω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ βάλλω + ἐν: meaning 'having joined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀδίκωςunjustlyD · ἀδίκωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀδίκως: meaning 'unjustly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀτιμώρητοςunpunishedA1B NSM · ἀτιμώρητοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀτιμώρητος: meaning 'unpunished'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσταιwill beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σπείρωνsowingV1 · παπνσμ σπείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ σπείρω: meaning 'sowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λήμψεταιwill receiveVF FMI3S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαμβάνω: meaning 'will receive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μισθὸνrewardN2 ASM · μισθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμισθός: meaning 'reward'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πιστόνfaithfulA1 ASM · πιστόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπιστός: meaning 'faithful'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
22
ὥσπερ ἐνώτιον ἐν ῥινὶ ὑός οὕτως γυναικὶ κακόφρονι κάλλος
Like a ring in a pig’s snout, so is beauty in an ill-minded woman.
The image ridicules beauty detached from sound character by placing ornament in a setting that negates its fitness.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὥσπερlikeD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνώτιονringN2N ASN · ἐνώτιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐνώτιον: meaning 'ring'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ῥινὶnoseN3 DSF · ῥίςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceῥίς: meaning 'nose'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑόςof a pigN3U GSM · ὗςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὗς: meaning 'of a pig'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὕτωςsoD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'so'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γυναικὶto a womanN3K DSF · γυνήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγυνή: meaning 'to a woman'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κακόφρονιill-mindedA3N DSM · κακόφρωνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκακόφρων: meaning 'ill-minded'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κάλλοςbeautyN3E ASN · κάλλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκάλλος: meaning 'beauty'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
23
ἐπιθυμία δικαίων πᾶσα ἀγαθή ἐλπὶς δὲ ἀσεβῶν ἀπολεῖται
The desire of the righteous is wholly good, but the hope of the ungodly will perish.
The proverb distinguishes desire shaped by righteousness from hope attached to impiety.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἐπιθυμίαdesireN1A NSF · ἐπιθυμίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desire'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δικαίωνof the righteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of the righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πᾶσαeveryA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀγαθήgoodA1 NSF · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐλπὶςhopeN3D NSF · ἐλπίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλπίς: meaning 'hope'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβῶνof the ungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'of the ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπολεῖταιwill perishVF2 FMI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'will perish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
24
εἰσὶν οἳ τὰ ἴδια σπείροντες πλείονα ποιοῦσιν εἰσὶν καὶ οἳ συνάγοντες ἐλαττονοῦνται
Some scatter what is their own and make it more, and some gather yet become less.
The saying presents generosity and grasping in paradoxical economic terms: release multiplies, hoarding diminishes.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εἰσὶνthere areV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἳwhoRR NPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοἳ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἴδιαown thingsA1A APN · ἴδιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἴδιος: meaning 'own things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σπείροντεςscatteringV1 · παπνπμ σπείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ σπείρω: meaning 'scattering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλείοναmoreA3C ASM · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'more'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποιοῦσινmakeV2 PAI3P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποιέω: meaning 'make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰσὶνthere areV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶalsoC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'also'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἳwhoRR NPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοἳ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συνάγοντεςgatheringV1 · παπνπμ ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ἄγω + συν: meaning 'gathering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐλαττονοῦνταιbecome lessV2 PMI3P · ἐλαττονέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐλαττονέω: meaning 'become less'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
25
ψυχὴ εὐλογουμένη πᾶσα ἁπλῆ ἀνὴρ δὲ θυμώδης οὐκ εὐσχήμων
Every blessed soul is simple and generous, but an irascible man is not seemly.
Blessing is associated with openhanded simplicity, while hot temper appears as a deforming social trait.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ψυχὴsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὐλογουμένηbeing blessedV2 · πμπνσφ εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσφ εὐλογέω: meaning 'being blessed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶσαeveryA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἁπλῆsimpleA1C NSF · ἁπλοῦςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁπλοῦς: meaning 'simple'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυμώδηςpassionateA3H NSM · θυμώδηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμώδης: meaning 'passionate'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐσχήμωνseemlyA3N NSM · εὐσχήμωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐσχήμων: meaning 'seemly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
26
ὁ συνέχων σῖτον ὑπολίποιτο αὐτὸν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν εὐλογία δὲ εἰς κεφαλὴν τοῦ μεταδιδόντος
As for the man who withholds grain, may he be left to the nations; but blessing rests on the head of the one who shares it.
The verse condemns withholding staple goods in time of need and blesses the one who distributes them.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συνέχωνwithholdingA3H GPM · συνεχήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσυνεχής: meaning 'withholding'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σῖτονgrainN2 ASM · σῖτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσῖτος: meaning 'grain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑπολίποιτοmay be left behindVB AMO3S · λείπω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλείπω + ὑπο: meaning 'may be left behind'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῖςto theRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνεσινnationsN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
εὐλογίαblessingN1A NSF · εὐλογίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐλογία: meaning 'blessing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςuponP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεταδιδόντοςsharingV8 · παπγσμ δίδωμι + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ δίδωμι + μετα: meaning 'sharing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
27
τεκταινόμενος ἀγαθὰ ζητεῖ χάριν ἀγαθήν ἐκζητοῦντα δὲ κακά καταλήμψεται αὐτόν
Whoever devises good seeks good favor, but evil will overtake the one who seeks out evil.
Deliberate pursuit shapes outcome: planned good finds favor, while pursued evil circles back on its seeker.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τεκταινόμενοςdevisingVM · χμπνσμ τεκταίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσμ τεκταίνω: meaning 'devising'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγαθὰgood thingsA1 APN · ἀγαθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ζητεῖseeksV2 PAI3S · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processζητέω: meaning 'seeks'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχάρις: meaning 'favor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀγαθήνgoodA1 ASF · ἀγαθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκζητοῦνταseeking outV2 · παπασμ ζητέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασμ ζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'seeking out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κακάevil thingsA1 APN · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evil things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καταλήμψεταιwill overtakeVF FMI3S · λαμβάνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαμβάνω + κατα: meaning 'will overtake'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
28
ὁ πεποιθὼς ἐπὶ πλούτῳ οὗτος πεσεῖται ὁ δὲ ἀντιλαμβανόμενος δικαίων οὗτος ἀνατελεῖ
The one who trusts in wealth will fall, but the one who supports the righteous will spring up.
Misplaced confidence in riches fails, while attachment to the righteous is pictured as fresh growth.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεποιθὼςhaving trustedVX · χαπνσμ πείθωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνσμ πείθω: meaning 'having trusted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶinP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλούτῳwealthN2 DSM · πλοῦτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὗτοςthis oneRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'this one'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πεσεῖταιwill fallVF2 FMI3S · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω: meaning 'will fall'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀντιλαμβανόμενοςsupportingV1 · πμπνσμ λαμβάνω + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ λαμβάνω + ἀντι: meaning 'supporting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δικαίωνthe righteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'the righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὗτοςthis oneRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'this one'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνατελεῖwill spring upVF2 FAI3S · τέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'will spring up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
29
ὁ μὴ συμπεριφερόμενος τῷ ἑαυτοῦ οἴκῳ κληρονομήσει ἄνεμον δουλεύσει δὲ ἄφρων φρονίμῳ
The one who does not manage his own house well will inherit wind, and the fool will serve the wise.
Domestic disorder produces emptiness, and folly ends in subordination to better judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συμπεριφερόμενοςmanaging wellV1 · πμπνσμ φέρω + συν + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ φέρω + συν + περι: meaning 'managing well'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦof himselfRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'of himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κληρονομήσειwill inheritVF FAI3S · κληρονομέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκληρονομέω: meaning 'will inherit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνεμονwindN2 ASM · ἄνεμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνεμος: meaning 'wind'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δουλεύσειwill serveVF FAI3S · δουλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδουλεύω: meaning 'will serve'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄφρωνfoolA3N NSM · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'fool'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φρονίμῳwise oneA1B DSM · φρόνιμοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφρόνιμος: meaning 'wise one'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
30
ἐκ καρποῦ δικαιοσύνης φύεται δένδρον ζωῆς ἀφαιροῦνται δὲ ἄωροι ψυχαὶ παρανόμων
From the fruit of righteousness grows a tree of life, but the untimely souls of the lawless are taken away.
The proverb turns righteousness into a life-giving tree, then opposes it with the abrupt removal of lawless lives.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καρποῦfruitN2 GSM · καρπόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρπός: meaning 'fruit'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δικαιοσύνηςof righteousnessN1 GSF · δικαιοσύνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'of righteousness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φύεταιgrowsV1 PMI3S · φύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφύω: meaning 'grows'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δένδρονtreeN2N ASN · δένδρονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδένδρον: meaning 'tree'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ζωῆςof lifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'of life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀφαιροῦνταιare taken awayV2 PMI3P · αἱρέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processαἱρέω + ἀπο: meaning 'are taken away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄωροιuntimelyA1B NPF · ἄωροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄωρος: meaning 'untimely'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ψυχαὶsoulsN1 NPF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'souls'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παρανόμωνof lawless onesA1B GPM · παράνομοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαράνομος: meaning 'of lawless ones'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
31
εἰ ὁ μὲν δίκαιος μόλις σῴζεται ὁ ἀσεβὴς καὶ ἁμαρτωλὸς ποῦ φανεῖται
If the righteous man is scarcely saved, where will the ungodly and sinner appear?
The chapter closes with an a fortiori warning: if salvation is hard even for the righteous, the wicked have no standing at all.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εἰifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὲνindeedX · μένadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μόλιςbarelyD · μόλιςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμόλις: meaning 'barely'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σῴζεταιis savedV1 PMI3S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσώζω: meaning 'is saved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσεβὴςungodlyA3H NSM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁμαρτωλὸςsinnerA1B NSM · ἁμαρτωλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinner'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ποῦwhereD · ποῦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastποῦ: meaning 'where'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φανεῖταιwill appearVF2 FMI3S · φαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφαίνω: meaning 'will appear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.